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UBURYO BWO KURWANYA, GUSAKAMBURA AMABATI
NA PALAFO BYA “FIBRO-CIMENT”
(Soma FIBOROSIMA)
Ku wa 27 Mata 2012
RWAN
DA HOUSING AUTHORITYHR AREPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDAIkigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe
Guteza Imbere ImiturireB.P. 2469 KIGALI
REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA
Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Imiturire
B.P. 2469 KIGALI
UBURYO BWO KURWANYA, GUSAKAMBURA AMABATI NA PALAFO
BYA “FIBRO‐CIMENT” (Soma FIBOROSIMA)
Ku wa 27 Mata 2012
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IJAMBO RY’IBANZE RY’UMUYOBOZI MUKURU W’IKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE GUTEZA IMBERE IMITURIRE MU RWANDA.
Banyarwanda, baturarwanda namwe nshuti z’u Rwanda,
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ikomeje gahunda zo guharanira ko abaturage bagira ubuzima bwiza ishyira mu bikorwa gahunda zinyuranye zo kuvura, gukingira, ndetse no gukumira indwara mbere y’uko zifata abantu.
Ni muri urwo rwego, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere Imiturire gishamikiye kuri Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo, cyifuje kubagezaho ubumenyi bw’ibanze ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’impuguke burebana n’isakaro rya “Fibrociment/Asbestos”.
Ubwo bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko amabati na palafo bikoreshwa mu isakaro bizwi ku izina rya “asbestos/Fibrociment” bikozwe mu kinyabutabire bita “Chrysotile” bitumura umukungugu cyane cyane iyo ayo mabati na palafo bishaje cyangwa byarangiritse, uwo mukungugu ushobora kwivanga n’umwuka duhumeka mu kirere, twawuhumeka ukajya ku rwugara rw’ibihaha aribyo biviramo umuntu kwandura indwara ya Kanseri y’ibihaha.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe imbere mu gihugu cyacu n’isosiyeti yo muri Canada yitwa Experco International mu Kwakira 2010 bwagaragaje ko hari ibisenge na palafo bifite ubuso bungana na m2 zisaga miliyoni imwe (1,000,000m2) ku mazu asakajwe n’ibyo bikoresho birimo “amiante”/asbestos” azwi ku izina rya
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“fibrociment” aho 60% biri ku nyubako za Leta naho 40% biri ku mazu y’abaturage n’ibigo by’abihayimana.
Ni muri urwo rwego Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yafashe ingamba zinyuranye zo kurengera abaturarwanda ishyiraho uburyo bwo guhashya burundu ibikoresho bifite ubwo butabire no kubisimbuza ibindi bidafite ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu.
Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Guteza imbere Imiturire ari nacyo gifite mu nshingano zacyo gufasha abaturarwanda guca burundu ibyo bikoresho cyafashe ingamba zikurikira :
1. Guhagarika burundu itumizwa mu mahanga ry’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi birimo asbestos,
2. Gusimbuza ibisenge bisakajwe na fiburosima ku mazu yose yaba aya Leta , ay’abikorera ndetse n’ay’abantu ku giti cyabo mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe,
3. Gutanga amahugurwa ku bantu banyuranye agendanye n’uburyo bwo gukuraho no gusakambura ibisenge bya fiburosima,
4. Gutegura ibyobo byo gutabamo ibikoresho byose bya fiburosima no kurinda ko umukungugu wabyo wagira aho uhurira n’abantu,
5. Mu rwego rwo kwihutisha igikorwa cyo guca burundu ibyo bikoresho birimo asbestos/fibro‐ciment, RHA yashyizeho umukozi umwe muri buri Ntara ushinzwe gukurikirana icyo gikorwa.
Aha tuributsa buri wese ko ntawemerewe gusakambura , gutwara no gutaba ibikoresho bifite asbestos atabiherewe uruhushya n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Imiturire (RHA), nta muntu wemerewe kujya ahabera imirimo yo gukuraho ibikoresho bifite asbestos atambaye ibikoresho byo kwikingira byabigenewe, nta wemerewe guturana n’ibikoresho bifite “asbestos/Fibrociment” aho byaba birunzwe cyangwa bibitse.
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Ni muri urwo rwego duhamagarira buri muntu wese, ibigo byigenga, abikorera ku giti cyabo, Minisiteri n’Ibigo bya Leta, bafite amazu asakajwe iryo sakaro, cyane cyane inzego zose z’ubuyobozi kuva ku nzego z’ibanze kugeza ku rwego rw’Igihugu, inzego z’umutekano, kwitabira iyi gahunda ku buryo bitarenze mu umwaka wa 2013 amazu yose asakajwe aya mabati ya “Fibrociment/Asbestos” azaba yarahinduriwe isakaro, Turabamenyesha buri wese ukeneye ibisobanuro birambuye cyangwa ubonye aho iyo mirimo ikorerwa ntabikoresho byabigenewe bafite ko yabimenyesha inzego z’ubuyobozi n’iz’umutekano zimwegereye cyangwa agahamagara umurongo wa telefoni utishyurwa 4150.
Dusoje tubifuriza imiturire myiza izira icyahungabanya ubuzima n’ibidukikije cyane cyane indwara zikomoka kuri asbestos/fibro‐ciment tubasaba n’ubufatanye bwanyu mu kwihutisha igikorwa cyo guca burundu ibikoresho birimo Asbestos. Mugire amahoro.
Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Imiturire (Rwanda Housing Authority) Esther MUTAMBA
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IBIRIMO URUPAPURO
1. ASBESTOS NI IKI?............................................................8
2. AHO ICYO KINYABUTABIRE KIBONEKA MU
RWANDA......................................................................10
3. INDWARA ZITERWA NA ASBESTOS..……………………….…13
4. IBIJYANYE N’AMATEGEKO………………………………………….15
5. IMIRIMO YO KWIRINDA INGARUKA ZA ASIBESITOSI N’AMABWIRIZA AKURIKIZWA ……………...16
5.1. GUSAKAMBURA AMABATI YA ASBESTOS…….…18
1. Kumenya ibisenge bya asbestos…………………….18
2. Ibikoresho byo kwirinda ku muntu…………….….20
3. Inzira zikurikizwa mu kubikuraho………..…………21
4. Isuku yo ku mubiri…………………………………………27
5. Gusuzuma ibishingwe…………………………..……....27
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1. AMIANTE/ASBESTOS NI IKI? “Amiante” mu gifaransa (Soma amiyante) cyangwa “Asbestos” mu cyongereza (soma asibesitosi) ni ikinyabutabire gikozwe mu tuntu tumeze nk’utudodo, kikaba kiboneka cyane mu birombe biboneka muri Kanada, mu Burusiya, muri Afurika y’Epfo no muri Amerika y’Amajyepfo.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bw’ingenzi bw’icyo kinyabutabire ari bwo:
• Serepantine (Serpentine)
• Amfibole (Amphibole)
Serepantine igizwe ahanini n’akadodo kitwa kirizotile (Chrysotile) kazwi ku izina rya amiyante y’umweru.
Ubwoko bwa Serepantine
Urudodo rw’ingenzi : kirizotile Urudodo rworoshye Rukunze kwitwa asibesitosi yera
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1. AMIANTE/ASBESTOS NI IKI? “Amiante” mu gifaransa (Soma amiyante) cyangwa “Asbestos” mu cyongereza (soma asibesitosi) ni ikinyabutabire gikozwe mu tuntu tumeze nk’utudodo, kikaba kiboneka cyane mu birombe biboneka muri Kanada, mu Burusiya, muri Afurika y’Epfo no muri Amerika y’Amajyepfo.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bw’ingenzi bw’icyo kinyabutabire ari bwo:
• Serepantine (Serpentine)
• Amfibole (Amphibole)
Serepantine igizwe ahanini n’akadodo kitwa kirizotile (Chrysotile) kazwi ku izina rya amiyante y’umweru.
Ubwoko bwa Serepantine
Urudodo rw’ingenzi : kirizotile Urudodo rworoshye Rukunze kwitwa asibesitosi yera
Ubwoko bwa Amfibole
Utudodo two mu muryango wa amfibole turimo ubwoko bwinshi: • Korosidolite: amiyante y’umweru • Amosite: amiyante y’ikigina • Antofilite • Agitinolite • Teremolite: mu busanzwe ziba zikomeye.
Amiyante cyangwa asibesitosi ni ikinyabutabire gikoreshwa cyane mu nganda no mu myubakire kubera imitetere yacyo ituma kibasha kurinda ubushyuhe bwinshi, gukereza umuriro mu gihe habayeho inkongi, guhagarikaumuriro w’amashanyarazi, kutangizwa n’ibindi binyabutabire, kutabora, kuramba no kubangamira amajwi.
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2. AHO ICYO KINYABUTABIRE KIBONEKA MU RWANDA Utudodo twa asibesitosi usanga tuvanze n’ibindi binyabutabire mu bikoresho by’ubwubatsi. Mu Rwanda, biboneka mu bikoresho by’ubwubatsi mu bwoko bubiri:
a. Ibikoresho birambuye cyangwa bifite imigongo
bikozwe muri amiyante na sima bikoreshwa ku isakaro
b. Ibikoresho birambuye (pano) bikoreshwa kuri palafo Ibisenge bisakaje amabati ya Asbestos biboneka cyane ku mazu ya Leta, Ibigo n’Insengero by’Abihayimana, ku mazu y’abikorera ku giti cyabo n’ay’abaturage muri rusange yubatswe guhera mu myaka ya 1930 kuzamura. Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwakorewe muri laboratwari yabigenewe yo muri Kanada, mu Rwanda ibyo bikoresho byombi birimo amiyante y’ubwoko bwa kirisotile igera kuri 30‐ 40% na sima iri hagati ya 60‐70%.
Ibisenge byo muri amiyante na sima
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2. AHO ICYO KINYABUTABIRE KIBONEKA MU RWANDA Utudodo twa asibesitosi usanga tuvanze n’ibindi binyabutabire mu bikoresho by’ubwubatsi. Mu Rwanda, biboneka mu bikoresho by’ubwubatsi mu bwoko bubiri:
a. Ibikoresho birambuye cyangwa bifite imigongo
bikozwe muri amiyante na sima bikoreshwa ku isakaro
b. Ibikoresho birambuye (pano) bikoreshwa kuri palafo Ibisenge bisakaje amabati ya Asbestos biboneka cyane ku mazu ya Leta, Ibigo n’Insengero by’Abihayimana, ku mazu y’abikorera ku giti cyabo n’ay’abaturage muri rusange yubatswe guhera mu myaka ya 1930 kuzamura. Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwakorewe muri laboratwari yabigenewe yo muri Kanada, mu Rwanda ibyo bikoresho byombi birimo amiyante y’ubwoko bwa kirisotile igera kuri 30‐ 40% na sima iri hagati ya 60‐70%.
Ibisenge byo muri amiyante na sima
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Pano zikoreshwa kuri palafo
3. INDWARA ZITERWA NA ASBESTOS
Asibesitosi igira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu iyo utudodo tuyigize duhunguka ku bikoresho irimo hanyuma tukajya mu mwuka abantu bakawuhumeka. Utwo tudodo twinjira mu nzira z’ubuhumekero tugatangira kumunga ibihaha aribyo bivamo kanseri. Iyo kanseri igaragara hagati y’imyaka 15 na 20 nyuma yo guhumeka utudodo tugize asibesitisi, iyo kanseri imaze kugaragaza ibimenyetso umurwayi wayo amara imyaka ibiri (2) gusa agahita apfa. Uwo mukungugu utera kanseri ntabwo ugaragarira amaso kuko uri ku kigereranyo cya 1/5.000 cy’umusatsi umwe w’umuntu.
Indwara ziterwa no guhumeka asibesitosi/amiyante zirimo ubwoko bune:
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Pano zikoreshwa kuri palafo
3. INDWARA ZITERWA NA ASBESTOS
Asibesitosi igira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu iyo utudodo tuyigize duhunguka ku bikoresho irimo hanyuma tukajya mu mwuka abantu bakawuhumeka. Utwo tudodo twinjira mu nzira z’ubuhumekero tugatangira kumunga ibihaha aribyo bivamo kanseri. Iyo kanseri igaragara hagati y’imyaka 15 na 20 nyuma yo guhumeka utudodo tugize asibesitisi, iyo kanseri imaze kugaragaza ibimenyetso umurwayi wayo amara imyaka ibiri (2) gusa agahita apfa. Uwo mukungugu utera kanseri ntabwo ugaragarira amaso kuko uri ku kigereranyo cya 1/5.000 cy’umusatsi umwe w’umuntu.
Indwara ziterwa no guhumeka asibesitosi/amiyante zirimo ubwoko bune:
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Indwara Ibimenyetso
KANSERI Y’IBIHAHA • Ihumeka ry’utudodo twa
amiyante byongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’ibihaha
• Ibi byago byiyongera cyane ku muntu unywa itabi
MEZOTERIYOMA • Iyi ni kanseri y’agahu
gatwikiriye ibihaha ndetse n’umutima
• Irangwa no kuribwa mu nda
AMIYANTOZE • Utudodo twa asibesitosi
twirunda mu twobo turi ku bihaha hanyuma utwo twobo tukaziba ubundi tugakomera aho korohera
• Iyi ndwara imunga ibihaha buhoro buhoro
• Iyi ndwara ituma umuntu agira umwuka muke
AMAGARAGAMBA KU BIHAHA • Utudodo twa amiyante
twirunda ku gahu gatwikiriye ibihaha bigatera uburibwe ndetse bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo guhumeka
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Indwara Ibimenyetso
KANSERI Y’IBIHAHA • Ihumeka ry’utudodo twa
amiyante byongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’ibihaha
• Ibi byago byiyongera cyane ku muntu unywa itabi
MEZOTERIYOMA • Iyi ni kanseri y’agahu
gatwikiriye ibihaha ndetse n’umutima
• Irangwa no kuribwa mu nda
AMIYANTOZE • Utudodo twa asibesitosi
twirunda mu twobo turi ku bihaha hanyuma utwo twobo tukaziba ubundi tugakomera aho korohera
• Iyi ndwara imunga ibihaha buhoro buhoro
• Iyi ndwara ituma umuntu agira umwuka muke
AMAGARAGAMBA KU BIHAHA • Utudodo twa amiyante
twirunda ku gahu gatwikiriye ibihaha bigatera uburibwe ndetse bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo guhumeka
IBIMENYETSO BYA KANSERI ITERWA N’ASIBESITOSI
Inkorora ihoraho Guhumeka nabi Kugira umuriro Gutakaza ibiro Umunaniro uhoraho Amazi mu bihaha Kubura amaraso Kubabara mu gituza Kutabasha kumira ibyo kurya Kuzana amaraso mu gihe cyo kwihagarika no kwituma Kuzana amabara ku ruhu Guhindura ijwi rikaba nk’aho wasaraye.
4. IBIJYANYE N’AMATEGEKO Mu Rwanda nta mategeko yihariye agenga ivanwaho ry’ibikoressho
birimo asibesitosi, ariko hari amategeko n’amateka atandukanye
abuza ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire bishobora guhungabnya ubuzima
bw’abantu; twavuga ingero ebyeri zikurikira:
1. Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe No 24/03 ryo kuwa 23/10/2008
rigaragaza urutonde rw’ibinyabutabire n’imiti bitemewe gutumizwa
mu mahanga no gukoreshwa mu Rwanda hatabanje gusabwa
uburenganzira; asibesitosi nayo igaragara kuri urwo rutonde
2. Itegeko No 04/2005 ryo kuwa 8/04/2005 rirebana n’uburyo bwo
kubungabunga no guteza imbere ibidukikije mu Rwanda ribuzanya
gutumura mu kirere imyuka, ibisigazwa, imikungugu n’ibindi
binyabutabire byangiza ikirere (Ingingo ya 88).
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Iryo tegeko kandi ribuzanya kurunda cyangwa gutaba ahantu aho ari
ho hose imyanda bidasabiwe uburenganzira ikanabuzanya mu ngingo
yaryo ya 93 gukoresha ibinyabutabire bihumanya.
Iryo tegeko mu ngingo zaryo za 95 kugeza 115 riteganya ibihano ku
batubahiriza ibigamije kubungabunga ibidukikije harimo n’ubuzima
bw’abantu.
5. IMIRIMO YO KWIRINDA INGARUKA ZA ASIBESITOSI N’AMABWIRIZA AKURIKIZWA
Imirimo ikorwa ku bisenge birimo asbestos igomba gukurikiza amabwiriza ajyanye n’igikorwa giteganijwe gukorwa. Ibikorwa bibiri bishoboka ni ibikurikira:
‐ Gusakambura
Ni ngombwa kubanza kugenzura uko amabati ya asbestos yifashe. Niba ashaje cyane, yaratobaguritse, agomba gukurwaho agasimbuzwa andi.
‐ Gupfuka Mu gihe amabati ya asbestos akiri mazima (atarasaza cyangwa ngo atobagurike/avungagurike), ashobora kugumishwaho. Gupfuka amabati ya asibesitosi ni ukuyatwikira cyangwa kuyahoma hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bimatira kugirango babuze twa tudodo twa asbestos gutumukira mu mwuka.
Icyitonderwa: Kubera ko mu Rwanda amabati ya fiborosima yakoreshejwe mu gihe cy’ubukoloni akaba amaze imyaka myinshi bigaragara ko hafi ya yose ashaje bityo akaba agomba kuvanwaho. Ikindi kandi ni uko aho ayo mazu ahereye cyane cyane mu Mujyi wa Kigali n’indi mijyi hakeneye kuvugururwa hakubakwa amazu ajyanye n’ibishushanyo mbonera byemejwe.
Ku bw’izo mpamvu zose, mu Rwanda uburyo bwo gutwikira ntabwo bukoreshwa kuko nyuma yo gutwikira biba ngombwa ko ayo mabati na palafo bikurwaho. Impamvu ubu buryo bwo gutwikira bukoreshwa mu bindi bihugu ni uko inzu ziriho ayo mabati ziba ari nyinshi cyane ku buryo batahita bayavanaho mu gihe gito.
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‐ Gupfuka Mu gihe amabati ya asbestos akiri mazima (atarasaza cyangwa ngo atobagurike/avungagurike), ashobora kugumishwaho. Gupfuka amabati ya asibesitosi ni ukuyatwikira cyangwa kuyahoma hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bimatira kugirango babuze twa tudodo twa asbestos gutumukira mu mwuka.
Icyitonderwa: Kubera ko mu Rwanda amabati ya fiborosima yakoreshejwe mu gihe cy’ubukoloni akaba amaze imyaka myinshi bigaragara ko hafi ya yose ashaje bityo akaba agomba kuvanwaho. Ikindi kandi ni uko aho ayo mazu ahereye cyane cyane mu Mujyi wa Kigali n’indi mijyi hakeneye kuvugururwa hakubakwa amazu ajyanye n’ibishushanyo mbonera byemejwe.
Ku bw’izo mpamvu zose, mu Rwanda uburyo bwo gutwikira ntabwo bukoreshwa kuko nyuma yo gutwikira biba ngombwa ko ayo mabati na palafo bikurwaho. Impamvu ubu buryo bwo gutwikira bukoreshwa mu bindi bihugu ni uko inzu ziriho ayo mabati ziba ari nyinshi cyane ku buryo batahita bayavanaho mu gihe gito.
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5.1. Gusakambura amabati arimo asibesitosi
1. Kumenya ibisenge biriho asbestos Ibyinshi muri ibyo bisenge bigaragara mu Rwanda biteye nk’ibi tubona ku mafoto akurikira:
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2. Ibikoresho byo kwirinda kuri buri muntu Ibikorwa bijyanye no gusakambura/gukuraho ibisenge na palafo bya asbestos bisaba ibikoresho birinda umuntu ubikora :
Igikoresho cyo kurinda ubuhumekero*
Ubupfukantoki (Gant) bukoreshwa rimwe gusa
*Ni ngombwa gufata neza no kugenzura buri gihe imikoreshereze y’ibikoresho birinda ubuhumekero kuko bigomba gukoreshwa rimwe gusa.
Umwambaro wo kwirinda Ikitonderwa Gutunganya neza masque yo mu maso ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku kwirinda kuzuye.
Udupfukantoki tugomba kwinjira imbere mu maboko y’umwambaro
Masque yo mu maso iri munsi y’ingofero Imashini ifunga umwambaro wose irazamuka ikagera neza munsi ya masike yo mu maso.
Amaguru y’umwambaro arenga hejuru ya bottes zirinze ibirenge.
3. Uburyo bwo gukora ibikorwa byo gukuraho ibikoresho
birimo asibesitosi
3.1. Kugaragaza agace imirimo iberamo Ahantu hakorerwa ibyo bikorwa ntihagomba kuba cyangwa kunyura abantu batari muri ibyo bikorwa birimo kuba.
Aho hantu hagomba kugaragazwa hakoreshejwe ibyapa n’amatangazo bigaragara ku bwinjiriro bw’inyubako bibuza abantu kuhagera.
MWITONDERE ASBESTOS
ITERA KANSERI N’IZINDI NDWARA
Z’IBIHAHA
BIRABUJIJWE KUNYURA HANO KERETSE ABABYEMEREWE
UTEGETSWE KWAMBARA IMYAMBARO
IRINDA UBUHUMEKERO
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Umwambaro wo kwirinda Ikitonderwa Gutunganya neza masque yo mu maso ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku kwirinda kuzuye.
Udupfukantoki tugomba kwinjira imbere mu maboko y’umwambaro
Masque yo mu maso iri munsi y’ingofero Imashini ifunga umwambaro wose irazamuka ikagera neza munsi ya masike yo mu maso.
Amaguru y’umwambaro arenga hejuru ya bottes zirinze ibirenge.
3. Uburyo bwo gukora ibikorwa byo gukuraho ibikoresho
birimo asibesitosi
3.1. Kugaragaza agace imirimo iberamo Ahantu hakorerwa ibyo bikorwa ntihagomba kuba cyangwa kunyura abantu batari muri ibyo bikorwa birimo kuba.
Aho hantu hagomba kugaragazwa hakoreshejwe ibyapa n’amatangazo bigaragara ku bwinjiriro bw’inyubako bibuza abantu kuhagera.
MWITONDERE ASBESTOS
ITERA KANSERI N’IZINDI NDWARA
Z’IBIHAHA
BIRABUJIJWE KUNYURA HANO KERETSE ABABYEMEREWE
UTEGETSWE KWAMBARA IMYAMBARO
IRINDA UBUHUMEKERO
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3.2. Gutegura imirimo n’ibikoresho Kurinda/gutwikira ibikoresho byo mu nzu n’ahandi mu nzu ifite igisenge kigomba kuvanwaho.
Icyuma cyagenewe gukurura umukungugu
Imifuka yihariye yagenewe gutwara imyanda ya asbestos
Amahema ya plastic
Umuti wo gutohesha
Ibikoresho byo kwirinda
Ibikoresho byagenewe iyo mirimo
3.3. Kugabanya gutumuka no gukwirakwira k’umukungugu
wa asibesitosi Abakora imirimo bagomba gukora ibishoboka byose ngo bagabanye gutumuka no gukwirakwira k’umukungugu wa asbestos mu mwuka mu buryo bukurikira :
‐ Gusakambura bakoresheje ibikoresho bikoreshwa
intoki, bakirinda gukoresha amamashini yatumura umukungugu.
‐ Mu gihe izo mashini
zakenerwa, ahakorerwa hagomba gutoswa kugirango umukungugu ntutumuke.
‐ Kwirinda kujanjagura amabati ya asbestos no kuyajugunyanga hasi.
‐ Gukorakora amabati mu buryo butayavungagura.
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3.2. Gutegura imirimo n’ibikoresho Kurinda/gutwikira ibikoresho byo mu nzu n’ahandi mu nzu ifite igisenge kigomba kuvanwaho.
Icyuma cyagenewe gukurura umukungugu
Imifuka yihariye yagenewe gutwara imyanda ya asbestos
Amahema ya plastic
Umuti wo gutohesha
Ibikoresho byo kwirinda
Ibikoresho byagenewe iyo mirimo
3.3. Kugabanya gutumuka no gukwirakwira k’umukungugu
wa asibesitosi Abakora imirimo bagomba gukora ibishoboka byose ngo bagabanye gutumuka no gukwirakwira k’umukungugu wa asbestos mu mwuka mu buryo bukurikira :
‐ Gusakambura bakoresheje ibikoresho bikoreshwa
intoki, bakirinda gukoresha amamashini yatumura umukungugu.
‐ Mu gihe izo mashini
zakenerwa, ahakorerwa hagomba gutoswa kugirango umukungugu ntutumuke.
‐ Kwirinda kujanjagura amabati ya asbestos no kuyajugunyanga hasi.
‐ Gukorakora amabati mu buryo butayavungagura.
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3.4 Gukora isuku y’ahabereye imirimo n’iy’ibikoresho byakoreshejwe
Iyo ibikorwa birangiye, ahakorewe imirimo ndetse n’ibikoresho byakoreshejwe bigomba gusukurwa. Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe kuri chantier bigomba gukurwaho umukungugu hakoreshejwe ibitambaro bitose.
• Kuyora umukungugu
Iyo imirimo irangiye ni ngombwa gukuraho imikungugu yose n’ibishingwe hakoreshejwe icyuma cyabugenewe, byaba ngombwa bakabanza kubitera amazi mbere yo kubiyora.
Guhanagura ibikoresho byo mu nzu Ku bikoresho byo kwirinda n’ibindi bijyana.
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3.4 Gukora isuku y’ahabereye imirimo n’iy’ibikoresho byakoreshejwe
Iyo ibikorwa birangiye, ahakorewe imirimo ndetse n’ibikoresho byakoreshejwe bigomba gusukurwa. Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe kuri chantier bigomba gukurwaho umukungugu hakoreshejwe ibitambaro bitose.
• Kuyora umukungugu
Iyo imirimo irangiye ni ngombwa gukuraho imikungugu yose n’ibishingwe hakoreshejwe icyuma cyabugenewe, byaba ngombwa bakabanza kubitera amazi mbere yo kubiyora.
Guhanagura ibikoresho byo mu nzu Ku bikoresho byo kwirinda n’ibindi bijyana.
• Gushyira ibishingwe mu mifuka yabigenewe
Ibishingwe bigomba gushyirwa mu bifuka bifunze neza, bitava kandi byabugenewe. Biba byiza kurushaho iyo umufuka wa mbere urimo ibishingwe ufunze neza ushyirwa mu wa kabiri nawo ufunze neza kandi utava ku mpamvu z’umutekano. Iyo mifuka yose cyangwa ibindi bifunzwemo ibishingwe bya asbestos bigomba kuba bishyizwe ahantu hari umutekano.
Amahema ya
plastic
Ibitambaro byo
guhanagura
Umufuka ufite urupfundikiriro urimo ibishingwe
Umufuka wa 1
Umufuka wa 2
3‐ LES EPI ‐ IBIKORESHO BYO KWIRINDA
1. Umwambaro 2.inkweto 3. Gants 4. masque wo kwirinda ipfuka amazuru
• Ibikoresho byo kwirinda ku muntu umwe
Gukuraho ibikoresho birinda umuntu bikorwa nyuma yo gukora isuku no gushyira mu mifuka (cyangwa mu bindi bibika ibishingwe). Ibyo bikorwa mu buryo bukurikira:
1. Umwambaro 2.inkweto 3. Gants 4. masque wo kwirinda ipfuka amazuru
‐
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‐ Kuva mu gace kakorewemo ibikorwa Iyo imirimo yose irangiye neza, abakoze imirimo bashobora kuva aho yakorewe batwaye ibikoresho byose bakanakuraho ibyapa bari bashyizeho.
4.Isuku yo ku mubiri
• Ni ngombwa kwiyuhagira ibiganza, mu maso no ku ijosi
• Ni byiza kurushaho, koga umubiri wose bidatinze
• Ni ngombwa gufura umyenda y’akazi 5.Gukuraho ibishingwe Ibishingwe birimo asbestos bishobora kubangamira ubuzima bw’abakozi babyikorera/babitwara
Kandi banabikorakora, ndetse no ku bidukikje mu gihe byaba bishyizwe ahantu hasanzwe hajugunywa imyanda.
Ni ngombwa kwikorera ibyo bishingwe mu buryo bwitondewe bigatabwa cyangwa bigatwikwa mu buryo bukurikije amabwiriza arengera ibidukikije. Kwikorera ibyo bishingwe bigomba gukorwa mu buryo bitarekura imikungugu n’utudodo mu mwuka abantu bahumeka. Ni ngombwa rero kubyikorera bifunze muri za conteneurs zifunze cyane cyangwa mu mifuka itava kandi ikomeye kugirango ubuvungukira ntibugende bunyanyagira mu mihanda.
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‐ Kuva mu gace kakorewemo ibikorwa Iyo imirimo yose irangiye neza, abakoze imirimo bashobora kuva aho yakorewe batwaye ibikoresho byose bakanakuraho ibyapa bari bashyizeho.
4.Isuku yo ku mubiri
• Ni ngombwa kwiyuhagira ibiganza, mu maso no ku ijosi
• Ni byiza kurushaho, koga umubiri wose bidatinze
• Ni ngombwa gufura umyenda y’akazi 5.Gukuraho ibishingwe Ibishingwe birimo asbestos bishobora kubangamira ubuzima bw’abakozi babyikorera/babitwara
Kandi banabikorakora, ndetse no ku bidukikje mu gihe byaba bishyizwe ahantu hasanzwe hajugunywa imyanda.
Ni ngombwa kwikorera ibyo bishingwe mu buryo bwitondewe bigatabwa cyangwa bigatwikwa mu buryo bukurikije amabwiriza arengera ibidukikije. Kwikorera ibyo bishingwe bigomba gukorwa mu buryo bitarekura imikungugu n’utudodo mu mwuka abantu bahumeka. Ni ngombwa rero kubyikorera bifunze muri za conteneurs zifunze cyane cyangwa mu mifuka itava kandi ikomeye kugirango ubuvungukira ntibugende bunyanyagira mu mihanda.
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