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Energy Technology Department, Aalborg University
Zhe CHEN Professor, PhD
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://homes.et.aau.dk/zch
Group website: http://homes.et.aau.dk/zch/group.htm
http://www.et.aau.dk
Research and Development
Activities in Wind Power
“DANISH WIND DAY”
@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS
Contents
•Research and Developments in Wind Power
•Wind Power Research Activities at ET-AAU
“DANISH WIND DAY”
@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS
Rotor Gearbox Generator Power electronics Transformer Grid
Mechanical Energy
Electrical Energy
Control System
Wind Energy
Wind Turbine Systems
Challenges and Developments
• High efficiency,
• High reliability,
• High functionality,
• Low system cost.
“DANISH WIND DAY”
@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS
Wind Farms
Challenges and Developments “DANISH WIND DAY”
@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS
• High efficiency,
• High reliability,
• High functionality,
• Low system cost.
Wind power station
p(t) variable p(t) fixed p(t) variable
Energy storage
Power Station
Load centre
Large Scale Wind Power in Power Systems
•Power Quality in grid
•Transient stability
•Network planning methods
•Transmission, HVDC control
•Fault ride through and system protection
“DANISH WIND DAY”
@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS Challenges and Developments
Wind Power Research Activities
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Research Activities at ET-AAU
Generators for Wind Turbines
•FEM Analyse
•Advanced Optimal Design
•Power Electronic/Machine
interaction
•New types of Generators
•Optimization of medium speed
PM generators for wind turbines
•Optimization and site matching
of wind power generator systems
System cost
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Wind Power Research Activities
(EU FP6 UPWIND)
7
Optimisation of Gear Ratio
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
The possible
ranges of gearbox
ratio and power
levels of wind
generators have
been investigated
Characteristics of the optimized 1MW PM generator system
The system cost and efficiency decrease with the gear ratio increases
The total weight of the system also reduce with the gear ratio increases
The maximum annual energy per generator cost (AEOPC) can be found.
Wind Power Research Activities
8
1.Stator core -12
2.Phase coil
3.Assistant coil
4.Rotor core - 10
5.Shaft
6.Rotor core base
7.Rotor frame
Configuration of the EASRG
Excitation assistance switched reluctance generator (DSF-10-094560)
Rotor & end cover Stator module
Prototype of the EASRG
Advantages
• Modular design (easy for manufacture
and replacement)
• Simple and robust structure
• High reliability
• Good fault tolerant ability
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Wind Power Research Activities
9
10
•Power electronic interface for wind turbines
•Optimized design of power electronic system
•Wind turbine control with Power electronics
•Modelling and simulation
Power Electronics for Wind Turbine Systems
GridfL
fC
dampR
mL dcV fL
fC
dampR
mRGearbox
Wind turbine
Back-to-back
converter
Transformer
Induction
generator
AC0R 0X
3
2L 3L-NPC 3L-FLC0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Pow
er
loss d
istr
ibution o
fgrid-s
ide c
onvert
er
(W)
On-state loss of IGBT
Switching loss of IGBT
On-state loss of FRD
Recovery loss of FRD
Dn
S4
S3
S2S1
Grid-side power loss distribution
2L 3L-NPC 3L-FLC0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Pow
er
loss d
istr
ibution o
fgenera
tor-
sid
e c
onvert
ers
(W
)
On-state loss of IGBT
Switching loss of IGBT
On-state loss of FRD
Recovery loss of FRD
Dn
S4
S3S2
S1
Generator-side power loss distribution
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Wind Power Research Activities
Control
to balance capacitor voltage
to eliminating voltage ripple
Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)
Features
Modular structure
High voltage and power
application
Cell11
Cell12
Cell1n
Cell31
Cell32
Cell3n
Vdc
idc
ia
ib
Ls
Ls
Ls
Ls
iua iub
ila ilb
uua
ucau_1
ucau_2
ucau_n
ucbu_1
ucbu_2
ucbu_n
Cell21
Cell22
Cell2n
ucal_1
ucal_2
ucal_n
Cell41
Cell42
Cell4n
ucbl_1
ucbl_2
ucbl_n
arm1
a
b
Cell51
Cell52
Cell5n
ic
Ls
Ls
iuc
ilc
uccu_1
uccu_2
uccu_n
Cell61
Cell62
Cell6n
uccl_1
uccl_2
uccl_n
c
RfLf ea
eb
ec
o
SMua_1
SMua_n
SMua_2
SMla_1
SMla_n
SMla_2
SMub_1
SMub_n
SMub_2
SMuc_1
SMuc_n
SMuc_2
SMlb_1
SMlb_n
SMlb_2
SMlc_1
SMlc_n
SMlc_2
+
-
arm3
+
-
uub
ula
+
-
ulb
+
-
ulc
+
-
uuc
+
-
arm5
arm2 arm4 arm6
s1
s2
Vc
Vsm
+
+
-
Csm
ucal1~ucal4
ia ib ic
Wind Power Research Activities
11
12
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Research Activities at ET-AAU
Dual Full-Bridge Zero Current Switching (DFBZCS)
Converter and its Control
FBCCM FBDCM DFBZCS
Average Power Losses (MW) 1.063 1.767 0.504
Required Filter Inductance (mH) 17.0 3.3 1.8
(DSF 10-094560)
Patented by Aalborg University
Design and Control for A DC-Grid Offshore
Wind Farm
onshoreoffshore
GridHVDC
T
offshore converter
onshore converter
G G
G G
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Features
• DC/DC converters
• VSC HVDC protection
• VSC HVDC redundant operation
Wind Power Research Activities
13
Dynamic Wind Turbine Model - from wind to grid
(DSF-09-071588)
Power Grid
Mechanical Generator
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Wind Power Research Activities
14
Individual Pitch Control
• To mitigate the loads and fatigue of HAWTs under balanced and imbalanced
conditions respectively.
• To mitigate the wind turbine output power oscillation (flicker) caused by 3p
effect (wind shear, tower shadow, etc.)
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
CPC PI IPC0
200
400
600
800
Dam
age e
quiv
ale
nt
load (
kN
m)
Yaw moment
Tilt moment
Blade root bending moment
S-N slope = 4
CPC PI IPC0
200
400
600
800
1000
Dam
age e
quiv
ale
nt
load (
kN
m)
Tilt moment
Yaw moment
Blade root bending moment
S-N slope = 10
Wind Power Research Activities
15
• Time domain simulation validation
•
Kp4=0.01, unstable
Kp4=0.55, stable
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Small signal stability analysis
based control system design
Wind Power Research Activities
16
Wind Turbine Power Quality
Flicker Mitigation with a control approach
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Flicker Mitigation with reactive power control
3-blade
turbine
GearboxTransformer
2.5MVA
G
Z ZthEth=11kV
2 1Wind
DFIG
Capacitor
PWM
converter
PWM
converter Wind
turbine
PCC
4.63,20,1.0 kSCRIn
Wind Power Research Activities
17
System Optimal Design
Capacity algorithm
Constraints
Capacity
Offshore Wind Farm
Transmission
system
Collection
system
Optimization of
electrical system
Optimal Design of
the electrical system
Equipments Market
Datasheet
Wind speed data,
distance to shore
Star
DC
WT
WT
Rectifier
DC/DC
Cluster
Rectifier
Star
DC
WT
WT
Rectifier DC/DC
DC/DC
Cluster
DC/DC
Cluster
DC/DC
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Wind Power Research Activities
18
Wind Farm System Optimal Design and Control
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Wind Power Research Activities
19
5%
10%
15%
20%
WEST EAST
SOUTH
NORTH
0 - 0.1
0.1 - 0.2
0.2 - 0.3
0.3 - 0.4
0.4 - 0.5
0.5 - 0.6
0.6 - 0.7
Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Wind Power Research Activities
20
Incipient Stator Insulation Fault Detection of
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind Generators
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-2000
0
2000
A5(A
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-500
0
500
D5(A
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-500
0
500
D4(A
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-500
0
500
D3(A
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-200
0
200
D2(A
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-100
0
100
D1(A
)
Time(s)
(a) (b)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-5000
0
5000
IMF
1(A
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-5000
0
5000
IMF
2(A
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-5000
0
5000
IMF
3(A
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-5000
0
5000
IMF
4(A
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-2000
0
2000
IMF
5(A
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4-100
-50
0
Res(A
)
Time(s)
The comparison of Discrete wavelet transform
and Hilbert-Huang Transformation on inter-turn
fault detection of PMSG
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
• Based on Hilbert-Huang Transformation (HHT)
• The capability to detect the inter-turn short circuit fault at the minimum severity degree of
0.1488% is much better than the best record (2.78%) in the literature
Condition Monitoring
Fault Detection
Wind Turbine
Fault Diagnosis/Prognosis
Generator
Health Status Prediction
Maintenance Scheduling
Design Improvement
Reliability Evaluation
Fault Analysis and Simulation
Wind Power Research Activities
21
Wind Power in Electricity Market
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
Wind Power Research Activities
Domestic loads
Industrial loads
City loads
Wind
farms
CHP plant
Systems with High Level Integration of Renewable
Generation Unit (DSF 2104-05-0043)
1) WT power factor setting for minimizing losses,
2) short-term distribution system planning,
3) cable selection for wind farm network,
4) wind turbine capacity and energy curtailment,
5) frequency deviation analysis.
Wind power: limited autoregressive
integrated moving average (LARIMA) model
CHP generation: discrete Markov model
with multiple transition matrices
Load seasonal autoregressive moving
average (ARMA) model
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected] 23
Wind Power Research Activities
Oscillation Performance and Wide-area Coordination
Control of Power System with Large-scale Wind Farms
•Study the influence of wind
farm integration on power
system oscillation
• Design a wide-area
damping control strategy,
coordinating PSS, FACTS
damping controller and wind
farm damping controller
Gen 1
Area 2
Area 1 Area 3
Gen 2
Gen 3
Gen 4
Gen 5
Gen 6
Gen 7
Gen 8
Gen 10
Gen 9
Bus 1
Bus 2
Bus 30
Bus 37
Bus 25
Bus 18
Bus 17
Bus 27
Bus 26Bus 28
Bus 29
Bus 38
Bus 24
Bus 35
Bus 22Bus 21
Bus 16
Bus 15
Bus 19 Bus 23
Bus 36Bus 33
Bus 34Bus 32
Bus 20
Bus 10
Bus 11
Bus 13
Bus 9
Bus 8
Bus 6
Bus 14Bus 4
Bus 39
Bus 5
Bus 7
Bus 31
Bus 12
Line 27
Line 25 Line 26
Line 31
Lin
e 3
2
Lin
e 3
3
Lin
e 2
8
Lin
e 1
3
Lin
e 1
2
Lin
e 1
1
Lin
e 6
Lin
e 7
Lin
e 4
Lin
e 1
0
Lin
e 2
Lin
e 1
Lin
e 1
9
Lin
e 0
Lin
e 9
Lin
e 2
1
Lin
e 8
Line 20
Line 24
Line 15
Lin
e 1
4L
ine
16
Lin
e 1
7L
ine
18
Lin
e 3
0L
ine
29
Load 25
Bus 3
Load 3
Load 18
Load 4
Load 39
Load 7
Load 8
Load 31
Load 12
Load 19
Load 15
Load 16
Load 21
Load 24
Load 27
Load 28
Load 26 Load 29
Load 23
Lin
e 3
Lin
e 5
Lin
e 2
2L
ine
23
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected] 24
Wind Power Research Activities
Danish Power system Hybrid Dual-infeed HVDC system model
BUS1
BUS2
Grid side
Norway AC
system
CB1 CB2
CB3 CB4
LCC HVDC link
VSC HVDC link
Tie line
G
G
BUS3
BUS4
Shunt
capacitors
Gen1
Gen2
Back to Back
Wind Farm
DC breaker1
DC breaker2
Load1 Load2
Load3 Load4
Research on hybrid multi-in feed HVDC system
with large scale offshore wind farms
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected] 25
Wind Power Research Activities
North Sea Offshore Grid Study
Contact: Professor Z Chen, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, [email protected]
EU-Power Cluster
Supergrid, VSC HVDC
System stability
Economics
Wind Power Research Activities
Thank You !
ET-AAU conducts active research in wind power
with close cooperation with industry, national and
internation research institutions,
ET-AAU welcome to develop international
collaboration.
“DANISH WIND DAY”
@ THE TURKISH WIND ENERGY CONGRESS
Organisation Department of Energy Technology
Strategic Networks: • EMSD • CEES • ECPE • VE-NET • DUWET • WEST • VPP • REN-DK • HUB NORTH • Energy Sponsor Programme
Fluid Power and Mechatronic
Systems
Fluid Mechanics and Combustion
Electric Power Systems
Power Electronic Systems
Electrical Machines
• 60 VIP • 80 PhD • 20 Guest Researchers • 10 Research Assistants • 30 TAP
Lab. Facilities: • Power Electronics Systems • Drive Systems Tests • Fluid Power • Power Systems & RTDS • Micro Grid • High Voltage • DSpace • PV Converter & Systems • Laser Systems • Fuel Cell Systems • Battery Test • EMC • Vehicles Test Lab • Biomass Conversion Facilities • Proto Type Facilities
Thermal Energy Systems
Smart Grids and Active Networks
Wind Power Systems
Fluid Power in Wind and Wave Energy
Biomass
Photovoltaic Systems
Modern Power Transmission Systems
Fuel Cell and Battery Systems
Automotive and Industrial Drives
Efficient and Reliable Power Electronics
Thermoelectrics
Green Buildings
Multi-disciplinary Research Programmes
Microgrids
Energy in Aalborg
Master of Science in Energy Engineering Bachelor of Science in Energy
5th–6th semester 1st–4th semester 1st semester MSc 2nd-4th semester MSc
Power Electronics and Drives (PED)
Electrical Power Systems and High Voltage Engineering (EPSH)
Wind Power Systems (WPS)
Mechatronic Control Engineering (MCE)
Thermal Energy and Process Engineering (TEPE)
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Technology (HYTEC)
Basic courses in math, thermal,
electrical, mechanical,
thermodynamic and control engineering
Specialisation in Electric Energy
Engineering (EEE)
Specialisation in Mechatronic
Control Engineering (MCE)
Specialisation in Thermal
Engineering (TEE)
Specialisation in Electric Energy
Engineering (EEE)
INTRO semester
Specialisation in Mechatronic Control Engineering (MCE)
INTRO semester
Specialisation in Thermal Engineering
(TEE)
INTRO semester
International Students
Master of Science in
Sustainable Energy Engineering Bachelor of Science in Energy
5th–6th semester 1st–4th semester 1st semester MSc 2nd-4th semester MSc
Basic courses in math, thermal,
electrical, mechanical,
thermodynamic and control engineering
Specialisation in Combustion Technology
INTRO semester
Specialisation in Offshore Energy
Systems
INTRO semester
Specialisation in Wind Turbine
Systems
INTRO semester
International Students
Specialisation in Thermal
Processes
Specialisation in Dynamic Systems
Specialisation in Combustion Technology
Specialisation in Offshore Energy
Systems
Specialisation in Wind Turbine
Systems
Energy in Esbjerg