Reporting Category 1

14-15 school year

EOC review

TEK 4ACompare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

ProkaryotesDo NOT have a nucleusHowever, they do contain genetic material (DNA or RNA)

They have a cell wallThey are unicellularKingdoms: Archaea and Bacteria

EukaryotesHave a nucleus that contains DNA

Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not

Have organelles Can be unicellular (protists) or multicellular

Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

Example Questions

TEK 4B Investigate and explain cellular

processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules

HomeostasisCell membranes help organisms maintain homeostasis by controlling what substances may enter or leave cells To stay alive, a cell must exchange

materials such as food, water, and wastes with its environment

Small molecules like water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide can move in and out freely

Diffusion and Osmosis Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area

of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Smaller molecules diffuse faster Molecules diffuse faster at higher temperatures

Osmosis is the diffusion of water; water will move to an area that has a higher concentration of molecules Hypotonic: solute concentration is higher inside cell(less

water) so water enters the cell causing it to swell and possibly burst

Hypertonic: solute concentration is higher outside cell so water moves out causing the cell to shrink

Isotonic: the concentrations are the same on both sides of the membrane

Example Question

TEK 4C Compare the structures of viruses to

cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza

Viruses A non-living parasite Highly specific to the types of cells

they infect Turns the cell into a virus making

factory

Viral Reproduction Viruses can reproduce through the lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle

Each cycle uses the cell’s equipment to build new viruses Lytic cycle results in death of cell Lysogenic cycle does not result in

death of cell

Example Question

TEK 5A Describe the stages of the cell cycle,

including DNA replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms

Why do cells divide?Growth, reproduction(in single celled organisms) and repair

Control of the Cell Cycle: G1 checkpoint- check to see if DNA

is damaged G2 checkpoint- check to see if DNA

replicated properly M checkpoint- check the alignment

of chromosomes

Mitosis The division of the nucleus that results in

identical complete copies of chromosomes packaged into two new nuclei

Cytokinesis- the division of the cytoplasm that results in two daughter cells

Example Questions

TEK 5CDescribe the roles of DNA, RNA, and environmental factors in cell differentiation

Cell Differentiation You started life as a single cell, a zygote. Your

body now contains millions of cells that are specialized for different functions. Muscle cells are specialized for movement. Stomach cells produce acid that breaks down food. The development of cells that have specialized functions is known as cell differentiation. All the cells of a multicellular organism contain the same DNA, so cell differentiation is due to a difference in gene expression rather than a difference in DNA. The process of gene expression is affected by both the internal and external environment

TEK 5DRecognize that disruptions of the cell cycle lead to diseases such as cancer

Characteristics of cancerous cells Lost the restraints on growth; they

are engaged in mitosis(dividing for an unlimited number of generations)

Lack of contact inhibition Reduced dependence on growth

factors in the environment Do not cooperate with other cells in

their environment

Characteristics of cancerous cells

TEK 9ACompare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, protein and nucleic acids

Metabolism Metabolism: the full set of chemical

processes carried out by a living organism

Anabolism: the formation of large complex molecules by linking together smaller, simpler molecules Require energy input

Catabolism: the breakdown of large, complex molecules into smaller molecules Release energy

Biomolecules

Biomolecule

Facts

Carbohydrates

Elements: CHOMonomer: monosaccharidesUsed to store and release energy

Protein Elements: CHONMonomer: amino acidsFunction as enzymes or structure

Lipids Elements: CHOMonomer: triglyceridesFunction as energy storage

Nucleic Acids

Elements; CHONMonomer: nucleotidesComponents of DNA and RNA

Example Question