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Reproductive and Somatic Effort in Dogwoods Week II. Principles of Ecology BIOL 3060. Review . Life history An organism’s typical pattern of : Growth & Survival Reproduction Somatic effort Growth/survival Reproductive effort Phenotypic plasticity - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Reproductive and Somatic Effort in Dogwoods
Week II Principles of Ecology BIOL 3060
Review • Life history
• An organism’s typical pattern of :• Growth & Survival• Reproduction
• Somatic effort• Growth/survival
• Reproductive effort• Phenotypic plasticity
• A single organism can have >1 phenotype
• Spigot Model•Reproduction only when somatic is topped-off
Age & Reproduction
• H1 With more energy on one size of a plant than the other, phenotypic plasticity allows greater reproduction to occur on that side.
• prediction: the sunny side of the tree has more flower buds than the shady side.
Hypothesis 1
Age & Reproduction
• H2 Trees with more total energy can invest more in reproduction.
• prediction: trees with more sun have more flower buds.
Hypothesis 2
Age & Reproduction
• H3 Delayed maturity and indeterminate growth cause older/larger trees to have greater reproduction.
• prediction: there is a significant positive correlation between the proportion of flower buds and the DBH of the tree.
Hypothesis 3
H1 prediction: % flower buds is greater on the sunny than shady side of roadside trees
T-TEST1 22 21 2
1 2
x xTs sn n
X1
AVG % flower buds on the sunny side
(roadside)
X2
AVG % flower buds on the shady side
(roadside)
Note: this is a one-tailed test, with 38 d.f.
H2 prediction: % flower buds is greater for trees in the sun than for
those in the shade
T-TEST1 22 21 2
1 2
x xTs sn n
X2
AVG % flower buds in understory
X1
AVG % flower buds on sunny side of roadside trees
Note: this is a one-tailed test, with 38 d.f.
Correlation
a) If there is NO difference between % flower buds in sunny and shady environments:
Correlation #1: % total flower buds on roadside and understory trees (y-
axis) vs DBH (x-axis)
b) If there IS a difference between % flower buds in sunny and shady environments:
Correlation #1: % total flower buds on roadside trees (y-axis) vs DBH (x-
axis)Correlation #2: % total
flower buds on understory trees (y-axis) vs DBH (x-
axis)
H3 prediction: % flower buds and tree age/size (DBH) are significantly positively correlated
Why do we have conditional analysis?
Hypothesis & Prediction 3H3 prediction: % flower buds and tree age-size
(DBH) are significantly positively correlated
What do you get?→ correlation coefficient: r
-positive/negative relationship-significance of relationship
CORRELATION ANALYSIS
If correlation (r) between mean % flower buds and DBH is positive, look up the
significance
Note: (n1-2) = d.f.
Roadside Trees Understory Trees (40)
Sunny-side (20) Shady-side (20)
Total Total Total
Tree DBHFlowe
rLea
f % FlrFlowe
r Leaf % FlrFlowe
rFlowe
r Tree DBH LeafFlowe
rFlowe
r1 5 11 9 55% 5 15 25% 16 40% 1 3 31 9 23%2 9 15 5 75% 10 10 50% 25 63% 2 8 25 15 38%3 9 14 6 70% 9 11 45% 23 58% 3 8 25 15 38%
etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc.
18 13 18 2 90% 13 7 65% 31 78% 18 7 18 22 55%19 8 13 7 65% 19 1 95% 32 80% 19 7 23 17 43%20 10 17 3 85% 12 8 60% 29 73% 20 5 4 36 90%
Mean 7.95 12.70 64% 10.80 54% 23.50 0.59 6.15 19.10 48%
S.D. 3.69 3.41 17% 3.68 18% 5.49 0.14 2.08 6.92 18%