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Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants Used by Folk Medicine Practitioners in the Prevention and Management of Malignant Neoplastic Diseases Md. Nur Kabidul Azam, 1 Md. Mizanur Rahman, 1 Samanta Biswas, 2 and Md. Nasir Ahmed 1 1 Ethnobotany & Ethnomedicine Division, TechB Herbal Solution, Kushtia 7040, Bangladesh 2 Medical College for Women & Hospital (MCW&H), Uttara Model Town, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh Correspondence should be addressed to Md. Nasir Ahmed; [email protected] Received 21 September 2015; Revised 1 December 2015; Accepted 20 December 2015 Academic Editor: Johnson Stanslas Copyright © 2016 Md. Nur Kabidul Azam et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Cancer is a group of diseases which is categorized to differentiate into diverse cell types and move around in the body to sites of organogenesis that is key to the process of tumor genesis. All types of cancer fall into the group of malignant neoplastic diseases. In Bangladesh, cancer is now one of the foremost killer diseases and its personal, social, and economic bearing are huge. Plant- derived natural compounds (vincristine, vinblastine, etoposide, paclitaxel, camptothecin, topotecan, and irinotecan) are useful for the treatment of cancer. Since there is no extensive ethnobotanical research study in Bangladesh regarding the traditional uses of medicinal plants against neoplasms, therefore, a randomized ethnopharmacological surveys were carried out in 3 districts of Bangladesh to learn more about the usage of anticancer medicinal plants and their chemical constituents having antineoplastic activity. Comprehensive interviews were conducted to the folk medicine practitioners and medicinal plants as pointed out by them were photographed, collected, deposited, and identified at the Bangladesh National Herbarium. e various plant parts have been used by the healers which included whole plant, leaves, fruits, barks, roots, and seeds. is study evaluated considerable potential for discovery of novel compounds with less side effects in the management and prevention of malignancy in cancer. 1. Introduction Cancer is defined as an abnormal growth of cells caused by multiple changes in gene expression leading to deregulated balance of cell proliferation and cell death. Cancer is those tumors [1] that have developed the ability to invade the surrounding normal tissues. Cancers are caused by exoge- nous chemical, physical, or biological carcinogens in humans and the mechanisms of carcinogenesis are oſten multifac- torial and complex. Different factors may act by different mechanisms and at different stages of tumor development [2]. A cancerous cell is traveling throughout the body using the blood or lymph systems, destroying healthy tissue in a process called invasion, and that cell manages to make new blood vessels to feed itself in a process called angiogenesis. Tumors may activate angiogenic inhibitors (angiostatin and endo- statin) that can modulate angiogenesis at both the primary site and downstream sites of metastasis [3, 4], when a tumor successfully spreads to other parts of the body using the blood or lymph systems known as metastasis. Cancer is a leading cause of death in the western world. In the United States and a number of European countries, cancer is the second leading destroyer aſter cardiovascular diseases [5]. Cancer can occur at any age and the average age at the time of diagnosis for cancer is 67 years, and about 76% of all cancers are diagnosed at the age of 55 or older. Although cancer is relatively rare in children, it is the second leading cause of death in children ages of 1–14. In this age, leukemia is the most common cause of death. e overall death rates due to cancer have almost tripled since 1930 for men and gone up over 50% for women [6]. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that some 84 million people will die of cancer between 2005 and 2015 around the world. In 2007, there were 7.9 million deaths from cancer, around 13 percent of all deaths. Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Scholarly Research Notices Volume 2016, Article ID 7832120, 12 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7832120

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Page 1: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

Research ArticleAppraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal PlantsUsed by Folk Medicine Practitioners in the Prevention andManagement of Malignant Neoplastic Diseases

Md Nur Kabidul Azam1 Md Mizanur Rahman1 Samanta Biswas2 and Md Nasir Ahmed1

1Ethnobotany amp Ethnomedicine Division TechB Herbal Solution Kushtia 7040 Bangladesh2Medical College for Women amp Hospital (MCWampH) Uttara Model Town Dhaka 1230 Bangladesh

Correspondence should be addressed to Md Nasir Ahmed nasirahmedbdhotmailcom

Received 21 September 2015 Revised 1 December 2015 Accepted 20 December 2015

Academic Editor Johnson Stanslas

Copyright copy 2016 Md Nur Kabidul Azam et alThis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properlycited

Cancer is a group of diseases which is categorized to differentiate into diverse cell types and move around in the body to sites oforganogenesis that is key to the process of tumor genesis All types of cancer fall into the group of malignant neoplastic diseasesIn Bangladesh cancer is now one of the foremost killer diseases and its personal social and economic bearing are huge Plant-derived natural compounds (vincristine vinblastine etoposide paclitaxel camptothecin topotecan and irinotecan) are useful forthe treatment of cancer Since there is no extensive ethnobotanical research study in Bangladesh regarding the traditional usesof medicinal plants against neoplasms therefore a randomized ethnopharmacological surveys were carried out in 3 districts ofBangladesh to learn more about the usage of anticancer medicinal plants and their chemical constituents having antineoplasticactivity Comprehensive interviews were conducted to the folk medicine practitioners and medicinal plants as pointed out by themwere photographed collected deposited and identified at the Bangladesh National Herbarium The various plant parts have beenused by the healers which included whole plant leaves fruits barks roots and seeds This study evaluated considerable potentialfor discovery of novel compounds with less side effects in the management and prevention of malignancy in cancer

1 Introduction

Cancer is defined as an abnormal growth of cells caused bymultiple changes in gene expression leading to deregulatedbalance of cell proliferation and cell death Cancer is thosetumors [1] that have developed the ability to invade thesurrounding normal tissues Cancers are caused by exoge-nous chemical physical or biological carcinogens in humansand the mechanisms of carcinogenesis are often multifac-torial and complex Different factors may act by differentmechanisms and at different stages of tumor development [2]A cancerous cell is traveling throughout the body using theblood or lymph systems destroying healthy tissue in a processcalled invasion and that cell manages to make new bloodvessels to feed itself in a process called angiogenesis Tumorsmay activate angiogenic inhibitors (angiostatin and endo-statin) that can modulate angiogenesis at both the primary

site and downstream sites of metastasis [3 4] when a tumorsuccessfully spreads to other parts of the body using the bloodor lymph systems known as metastasis

Cancer is a leading cause of death in the western world IntheUnited States and a number of European countries canceris the second leading destroyer after cardiovascular diseases[5] Cancer can occur at any age and the average age at thetime of diagnosis for cancer is 67 years and about 76 ofall cancers are diagnosed at the age of 55 or older Althoughcancer is relatively rare in children it is the second leadingcause of death in children ages of 1ndash14 In this age leukemia isthe most common cause of deathThe overall death rates dueto cancer have almost tripled since 1930 for men and gone upover 50 for women [6]WorldHealth Organization (WHO)estimates that some 84 million people will die of cancerbetween 2005 and 2015 around the world In 2007 there were79million deaths fromcancer around 13 percent of all deaths

Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Scholarly Research NoticesVolume 2016 Article ID 7832120 12 pageshttpdxdoiorg10115520167832120

2 International Scholarly Research Notices

11 Cancer Epidemiology in Bangladesh The National Insti-tute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH) started acancer registry in 2005 for the first time in Bangladesh alongwith the World Health Organization (WHO) This reportcovers three years from 2005 to 2007 Data were collectedfrom 24847 cancer patients who appeared in the NICRHfor the first time [7] Among them 10847 (576) weremales Lung cancer was the leading cancer (173) followedby cancers of breast (123) lymph nodes and lymphatics(84) and cervix (84) for sexes combined in all ages Inmalesrsquo lung (255) and in females breast (256) and cer-vical (215) cancers were predominant In children aged 14years or younger lymphoma retinoblastoma osteosarcomaleukemia and kidney cancers were most prevalent Lungcancer in males and cervical and breast cancer in femalesconstitute 38 of all cancers in Bangladesh [7] According tothe WHO data published in April 2011 oral cancer deaths inBangladesh reached 11562 or 121 of total deaths The ageadjusted death rate is 1252 per 100000 of population rankingBangladesh 4 in the world There are more than one million(10 lakh) cancer patients in Bangladesh while approximately200000 new patients mostly women are added every yearcreating a social burden on the country [8 9]

Various plants have been used against cancer and tumorin traditional medicine system of Bangladesh since manyyears Traditional medicinal knowledge has been a meanstowards the discovery of many modern medicines [10] Tra-ditionalmedicine is practiced in Bangladesh by folkmedicinepractitioners also known as Kabirajes who utilize variousformulations of medicinal plants in most of their prepara-tionsWe have observed that theKabirajes of various districtsand areas use diverse varieties of plants for the treatmentof schizophrenia and psychotic problems [11] cardiovascularproblems [12] eye infections [13] snakebite [14] diabetes[15] gastrointestinal disorders [16 17] HIVAIDS relatedinfections [18] rheumatoid arthritis [19] cattle diseases [20]and so on

It was objective of the present study to conduct a ran-domized ethnopharmacological survey to learn more aboutthe medicinal plants used by folk medicine practitionersof Bangladesh for the treatment of cancer and also to docomprehensive study on several published articles attributedto the in vivo or in vitro anticancer properties of these speciesThe anticipation was that the medicinal plants used by theKabirajes can prove to be a useful source for further scientificstudies leading to discoveringmore efficacious antineoplasticdrugs

2 Methodology

21 Geographical Location of the Survey Area The presentrandomized surveys were carried out between October 2013and March 2014 among the Kabirajes of three districts ofBangladesh namely Jessore Khulna and Narail Jessoredistrict geographically is in the southwestern region ofBangladesh It is located at 23∘101015840010158401015840 North 89∘131015840010158401015840 Eastbordered by Khulna and Satkhira district to the south Indiato the west Magura and Narail district to the east andJhenaidah district to the north Khulna and Narail district

geographically coordinate at 22∘481015840010158401015840 North 89∘331015840010158401015840 and23∘101015840010158401015840 North 89∘301015840010158401015840 East respectively These threedistricts (Figure 1) are a part of Khulna division

The surveys were conducted with the help of a semistruc-tured questionnaire and the guided field-walk method [2122] A total of 5 Kabirajes (36ndash60 years) were interviewedduring the surveys Kabirajes were asked whether they knowabout cancer and whether they treat the cancer on a regularbasis Kabirajes were selected based on their confirmatoryanswer to both questionsTheKabirajesmentioned the plantswith which they treated cancer and took the interviewers tospots from where they collected the plants All interviewswere conducted in the Bangla language The plants wereshown along with providing of local names and the partsused Plant specimens were collected and dried in the fieldand later brought back to Dhaka for complete identificationat the Bangladesh National Herbarium Nomenclature ofthe identified species was documented from the plant listdatabase [httpwwwtheplantlistorg]

3 Results

A total of 20 plant species were obtained from the Kabirajesof the three districts surveyed The results are summarizedin Table 1 These plant species are wild and belonged to17 families The Acanthaceae Cucurbitaceae and Fabaceaefamily contributed two plants each the rest of the familiescontributed one plant each Whole plant as well as plantparts like leaves barks roots fruits and seeds was used forpreparing medicine Leaves constituted the major plant partused forming 406 of total uses Roots fruits and seedseach constituted accordingly 156 125 and 94 of totaluses The other plant parts (whole plant stem bark flowerand tuber) mentioned constituted respectively 94 and 31of total uses (Figure 2)

31 Types of Cancer Among developed countries the inci-dence and mortality rates for various cancers are almost thesame Lung cancer is the most common cancer among menin both developing and developed countries of the worldand breast cancer is the most common cancer in womenAnnually the global death rate for cancer is estimated to bemore than 6 million people and over 22 million individualshave been diagnosed with cancer worldwide [23] Table 2 haslisted the types of cancer

4 Discussion

Many developing countries have intensified their efforts indocumenting the ethnomedical data and scientific literatureon medicinal plants In 2000 natural product derivativeswere involved in 14 of the top 35 drugs based on worldwidesales [24] Cancer chemoprevention with phytochemicalcompounds is a developing plot [25] Medicinal plants havebeen used for cancer treatment in many countries of theworld from a prolonged period of time [26 27] and the treat-ment or prevention is attributed to their safety low cost andoral bioavailability as well natural plant derivatives claimedextensive scientific screening and clinical experiments for

International Scholarly Research Notices 3

(a)

(km)55 0 10

(b)

4 84 0(km)

(c)

2 2 4 60(km)

(d)

Figure 1 (a) Map of Bangladesh showing survey area with square shade (b) Khulna district (c) Jessore District and (d) Narail District

the development of anticancer drugs [28] Over 3000 plantsspecies have been reported to have anticancer properties [29]and about 35000 plant samples from 20 countries have beencollected and around 114000 extracts were screened againsttumor systems used as a primary screen [30] Clinically activeantineoplastic agents should be able to prolong the survivaland decrease the leukocyte count of blood of tumor-bearinganimals [31] Examples of some well-known plant-derivedantineoplastic lead compounds along with their specificmechanism of actions are summarized in Table 3

41 Appraisement of Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants Used bythe Folk Medicine Practitioners for Antineoplastic PropertiesSecondary metabolites are compounds belonging to variedchemical groups that exert biological activities both on

human and animal cells Products of secondary metabo-lites are the main phytochemical constituents with variouspharmaceutical properties serving either as protective agentsagainst various pathogens or growth regulatory moleculesThese physiological functions are the effects on cancer cellsor tumor development inhibition Plant-derived commercialanticancer drugs (vinblastine and vincristine from Catha-ranthus roseus) are still produced by isolation from growingplants [32] In Table 4 we have listed some reported plant-derived chemical compounds from the antineoplastic plantsused by the Bangladeshi folk health practitioners in thetreatment of cancer

42 Abelmoschus moschatus (Musk Mallow) Hydroalcoholicseed and leaf extracts of Abelmoschus moschatus exhibited

4 International Scholarly Research Notices

Table 1 Medicinal plants used by the folk medicine practitioners in three districts of Bangladesh for prevention and management ofmalignancy in cancer

Serial number Botanic name Family name Vernacular name Part(s) utilized1 Acanthus ilicifolius L Acanthaceae Harjora Leaf2 Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach) Heine Acanthaceae Makhna Leaf3 Borassus flabellifer L Arecaceae Tal Root fruit4 Aristolochia indica L Aristolochiaceae Ichamul Leaf5 Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC ex DC Asteraceae Shadhi Whole plant6 Cannabis sativa L Cannabaceae Bhang Leaf root7 Blumea lacera (Burm f) DC Compositae Kukurshunga Leaf8 Trichosanthes kirilowii (Maxim) Kuntze Cucurbitaceae Lotaakal Whole plant9 Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Cucurbitaceae Kumra Leaf stem and fruit10 Dillenia indica L Dilleniaceae Chalta Leaf fruit11 Dioscorea bulbifera L Dioscoreaceae Lota-bori Root fruit12 Erythrina variegata L Fabaceae Mandar gach Leaf13 Sesbania sesban (L) Merr Fabaceae Dhoinche Leaf bark flower and seed14 Abelmoschus moschatusMedik Malvaceae Lota koshturi Leaf seed15 Moringa oleifera Lam Moringaceae Shajna Leaf16 Nymphaea nouchali Burm f Nymphaeaceae Shapla Tuber root17 Persicaria hydropiper (L) Delarbre Polygonaceae Bishalo-pata Leaf seed18 Murraya paniculata (L) Jack Rutaceae Kamini gach Leaf19 Veronica officinalis L Scrophulariaceae Chapta-pata Whole plant20 Clerodendrum inerme (L) Gaertn Verbenaceae Jongli jui Root

Bark 310Stem

Tuber 310

Flower 310

Leaf 4060

Root

Fruit 1250Seed 940

Whole plant

Other

940

1560

310

930

Figure 2 Percentage of plant parts used by the traditional medicinepractitioners in the prevention and management of cancer

antiproliferative activity against colorectal adenocarcinomaand retinoblastoma human cancer cell lines [33]

43 Acanthus ilicifolius (HollyMangrove) The ethanol leavesrsquoextract of the plant was found [34] to be cytotoxic towardslung fibroblast cells in MTT assay Another study [35]reported that the plant extract has been shown to pre-vent DNA alterations in a transplantable Ehrlich Ascitescarcinoma-bearing murine model and in enlargement of thesurvival of the animals against the proliferation of ascitestumor Ethyl acetate extract of the whole plant of A ilicifoliushas a potential cytotoxic activity on HeLa cell and KB celllines by comet assay [36] Active compounds of A ilicifoliusflower play a role in killing Artemia salina nauplii and can

Table 2 List of cancer types [23]

Lung cancer Breast cancerColorectal cancer Liver cancer

Pancreatic cancerCancers of the female reproductive tract(cervical cancer endometrial cancerand ovarian cancer)

Prostate cancer Urinary bladder cancerLymphoma LeukemiaSkin cancer Cancer of the central nervous system

be considered as potential cytotoxic agents as well as futurecandidate for cancer therapy [37]

44 Aristolochia indica (Indian Birthwort) The cytotoxicityand antitumor activity of the chloroform extracts of Aris-tolochia indica were assessed in human breast cancer cellline by MTT assay using taxol as standard and showedpronounced anticancer activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carci-noma cell line [38 39] Aristoloside compound was reportedto inhibit carcinogenesis [40] Aristolochic acid was reportedto possess various biological activities including antiadeno-carcinoma antineoplastic [41] and antitumor activities [42]

45 Borassus flabellifer (Asian Palmyra Palm) Dammaranetriterpenoid 1 isolated from Borassus flabellifer seed coatinhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572 and showed good antiprolif-erative activity against pancreatic cancer cell line Apoptosis

International Scholarly Research Notices 5

Table 3 List of some plant-derived antineoplastic lead compounds currently in use and currently in clinical trials [81 82]

Source of plant Specific mechanism of actions of the lead compoundsAntineoplastic lead compounds currentlyin use

Vinblastine Vincristine Catharanthus roseus Bind to the microtubulin site in the 120573-subunit and disrupt theassembly of microtubules in mitosis [83]

Taxol Taxus brevifoliaBinds to the taxane site as a microtubule stabilizer and interferingwith the normal breakdown of microtubules during cell division[84]

Etoposide Podophyllum peltatum Binds to tubulin and interferes with the formation of spindles inmitosis [85]

Camptothecin irinotecan andtopotecan Camptotheca acuminata

Arrest the cell cycle at the S-phase by inhibiting the activity oftopoisomerase I leading to the inhibition of DNA replication andtranscription [86 87]

Antineoplastic lead compounds currentlyin clinical trials

Homoharringtonine Harringtoniacephalotaxus

Inhibits protein synthesis and blocking cell-cycle progression [88]promotes apoptosis and inhibits protein synthesis at the ribosomallevel [89 90]

Curcumin Curcuma longa

Induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of a variety ofmalignant cells and is involved in the regulation of combinedsignaling pathways at multiple levels by acting on various targetsincluding modulation of gene transcription factors (NF120581B p53and AP-1) growth factors and their receptors (PDGF EGF andVEGF) cell surface adhesion molecules (E-cadherin 120573-cadenin)and protein kinases (CDKs EGFR PKC and p38 MAPK) [91 92]

ResveratrolVitis vinifera Morusalba and Arachishypogaea

Inhibits the growth of cancer cells and induces apoptosis by actingat multiple cellular targets including activation of p53 inhibiting10 otulins 10 genases and cytochrome P450 enzymes andactivating AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) [93ndash95]

Flavopiridol Amoora rohituka

Exhibits apoptosis induction [96] inhibits the activity ofcyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) by competing with ATP at theirnucleotide binding sites and causes cell cycle arrest at either the G1or G1M phases [97]

inducing activity was confirmed based on increased sub-G0 phase cell population in cell cycle analysis loss of mito-chondrial membrane potential elevated levels of cytochromec nuclear morphological changes and DNA fragmentationin MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells [43] B flabelliferseed coat extracts were screened in another study [44] fortheir possible anticancer activity on growth of the HeLacells and these preliminary studies indicated that even thelower concentrations of plant extract showed significantantiproliferative activity

46 Blumea lacera (Blumea) There is an in vitro study [45]that showed that Blumea lacera exhibited broad spectrumantileukemic activity against K562 L1210 P3HR1 and U937leukemia cells Methanolic extract of B lacera leaves has alsoshowed cytotoxic activity against human gastric adenocarci-noma cell line human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lineand human breast ductal carcinoma cell line [46]

47 Cannabis sativa (Hemp) The interest in anticarcinogenicproperties of cannabinoidswas renewed after the discovery ofthe endocannabinoid system [47] The administration of Δ9-THCΔ8-THC and cannabinol inhibited the growth of Lewis

lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro as well as in vivo after oraladministration in mice [48] Antitumorigenic mechanismsof cannabinoids are showing their ability to interfere withtumor neovascularization cancer cell migration adhesioninvasion and metastasis [49] The mechanism of cannabi-noidsrsquo anticancer action depends on the ability of their agentsto stimulate autophagy-mediated apoptotic cancer cell deaththus cannabinoid action helps in cancer cell death impairstumor angiogenesis and blocks invasion and metastasis [50]and cannabinoids are currently also being tested as anticanceragents in phase III clinical studies [51]

48 Cucurbita maxima (Pumpkin) Methanol extract ofCucurbita maxima aerial parts has been performed againstEhrlich Ascites Carcinoma model in mice by Saha et al[52] for the antitumor activity and the results revealed thatC maxima possesses significant anticancer activity whichmay be due to its cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties L-asparaginase is an antineoplastic agent identified from fruitof C maxima used for treatment of a type of cancer that isacute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkinrsquos lymphoma[53] as well as being experimentally used as an anticanceragent in human patients [54 55]

6 International Scholarly Research Notices

Table4Listof

repo

rted

phytochemicalsfrom

Bang

ladeshiantineoplastic

plantsused

byfolkmedicinep

ractition

ers

Seria

lnum

ber

Plantsou

rce

Phytochemicalconstituents

Reference

1Ab

elmoschus

moschatus

Urid

ine(1-[(3R4S5R)-34-dihydroxy-5-

(hydroxymethyl)o

xolan-2-yl]pyrim

idine-

24-dion

e)n

-tridecaneiso

pentyl2-methylbutanoateand

decanal

[9899]

2Ac

anthus

ilicifolius

Flavon

oidsglycosid

essapon

insste

roidsandtann

inslupeol120572

-amyrinolcanolicacid

andursolic

acidssapo

ninand

triterpenoidsapo

nin

steroids(stigmasterolcampeste

rolandsitosterol)

alkaloids(acanthicifo

linea

ndbenzoxazinium)

andph

enolics(acanfolio

sideilicifolio

sideacteosideverbascosid

eandapigenin)

[100ndash104]

3Ar

istolochiaindica

Aris

tolochicacidflavon

oidstanninsglycosid

espheno

landsapo

nins

[38105]

4Blum

ealacera

Thym

oquino

ldim

ethyl120573-caryoph

yllene120572

-hum

uleneandE-120573-fa

rnesene5-hydroxy-36731015840

41015840

-pentametho

xyflavone

53101584041015840

-trihydroxy

flavone

[46106]

5Bo

rassu

sflabellifer

Dam

maranetriterpeno

idresorcino

lph

enolpentano

icacidglycerin

10-un

decenyleste

roctadecano

icacidand

n-hexadecano

icacid

[43107]

6Ca

nnabissativa

Cann

abinoidsΔ

9-TH

CΔ8-TH

C[48108]

7Clerodendrum

inerme

Neocle

rodane

diterpenoids

(inermes

AB

and1415

-dihydro-15120573

-metho

xy-3-epicaryop

tin)megastig

maneg

lycosid

esand

irido

idglycoside

[109110]

8Cu

curbita

maxim

aCa

rboh

ydratesalkaloidsglycosidestanninsflavon

oidsand

sapo

nins

steroidsL-asparaginaseglutamicacidcalcium

andresin

and120573-carotenelycopeneand

lutein

[53111ndash113]

9Dilleniaindica

Dihydroiso

rham

netin

dillenetintannin

betunaldehydebetulin

icacidrhamnetin

dihydroiso

rham

netin

lup

eol

myricetinn

aringenin

quercetin

andkaem

pferolglucosideandstigmasterol

[114115]

10Dioscorea

bulbifera

Kaem

pferol-35-dim

ethylethercaryatin

(L)-catechin

myricetinquercetin-3-O

-galactopyrano

side

myricetin-3-O

-galactopyrano

sidemyricetin-3-O

-glucopyrano

sideanddiosbu

lbin

B[116]

11Em

iliasonchifolia

Beta-sito

sterolstigmasterolpalm

itica

cidandho

neyacid

[117]

12Erythrinavarie

gata

Lectinisoflavonesalkaloidsflavono

idspterocarpanstriterpenesste

roidsalkyltransferulatesproteinslecithin

1011-dioxoerythratidineandcrystagallinA

[65118

ndash120]

13Hygrophila

auric

ulata

Flavon

oids

andpo

lyph

enolsapigenin

7-O-glucuronide

alkaloids(asteracanthine

andasteracanthicine)triterpenes

(lupeol

hydrocarbo

nhentria

contane13

otulinluteolin

and

luteolin-7-O

-rutinoside)alip

hatic

esters(25-oxo-hentria

contyl

acetatemethyl8-nhexyltetracosanoate)andste

rols(stig

masterol)

[121ndash126]

14Moringa

oleifera

Flavon

oidpigm

ents(kaempferolrhamnetin

isoqu

ercitrinand

kaem

pferitrin)glycosidec

ompo

undsglucosin

olatesand

isothiocyanatesbeta-sitosterolglycerol-1-(9-octadecanoate)3-O-(61015840-O

-oleoyl-b

eta-D-glucopyrano

syl)

beta-sito

sterol

andbeta-sito

sterol-3

-O-beta-D-glucopyrano

side

[127128]

15Murraya

paniculata

Cou

marins(7-metho

xy-8-(3-methyl-2

-oxobu

toxy)-2H

-chrom

en-2-oneumbelliferoneand

scop

olin)indo

lealkaloids

(murrayacarin

eand

murrayaculatine)

[129ndash132]

16Ny

mphaeanouchali

Protein

carboh

ydratereducingsugarglycosidespheno

ltann

inflavon

essapon

insteroidalkaloidanthraqu

inon

equ

inon

eandlectin

[133134]

17Persica

riahydropiper

Apigenin-7-O

-glucosid

ecatechinepicatechinhyperinisoqu

ercitrinkaempferolkaempferolrutin

osidequ

ercitrin

persicarinrhamnetin

polygon

icacidpolygod

ialacetal

[135]

18Sesbaniasesban

Oleanolicacidstig

mastane-524(28)-diene-3120573

-O-120573-D

-galactopyrano

sidegalactom

annan

phenolsflavono

idsa

ndanthocyaninsand

sapo

nin

[136ndash138]

19Trich

osantheskirilow

iiCu

curbita

cinB

cucurbita

cinD41015840

6-dihydroxy-4-m

etho

xyiso

aurone

[77139140]

20Veronica

officin

alis

Terpeneseste

rssteroids(ste

rolsandste

renes)p-hydroxyph

enylethylalco

holmaltolandlolio

lide120573-sito

sterol

120572-lino

lenica

ndlin

oleica

cidandirido

idglucoside

[141142]

International Scholarly Research Notices 7

49 Dillenia indica (Elephant Apple) Leaf powder ofDilleniaindica is given in treatment of breast cancer [56] Themethanolic extract ofD indica has been found to have signifi-cant antileukemic activity in human leukemic cell lines U937HL60 and K562 [57] Methanolic extracts of betulinic acidwere prepared from theD indica fruits inducing apoptosis inHT-29 cells via mitochondrial dependent pathway and prov-ing to be a potential therapeutic agent for colon cancer [58]

410 Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato) Petroleum ether frac-tion of the plant showed potential effects against HepAwith microstructure abnormality of HepA cells surface [59]Immune system modulation might be related to antitumoreffects of D bulbifera rhizome as reported in S180 and H22tumor cells bearing mice [60]

411 Emilia sonchifolia (Lilac Tasselflower) The aqueousand methanolic extracts of the leaves of Emilia sonchifoliagradually exhibit antitumor activities [61] The n-hexaneextract of E sonchifolia has anticancer effect and is richin terpenoids [62] and terpenoids were evaluated for theirpotential antineoplastic activity in various human cancer celllines such as gastric pancreatic and colon carcinomas [63]

412 Erythrina variegata (Tigerrsquos Claw) Steroid derived fromthe stem bark and the leaves of Erythrina variegata showedanticancer activity against in vitro breast cancer cell T47D[64] Alkaloids (1011-dioxoerythratidine and crystagallin A)extracted from the leaves and stem bark of E variegataplant strongly stated in vitro anticancer activity against breastcancer T47D cell lines in vitro using the Sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay [65]

413 Hygrophila auriculata (Marsh Barbel) The effect ofH auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma inrats [66] The aqueous seed extract from H auriculatadisplayed selective cancer cell cytotoxicity with an IC50 valueof 022mgmLminus1 against colon cancer cells [67] In vitro studyof H auriculata extracts has reported antitumor and NF120581Binhibition [68] Ahmad et al reported antitumor activityfromplant extract against chemically induced hepatocarcino-genesis in Wister rats [69]

414 Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree) A hydroalcoholicextract ofMoringa oleifera study revealed possible chemopre-ventive potential against chemical carcinogenesis [70]Differ-ent leaf extracts ofM oleifera produced significant cytotoxiceffects on human multiple myeloma cultured cell lines [71]A study [72] showed that leaves extract ofM oleifera can sig-nificantly obstruct the growth of cultured human pancreaticcarcinoma cells by inhibiting the NF-120581B signaling pathwayMost of the anticancer studies ofM oleifera have not focusedon the molecular basis of the tumor-suppressive activity butstrongly suggested that it could potentially be a supremeanticancer candidate specific to cancer cells [73 74]

415 Nymphaea nouchali (Blue Water Lily) The methanolicextract of Nymphaea nouchali roots has showed inhibitoryactivity towards tumor promoter in the Raji cells [75]

416 Persicaria hydropiper (Water Pepper) In vitro antiprolif-erative activity of Polygonum hydropiper (synonymy) extractswas evaluated against cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma skinepidermoid carcinoma and breast epithelial adenocarcinomacells and the results confirmed substantial cell growthinhibitory activity against one or more cell lines [76]

417 Trichosanthes kirilowii (Chinese Cucumber) A triter-penoid compound named cucurbitacin B isolated from Tri-chosanthes kirilowii showed the potent inhibitory activityagainst HIF-1 activation induced by hypoxia in varioushuman cancer cell lines In vivo studies confirmed the inhibi-tory effect of cucurbitacin B on the expression of HIF-1120572proteins leading to a decrease growth of HeLa cells in axenograft tumor model [77] Cucurbitacin D isolated fromthe plant has also been shown to suppress proliferation ofHT-29 human colon cancer cells [78] and the compound could bepotent therapeutic agent for breast cancer by blocking tumorcell proliferation and inducing apoptosis through suppressionof STAT3 activity [79] and it could also induce apoptosis inhuman hepatocellular carcinoma cells [80]

5 Conclusions

Among twenty plant species four of the species used byfolk medicine practitioners have no strong published dataregarding anticancer or cytotoxic activities These 4 speciesareC inermeM paniculata S sesban andV officinalis Fromjust a brief survey of the literature it appears that the rest ofthe sixteen plants used by the Kabirajes in three districts ofBangladesh present considerable potential in the treatmentof cancer Further scientific studies need to be conducted onthese plants towards discovery of lead compounds whichcan lead to formulation of new drugs for the prevention andmanagement ofmalignant neoplastic diseases with giving lessor no side effects

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare they have no competing interests

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank all the medicine practitioners forproviding useful information regarding cancer treatment

References

[1] B Vogelstein and K W Kinzler The Genetic Basis of HumanCancer McGraw-Hill New York NY USA 2nd edition 2002

[2] W Schulz Molecular Biology of Human Cancers An AdvancedStudentrsquos Textbook Springer DordrechtThe Netherlands 2007

[3] B R Zetter ldquoAngiogenesis and tumor metastasisrdquo AnnualReview of Medicine vol 49 pp 407ndash424 1998

8 International Scholarly Research Notices

[4] J Folkman ldquoRole of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metas-tasisrdquo Seminars in Oncology vol 29 no 6 supplement 16 pp15ndash18 2002

[5] A Jemal T Murray E Ward et al ldquoCancer statistics 2005rdquo CACancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no 1 pp 10ndash30 2005

[6] P A Wingo C J Cardinez S H Landis et al ldquoLong-termtrends in cancer mortality in the United States 1930ndash1998rdquoCancer vol 97 no 12 pp 3133ndash3275 2003

[7] Cancer Registry Report 2005ndash2007National Institute of CancerResearch and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh December 2009

[8] A K Uddin Z J Khan J Islam and A M Mahmud ldquoCancercare scenario in Bangladesh SouthAsianrdquo Journal of Cancer vol2 no 2 pp 102ndash104 2013

[9] V Noronha U Tsomo A Jamshed et al ldquoA fresh look atoncology facts on south central Asia and SAARC countriesrdquoSouth Asian Journal of Cancer vol 1 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2012

[10] CMCottonEthnobotany Principle adApplication JohnWileyamp Sons New York NY USA 1996

[11] M N Ahmed and M N K Azam ldquoTraditional knowledgeand formulations of medicinal plants used by the traditionalmedical practitioners of Bangladesh to treat schizophrenia likepsychosisrdquo Schizophrenia Research and Treatment vol 2014Article ID 679210 10 pages 2014

[12] M N K Azam MA Mannan and M N Ahmed ldquoMedicinalplants used by the traditional medical practitioners of Baren-dra and Shamatat (Rajshahi amp Khulna Division) region inBangladesh for treatment of cardiovascular disordersrdquo Journalof Medicinal Plants Studies vol 2 no 2 pp 9ndash14 2014

[13] M N K Azam S Biswas and M N Ahmed ldquoA cross-sectional study of ethnopharmacology in the Noakhali districtof Bangladesh and exploring potential ocular immunostimu-latory activity of the medicinal plants for the treatment of eyeinfectionsrdquo PharmacologyOnline vol 1 no 1 pp 77ndash89 2015

[14] M N Hasan M N K Azam M N Ahmed and A HirashimaldquoA randomized ethnomedicinal survey of snakebite treatmentin southwestern parts of Bangladeshrdquo Journal of Traditional andComplementary Medicine 2015

[15] M F KadirM S Bin Sayeed T Shams andMM KMia ldquoEth-nobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Bangladeshitraditional health practitioners in the management of diabetesmellitusrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 144 no 3 pp 605ndash611 2012

[16] M F Kadir M S Bin Sayeed and M M K Mia ldquoEthnophar-macological survey of medicinal plants used by traditionalhealers in Bangladesh for gastrointestinal disordersrdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 147 no 1 pp 148ndash156 2013

[17] AMollik T Islam A Khatun D Nasrin R Jahan andM Rah-matullah ldquoMedicinal plants used against gastrointestinal tractdisorders by traditional medicinal practitioners of BangladeshrdquoPlanta Medica vol 75 article PD57 2009

[18] MAHMollikM R Faruque KAkterM T IslamM FHos-sain and D Sen ldquoEthnomedicinal survey of medicinal plantsused as remedy for HIVAIDS related infections by the tradi-tional medicinal practitioners of Bangladeshrdquo in Proceedings ofthe 18th International AIDS Conference (AIDS rsquo10) Abstract noMOPE0213 Vienna Austria July 2010

[19] M Rahmatullah R Jahan A K Azad et al ldquoA randomizedsurvey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitionersin six districts of bangladesh to treat rheumatoid arthritisrdquoAdvances in Natural and Applied Sciences vol 4 no 2 pp 124ndash127 2010

[20] M H Rashid R Tanzin K C Ghosh R Jahan M A Khaunand M Rahmatullah ldquoAn ethnoveterinary survey of medicinalplants used to treat cattle diseases in Birishiri area Netrakonadistrict Bangladeshrdquo Advances in Natural and Applied Sciencesvol 4 no 1 pp 10ndash13 2010

[21] P Maundu ldquoMethodology for collecting and sharing indige-nous knowledge a case studyrdquo Indigenous Knowledge andDevelopment Monitor vol 3 pp 3ndash5 1995

[22] M N Alexiades ldquoCollecting ethnobotanical datardquo in SelectingGuidelines for Ethnobotanical Research pp 53ndash94 The NewYork Botanical Garden Press 1996

[23] D M Parkin F Bray J Ferlay and P Pisani ldquoGlobal cancerstatistics 2002rdquo CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no2 pp 74ndash108 2005

[24] M S Butler ldquoThe role of natural product chemistry in drugdiscoveryrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67 no 12 pp 2141ndash2153 2004

[25] HWang T O Khor L Shu et al ldquoPlants vs cancer a review onnatural phytochemicals in preventing and treating cancers andtheir druggabilityrdquo Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistryvol 12 no 10 pp 1281ndash1305 2012

[26] J LHartwellPlantsUsed against Cancer A Survey QuartermanPublications Lawrence Mass USA 1982

[27] R Gerson-Cwillich A Serrano-Olvera and A Villalobos-Prieto ldquoComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) inMexican patients with cancerrdquoClinical and Translational Oncol-ogy vol 8 no 3 pp 200ndash207 2006

[28] H Raina G Soni N Jauhari N Sharma and N BharadvajaldquoPhytochemical importance of medicinal plants as potentialsources of anticancer agentsrdquo Turkish Journal of Botany vol 38pp 1027ndash1035 2014

[29] J G Graham M L Quinn D S Fabricant and N RFarnsworth ldquoPlants used against cancermdashan extension of thework of Jonathan Hartwellrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol73 no 3 pp 347ndash377 2000

[30] S Mohammad ldquoAnti-cancer agents from medicinal plantsrdquoBangladesh journal of Pharmacology vol 1 no 2 pp 35ndash412006

[31] S Kundusen A Bala B Kar et al ldquoAntitumor potential ofCitrus limetta fruit peel in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearingSwiss albinomicerdquoAlternativeMedicine Studies vol 2 no 1 pp48ndash51 2012

[32] E K Spiridon and G B Maria Plants That Fight Cancer CRCPress 2004

[33] M Z Gul L M Bhakshu F Ahmad A K Kondapi I AQureshi and I A Ghazi ldquoEvaluation of Abelmoschus moscha-tus extracts for antioxidant free radical scavenging antimicro-bial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assaysrdquo BMCComplementary and Alternative Medicine vol 11 article 642011

[34] B H Babu B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoTumour reducingand anticarcinogenic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius in micerdquoJournal of Ethnopharmacology vol 79 no 1 pp 27ndash33 2002

[35] T Chakraborty D Bhuniya M Chatterjee et al ldquoAcanthusilicifolius plant extract prevents DNA alterations in a trans-plantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing murine modelrdquoWorld Journal of Gastroenterology vol 13 no 48 pp 6538ndash65482007

[36] P V Khajure and J L Rathod ldquoPotential anticancer activityof Acanthus ilicifolius extracted from the Mangroves Forestof Karwar West Cost of Indiardquo World Journal of Science andTechnology vol 1 pp 1ndash6 2011

International Scholarly Research Notices 9

[37] M Firdaus A A Prihanto and R Nurdiani ldquoAntioxidant andcytotoxic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius flowerrdquo Asian PacificJournal of Tropical Biomedicine vol 3 no 1 pp 17ndash21 2013

[38] V Subramaniyan R Saravanan D Baskaran and SRamalalingam ldquoIn vitro free radical scavenging and anticancerpotential of Aristolochia indica L against MCF-7 cell linerdquoInternational Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesvol 7 no 6 pp 392ndash396 2015

[39] A Y K M Rana and J A Khanam ldquoAristolochia indica wholeplant extract as an Antineoplastic agentrdquo Journal of MedicalSciences vol 2 no 4 pp 2002ndash2205 2002

[40] H Nagasawa G Wu and H Inatomi ldquoEffects of aristolosidea component of guan-mu-tong (Caulis aristolochiae man-shuriensis) on normal and preneoplastic mammary glandgrowth in micerdquo Anticancer Research vol 17 no 1 pp 237ndash2401997

[41] P Garodia H Ichikawa N Malani G Sethi and B B Aggar-wal ldquoFrom ancient medicine to modern medicine ayurvedicconcepts of health and their role in inflammation and cancerrdquoJournal of the Society for Integrative Oncology vol 5 no 1 pp25ndash37 2007

[42] B Achari S Crakrabarty and S C Pakrashi ldquoAn N-glycosideand steroids from Aristolochia indicardquo Phytochemistry vol 20no 6 pp 1444ndash1445 1981

[43] N S Yarla R Azad M Basha et al ldquo5-lipoxygenase andcyclooxygenase inhibitory dammarane triterpenoid 1 fromborassus flabellifer seed coat inhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572secretion in LPSInduced THP-1 humanmonocytes and inducesapoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo Anti-CancerAgents inMedicinal Chemistry vol 15 no 8 pp 1066ndash1077 2015

[44] G R Duddukuri Y N Sastry D S VG K Kaladhar P ABabu K K Rao andKK Chaitanya ldquoPreliminary studies on invitro anti-tumor activity of tender seed coat extract of Borassusflabellifer L on hela cell linerdquo International Journal of CurrentResearch vol 3 no 7 pp 75ndash77 2011

[45] L-C Chiang H-Y Cheng C-C Chen and C-C Lin ldquoInvitro anti-leukemic and antiviral activities of traditionally usedmedicinal plants in Taiwanrdquo The American Journal of ChineseMedicine vol 32 no 5 pp 695ndash704 2004

[46] P Tiwari G Aluja A S Pandey and N Sharma ldquoIsolation andbiological evaluation of some phytoconstituents from Blumealacera (Burn F) DCrdquo International Journal of Pharmacy ampPharmaceutical Sciences vol 4 supplement 4 pp 148ndash150 2012

[47] PMassiM Solinas V Cinquina andD Parolaro ldquoCannabidiolas potential anticancer drugrdquoBritish Journal of Clinical Pharma-cology vol 75 no 2 pp 303ndash312 2013

[48] A EMunson L S HarrisM A FriedmanW L Dewey and RA Carchman ldquoAntineoplastic activity of cannabinoidsrdquo Journalof the National Cancer Institute vol 55 no 3 pp 597ndash602 1975

[49] N Freimuth R Ramer and B Hinz ldquoAntitumorigenic effects ofcannabinoids beyond apoptosisrdquo Journal of Pharmacology andExperimental Therapeutics vol 332 no 2 pp 336ndash344 2010

[50] G Velasco C Sanchez and M Guzman ldquoTowards the use ofcannabinoids as antitumour agentsrdquo Nature Reviews Cancervol 12 no 6 pp 436ndash444 2012

[51] G Velasco S Hernandez-Tiedra D Davila and M LorenteldquoThe use of cannabinoids as anticancer agentsrdquo Progress inNeuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry vol 64pp 259ndash266 2016

[52] P Saha U K Mazumder P K Haldar et al ldquoAnticanceractivity of methanol extract of Cucurbita maxima against

Ehrlich as-cites carcinomardquo International Journal of Research inPharmaceutical Sciences vol 2 no 1 pp 52ndash59 2011

[53] A Shrivastava A A Khan S K Jain et al ldquoBiotechnologicaladvancement in isolation of anti-neoplastic compounds fromnatural origin a novel source of L-asparaginaserdquo Acta Biomed-ica vol 81 no 2 pp 104ndash108 2010

[54] L A Clavell R D Gelber H J Cohen et al ldquoFour agentinduction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment ofchildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiardquo The New EnglandJournal of Medicine vol 315 no 11 pp 657ndash663 1986

[55] M D Story D W Voehringer L C Stephens and R E MeynldquoL-asparaginase kills lymphoma cells by apoptosisrdquo CancerChemotherapy and Pharmacology vol 32 no 2 pp 129ndash1331993

[56] M Anisuzzaman A H M M Rahman M Harun-Or-RashidA TMNaderuzzaman andAKMR Islam ldquoAn ethnobotan-ical study of madhupur Tangailrdquo Journal of Applied PolymerScience vol 3 no 7 pp 519ndash530 2007

[57] D Kumar S Mallick J R Vedasiromoni and B C PalldquoAnti-leukemic activity of Dillenia indica L fruit extract andquantification of betulinic acid by HPLCrdquo Phytomedicine vol17 no 6 pp 431ndash435 2010

[58] D Dutta A Sarkar B Chakraborty C Chowdhury and P DasldquoInduction of apoptosis by a potent Betulinic acid derivative inHuman colon carcinoma HT-29 cellsrdquo International Journal ofScientific and Research Publications vol 5 no 2 pp 1ndash7 2015

[59] Z-L Yu X-R Liu M McCulloch and J Gao ldquoAnticancereffects of various fractions extracted from Dioscorea bulbiferaon mice bearing HepArdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 29no 6 pp 563ndash567 2004

[60] J-M Wang L-L Ji C J Banford-White et al ldquoAntitumoractivity of Dioscorea bulbifera L rhizome in vivordquo Fitoterapiavol 83 no 2 pp 388ndash394 2012

[61] B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoIn vitro cytotoxic and antitumorproperty of Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC in micerdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 73 no 3 pp 495ndash500 2000

[62] B S Shylesh S AjikumaranNair andA Subramoniam ldquoInduc-tion of cell-specific apoptosis and protection from Daltonrsquoslymphoma challenge in mice by an active fraction from Emiliasonchifoliardquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 37 no 4 pp232ndash237 2005

[63] H Lage N Duarte C Coburger A Hilgeroth and M J UFerreira ldquoAntitumor activity of terpenoids against classical andatypical multidrug resistant cancer cellsrdquo Phytomedicine vol 17no 6 pp 441ndash448 2010

[64] T Herlina Nasrudin U Supratman A Subamas A Sutardjoand H Hayashi ldquoAn isoflavonoid warangalone from the stembark of dadap ayam (Erythrina variegata)rdquo Journal of BasicSciences vol 9 no 1 pp 45ndash47 2008

[65] H Tati K Nurlelasari Dikdik S Unang and U Zalinar ldquoInvitro anticancer and antimalarial Erystagallin-a from Erythrinavariegata (L) stem barkrdquoMedicinal Plants vol 3 no 1 pp 9ndash132011

[66] M P Balasubramaniam and S Premkumari ldquoEffects ofHygrophila auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymesinN-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular Carcinoma inratsrdquo Journal of Herbal Medicine vol 1 pp 85ndash90 2012

[67] S J Uddin I D Grice and E Tiralongo ldquoCytotoxic effects ofBangladeshi medicinal plant extractsrdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2011 Article ID 5780927 pages 2011

10 International Scholarly Research Notices

[68] I LamprontiM T Khan N Bianchi et al ldquoBangladeshimedic-inal plant extracts inhibiting molecular interactions betweennuclear factors and target DNA sequences mimicking NF-120581Bbinding sitesrdquo Medicinal chemistry vol 1 no 4 pp 327ndash3332005

[69] S Ahmed A Rahman M Mathur M Athar and S Sul-tana ldquoAnti-tumor promoting activity of Asteracantha longifoliaagainst experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in ratsrdquo Food andChemical Toxicology vol 39 no 1 pp 19ndash28 2001

[70] R Bharali J Tabassum andM RH Azad ldquoChemomodulatoryeffect ofMoringa oleifera lam on hepatic carcinogenmetabolis-ing enzymes antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesisin micerdquo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention vol 4 no2 pp 131ndash139 2003

[71] M V S Parvathy and A Umamaheshwari ldquoCytotoxic effect ofMoringa oleifera leaf extracts on human multiple myeloma celllinesrdquo Trends in Medical Research vol 2 no 1 pp 44ndash50 2007

[72] L Berkovich G Earon I Ron A Rimmon A Vexler andS Lev-Ari ldquoMoringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract down-regulates nuclear factor-120581B and increases cytotoxic effect ofchemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo BMCComplementaryand Alternative Medicine vol 13 article 212 2013

[73] I L Jung ldquoSoluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves witha new anticancer activityrdquo PLoS ONE vol 9 no 4 Article IDe95492 2014

[74] L V Costa-Lotufo M T H Khan A Ather et al ldquoStudiesof the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folkmedicinerdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 99 no 1 pp 21ndash30 2005

[75] A Murakami A M Ali K Mat-Salleh K Koshimizu andH Ohigashi ldquoScreening for the in vitro anti-tumor-promotingactivities of edible plants fromMalaysiardquo Bioscience Biotechnol-ogy and Biochemistry vol 64 no 1 pp 9ndash16 2000

[76] I Lajter I Zupko J Molnar et al ldquoAntiproliferative activity ofpolygonaceae species from theCarpathian Basin against humancancer cell linesrdquo Phytotherapy Research vol 27 no 1 pp 77ndash852013

[77] J Ma Y Zi Jiang H Shi et al ldquoCucurbitacin B inhibitsthe translational expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1120572rdquoEuropean Journal of Pharmacology vol 723 no 1 pp 46ndash542014

[78] L Pan Y Yong Y Deng et al ldquoIsolation structure eluci-dation and biological evaluation of 1623-epoxycucurbitacinconstituents from eleaocarpus Chinensisrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 75 no 3 pp 444ndash452 2012

[79] S R Kim H S Seo H-S Choi et al ldquoTrichosanthes kirilowiiethanol extract and cucurbitacin D inhibit cell growth andinduce apoptosis through inhibition of STAT3 activity in breastcancer cellsrdquo Evidence-Based Complementary and AlternativeMedicine vol 2013 Article ID 975350 9 pages 2013

[80] N Takahashi Y Yoshida T Sugiura K Matsuno A Fujinoand U Yamashita ldquoCucurbitacin D isolated from Trichosantheskirilowii induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomacells in vitrordquo International Immunopharmacology vol 9 no 4pp 508ndash513 2009

[81] D R A Mans A B Da Rocha and G Schwartsmann ldquoAnti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil targeted plantcollection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancercompoundsrdquo Oncologist vol 5 no 3 pp 185ndash198 2000

[82] L Pan H-B Chai and A D Kinghorn ldquoDiscovery of newanticancer agents from higher plantsrdquo Frontiers in Biosciencevol 4 no 1 pp 142ndash156 2012

[83] M A Jordan and L Wilson ldquoMicrotubules as a target foranticancer drugsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 4 no 4 pp 253ndash265 2004

[84] D G I Kingston ldquoTubulin-interactive natural products asanticancer agentsrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 72 no 3pp 507ndash515 2009

[85] K R Hande ldquoEtoposide four decades of development of atopoisomerase II inhibitorrdquo European Journal of Cancer vol 34no 10 pp 1514ndash1521 1998

[86] G M Cragg and D J Newman ldquoA tale of two tumor targetstopoisomerase I and tubulin The Wall and Wani contributionto cancer chemotherapyrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67no 2 pp 232ndash244 2004

[87] Y-H Hsiang M G Lihou and L F Liu ldquoArrest of replicationforks by drug-stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable com-plexes as a mechanism of cell killing by camptothecinrdquo CancerResearch vol 49 no 18 pp 5077ndash5082 1989

[88] D C Zhou R Zittoun and J PMarie ldquoHomoharringtonine aneffective new natural product in cancer chemotherapyrdquo Bulletindu Cancer vol 82 no 12 pp 987ndash995 1995

[89] H Itokawa X Wang and K-H Lee ldquoHomoharringtonineand related compoundsrdquo in Anticancer Agents from NaturalProducts M CraggGordon G KingstonDavid and J NewmanDavid Eds pp 47ndash70 CRCTaylor amp Francis Boca Raton FlaUSA 2005

[90] A Quintas-Cardama H Kantarjian and J Cortes ldquoHomohar-ringtonine omacetaxine mepesuccinate and chronic myeloidleukemia circa 2009rdquo Cancer vol 115 no 23 pp 5382ndash53932009

[91] B B Aggarwal C Sundaram N Malani and H IchikawaldquoCurcumin the Indian solid goldrdquo Advances in ExperimentalMedicine and Biology vol 595 pp 1ndash75 2007

[92] G Sa T Das S Banerjee and J Chakraborty ldquoCurcumin fromexotic spice to modern anticancer drugrdquo Al Ameen Journal ofMedical Sciences vol 3 no 1 pp 21ndash37 2010

[93] B B Aggarwal A Bhardwaj R S Aggarwal N P Seeram SShishodia and Y Takada ldquoRole of resveratrol in prevention andtherapy of cancer preclinical and clinical studiesrdquo AnticancerResearch vol 24 no 5 pp 2783ndash2840 2004

[94] M Athar J H Back X Tang et al ldquoResveratrol a review ofpreclinical studies for human cancer preventionrdquo Toxicologyand Applied Pharmacology vol 224 no 3 pp 274ndash283 2007

[95] A Bishayee T Politis and A S Darvesh ldquoResveratrol in thechemoprevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomardquoCancer Treatment Reviews vol 36 no 1 pp 43ndash53 2010

[96] V Krystof and S Uldrijan ldquoCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitorsas anticancer drugsrdquoCurrent Drug Targets vol 11 no 3 pp 291ndash302 2010

[97] A M Senderowicz ldquoFlavopiridol the first cyclin-dependentkinase inhibitor in human clinical trialsrdquo Investigational NewDrugs vol 17 no 3 pp 313ndash320 1999

[98] R Li C Wang T Chen and P Chen ldquoQuantitative proteomicanalysis of cold-responsive proteins inAbelmoschus moschatusrdquoJournal of Animal amp Plant Sciences vol 14 no 3 pp 2006ndash20232012

[99] I Molfetta L Ceccarini M Macchia G Flamini and P LCioni ldquoAbelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench and AbelmoschusmoschatusMedik seeds production and analysis of the volatilecompoundsrdquo Food Chemistry vol 141 no 1 pp 34ndash40 2013

[100] M N Ahmed T Sultana M N K Azam andM RahmatullahldquoA preliminary antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity

International Scholarly Research Notices 11

evaluation of a mangrove speciesAcanthus ilicifolius L leaves inmicerdquo Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines vol 9 no 6 pp143ndash149 2014

[101] R Wostmann and G Liebezeit ldquoChemical composition of themangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae)mdashreview andadditional datardquo Senckenbergiana Maritima vol 38 no 1 pp31ndash37 2008

[102] U Kokpol V Chittawong and D H Miles ldquoChemical con-stituents of the roots of Acanthus illicifoliusrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 49 no 2 pp 355ndash356 1986

[103] K P Tiwara P KMinocha andMMasood ldquoAcanthicifolinemdasha new alkaloid from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Polish Journal ofChemistry vol 54 pp 857ndash858 1980

[104] C-H Huo B Wang W-H Lin and Y-Y Zhao ldquoBenzoxazi-nones from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Biochemical Systematics andEcology vol 33 no 6 pp 643ndash645 2005

[105] A Pakrashi and C Shaha ldquoEffect of methyl ester of aristolicacid from Aristolochia indica Linn on fertility of female micerdquoExperientia vol 34 no 9 pp 1192ndash1193 1978

[106] I Laakso T Seppanen-Laakso R Hiltunen and O EkundayoldquoComposition of the essential oil of Blumea lacera DC (Aster-aceae) leaves from Nigeriardquo Flavour and Fragrance Journal vol4 no 2 pp 73ndash75 1989

[107] S Subashini V Rameshkannan and P Mani ldquoPhytochemicaland GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from borassusflabellifer linn from rootrdquoEuropean Journal ofMolecular Biologyand Biochemistry vol 2 no 3 pp 148ndash152 2015

[108] M Guzman ldquoCannabinoids potential anticancer agentsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 3 no 10 pp 745ndash755 2003

[109] R Pandey R K Verma and M M Gupta ldquoNeo-clerodanediterpenoids from Clerodendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol66 no 6 pp 643ndash648 2005

[110] T Kanchanapoom R Kasai P Chumsri Y Hiraga and KYamasaki ldquoMegastigmane and iridoid glucosides from Clero-dendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol 58 no 2 pp 333ndash3362001

[111] S D Dubey ldquoOverview on Cucurbita maximardquo InternationalJournal of Phytopharmacy vol 2 no 3 pp 68ndash71 2012

[112] K R Dutta S Banerjee andAMitra ldquoMedicinal plants ofWestmidnapore India emphasis on phytochemical containmenthaving role on oral cancerrdquo International Journal of Phytophar-macology vol 3 no 2 pp 198ndash208 2012

[113] A Murakami M Nakashima T Koshiba et al ldquoModifyingeffects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generationfrom stimulated leukocytesrdquo Cancer Letters vol 149 no 1-2 pp115ndash123 2000

[114] S M Sundarapandian and P S Swamy ldquoLitter production andleaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropicalforests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats Indiardquo Forest Ecologyand Management vol 123 no 2-3 pp 231ndash244 1999

[115] D Gandhi and P Mehta ldquoDillenia indica Linn and Dilleniapentagyna Roxb pharmacognostic phytochemical and thera-peutic aspectsrdquo Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science vol3 no 11 pp 134ndash142 2013

[116] H Gao M Kuroyanagi L Wu N Kawahara T Yasuno and YNakamura ldquoAntitumor-promoting constituents fromDioscoreabulbifera L in JB6 mouse epidermal cellsrdquo Biological andPharmaceutical Bulletin vol 25 no 9 pp 1241ndash1243 2002

[117] J J Gao D L Cheng and X P Liu ldquoChemical constituents ofEmilia sonchifolia L DCrdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 18no 2 pp 102ndash127 1993

[118] T K Datta and P S Basu ldquoHuman erythrocyte specific lectinfrom the seeds of Indian coral tree Erythrina variegata Linnvar orientali Linn Merrillrdquo Journal of Biosciences vol 5 no 1pp 25ndash30 1983

[119] L Xiaoli W Naili W M Sau A S C Chen and Y XinshengldquoFour new isoflavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrinavariegatardquo Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 54 no 4pp 570ndash573 2006

[120] A Kumar S Lingadurai A Jain and N R Barman ldquoErythrinavariegata Linn a review on morphology phytochemistry andpharmacological aspectsrdquo Pharmacognosy Reviews vol 4 no8 pp 147ndash152 2010

[121] A Ghani Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with ChemicalConstituents and Uses Asiatic Society of Bangladesh DhakaBangladesh 2003

[122] P Bairaj and S Nagarajan ldquoApigenin 7-O-glucuronide from theflowers of Asteracantha longifolia Neesrdquo Indian Drugs vol 19pp 150ndash152 1982

[123] V V Parashar and H Singh ldquoInvestigation of Astercanthalongifolia Neesrdquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 27 no 4pp 109ndash113 1965

[124] T R Govindachari K Nagarajan and B R Pai ldquoIsolation oflupeol from the root of Asteracantha longifolia neesrdquo IndianJournal of Scientific Research B vol 16 article 72 1957

[125] T N Misra R S Singh H S Pandey B K Singh and R PPandey ldquoConstituents of Asteracantha longifoliardquo Fitoterapiavol 72 no 2 pp 194ndash196 2001

[126] C Quasim and N L Dutta ldquoReported the prescence ofstigmasterol in the root ofAsteracantha longifoliaNeesrdquo Journalof Indian Chemical Society vol 44 article 82 1967

[127] C K Bose ldquoPossible role of Moringa oleifera Lam root inepithelial ovarian cancerrdquo Medscape General Medicine vol 9article 26 2007

[128] A P Guevara C Vargas H Sakurai et al ldquoAn antitumor pro-moter fromMoringa oleifera LamrdquoMutation ResearchGeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis vol 440 no 2 pp181ndash188 1999

[129] Atta-ur-Rahman M Shabbir S Z Sultani A Jabbar and MI Choudhary ldquoCinnamates and coumarins from the leaves ofMurraya paniculatardquo Phytochemistry vol 44 no 4 pp 683ndash685 1997

[130] J K Lin and T S Wu ldquoConstituents of flowers of Murrayapaniculatardquo Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society vol 41 no2 pp 213ndash216 1994

[131] T-S Wu M-J Liou T-T Jong Y-J Chen and J-S LaildquoIndole alkaloids and coumarins from the root bark ofMurrayapaniculata var Omphalocarpardquo Phytochemistry vol 28 no 10pp 2873ndash2874 1989

[132] T-S Wu Y-Y Chan Y-L Leu and S-C Huang ldquoA flavonoidand indole alkaloid from flowers of Murraya paniculatardquoPhytochemistry vol 37 no 1 pp 287ndash288 1994

[133] M Parimala and F G Shoba ldquoPhytochemical analysis andIn vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract ofNymphaea nouchali Burm frdquo Asian Pacific Journal of TropicalBiomedicine vol 3 no 11 pp 887ndash895 2013

[134] S R Kabir M A Zubair M Nurujjaman et al ldquoPurificationand characterization of a Ca2+-dependent novel lectin fromNymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activitiesrdquo Bio-science Reports vol 31 no 6 pp 465ndash475 2011

[135] A K M M Huq J A Jamal and J Stanslas ldquoEthnobotanicalphytochemical pharmacological and toxicological aspects of

12 International Scholarly Research Notices

Persicaria hydropiper (L) delarbrerdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2014 Article ID 78283011 pages 2014

[136] V Vadivel A Patel and H K Biesalski ldquoEffect of traditionalprocessing methods on the antioxidant 120572-amylase and 120572-glucosidase enzyme inhibition properties of Sesbania sesbanMerrill seedsrdquo CyTAmdashJournal of Food vol 10 no 2 pp 128ndash136 2012

[137] N Das P Chandran and S Chakraborty ldquoPotent spermicidaleffect of oleanolic acid 3-beta-d-glucuronide an active principleisolated from the plant Sesbania sesbanMerrillrdquo Contraceptionvol 83 no 2 pp 167ndash175 2011

[138] M Kathiresh P D Suganya andM Saravanakumar ldquoBioactivecompounds in Sesbania sesban flower and its antioxidant andantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Pharmacy Research vol 5 no1 pp 293ndash390 2012

[139] M E Barbercheck and J Wang ldquoEffect of cucurbitacin Don in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus sppsymbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodesrdquo Journal ofInvertebrate Pathology vol 68 no 2 pp 141ndash145 1996

[140] CMi JMaH Shi et al ldquo410158406-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoauroneinhibits the HIF-1120572 pathway through inhibition of AktmTORp70S6K4E-BP1 phosphorylationrdquo Journal of PharmacologicalSciences vol 125 no 2 pp 193ndash201 2014

[141] M Valyova V Hadjimitova S Stoyanov Y Ganeva and ITrayko Petkov ldquoFree radical scavenging activity of extractsfrom Bulgarian Veronica officinalis L and GC-MS analysis ofethanol extractrdquoThe Internet Journal of Aesthetic and AntiagingMedicine vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2008

[142] I Saracoglu F H Oztunca A Nagatsu and U S HarputldquoIridoid content and biological activities of Veronica cuneifoliasubsp cuneifolia and V cymbalariardquo Pharmaceutical Biologyvol 49 no 11 pp 1150ndash1157 2011

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

PainResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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ToxinsJournal of

VaccinesJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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AntibioticsInternational Journal of

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StrokeResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Drug DeliveryJournal of

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Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences

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MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of

Page 2: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

2 International Scholarly Research Notices

11 Cancer Epidemiology in Bangladesh The National Insti-tute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH) started acancer registry in 2005 for the first time in Bangladesh alongwith the World Health Organization (WHO) This reportcovers three years from 2005 to 2007 Data were collectedfrom 24847 cancer patients who appeared in the NICRHfor the first time [7] Among them 10847 (576) weremales Lung cancer was the leading cancer (173) followedby cancers of breast (123) lymph nodes and lymphatics(84) and cervix (84) for sexes combined in all ages Inmalesrsquo lung (255) and in females breast (256) and cer-vical (215) cancers were predominant In children aged 14years or younger lymphoma retinoblastoma osteosarcomaleukemia and kidney cancers were most prevalent Lungcancer in males and cervical and breast cancer in femalesconstitute 38 of all cancers in Bangladesh [7] According tothe WHO data published in April 2011 oral cancer deaths inBangladesh reached 11562 or 121 of total deaths The ageadjusted death rate is 1252 per 100000 of population rankingBangladesh 4 in the world There are more than one million(10 lakh) cancer patients in Bangladesh while approximately200000 new patients mostly women are added every yearcreating a social burden on the country [8 9]

Various plants have been used against cancer and tumorin traditional medicine system of Bangladesh since manyyears Traditional medicinal knowledge has been a meanstowards the discovery of many modern medicines [10] Tra-ditionalmedicine is practiced in Bangladesh by folkmedicinepractitioners also known as Kabirajes who utilize variousformulations of medicinal plants in most of their prepara-tionsWe have observed that theKabirajes of various districtsand areas use diverse varieties of plants for the treatmentof schizophrenia and psychotic problems [11] cardiovascularproblems [12] eye infections [13] snakebite [14] diabetes[15] gastrointestinal disorders [16 17] HIVAIDS relatedinfections [18] rheumatoid arthritis [19] cattle diseases [20]and so on

It was objective of the present study to conduct a ran-domized ethnopharmacological survey to learn more aboutthe medicinal plants used by folk medicine practitionersof Bangladesh for the treatment of cancer and also to docomprehensive study on several published articles attributedto the in vivo or in vitro anticancer properties of these speciesThe anticipation was that the medicinal plants used by theKabirajes can prove to be a useful source for further scientificstudies leading to discoveringmore efficacious antineoplasticdrugs

2 Methodology

21 Geographical Location of the Survey Area The presentrandomized surveys were carried out between October 2013and March 2014 among the Kabirajes of three districts ofBangladesh namely Jessore Khulna and Narail Jessoredistrict geographically is in the southwestern region ofBangladesh It is located at 23∘101015840010158401015840 North 89∘131015840010158401015840 Eastbordered by Khulna and Satkhira district to the south Indiato the west Magura and Narail district to the east andJhenaidah district to the north Khulna and Narail district

geographically coordinate at 22∘481015840010158401015840 North 89∘331015840010158401015840 and23∘101015840010158401015840 North 89∘301015840010158401015840 East respectively These threedistricts (Figure 1) are a part of Khulna division

The surveys were conducted with the help of a semistruc-tured questionnaire and the guided field-walk method [2122] A total of 5 Kabirajes (36ndash60 years) were interviewedduring the surveys Kabirajes were asked whether they knowabout cancer and whether they treat the cancer on a regularbasis Kabirajes were selected based on their confirmatoryanswer to both questionsTheKabirajesmentioned the plantswith which they treated cancer and took the interviewers tospots from where they collected the plants All interviewswere conducted in the Bangla language The plants wereshown along with providing of local names and the partsused Plant specimens were collected and dried in the fieldand later brought back to Dhaka for complete identificationat the Bangladesh National Herbarium Nomenclature ofthe identified species was documented from the plant listdatabase [httpwwwtheplantlistorg]

3 Results

A total of 20 plant species were obtained from the Kabirajesof the three districts surveyed The results are summarizedin Table 1 These plant species are wild and belonged to17 families The Acanthaceae Cucurbitaceae and Fabaceaefamily contributed two plants each the rest of the familiescontributed one plant each Whole plant as well as plantparts like leaves barks roots fruits and seeds was used forpreparing medicine Leaves constituted the major plant partused forming 406 of total uses Roots fruits and seedseach constituted accordingly 156 125 and 94 of totaluses The other plant parts (whole plant stem bark flowerand tuber) mentioned constituted respectively 94 and 31of total uses (Figure 2)

31 Types of Cancer Among developed countries the inci-dence and mortality rates for various cancers are almost thesame Lung cancer is the most common cancer among menin both developing and developed countries of the worldand breast cancer is the most common cancer in womenAnnually the global death rate for cancer is estimated to bemore than 6 million people and over 22 million individualshave been diagnosed with cancer worldwide [23] Table 2 haslisted the types of cancer

4 Discussion

Many developing countries have intensified their efforts indocumenting the ethnomedical data and scientific literatureon medicinal plants In 2000 natural product derivativeswere involved in 14 of the top 35 drugs based on worldwidesales [24] Cancer chemoprevention with phytochemicalcompounds is a developing plot [25] Medicinal plants havebeen used for cancer treatment in many countries of theworld from a prolonged period of time [26 27] and the treat-ment or prevention is attributed to their safety low cost andoral bioavailability as well natural plant derivatives claimedextensive scientific screening and clinical experiments for

International Scholarly Research Notices 3

(a)

(km)55 0 10

(b)

4 84 0(km)

(c)

2 2 4 60(km)

(d)

Figure 1 (a) Map of Bangladesh showing survey area with square shade (b) Khulna district (c) Jessore District and (d) Narail District

the development of anticancer drugs [28] Over 3000 plantsspecies have been reported to have anticancer properties [29]and about 35000 plant samples from 20 countries have beencollected and around 114000 extracts were screened againsttumor systems used as a primary screen [30] Clinically activeantineoplastic agents should be able to prolong the survivaland decrease the leukocyte count of blood of tumor-bearinganimals [31] Examples of some well-known plant-derivedantineoplastic lead compounds along with their specificmechanism of actions are summarized in Table 3

41 Appraisement of Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants Used bythe Folk Medicine Practitioners for Antineoplastic PropertiesSecondary metabolites are compounds belonging to variedchemical groups that exert biological activities both on

human and animal cells Products of secondary metabo-lites are the main phytochemical constituents with variouspharmaceutical properties serving either as protective agentsagainst various pathogens or growth regulatory moleculesThese physiological functions are the effects on cancer cellsor tumor development inhibition Plant-derived commercialanticancer drugs (vinblastine and vincristine from Catha-ranthus roseus) are still produced by isolation from growingplants [32] In Table 4 we have listed some reported plant-derived chemical compounds from the antineoplastic plantsused by the Bangladeshi folk health practitioners in thetreatment of cancer

42 Abelmoschus moschatus (Musk Mallow) Hydroalcoholicseed and leaf extracts of Abelmoschus moschatus exhibited

4 International Scholarly Research Notices

Table 1 Medicinal plants used by the folk medicine practitioners in three districts of Bangladesh for prevention and management ofmalignancy in cancer

Serial number Botanic name Family name Vernacular name Part(s) utilized1 Acanthus ilicifolius L Acanthaceae Harjora Leaf2 Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach) Heine Acanthaceae Makhna Leaf3 Borassus flabellifer L Arecaceae Tal Root fruit4 Aristolochia indica L Aristolochiaceae Ichamul Leaf5 Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC ex DC Asteraceae Shadhi Whole plant6 Cannabis sativa L Cannabaceae Bhang Leaf root7 Blumea lacera (Burm f) DC Compositae Kukurshunga Leaf8 Trichosanthes kirilowii (Maxim) Kuntze Cucurbitaceae Lotaakal Whole plant9 Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Cucurbitaceae Kumra Leaf stem and fruit10 Dillenia indica L Dilleniaceae Chalta Leaf fruit11 Dioscorea bulbifera L Dioscoreaceae Lota-bori Root fruit12 Erythrina variegata L Fabaceae Mandar gach Leaf13 Sesbania sesban (L) Merr Fabaceae Dhoinche Leaf bark flower and seed14 Abelmoschus moschatusMedik Malvaceae Lota koshturi Leaf seed15 Moringa oleifera Lam Moringaceae Shajna Leaf16 Nymphaea nouchali Burm f Nymphaeaceae Shapla Tuber root17 Persicaria hydropiper (L) Delarbre Polygonaceae Bishalo-pata Leaf seed18 Murraya paniculata (L) Jack Rutaceae Kamini gach Leaf19 Veronica officinalis L Scrophulariaceae Chapta-pata Whole plant20 Clerodendrum inerme (L) Gaertn Verbenaceae Jongli jui Root

Bark 310Stem

Tuber 310

Flower 310

Leaf 4060

Root

Fruit 1250Seed 940

Whole plant

Other

940

1560

310

930

Figure 2 Percentage of plant parts used by the traditional medicinepractitioners in the prevention and management of cancer

antiproliferative activity against colorectal adenocarcinomaand retinoblastoma human cancer cell lines [33]

43 Acanthus ilicifolius (HollyMangrove) The ethanol leavesrsquoextract of the plant was found [34] to be cytotoxic towardslung fibroblast cells in MTT assay Another study [35]reported that the plant extract has been shown to pre-vent DNA alterations in a transplantable Ehrlich Ascitescarcinoma-bearing murine model and in enlargement of thesurvival of the animals against the proliferation of ascitestumor Ethyl acetate extract of the whole plant of A ilicifoliushas a potential cytotoxic activity on HeLa cell and KB celllines by comet assay [36] Active compounds of A ilicifoliusflower play a role in killing Artemia salina nauplii and can

Table 2 List of cancer types [23]

Lung cancer Breast cancerColorectal cancer Liver cancer

Pancreatic cancerCancers of the female reproductive tract(cervical cancer endometrial cancerand ovarian cancer)

Prostate cancer Urinary bladder cancerLymphoma LeukemiaSkin cancer Cancer of the central nervous system

be considered as potential cytotoxic agents as well as futurecandidate for cancer therapy [37]

44 Aristolochia indica (Indian Birthwort) The cytotoxicityand antitumor activity of the chloroform extracts of Aris-tolochia indica were assessed in human breast cancer cellline by MTT assay using taxol as standard and showedpronounced anticancer activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carci-noma cell line [38 39] Aristoloside compound was reportedto inhibit carcinogenesis [40] Aristolochic acid was reportedto possess various biological activities including antiadeno-carcinoma antineoplastic [41] and antitumor activities [42]

45 Borassus flabellifer (Asian Palmyra Palm) Dammaranetriterpenoid 1 isolated from Borassus flabellifer seed coatinhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572 and showed good antiprolif-erative activity against pancreatic cancer cell line Apoptosis

International Scholarly Research Notices 5

Table 3 List of some plant-derived antineoplastic lead compounds currently in use and currently in clinical trials [81 82]

Source of plant Specific mechanism of actions of the lead compoundsAntineoplastic lead compounds currentlyin use

Vinblastine Vincristine Catharanthus roseus Bind to the microtubulin site in the 120573-subunit and disrupt theassembly of microtubules in mitosis [83]

Taxol Taxus brevifoliaBinds to the taxane site as a microtubule stabilizer and interferingwith the normal breakdown of microtubules during cell division[84]

Etoposide Podophyllum peltatum Binds to tubulin and interferes with the formation of spindles inmitosis [85]

Camptothecin irinotecan andtopotecan Camptotheca acuminata

Arrest the cell cycle at the S-phase by inhibiting the activity oftopoisomerase I leading to the inhibition of DNA replication andtranscription [86 87]

Antineoplastic lead compounds currentlyin clinical trials

Homoharringtonine Harringtoniacephalotaxus

Inhibits protein synthesis and blocking cell-cycle progression [88]promotes apoptosis and inhibits protein synthesis at the ribosomallevel [89 90]

Curcumin Curcuma longa

Induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of a variety ofmalignant cells and is involved in the regulation of combinedsignaling pathways at multiple levels by acting on various targetsincluding modulation of gene transcription factors (NF120581B p53and AP-1) growth factors and their receptors (PDGF EGF andVEGF) cell surface adhesion molecules (E-cadherin 120573-cadenin)and protein kinases (CDKs EGFR PKC and p38 MAPK) [91 92]

ResveratrolVitis vinifera Morusalba and Arachishypogaea

Inhibits the growth of cancer cells and induces apoptosis by actingat multiple cellular targets including activation of p53 inhibiting10 otulins 10 genases and cytochrome P450 enzymes andactivating AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) [93ndash95]

Flavopiridol Amoora rohituka

Exhibits apoptosis induction [96] inhibits the activity ofcyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) by competing with ATP at theirnucleotide binding sites and causes cell cycle arrest at either the G1or G1M phases [97]

inducing activity was confirmed based on increased sub-G0 phase cell population in cell cycle analysis loss of mito-chondrial membrane potential elevated levels of cytochromec nuclear morphological changes and DNA fragmentationin MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells [43] B flabelliferseed coat extracts were screened in another study [44] fortheir possible anticancer activity on growth of the HeLacells and these preliminary studies indicated that even thelower concentrations of plant extract showed significantantiproliferative activity

46 Blumea lacera (Blumea) There is an in vitro study [45]that showed that Blumea lacera exhibited broad spectrumantileukemic activity against K562 L1210 P3HR1 and U937leukemia cells Methanolic extract of B lacera leaves has alsoshowed cytotoxic activity against human gastric adenocarci-noma cell line human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lineand human breast ductal carcinoma cell line [46]

47 Cannabis sativa (Hemp) The interest in anticarcinogenicproperties of cannabinoidswas renewed after the discovery ofthe endocannabinoid system [47] The administration of Δ9-THCΔ8-THC and cannabinol inhibited the growth of Lewis

lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro as well as in vivo after oraladministration in mice [48] Antitumorigenic mechanismsof cannabinoids are showing their ability to interfere withtumor neovascularization cancer cell migration adhesioninvasion and metastasis [49] The mechanism of cannabi-noidsrsquo anticancer action depends on the ability of their agentsto stimulate autophagy-mediated apoptotic cancer cell deaththus cannabinoid action helps in cancer cell death impairstumor angiogenesis and blocks invasion and metastasis [50]and cannabinoids are currently also being tested as anticanceragents in phase III clinical studies [51]

48 Cucurbita maxima (Pumpkin) Methanol extract ofCucurbita maxima aerial parts has been performed againstEhrlich Ascites Carcinoma model in mice by Saha et al[52] for the antitumor activity and the results revealed thatC maxima possesses significant anticancer activity whichmay be due to its cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties L-asparaginase is an antineoplastic agent identified from fruitof C maxima used for treatment of a type of cancer that isacute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkinrsquos lymphoma[53] as well as being experimentally used as an anticanceragent in human patients [54 55]

6 International Scholarly Research Notices

Table4Listof

repo

rted

phytochemicalsfrom

Bang

ladeshiantineoplastic

plantsused

byfolkmedicinep

ractition

ers

Seria

lnum

ber

Plantsou

rce

Phytochemicalconstituents

Reference

1Ab

elmoschus

moschatus

Urid

ine(1-[(3R4S5R)-34-dihydroxy-5-

(hydroxymethyl)o

xolan-2-yl]pyrim

idine-

24-dion

e)n

-tridecaneiso

pentyl2-methylbutanoateand

decanal

[9899]

2Ac

anthus

ilicifolius

Flavon

oidsglycosid

essapon

insste

roidsandtann

inslupeol120572

-amyrinolcanolicacid

andursolic

acidssapo

ninand

triterpenoidsapo

nin

steroids(stigmasterolcampeste

rolandsitosterol)

alkaloids(acanthicifo

linea

ndbenzoxazinium)

andph

enolics(acanfolio

sideilicifolio

sideacteosideverbascosid

eandapigenin)

[100ndash104]

3Ar

istolochiaindica

Aris

tolochicacidflavon

oidstanninsglycosid

espheno

landsapo

nins

[38105]

4Blum

ealacera

Thym

oquino

ldim

ethyl120573-caryoph

yllene120572

-hum

uleneandE-120573-fa

rnesene5-hydroxy-36731015840

41015840

-pentametho

xyflavone

53101584041015840

-trihydroxy

flavone

[46106]

5Bo

rassu

sflabellifer

Dam

maranetriterpeno

idresorcino

lph

enolpentano

icacidglycerin

10-un

decenyleste

roctadecano

icacidand

n-hexadecano

icacid

[43107]

6Ca

nnabissativa

Cann

abinoidsΔ

9-TH

CΔ8-TH

C[48108]

7Clerodendrum

inerme

Neocle

rodane

diterpenoids

(inermes

AB

and1415

-dihydro-15120573

-metho

xy-3-epicaryop

tin)megastig

maneg

lycosid

esand

irido

idglycoside

[109110]

8Cu

curbita

maxim

aCa

rboh

ydratesalkaloidsglycosidestanninsflavon

oidsand

sapo

nins

steroidsL-asparaginaseglutamicacidcalcium

andresin

and120573-carotenelycopeneand

lutein

[53111ndash113]

9Dilleniaindica

Dihydroiso

rham

netin

dillenetintannin

betunaldehydebetulin

icacidrhamnetin

dihydroiso

rham

netin

lup

eol

myricetinn

aringenin

quercetin

andkaem

pferolglucosideandstigmasterol

[114115]

10Dioscorea

bulbifera

Kaem

pferol-35-dim

ethylethercaryatin

(L)-catechin

myricetinquercetin-3-O

-galactopyrano

side

myricetin-3-O

-galactopyrano

sidemyricetin-3-O

-glucopyrano

sideanddiosbu

lbin

B[116]

11Em

iliasonchifolia

Beta-sito

sterolstigmasterolpalm

itica

cidandho

neyacid

[117]

12Erythrinavarie

gata

Lectinisoflavonesalkaloidsflavono

idspterocarpanstriterpenesste

roidsalkyltransferulatesproteinslecithin

1011-dioxoerythratidineandcrystagallinA

[65118

ndash120]

13Hygrophila

auric

ulata

Flavon

oids

andpo

lyph

enolsapigenin

7-O-glucuronide

alkaloids(asteracanthine

andasteracanthicine)triterpenes

(lupeol

hydrocarbo

nhentria

contane13

otulinluteolin

and

luteolin-7-O

-rutinoside)alip

hatic

esters(25-oxo-hentria

contyl

acetatemethyl8-nhexyltetracosanoate)andste

rols(stig

masterol)

[121ndash126]

14Moringa

oleifera

Flavon

oidpigm

ents(kaempferolrhamnetin

isoqu

ercitrinand

kaem

pferitrin)glycosidec

ompo

undsglucosin

olatesand

isothiocyanatesbeta-sitosterolglycerol-1-(9-octadecanoate)3-O-(61015840-O

-oleoyl-b

eta-D-glucopyrano

syl)

beta-sito

sterol

andbeta-sito

sterol-3

-O-beta-D-glucopyrano

side

[127128]

15Murraya

paniculata

Cou

marins(7-metho

xy-8-(3-methyl-2

-oxobu

toxy)-2H

-chrom

en-2-oneumbelliferoneand

scop

olin)indo

lealkaloids

(murrayacarin

eand

murrayaculatine)

[129ndash132]

16Ny

mphaeanouchali

Protein

carboh

ydratereducingsugarglycosidespheno

ltann

inflavon

essapon

insteroidalkaloidanthraqu

inon

equ

inon

eandlectin

[133134]

17Persica

riahydropiper

Apigenin-7-O

-glucosid

ecatechinepicatechinhyperinisoqu

ercitrinkaempferolkaempferolrutin

osidequ

ercitrin

persicarinrhamnetin

polygon

icacidpolygod

ialacetal

[135]

18Sesbaniasesban

Oleanolicacidstig

mastane-524(28)-diene-3120573

-O-120573-D

-galactopyrano

sidegalactom

annan

phenolsflavono

idsa

ndanthocyaninsand

sapo

nin

[136ndash138]

19Trich

osantheskirilow

iiCu

curbita

cinB

cucurbita

cinD41015840

6-dihydroxy-4-m

etho

xyiso

aurone

[77139140]

20Veronica

officin

alis

Terpeneseste

rssteroids(ste

rolsandste

renes)p-hydroxyph

enylethylalco

holmaltolandlolio

lide120573-sito

sterol

120572-lino

lenica

ndlin

oleica

cidandirido

idglucoside

[141142]

International Scholarly Research Notices 7

49 Dillenia indica (Elephant Apple) Leaf powder ofDilleniaindica is given in treatment of breast cancer [56] Themethanolic extract ofD indica has been found to have signifi-cant antileukemic activity in human leukemic cell lines U937HL60 and K562 [57] Methanolic extracts of betulinic acidwere prepared from theD indica fruits inducing apoptosis inHT-29 cells via mitochondrial dependent pathway and prov-ing to be a potential therapeutic agent for colon cancer [58]

410 Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato) Petroleum ether frac-tion of the plant showed potential effects against HepAwith microstructure abnormality of HepA cells surface [59]Immune system modulation might be related to antitumoreffects of D bulbifera rhizome as reported in S180 and H22tumor cells bearing mice [60]

411 Emilia sonchifolia (Lilac Tasselflower) The aqueousand methanolic extracts of the leaves of Emilia sonchifoliagradually exhibit antitumor activities [61] The n-hexaneextract of E sonchifolia has anticancer effect and is richin terpenoids [62] and terpenoids were evaluated for theirpotential antineoplastic activity in various human cancer celllines such as gastric pancreatic and colon carcinomas [63]

412 Erythrina variegata (Tigerrsquos Claw) Steroid derived fromthe stem bark and the leaves of Erythrina variegata showedanticancer activity against in vitro breast cancer cell T47D[64] Alkaloids (1011-dioxoerythratidine and crystagallin A)extracted from the leaves and stem bark of E variegataplant strongly stated in vitro anticancer activity against breastcancer T47D cell lines in vitro using the Sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay [65]

413 Hygrophila auriculata (Marsh Barbel) The effect ofH auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma inrats [66] The aqueous seed extract from H auriculatadisplayed selective cancer cell cytotoxicity with an IC50 valueof 022mgmLminus1 against colon cancer cells [67] In vitro studyof H auriculata extracts has reported antitumor and NF120581Binhibition [68] Ahmad et al reported antitumor activityfromplant extract against chemically induced hepatocarcino-genesis in Wister rats [69]

414 Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree) A hydroalcoholicextract ofMoringa oleifera study revealed possible chemopre-ventive potential against chemical carcinogenesis [70]Differ-ent leaf extracts ofM oleifera produced significant cytotoxiceffects on human multiple myeloma cultured cell lines [71]A study [72] showed that leaves extract ofM oleifera can sig-nificantly obstruct the growth of cultured human pancreaticcarcinoma cells by inhibiting the NF-120581B signaling pathwayMost of the anticancer studies ofM oleifera have not focusedon the molecular basis of the tumor-suppressive activity butstrongly suggested that it could potentially be a supremeanticancer candidate specific to cancer cells [73 74]

415 Nymphaea nouchali (Blue Water Lily) The methanolicextract of Nymphaea nouchali roots has showed inhibitoryactivity towards tumor promoter in the Raji cells [75]

416 Persicaria hydropiper (Water Pepper) In vitro antiprolif-erative activity of Polygonum hydropiper (synonymy) extractswas evaluated against cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma skinepidermoid carcinoma and breast epithelial adenocarcinomacells and the results confirmed substantial cell growthinhibitory activity against one or more cell lines [76]

417 Trichosanthes kirilowii (Chinese Cucumber) A triter-penoid compound named cucurbitacin B isolated from Tri-chosanthes kirilowii showed the potent inhibitory activityagainst HIF-1 activation induced by hypoxia in varioushuman cancer cell lines In vivo studies confirmed the inhibi-tory effect of cucurbitacin B on the expression of HIF-1120572proteins leading to a decrease growth of HeLa cells in axenograft tumor model [77] Cucurbitacin D isolated fromthe plant has also been shown to suppress proliferation ofHT-29 human colon cancer cells [78] and the compound could bepotent therapeutic agent for breast cancer by blocking tumorcell proliferation and inducing apoptosis through suppressionof STAT3 activity [79] and it could also induce apoptosis inhuman hepatocellular carcinoma cells [80]

5 Conclusions

Among twenty plant species four of the species used byfolk medicine practitioners have no strong published dataregarding anticancer or cytotoxic activities These 4 speciesareC inermeM paniculata S sesban andV officinalis Fromjust a brief survey of the literature it appears that the rest ofthe sixteen plants used by the Kabirajes in three districts ofBangladesh present considerable potential in the treatmentof cancer Further scientific studies need to be conducted onthese plants towards discovery of lead compounds whichcan lead to formulation of new drugs for the prevention andmanagement ofmalignant neoplastic diseases with giving lessor no side effects

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare they have no competing interests

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank all the medicine practitioners forproviding useful information regarding cancer treatment

References

[1] B Vogelstein and K W Kinzler The Genetic Basis of HumanCancer McGraw-Hill New York NY USA 2nd edition 2002

[2] W Schulz Molecular Biology of Human Cancers An AdvancedStudentrsquos Textbook Springer DordrechtThe Netherlands 2007

[3] B R Zetter ldquoAngiogenesis and tumor metastasisrdquo AnnualReview of Medicine vol 49 pp 407ndash424 1998

8 International Scholarly Research Notices

[4] J Folkman ldquoRole of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metas-tasisrdquo Seminars in Oncology vol 29 no 6 supplement 16 pp15ndash18 2002

[5] A Jemal T Murray E Ward et al ldquoCancer statistics 2005rdquo CACancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no 1 pp 10ndash30 2005

[6] P A Wingo C J Cardinez S H Landis et al ldquoLong-termtrends in cancer mortality in the United States 1930ndash1998rdquoCancer vol 97 no 12 pp 3133ndash3275 2003

[7] Cancer Registry Report 2005ndash2007National Institute of CancerResearch and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh December 2009

[8] A K Uddin Z J Khan J Islam and A M Mahmud ldquoCancercare scenario in Bangladesh SouthAsianrdquo Journal of Cancer vol2 no 2 pp 102ndash104 2013

[9] V Noronha U Tsomo A Jamshed et al ldquoA fresh look atoncology facts on south central Asia and SAARC countriesrdquoSouth Asian Journal of Cancer vol 1 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2012

[10] CMCottonEthnobotany Principle adApplication JohnWileyamp Sons New York NY USA 1996

[11] M N Ahmed and M N K Azam ldquoTraditional knowledgeand formulations of medicinal plants used by the traditionalmedical practitioners of Bangladesh to treat schizophrenia likepsychosisrdquo Schizophrenia Research and Treatment vol 2014Article ID 679210 10 pages 2014

[12] M N K Azam MA Mannan and M N Ahmed ldquoMedicinalplants used by the traditional medical practitioners of Baren-dra and Shamatat (Rajshahi amp Khulna Division) region inBangladesh for treatment of cardiovascular disordersrdquo Journalof Medicinal Plants Studies vol 2 no 2 pp 9ndash14 2014

[13] M N K Azam S Biswas and M N Ahmed ldquoA cross-sectional study of ethnopharmacology in the Noakhali districtof Bangladesh and exploring potential ocular immunostimu-latory activity of the medicinal plants for the treatment of eyeinfectionsrdquo PharmacologyOnline vol 1 no 1 pp 77ndash89 2015

[14] M N Hasan M N K Azam M N Ahmed and A HirashimaldquoA randomized ethnomedicinal survey of snakebite treatmentin southwestern parts of Bangladeshrdquo Journal of Traditional andComplementary Medicine 2015

[15] M F KadirM S Bin Sayeed T Shams andMM KMia ldquoEth-nobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Bangladeshitraditional health practitioners in the management of diabetesmellitusrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 144 no 3 pp 605ndash611 2012

[16] M F Kadir M S Bin Sayeed and M M K Mia ldquoEthnophar-macological survey of medicinal plants used by traditionalhealers in Bangladesh for gastrointestinal disordersrdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 147 no 1 pp 148ndash156 2013

[17] AMollik T Islam A Khatun D Nasrin R Jahan andM Rah-matullah ldquoMedicinal plants used against gastrointestinal tractdisorders by traditional medicinal practitioners of BangladeshrdquoPlanta Medica vol 75 article PD57 2009

[18] MAHMollikM R Faruque KAkterM T IslamM FHos-sain and D Sen ldquoEthnomedicinal survey of medicinal plantsused as remedy for HIVAIDS related infections by the tradi-tional medicinal practitioners of Bangladeshrdquo in Proceedings ofthe 18th International AIDS Conference (AIDS rsquo10) Abstract noMOPE0213 Vienna Austria July 2010

[19] M Rahmatullah R Jahan A K Azad et al ldquoA randomizedsurvey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitionersin six districts of bangladesh to treat rheumatoid arthritisrdquoAdvances in Natural and Applied Sciences vol 4 no 2 pp 124ndash127 2010

[20] M H Rashid R Tanzin K C Ghosh R Jahan M A Khaunand M Rahmatullah ldquoAn ethnoveterinary survey of medicinalplants used to treat cattle diseases in Birishiri area Netrakonadistrict Bangladeshrdquo Advances in Natural and Applied Sciencesvol 4 no 1 pp 10ndash13 2010

[21] P Maundu ldquoMethodology for collecting and sharing indige-nous knowledge a case studyrdquo Indigenous Knowledge andDevelopment Monitor vol 3 pp 3ndash5 1995

[22] M N Alexiades ldquoCollecting ethnobotanical datardquo in SelectingGuidelines for Ethnobotanical Research pp 53ndash94 The NewYork Botanical Garden Press 1996

[23] D M Parkin F Bray J Ferlay and P Pisani ldquoGlobal cancerstatistics 2002rdquo CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no2 pp 74ndash108 2005

[24] M S Butler ldquoThe role of natural product chemistry in drugdiscoveryrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67 no 12 pp 2141ndash2153 2004

[25] HWang T O Khor L Shu et al ldquoPlants vs cancer a review onnatural phytochemicals in preventing and treating cancers andtheir druggabilityrdquo Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistryvol 12 no 10 pp 1281ndash1305 2012

[26] J LHartwellPlantsUsed against Cancer A Survey QuartermanPublications Lawrence Mass USA 1982

[27] R Gerson-Cwillich A Serrano-Olvera and A Villalobos-Prieto ldquoComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) inMexican patients with cancerrdquoClinical and Translational Oncol-ogy vol 8 no 3 pp 200ndash207 2006

[28] H Raina G Soni N Jauhari N Sharma and N BharadvajaldquoPhytochemical importance of medicinal plants as potentialsources of anticancer agentsrdquo Turkish Journal of Botany vol 38pp 1027ndash1035 2014

[29] J G Graham M L Quinn D S Fabricant and N RFarnsworth ldquoPlants used against cancermdashan extension of thework of Jonathan Hartwellrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol73 no 3 pp 347ndash377 2000

[30] S Mohammad ldquoAnti-cancer agents from medicinal plantsrdquoBangladesh journal of Pharmacology vol 1 no 2 pp 35ndash412006

[31] S Kundusen A Bala B Kar et al ldquoAntitumor potential ofCitrus limetta fruit peel in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearingSwiss albinomicerdquoAlternativeMedicine Studies vol 2 no 1 pp48ndash51 2012

[32] E K Spiridon and G B Maria Plants That Fight Cancer CRCPress 2004

[33] M Z Gul L M Bhakshu F Ahmad A K Kondapi I AQureshi and I A Ghazi ldquoEvaluation of Abelmoschus moscha-tus extracts for antioxidant free radical scavenging antimicro-bial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assaysrdquo BMCComplementary and Alternative Medicine vol 11 article 642011

[34] B H Babu B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoTumour reducingand anticarcinogenic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius in micerdquoJournal of Ethnopharmacology vol 79 no 1 pp 27ndash33 2002

[35] T Chakraborty D Bhuniya M Chatterjee et al ldquoAcanthusilicifolius plant extract prevents DNA alterations in a trans-plantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing murine modelrdquoWorld Journal of Gastroenterology vol 13 no 48 pp 6538ndash65482007

[36] P V Khajure and J L Rathod ldquoPotential anticancer activityof Acanthus ilicifolius extracted from the Mangroves Forestof Karwar West Cost of Indiardquo World Journal of Science andTechnology vol 1 pp 1ndash6 2011

International Scholarly Research Notices 9

[37] M Firdaus A A Prihanto and R Nurdiani ldquoAntioxidant andcytotoxic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius flowerrdquo Asian PacificJournal of Tropical Biomedicine vol 3 no 1 pp 17ndash21 2013

[38] V Subramaniyan R Saravanan D Baskaran and SRamalalingam ldquoIn vitro free radical scavenging and anticancerpotential of Aristolochia indica L against MCF-7 cell linerdquoInternational Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesvol 7 no 6 pp 392ndash396 2015

[39] A Y K M Rana and J A Khanam ldquoAristolochia indica wholeplant extract as an Antineoplastic agentrdquo Journal of MedicalSciences vol 2 no 4 pp 2002ndash2205 2002

[40] H Nagasawa G Wu and H Inatomi ldquoEffects of aristolosidea component of guan-mu-tong (Caulis aristolochiae man-shuriensis) on normal and preneoplastic mammary glandgrowth in micerdquo Anticancer Research vol 17 no 1 pp 237ndash2401997

[41] P Garodia H Ichikawa N Malani G Sethi and B B Aggar-wal ldquoFrom ancient medicine to modern medicine ayurvedicconcepts of health and their role in inflammation and cancerrdquoJournal of the Society for Integrative Oncology vol 5 no 1 pp25ndash37 2007

[42] B Achari S Crakrabarty and S C Pakrashi ldquoAn N-glycosideand steroids from Aristolochia indicardquo Phytochemistry vol 20no 6 pp 1444ndash1445 1981

[43] N S Yarla R Azad M Basha et al ldquo5-lipoxygenase andcyclooxygenase inhibitory dammarane triterpenoid 1 fromborassus flabellifer seed coat inhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572secretion in LPSInduced THP-1 humanmonocytes and inducesapoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo Anti-CancerAgents inMedicinal Chemistry vol 15 no 8 pp 1066ndash1077 2015

[44] G R Duddukuri Y N Sastry D S VG K Kaladhar P ABabu K K Rao andKK Chaitanya ldquoPreliminary studies on invitro anti-tumor activity of tender seed coat extract of Borassusflabellifer L on hela cell linerdquo International Journal of CurrentResearch vol 3 no 7 pp 75ndash77 2011

[45] L-C Chiang H-Y Cheng C-C Chen and C-C Lin ldquoInvitro anti-leukemic and antiviral activities of traditionally usedmedicinal plants in Taiwanrdquo The American Journal of ChineseMedicine vol 32 no 5 pp 695ndash704 2004

[46] P Tiwari G Aluja A S Pandey and N Sharma ldquoIsolation andbiological evaluation of some phytoconstituents from Blumealacera (Burn F) DCrdquo International Journal of Pharmacy ampPharmaceutical Sciences vol 4 supplement 4 pp 148ndash150 2012

[47] PMassiM Solinas V Cinquina andD Parolaro ldquoCannabidiolas potential anticancer drugrdquoBritish Journal of Clinical Pharma-cology vol 75 no 2 pp 303ndash312 2013

[48] A EMunson L S HarrisM A FriedmanW L Dewey and RA Carchman ldquoAntineoplastic activity of cannabinoidsrdquo Journalof the National Cancer Institute vol 55 no 3 pp 597ndash602 1975

[49] N Freimuth R Ramer and B Hinz ldquoAntitumorigenic effects ofcannabinoids beyond apoptosisrdquo Journal of Pharmacology andExperimental Therapeutics vol 332 no 2 pp 336ndash344 2010

[50] G Velasco C Sanchez and M Guzman ldquoTowards the use ofcannabinoids as antitumour agentsrdquo Nature Reviews Cancervol 12 no 6 pp 436ndash444 2012

[51] G Velasco S Hernandez-Tiedra D Davila and M LorenteldquoThe use of cannabinoids as anticancer agentsrdquo Progress inNeuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry vol 64pp 259ndash266 2016

[52] P Saha U K Mazumder P K Haldar et al ldquoAnticanceractivity of methanol extract of Cucurbita maxima against

Ehrlich as-cites carcinomardquo International Journal of Research inPharmaceutical Sciences vol 2 no 1 pp 52ndash59 2011

[53] A Shrivastava A A Khan S K Jain et al ldquoBiotechnologicaladvancement in isolation of anti-neoplastic compounds fromnatural origin a novel source of L-asparaginaserdquo Acta Biomed-ica vol 81 no 2 pp 104ndash108 2010

[54] L A Clavell R D Gelber H J Cohen et al ldquoFour agentinduction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment ofchildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiardquo The New EnglandJournal of Medicine vol 315 no 11 pp 657ndash663 1986

[55] M D Story D W Voehringer L C Stephens and R E MeynldquoL-asparaginase kills lymphoma cells by apoptosisrdquo CancerChemotherapy and Pharmacology vol 32 no 2 pp 129ndash1331993

[56] M Anisuzzaman A H M M Rahman M Harun-Or-RashidA TMNaderuzzaman andAKMR Islam ldquoAn ethnobotan-ical study of madhupur Tangailrdquo Journal of Applied PolymerScience vol 3 no 7 pp 519ndash530 2007

[57] D Kumar S Mallick J R Vedasiromoni and B C PalldquoAnti-leukemic activity of Dillenia indica L fruit extract andquantification of betulinic acid by HPLCrdquo Phytomedicine vol17 no 6 pp 431ndash435 2010

[58] D Dutta A Sarkar B Chakraborty C Chowdhury and P DasldquoInduction of apoptosis by a potent Betulinic acid derivative inHuman colon carcinoma HT-29 cellsrdquo International Journal ofScientific and Research Publications vol 5 no 2 pp 1ndash7 2015

[59] Z-L Yu X-R Liu M McCulloch and J Gao ldquoAnticancereffects of various fractions extracted from Dioscorea bulbiferaon mice bearing HepArdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 29no 6 pp 563ndash567 2004

[60] J-M Wang L-L Ji C J Banford-White et al ldquoAntitumoractivity of Dioscorea bulbifera L rhizome in vivordquo Fitoterapiavol 83 no 2 pp 388ndash394 2012

[61] B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoIn vitro cytotoxic and antitumorproperty of Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC in micerdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 73 no 3 pp 495ndash500 2000

[62] B S Shylesh S AjikumaranNair andA Subramoniam ldquoInduc-tion of cell-specific apoptosis and protection from Daltonrsquoslymphoma challenge in mice by an active fraction from Emiliasonchifoliardquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 37 no 4 pp232ndash237 2005

[63] H Lage N Duarte C Coburger A Hilgeroth and M J UFerreira ldquoAntitumor activity of terpenoids against classical andatypical multidrug resistant cancer cellsrdquo Phytomedicine vol 17no 6 pp 441ndash448 2010

[64] T Herlina Nasrudin U Supratman A Subamas A Sutardjoand H Hayashi ldquoAn isoflavonoid warangalone from the stembark of dadap ayam (Erythrina variegata)rdquo Journal of BasicSciences vol 9 no 1 pp 45ndash47 2008

[65] H Tati K Nurlelasari Dikdik S Unang and U Zalinar ldquoInvitro anticancer and antimalarial Erystagallin-a from Erythrinavariegata (L) stem barkrdquoMedicinal Plants vol 3 no 1 pp 9ndash132011

[66] M P Balasubramaniam and S Premkumari ldquoEffects ofHygrophila auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymesinN-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular Carcinoma inratsrdquo Journal of Herbal Medicine vol 1 pp 85ndash90 2012

[67] S J Uddin I D Grice and E Tiralongo ldquoCytotoxic effects ofBangladeshi medicinal plant extractsrdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2011 Article ID 5780927 pages 2011

10 International Scholarly Research Notices

[68] I LamprontiM T Khan N Bianchi et al ldquoBangladeshimedic-inal plant extracts inhibiting molecular interactions betweennuclear factors and target DNA sequences mimicking NF-120581Bbinding sitesrdquo Medicinal chemistry vol 1 no 4 pp 327ndash3332005

[69] S Ahmed A Rahman M Mathur M Athar and S Sul-tana ldquoAnti-tumor promoting activity of Asteracantha longifoliaagainst experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in ratsrdquo Food andChemical Toxicology vol 39 no 1 pp 19ndash28 2001

[70] R Bharali J Tabassum andM RH Azad ldquoChemomodulatoryeffect ofMoringa oleifera lam on hepatic carcinogenmetabolis-ing enzymes antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesisin micerdquo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention vol 4 no2 pp 131ndash139 2003

[71] M V S Parvathy and A Umamaheshwari ldquoCytotoxic effect ofMoringa oleifera leaf extracts on human multiple myeloma celllinesrdquo Trends in Medical Research vol 2 no 1 pp 44ndash50 2007

[72] L Berkovich G Earon I Ron A Rimmon A Vexler andS Lev-Ari ldquoMoringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract down-regulates nuclear factor-120581B and increases cytotoxic effect ofchemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo BMCComplementaryand Alternative Medicine vol 13 article 212 2013

[73] I L Jung ldquoSoluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves witha new anticancer activityrdquo PLoS ONE vol 9 no 4 Article IDe95492 2014

[74] L V Costa-Lotufo M T H Khan A Ather et al ldquoStudiesof the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folkmedicinerdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 99 no 1 pp 21ndash30 2005

[75] A Murakami A M Ali K Mat-Salleh K Koshimizu andH Ohigashi ldquoScreening for the in vitro anti-tumor-promotingactivities of edible plants fromMalaysiardquo Bioscience Biotechnol-ogy and Biochemistry vol 64 no 1 pp 9ndash16 2000

[76] I Lajter I Zupko J Molnar et al ldquoAntiproliferative activity ofpolygonaceae species from theCarpathian Basin against humancancer cell linesrdquo Phytotherapy Research vol 27 no 1 pp 77ndash852013

[77] J Ma Y Zi Jiang H Shi et al ldquoCucurbitacin B inhibitsthe translational expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1120572rdquoEuropean Journal of Pharmacology vol 723 no 1 pp 46ndash542014

[78] L Pan Y Yong Y Deng et al ldquoIsolation structure eluci-dation and biological evaluation of 1623-epoxycucurbitacinconstituents from eleaocarpus Chinensisrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 75 no 3 pp 444ndash452 2012

[79] S R Kim H S Seo H-S Choi et al ldquoTrichosanthes kirilowiiethanol extract and cucurbitacin D inhibit cell growth andinduce apoptosis through inhibition of STAT3 activity in breastcancer cellsrdquo Evidence-Based Complementary and AlternativeMedicine vol 2013 Article ID 975350 9 pages 2013

[80] N Takahashi Y Yoshida T Sugiura K Matsuno A Fujinoand U Yamashita ldquoCucurbitacin D isolated from Trichosantheskirilowii induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomacells in vitrordquo International Immunopharmacology vol 9 no 4pp 508ndash513 2009

[81] D R A Mans A B Da Rocha and G Schwartsmann ldquoAnti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil targeted plantcollection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancercompoundsrdquo Oncologist vol 5 no 3 pp 185ndash198 2000

[82] L Pan H-B Chai and A D Kinghorn ldquoDiscovery of newanticancer agents from higher plantsrdquo Frontiers in Biosciencevol 4 no 1 pp 142ndash156 2012

[83] M A Jordan and L Wilson ldquoMicrotubules as a target foranticancer drugsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 4 no 4 pp 253ndash265 2004

[84] D G I Kingston ldquoTubulin-interactive natural products asanticancer agentsrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 72 no 3pp 507ndash515 2009

[85] K R Hande ldquoEtoposide four decades of development of atopoisomerase II inhibitorrdquo European Journal of Cancer vol 34no 10 pp 1514ndash1521 1998

[86] G M Cragg and D J Newman ldquoA tale of two tumor targetstopoisomerase I and tubulin The Wall and Wani contributionto cancer chemotherapyrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67no 2 pp 232ndash244 2004

[87] Y-H Hsiang M G Lihou and L F Liu ldquoArrest of replicationforks by drug-stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable com-plexes as a mechanism of cell killing by camptothecinrdquo CancerResearch vol 49 no 18 pp 5077ndash5082 1989

[88] D C Zhou R Zittoun and J PMarie ldquoHomoharringtonine aneffective new natural product in cancer chemotherapyrdquo Bulletindu Cancer vol 82 no 12 pp 987ndash995 1995

[89] H Itokawa X Wang and K-H Lee ldquoHomoharringtonineand related compoundsrdquo in Anticancer Agents from NaturalProducts M CraggGordon G KingstonDavid and J NewmanDavid Eds pp 47ndash70 CRCTaylor amp Francis Boca Raton FlaUSA 2005

[90] A Quintas-Cardama H Kantarjian and J Cortes ldquoHomohar-ringtonine omacetaxine mepesuccinate and chronic myeloidleukemia circa 2009rdquo Cancer vol 115 no 23 pp 5382ndash53932009

[91] B B Aggarwal C Sundaram N Malani and H IchikawaldquoCurcumin the Indian solid goldrdquo Advances in ExperimentalMedicine and Biology vol 595 pp 1ndash75 2007

[92] G Sa T Das S Banerjee and J Chakraborty ldquoCurcumin fromexotic spice to modern anticancer drugrdquo Al Ameen Journal ofMedical Sciences vol 3 no 1 pp 21ndash37 2010

[93] B B Aggarwal A Bhardwaj R S Aggarwal N P Seeram SShishodia and Y Takada ldquoRole of resveratrol in prevention andtherapy of cancer preclinical and clinical studiesrdquo AnticancerResearch vol 24 no 5 pp 2783ndash2840 2004

[94] M Athar J H Back X Tang et al ldquoResveratrol a review ofpreclinical studies for human cancer preventionrdquo Toxicologyand Applied Pharmacology vol 224 no 3 pp 274ndash283 2007

[95] A Bishayee T Politis and A S Darvesh ldquoResveratrol in thechemoprevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomardquoCancer Treatment Reviews vol 36 no 1 pp 43ndash53 2010

[96] V Krystof and S Uldrijan ldquoCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitorsas anticancer drugsrdquoCurrent Drug Targets vol 11 no 3 pp 291ndash302 2010

[97] A M Senderowicz ldquoFlavopiridol the first cyclin-dependentkinase inhibitor in human clinical trialsrdquo Investigational NewDrugs vol 17 no 3 pp 313ndash320 1999

[98] R Li C Wang T Chen and P Chen ldquoQuantitative proteomicanalysis of cold-responsive proteins inAbelmoschus moschatusrdquoJournal of Animal amp Plant Sciences vol 14 no 3 pp 2006ndash20232012

[99] I Molfetta L Ceccarini M Macchia G Flamini and P LCioni ldquoAbelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench and AbelmoschusmoschatusMedik seeds production and analysis of the volatilecompoundsrdquo Food Chemistry vol 141 no 1 pp 34ndash40 2013

[100] M N Ahmed T Sultana M N K Azam andM RahmatullahldquoA preliminary antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity

International Scholarly Research Notices 11

evaluation of a mangrove speciesAcanthus ilicifolius L leaves inmicerdquo Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines vol 9 no 6 pp143ndash149 2014

[101] R Wostmann and G Liebezeit ldquoChemical composition of themangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae)mdashreview andadditional datardquo Senckenbergiana Maritima vol 38 no 1 pp31ndash37 2008

[102] U Kokpol V Chittawong and D H Miles ldquoChemical con-stituents of the roots of Acanthus illicifoliusrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 49 no 2 pp 355ndash356 1986

[103] K P Tiwara P KMinocha andMMasood ldquoAcanthicifolinemdasha new alkaloid from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Polish Journal ofChemistry vol 54 pp 857ndash858 1980

[104] C-H Huo B Wang W-H Lin and Y-Y Zhao ldquoBenzoxazi-nones from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Biochemical Systematics andEcology vol 33 no 6 pp 643ndash645 2005

[105] A Pakrashi and C Shaha ldquoEffect of methyl ester of aristolicacid from Aristolochia indica Linn on fertility of female micerdquoExperientia vol 34 no 9 pp 1192ndash1193 1978

[106] I Laakso T Seppanen-Laakso R Hiltunen and O EkundayoldquoComposition of the essential oil of Blumea lacera DC (Aster-aceae) leaves from Nigeriardquo Flavour and Fragrance Journal vol4 no 2 pp 73ndash75 1989

[107] S Subashini V Rameshkannan and P Mani ldquoPhytochemicaland GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from borassusflabellifer linn from rootrdquoEuropean Journal ofMolecular Biologyand Biochemistry vol 2 no 3 pp 148ndash152 2015

[108] M Guzman ldquoCannabinoids potential anticancer agentsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 3 no 10 pp 745ndash755 2003

[109] R Pandey R K Verma and M M Gupta ldquoNeo-clerodanediterpenoids from Clerodendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol66 no 6 pp 643ndash648 2005

[110] T Kanchanapoom R Kasai P Chumsri Y Hiraga and KYamasaki ldquoMegastigmane and iridoid glucosides from Clero-dendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol 58 no 2 pp 333ndash3362001

[111] S D Dubey ldquoOverview on Cucurbita maximardquo InternationalJournal of Phytopharmacy vol 2 no 3 pp 68ndash71 2012

[112] K R Dutta S Banerjee andAMitra ldquoMedicinal plants ofWestmidnapore India emphasis on phytochemical containmenthaving role on oral cancerrdquo International Journal of Phytophar-macology vol 3 no 2 pp 198ndash208 2012

[113] A Murakami M Nakashima T Koshiba et al ldquoModifyingeffects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generationfrom stimulated leukocytesrdquo Cancer Letters vol 149 no 1-2 pp115ndash123 2000

[114] S M Sundarapandian and P S Swamy ldquoLitter production andleaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropicalforests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats Indiardquo Forest Ecologyand Management vol 123 no 2-3 pp 231ndash244 1999

[115] D Gandhi and P Mehta ldquoDillenia indica Linn and Dilleniapentagyna Roxb pharmacognostic phytochemical and thera-peutic aspectsrdquo Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science vol3 no 11 pp 134ndash142 2013

[116] H Gao M Kuroyanagi L Wu N Kawahara T Yasuno and YNakamura ldquoAntitumor-promoting constituents fromDioscoreabulbifera L in JB6 mouse epidermal cellsrdquo Biological andPharmaceutical Bulletin vol 25 no 9 pp 1241ndash1243 2002

[117] J J Gao D L Cheng and X P Liu ldquoChemical constituents ofEmilia sonchifolia L DCrdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 18no 2 pp 102ndash127 1993

[118] T K Datta and P S Basu ldquoHuman erythrocyte specific lectinfrom the seeds of Indian coral tree Erythrina variegata Linnvar orientali Linn Merrillrdquo Journal of Biosciences vol 5 no 1pp 25ndash30 1983

[119] L Xiaoli W Naili W M Sau A S C Chen and Y XinshengldquoFour new isoflavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrinavariegatardquo Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 54 no 4pp 570ndash573 2006

[120] A Kumar S Lingadurai A Jain and N R Barman ldquoErythrinavariegata Linn a review on morphology phytochemistry andpharmacological aspectsrdquo Pharmacognosy Reviews vol 4 no8 pp 147ndash152 2010

[121] A Ghani Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with ChemicalConstituents and Uses Asiatic Society of Bangladesh DhakaBangladesh 2003

[122] P Bairaj and S Nagarajan ldquoApigenin 7-O-glucuronide from theflowers of Asteracantha longifolia Neesrdquo Indian Drugs vol 19pp 150ndash152 1982

[123] V V Parashar and H Singh ldquoInvestigation of Astercanthalongifolia Neesrdquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 27 no 4pp 109ndash113 1965

[124] T R Govindachari K Nagarajan and B R Pai ldquoIsolation oflupeol from the root of Asteracantha longifolia neesrdquo IndianJournal of Scientific Research B vol 16 article 72 1957

[125] T N Misra R S Singh H S Pandey B K Singh and R PPandey ldquoConstituents of Asteracantha longifoliardquo Fitoterapiavol 72 no 2 pp 194ndash196 2001

[126] C Quasim and N L Dutta ldquoReported the prescence ofstigmasterol in the root ofAsteracantha longifoliaNeesrdquo Journalof Indian Chemical Society vol 44 article 82 1967

[127] C K Bose ldquoPossible role of Moringa oleifera Lam root inepithelial ovarian cancerrdquo Medscape General Medicine vol 9article 26 2007

[128] A P Guevara C Vargas H Sakurai et al ldquoAn antitumor pro-moter fromMoringa oleifera LamrdquoMutation ResearchGeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis vol 440 no 2 pp181ndash188 1999

[129] Atta-ur-Rahman M Shabbir S Z Sultani A Jabbar and MI Choudhary ldquoCinnamates and coumarins from the leaves ofMurraya paniculatardquo Phytochemistry vol 44 no 4 pp 683ndash685 1997

[130] J K Lin and T S Wu ldquoConstituents of flowers of Murrayapaniculatardquo Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society vol 41 no2 pp 213ndash216 1994

[131] T-S Wu M-J Liou T-T Jong Y-J Chen and J-S LaildquoIndole alkaloids and coumarins from the root bark ofMurrayapaniculata var Omphalocarpardquo Phytochemistry vol 28 no 10pp 2873ndash2874 1989

[132] T-S Wu Y-Y Chan Y-L Leu and S-C Huang ldquoA flavonoidand indole alkaloid from flowers of Murraya paniculatardquoPhytochemistry vol 37 no 1 pp 287ndash288 1994

[133] M Parimala and F G Shoba ldquoPhytochemical analysis andIn vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract ofNymphaea nouchali Burm frdquo Asian Pacific Journal of TropicalBiomedicine vol 3 no 11 pp 887ndash895 2013

[134] S R Kabir M A Zubair M Nurujjaman et al ldquoPurificationand characterization of a Ca2+-dependent novel lectin fromNymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activitiesrdquo Bio-science Reports vol 31 no 6 pp 465ndash475 2011

[135] A K M M Huq J A Jamal and J Stanslas ldquoEthnobotanicalphytochemical pharmacological and toxicological aspects of

12 International Scholarly Research Notices

Persicaria hydropiper (L) delarbrerdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2014 Article ID 78283011 pages 2014

[136] V Vadivel A Patel and H K Biesalski ldquoEffect of traditionalprocessing methods on the antioxidant 120572-amylase and 120572-glucosidase enzyme inhibition properties of Sesbania sesbanMerrill seedsrdquo CyTAmdashJournal of Food vol 10 no 2 pp 128ndash136 2012

[137] N Das P Chandran and S Chakraborty ldquoPotent spermicidaleffect of oleanolic acid 3-beta-d-glucuronide an active principleisolated from the plant Sesbania sesbanMerrillrdquo Contraceptionvol 83 no 2 pp 167ndash175 2011

[138] M Kathiresh P D Suganya andM Saravanakumar ldquoBioactivecompounds in Sesbania sesban flower and its antioxidant andantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Pharmacy Research vol 5 no1 pp 293ndash390 2012

[139] M E Barbercheck and J Wang ldquoEffect of cucurbitacin Don in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus sppsymbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodesrdquo Journal ofInvertebrate Pathology vol 68 no 2 pp 141ndash145 1996

[140] CMi JMaH Shi et al ldquo410158406-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoauroneinhibits the HIF-1120572 pathway through inhibition of AktmTORp70S6K4E-BP1 phosphorylationrdquo Journal of PharmacologicalSciences vol 125 no 2 pp 193ndash201 2014

[141] M Valyova V Hadjimitova S Stoyanov Y Ganeva and ITrayko Petkov ldquoFree radical scavenging activity of extractsfrom Bulgarian Veronica officinalis L and GC-MS analysis ofethanol extractrdquoThe Internet Journal of Aesthetic and AntiagingMedicine vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2008

[142] I Saracoglu F H Oztunca A Nagatsu and U S HarputldquoIridoid content and biological activities of Veronica cuneifoliasubsp cuneifolia and V cymbalariardquo Pharmaceutical Biologyvol 49 no 11 pp 1150ndash1157 2011

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

PainResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Volume 2014

ToxinsJournal of

VaccinesJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AntibioticsInternational Journal of

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Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

StrokeResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Drug DeliveryJournal of

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Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences

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Medicinal ChemistryInternational Journal of

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Emergency Medicine InternationalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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Autoimmune Diseases

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Pharmaceutics

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of

Page 3: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

International Scholarly Research Notices 3

(a)

(km)55 0 10

(b)

4 84 0(km)

(c)

2 2 4 60(km)

(d)

Figure 1 (a) Map of Bangladesh showing survey area with square shade (b) Khulna district (c) Jessore District and (d) Narail District

the development of anticancer drugs [28] Over 3000 plantsspecies have been reported to have anticancer properties [29]and about 35000 plant samples from 20 countries have beencollected and around 114000 extracts were screened againsttumor systems used as a primary screen [30] Clinically activeantineoplastic agents should be able to prolong the survivaland decrease the leukocyte count of blood of tumor-bearinganimals [31] Examples of some well-known plant-derivedantineoplastic lead compounds along with their specificmechanism of actions are summarized in Table 3

41 Appraisement of Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants Used bythe Folk Medicine Practitioners for Antineoplastic PropertiesSecondary metabolites are compounds belonging to variedchemical groups that exert biological activities both on

human and animal cells Products of secondary metabo-lites are the main phytochemical constituents with variouspharmaceutical properties serving either as protective agentsagainst various pathogens or growth regulatory moleculesThese physiological functions are the effects on cancer cellsor tumor development inhibition Plant-derived commercialanticancer drugs (vinblastine and vincristine from Catha-ranthus roseus) are still produced by isolation from growingplants [32] In Table 4 we have listed some reported plant-derived chemical compounds from the antineoplastic plantsused by the Bangladeshi folk health practitioners in thetreatment of cancer

42 Abelmoschus moschatus (Musk Mallow) Hydroalcoholicseed and leaf extracts of Abelmoschus moschatus exhibited

4 International Scholarly Research Notices

Table 1 Medicinal plants used by the folk medicine practitioners in three districts of Bangladesh for prevention and management ofmalignancy in cancer

Serial number Botanic name Family name Vernacular name Part(s) utilized1 Acanthus ilicifolius L Acanthaceae Harjora Leaf2 Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach) Heine Acanthaceae Makhna Leaf3 Borassus flabellifer L Arecaceae Tal Root fruit4 Aristolochia indica L Aristolochiaceae Ichamul Leaf5 Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC ex DC Asteraceae Shadhi Whole plant6 Cannabis sativa L Cannabaceae Bhang Leaf root7 Blumea lacera (Burm f) DC Compositae Kukurshunga Leaf8 Trichosanthes kirilowii (Maxim) Kuntze Cucurbitaceae Lotaakal Whole plant9 Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Cucurbitaceae Kumra Leaf stem and fruit10 Dillenia indica L Dilleniaceae Chalta Leaf fruit11 Dioscorea bulbifera L Dioscoreaceae Lota-bori Root fruit12 Erythrina variegata L Fabaceae Mandar gach Leaf13 Sesbania sesban (L) Merr Fabaceae Dhoinche Leaf bark flower and seed14 Abelmoschus moschatusMedik Malvaceae Lota koshturi Leaf seed15 Moringa oleifera Lam Moringaceae Shajna Leaf16 Nymphaea nouchali Burm f Nymphaeaceae Shapla Tuber root17 Persicaria hydropiper (L) Delarbre Polygonaceae Bishalo-pata Leaf seed18 Murraya paniculata (L) Jack Rutaceae Kamini gach Leaf19 Veronica officinalis L Scrophulariaceae Chapta-pata Whole plant20 Clerodendrum inerme (L) Gaertn Verbenaceae Jongli jui Root

Bark 310Stem

Tuber 310

Flower 310

Leaf 4060

Root

Fruit 1250Seed 940

Whole plant

Other

940

1560

310

930

Figure 2 Percentage of plant parts used by the traditional medicinepractitioners in the prevention and management of cancer

antiproliferative activity against colorectal adenocarcinomaand retinoblastoma human cancer cell lines [33]

43 Acanthus ilicifolius (HollyMangrove) The ethanol leavesrsquoextract of the plant was found [34] to be cytotoxic towardslung fibroblast cells in MTT assay Another study [35]reported that the plant extract has been shown to pre-vent DNA alterations in a transplantable Ehrlich Ascitescarcinoma-bearing murine model and in enlargement of thesurvival of the animals against the proliferation of ascitestumor Ethyl acetate extract of the whole plant of A ilicifoliushas a potential cytotoxic activity on HeLa cell and KB celllines by comet assay [36] Active compounds of A ilicifoliusflower play a role in killing Artemia salina nauplii and can

Table 2 List of cancer types [23]

Lung cancer Breast cancerColorectal cancer Liver cancer

Pancreatic cancerCancers of the female reproductive tract(cervical cancer endometrial cancerand ovarian cancer)

Prostate cancer Urinary bladder cancerLymphoma LeukemiaSkin cancer Cancer of the central nervous system

be considered as potential cytotoxic agents as well as futurecandidate for cancer therapy [37]

44 Aristolochia indica (Indian Birthwort) The cytotoxicityand antitumor activity of the chloroform extracts of Aris-tolochia indica were assessed in human breast cancer cellline by MTT assay using taxol as standard and showedpronounced anticancer activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carci-noma cell line [38 39] Aristoloside compound was reportedto inhibit carcinogenesis [40] Aristolochic acid was reportedto possess various biological activities including antiadeno-carcinoma antineoplastic [41] and antitumor activities [42]

45 Borassus flabellifer (Asian Palmyra Palm) Dammaranetriterpenoid 1 isolated from Borassus flabellifer seed coatinhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572 and showed good antiprolif-erative activity against pancreatic cancer cell line Apoptosis

International Scholarly Research Notices 5

Table 3 List of some plant-derived antineoplastic lead compounds currently in use and currently in clinical trials [81 82]

Source of plant Specific mechanism of actions of the lead compoundsAntineoplastic lead compounds currentlyin use

Vinblastine Vincristine Catharanthus roseus Bind to the microtubulin site in the 120573-subunit and disrupt theassembly of microtubules in mitosis [83]

Taxol Taxus brevifoliaBinds to the taxane site as a microtubule stabilizer and interferingwith the normal breakdown of microtubules during cell division[84]

Etoposide Podophyllum peltatum Binds to tubulin and interferes with the formation of spindles inmitosis [85]

Camptothecin irinotecan andtopotecan Camptotheca acuminata

Arrest the cell cycle at the S-phase by inhibiting the activity oftopoisomerase I leading to the inhibition of DNA replication andtranscription [86 87]

Antineoplastic lead compounds currentlyin clinical trials

Homoharringtonine Harringtoniacephalotaxus

Inhibits protein synthesis and blocking cell-cycle progression [88]promotes apoptosis and inhibits protein synthesis at the ribosomallevel [89 90]

Curcumin Curcuma longa

Induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of a variety ofmalignant cells and is involved in the regulation of combinedsignaling pathways at multiple levels by acting on various targetsincluding modulation of gene transcription factors (NF120581B p53and AP-1) growth factors and their receptors (PDGF EGF andVEGF) cell surface adhesion molecules (E-cadherin 120573-cadenin)and protein kinases (CDKs EGFR PKC and p38 MAPK) [91 92]

ResveratrolVitis vinifera Morusalba and Arachishypogaea

Inhibits the growth of cancer cells and induces apoptosis by actingat multiple cellular targets including activation of p53 inhibiting10 otulins 10 genases and cytochrome P450 enzymes andactivating AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) [93ndash95]

Flavopiridol Amoora rohituka

Exhibits apoptosis induction [96] inhibits the activity ofcyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) by competing with ATP at theirnucleotide binding sites and causes cell cycle arrest at either the G1or G1M phases [97]

inducing activity was confirmed based on increased sub-G0 phase cell population in cell cycle analysis loss of mito-chondrial membrane potential elevated levels of cytochromec nuclear morphological changes and DNA fragmentationin MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells [43] B flabelliferseed coat extracts were screened in another study [44] fortheir possible anticancer activity on growth of the HeLacells and these preliminary studies indicated that even thelower concentrations of plant extract showed significantantiproliferative activity

46 Blumea lacera (Blumea) There is an in vitro study [45]that showed that Blumea lacera exhibited broad spectrumantileukemic activity against K562 L1210 P3HR1 and U937leukemia cells Methanolic extract of B lacera leaves has alsoshowed cytotoxic activity against human gastric adenocarci-noma cell line human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lineand human breast ductal carcinoma cell line [46]

47 Cannabis sativa (Hemp) The interest in anticarcinogenicproperties of cannabinoidswas renewed after the discovery ofthe endocannabinoid system [47] The administration of Δ9-THCΔ8-THC and cannabinol inhibited the growth of Lewis

lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro as well as in vivo after oraladministration in mice [48] Antitumorigenic mechanismsof cannabinoids are showing their ability to interfere withtumor neovascularization cancer cell migration adhesioninvasion and metastasis [49] The mechanism of cannabi-noidsrsquo anticancer action depends on the ability of their agentsto stimulate autophagy-mediated apoptotic cancer cell deaththus cannabinoid action helps in cancer cell death impairstumor angiogenesis and blocks invasion and metastasis [50]and cannabinoids are currently also being tested as anticanceragents in phase III clinical studies [51]

48 Cucurbita maxima (Pumpkin) Methanol extract ofCucurbita maxima aerial parts has been performed againstEhrlich Ascites Carcinoma model in mice by Saha et al[52] for the antitumor activity and the results revealed thatC maxima possesses significant anticancer activity whichmay be due to its cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties L-asparaginase is an antineoplastic agent identified from fruitof C maxima used for treatment of a type of cancer that isacute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkinrsquos lymphoma[53] as well as being experimentally used as an anticanceragent in human patients [54 55]

6 International Scholarly Research Notices

Table4Listof

repo

rted

phytochemicalsfrom

Bang

ladeshiantineoplastic

plantsused

byfolkmedicinep

ractition

ers

Seria

lnum

ber

Plantsou

rce

Phytochemicalconstituents

Reference

1Ab

elmoschus

moschatus

Urid

ine(1-[(3R4S5R)-34-dihydroxy-5-

(hydroxymethyl)o

xolan-2-yl]pyrim

idine-

24-dion

e)n

-tridecaneiso

pentyl2-methylbutanoateand

decanal

[9899]

2Ac

anthus

ilicifolius

Flavon

oidsglycosid

essapon

insste

roidsandtann

inslupeol120572

-amyrinolcanolicacid

andursolic

acidssapo

ninand

triterpenoidsapo

nin

steroids(stigmasterolcampeste

rolandsitosterol)

alkaloids(acanthicifo

linea

ndbenzoxazinium)

andph

enolics(acanfolio

sideilicifolio

sideacteosideverbascosid

eandapigenin)

[100ndash104]

3Ar

istolochiaindica

Aris

tolochicacidflavon

oidstanninsglycosid

espheno

landsapo

nins

[38105]

4Blum

ealacera

Thym

oquino

ldim

ethyl120573-caryoph

yllene120572

-hum

uleneandE-120573-fa

rnesene5-hydroxy-36731015840

41015840

-pentametho

xyflavone

53101584041015840

-trihydroxy

flavone

[46106]

5Bo

rassu

sflabellifer

Dam

maranetriterpeno

idresorcino

lph

enolpentano

icacidglycerin

10-un

decenyleste

roctadecano

icacidand

n-hexadecano

icacid

[43107]

6Ca

nnabissativa

Cann

abinoidsΔ

9-TH

CΔ8-TH

C[48108]

7Clerodendrum

inerme

Neocle

rodane

diterpenoids

(inermes

AB

and1415

-dihydro-15120573

-metho

xy-3-epicaryop

tin)megastig

maneg

lycosid

esand

irido

idglycoside

[109110]

8Cu

curbita

maxim

aCa

rboh

ydratesalkaloidsglycosidestanninsflavon

oidsand

sapo

nins

steroidsL-asparaginaseglutamicacidcalcium

andresin

and120573-carotenelycopeneand

lutein

[53111ndash113]

9Dilleniaindica

Dihydroiso

rham

netin

dillenetintannin

betunaldehydebetulin

icacidrhamnetin

dihydroiso

rham

netin

lup

eol

myricetinn

aringenin

quercetin

andkaem

pferolglucosideandstigmasterol

[114115]

10Dioscorea

bulbifera

Kaem

pferol-35-dim

ethylethercaryatin

(L)-catechin

myricetinquercetin-3-O

-galactopyrano

side

myricetin-3-O

-galactopyrano

sidemyricetin-3-O

-glucopyrano

sideanddiosbu

lbin

B[116]

11Em

iliasonchifolia

Beta-sito

sterolstigmasterolpalm

itica

cidandho

neyacid

[117]

12Erythrinavarie

gata

Lectinisoflavonesalkaloidsflavono

idspterocarpanstriterpenesste

roidsalkyltransferulatesproteinslecithin

1011-dioxoerythratidineandcrystagallinA

[65118

ndash120]

13Hygrophila

auric

ulata

Flavon

oids

andpo

lyph

enolsapigenin

7-O-glucuronide

alkaloids(asteracanthine

andasteracanthicine)triterpenes

(lupeol

hydrocarbo

nhentria

contane13

otulinluteolin

and

luteolin-7-O

-rutinoside)alip

hatic

esters(25-oxo-hentria

contyl

acetatemethyl8-nhexyltetracosanoate)andste

rols(stig

masterol)

[121ndash126]

14Moringa

oleifera

Flavon

oidpigm

ents(kaempferolrhamnetin

isoqu

ercitrinand

kaem

pferitrin)glycosidec

ompo

undsglucosin

olatesand

isothiocyanatesbeta-sitosterolglycerol-1-(9-octadecanoate)3-O-(61015840-O

-oleoyl-b

eta-D-glucopyrano

syl)

beta-sito

sterol

andbeta-sito

sterol-3

-O-beta-D-glucopyrano

side

[127128]

15Murraya

paniculata

Cou

marins(7-metho

xy-8-(3-methyl-2

-oxobu

toxy)-2H

-chrom

en-2-oneumbelliferoneand

scop

olin)indo

lealkaloids

(murrayacarin

eand

murrayaculatine)

[129ndash132]

16Ny

mphaeanouchali

Protein

carboh

ydratereducingsugarglycosidespheno

ltann

inflavon

essapon

insteroidalkaloidanthraqu

inon

equ

inon

eandlectin

[133134]

17Persica

riahydropiper

Apigenin-7-O

-glucosid

ecatechinepicatechinhyperinisoqu

ercitrinkaempferolkaempferolrutin

osidequ

ercitrin

persicarinrhamnetin

polygon

icacidpolygod

ialacetal

[135]

18Sesbaniasesban

Oleanolicacidstig

mastane-524(28)-diene-3120573

-O-120573-D

-galactopyrano

sidegalactom

annan

phenolsflavono

idsa

ndanthocyaninsand

sapo

nin

[136ndash138]

19Trich

osantheskirilow

iiCu

curbita

cinB

cucurbita

cinD41015840

6-dihydroxy-4-m

etho

xyiso

aurone

[77139140]

20Veronica

officin

alis

Terpeneseste

rssteroids(ste

rolsandste

renes)p-hydroxyph

enylethylalco

holmaltolandlolio

lide120573-sito

sterol

120572-lino

lenica

ndlin

oleica

cidandirido

idglucoside

[141142]

International Scholarly Research Notices 7

49 Dillenia indica (Elephant Apple) Leaf powder ofDilleniaindica is given in treatment of breast cancer [56] Themethanolic extract ofD indica has been found to have signifi-cant antileukemic activity in human leukemic cell lines U937HL60 and K562 [57] Methanolic extracts of betulinic acidwere prepared from theD indica fruits inducing apoptosis inHT-29 cells via mitochondrial dependent pathway and prov-ing to be a potential therapeutic agent for colon cancer [58]

410 Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato) Petroleum ether frac-tion of the plant showed potential effects against HepAwith microstructure abnormality of HepA cells surface [59]Immune system modulation might be related to antitumoreffects of D bulbifera rhizome as reported in S180 and H22tumor cells bearing mice [60]

411 Emilia sonchifolia (Lilac Tasselflower) The aqueousand methanolic extracts of the leaves of Emilia sonchifoliagradually exhibit antitumor activities [61] The n-hexaneextract of E sonchifolia has anticancer effect and is richin terpenoids [62] and terpenoids were evaluated for theirpotential antineoplastic activity in various human cancer celllines such as gastric pancreatic and colon carcinomas [63]

412 Erythrina variegata (Tigerrsquos Claw) Steroid derived fromthe stem bark and the leaves of Erythrina variegata showedanticancer activity against in vitro breast cancer cell T47D[64] Alkaloids (1011-dioxoerythratidine and crystagallin A)extracted from the leaves and stem bark of E variegataplant strongly stated in vitro anticancer activity against breastcancer T47D cell lines in vitro using the Sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay [65]

413 Hygrophila auriculata (Marsh Barbel) The effect ofH auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma inrats [66] The aqueous seed extract from H auriculatadisplayed selective cancer cell cytotoxicity with an IC50 valueof 022mgmLminus1 against colon cancer cells [67] In vitro studyof H auriculata extracts has reported antitumor and NF120581Binhibition [68] Ahmad et al reported antitumor activityfromplant extract against chemically induced hepatocarcino-genesis in Wister rats [69]

414 Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree) A hydroalcoholicextract ofMoringa oleifera study revealed possible chemopre-ventive potential against chemical carcinogenesis [70]Differ-ent leaf extracts ofM oleifera produced significant cytotoxiceffects on human multiple myeloma cultured cell lines [71]A study [72] showed that leaves extract ofM oleifera can sig-nificantly obstruct the growth of cultured human pancreaticcarcinoma cells by inhibiting the NF-120581B signaling pathwayMost of the anticancer studies ofM oleifera have not focusedon the molecular basis of the tumor-suppressive activity butstrongly suggested that it could potentially be a supremeanticancer candidate specific to cancer cells [73 74]

415 Nymphaea nouchali (Blue Water Lily) The methanolicextract of Nymphaea nouchali roots has showed inhibitoryactivity towards tumor promoter in the Raji cells [75]

416 Persicaria hydropiper (Water Pepper) In vitro antiprolif-erative activity of Polygonum hydropiper (synonymy) extractswas evaluated against cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma skinepidermoid carcinoma and breast epithelial adenocarcinomacells and the results confirmed substantial cell growthinhibitory activity against one or more cell lines [76]

417 Trichosanthes kirilowii (Chinese Cucumber) A triter-penoid compound named cucurbitacin B isolated from Tri-chosanthes kirilowii showed the potent inhibitory activityagainst HIF-1 activation induced by hypoxia in varioushuman cancer cell lines In vivo studies confirmed the inhibi-tory effect of cucurbitacin B on the expression of HIF-1120572proteins leading to a decrease growth of HeLa cells in axenograft tumor model [77] Cucurbitacin D isolated fromthe plant has also been shown to suppress proliferation ofHT-29 human colon cancer cells [78] and the compound could bepotent therapeutic agent for breast cancer by blocking tumorcell proliferation and inducing apoptosis through suppressionof STAT3 activity [79] and it could also induce apoptosis inhuman hepatocellular carcinoma cells [80]

5 Conclusions

Among twenty plant species four of the species used byfolk medicine practitioners have no strong published dataregarding anticancer or cytotoxic activities These 4 speciesareC inermeM paniculata S sesban andV officinalis Fromjust a brief survey of the literature it appears that the rest ofthe sixteen plants used by the Kabirajes in three districts ofBangladesh present considerable potential in the treatmentof cancer Further scientific studies need to be conducted onthese plants towards discovery of lead compounds whichcan lead to formulation of new drugs for the prevention andmanagement ofmalignant neoplastic diseases with giving lessor no side effects

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare they have no competing interests

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank all the medicine practitioners forproviding useful information regarding cancer treatment

References

[1] B Vogelstein and K W Kinzler The Genetic Basis of HumanCancer McGraw-Hill New York NY USA 2nd edition 2002

[2] W Schulz Molecular Biology of Human Cancers An AdvancedStudentrsquos Textbook Springer DordrechtThe Netherlands 2007

[3] B R Zetter ldquoAngiogenesis and tumor metastasisrdquo AnnualReview of Medicine vol 49 pp 407ndash424 1998

8 International Scholarly Research Notices

[4] J Folkman ldquoRole of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metas-tasisrdquo Seminars in Oncology vol 29 no 6 supplement 16 pp15ndash18 2002

[5] A Jemal T Murray E Ward et al ldquoCancer statistics 2005rdquo CACancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no 1 pp 10ndash30 2005

[6] P A Wingo C J Cardinez S H Landis et al ldquoLong-termtrends in cancer mortality in the United States 1930ndash1998rdquoCancer vol 97 no 12 pp 3133ndash3275 2003

[7] Cancer Registry Report 2005ndash2007National Institute of CancerResearch and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh December 2009

[8] A K Uddin Z J Khan J Islam and A M Mahmud ldquoCancercare scenario in Bangladesh SouthAsianrdquo Journal of Cancer vol2 no 2 pp 102ndash104 2013

[9] V Noronha U Tsomo A Jamshed et al ldquoA fresh look atoncology facts on south central Asia and SAARC countriesrdquoSouth Asian Journal of Cancer vol 1 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2012

[10] CMCottonEthnobotany Principle adApplication JohnWileyamp Sons New York NY USA 1996

[11] M N Ahmed and M N K Azam ldquoTraditional knowledgeand formulations of medicinal plants used by the traditionalmedical practitioners of Bangladesh to treat schizophrenia likepsychosisrdquo Schizophrenia Research and Treatment vol 2014Article ID 679210 10 pages 2014

[12] M N K Azam MA Mannan and M N Ahmed ldquoMedicinalplants used by the traditional medical practitioners of Baren-dra and Shamatat (Rajshahi amp Khulna Division) region inBangladesh for treatment of cardiovascular disordersrdquo Journalof Medicinal Plants Studies vol 2 no 2 pp 9ndash14 2014

[13] M N K Azam S Biswas and M N Ahmed ldquoA cross-sectional study of ethnopharmacology in the Noakhali districtof Bangladesh and exploring potential ocular immunostimu-latory activity of the medicinal plants for the treatment of eyeinfectionsrdquo PharmacologyOnline vol 1 no 1 pp 77ndash89 2015

[14] M N Hasan M N K Azam M N Ahmed and A HirashimaldquoA randomized ethnomedicinal survey of snakebite treatmentin southwestern parts of Bangladeshrdquo Journal of Traditional andComplementary Medicine 2015

[15] M F KadirM S Bin Sayeed T Shams andMM KMia ldquoEth-nobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Bangladeshitraditional health practitioners in the management of diabetesmellitusrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 144 no 3 pp 605ndash611 2012

[16] M F Kadir M S Bin Sayeed and M M K Mia ldquoEthnophar-macological survey of medicinal plants used by traditionalhealers in Bangladesh for gastrointestinal disordersrdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 147 no 1 pp 148ndash156 2013

[17] AMollik T Islam A Khatun D Nasrin R Jahan andM Rah-matullah ldquoMedicinal plants used against gastrointestinal tractdisorders by traditional medicinal practitioners of BangladeshrdquoPlanta Medica vol 75 article PD57 2009

[18] MAHMollikM R Faruque KAkterM T IslamM FHos-sain and D Sen ldquoEthnomedicinal survey of medicinal plantsused as remedy for HIVAIDS related infections by the tradi-tional medicinal practitioners of Bangladeshrdquo in Proceedings ofthe 18th International AIDS Conference (AIDS rsquo10) Abstract noMOPE0213 Vienna Austria July 2010

[19] M Rahmatullah R Jahan A K Azad et al ldquoA randomizedsurvey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitionersin six districts of bangladesh to treat rheumatoid arthritisrdquoAdvances in Natural and Applied Sciences vol 4 no 2 pp 124ndash127 2010

[20] M H Rashid R Tanzin K C Ghosh R Jahan M A Khaunand M Rahmatullah ldquoAn ethnoveterinary survey of medicinalplants used to treat cattle diseases in Birishiri area Netrakonadistrict Bangladeshrdquo Advances in Natural and Applied Sciencesvol 4 no 1 pp 10ndash13 2010

[21] P Maundu ldquoMethodology for collecting and sharing indige-nous knowledge a case studyrdquo Indigenous Knowledge andDevelopment Monitor vol 3 pp 3ndash5 1995

[22] M N Alexiades ldquoCollecting ethnobotanical datardquo in SelectingGuidelines for Ethnobotanical Research pp 53ndash94 The NewYork Botanical Garden Press 1996

[23] D M Parkin F Bray J Ferlay and P Pisani ldquoGlobal cancerstatistics 2002rdquo CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no2 pp 74ndash108 2005

[24] M S Butler ldquoThe role of natural product chemistry in drugdiscoveryrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67 no 12 pp 2141ndash2153 2004

[25] HWang T O Khor L Shu et al ldquoPlants vs cancer a review onnatural phytochemicals in preventing and treating cancers andtheir druggabilityrdquo Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistryvol 12 no 10 pp 1281ndash1305 2012

[26] J LHartwellPlantsUsed against Cancer A Survey QuartermanPublications Lawrence Mass USA 1982

[27] R Gerson-Cwillich A Serrano-Olvera and A Villalobos-Prieto ldquoComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) inMexican patients with cancerrdquoClinical and Translational Oncol-ogy vol 8 no 3 pp 200ndash207 2006

[28] H Raina G Soni N Jauhari N Sharma and N BharadvajaldquoPhytochemical importance of medicinal plants as potentialsources of anticancer agentsrdquo Turkish Journal of Botany vol 38pp 1027ndash1035 2014

[29] J G Graham M L Quinn D S Fabricant and N RFarnsworth ldquoPlants used against cancermdashan extension of thework of Jonathan Hartwellrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol73 no 3 pp 347ndash377 2000

[30] S Mohammad ldquoAnti-cancer agents from medicinal plantsrdquoBangladesh journal of Pharmacology vol 1 no 2 pp 35ndash412006

[31] S Kundusen A Bala B Kar et al ldquoAntitumor potential ofCitrus limetta fruit peel in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearingSwiss albinomicerdquoAlternativeMedicine Studies vol 2 no 1 pp48ndash51 2012

[32] E K Spiridon and G B Maria Plants That Fight Cancer CRCPress 2004

[33] M Z Gul L M Bhakshu F Ahmad A K Kondapi I AQureshi and I A Ghazi ldquoEvaluation of Abelmoschus moscha-tus extracts for antioxidant free radical scavenging antimicro-bial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assaysrdquo BMCComplementary and Alternative Medicine vol 11 article 642011

[34] B H Babu B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoTumour reducingand anticarcinogenic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius in micerdquoJournal of Ethnopharmacology vol 79 no 1 pp 27ndash33 2002

[35] T Chakraborty D Bhuniya M Chatterjee et al ldquoAcanthusilicifolius plant extract prevents DNA alterations in a trans-plantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing murine modelrdquoWorld Journal of Gastroenterology vol 13 no 48 pp 6538ndash65482007

[36] P V Khajure and J L Rathod ldquoPotential anticancer activityof Acanthus ilicifolius extracted from the Mangroves Forestof Karwar West Cost of Indiardquo World Journal of Science andTechnology vol 1 pp 1ndash6 2011

International Scholarly Research Notices 9

[37] M Firdaus A A Prihanto and R Nurdiani ldquoAntioxidant andcytotoxic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius flowerrdquo Asian PacificJournal of Tropical Biomedicine vol 3 no 1 pp 17ndash21 2013

[38] V Subramaniyan R Saravanan D Baskaran and SRamalalingam ldquoIn vitro free radical scavenging and anticancerpotential of Aristolochia indica L against MCF-7 cell linerdquoInternational Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesvol 7 no 6 pp 392ndash396 2015

[39] A Y K M Rana and J A Khanam ldquoAristolochia indica wholeplant extract as an Antineoplastic agentrdquo Journal of MedicalSciences vol 2 no 4 pp 2002ndash2205 2002

[40] H Nagasawa G Wu and H Inatomi ldquoEffects of aristolosidea component of guan-mu-tong (Caulis aristolochiae man-shuriensis) on normal and preneoplastic mammary glandgrowth in micerdquo Anticancer Research vol 17 no 1 pp 237ndash2401997

[41] P Garodia H Ichikawa N Malani G Sethi and B B Aggar-wal ldquoFrom ancient medicine to modern medicine ayurvedicconcepts of health and their role in inflammation and cancerrdquoJournal of the Society for Integrative Oncology vol 5 no 1 pp25ndash37 2007

[42] B Achari S Crakrabarty and S C Pakrashi ldquoAn N-glycosideand steroids from Aristolochia indicardquo Phytochemistry vol 20no 6 pp 1444ndash1445 1981

[43] N S Yarla R Azad M Basha et al ldquo5-lipoxygenase andcyclooxygenase inhibitory dammarane triterpenoid 1 fromborassus flabellifer seed coat inhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572secretion in LPSInduced THP-1 humanmonocytes and inducesapoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo Anti-CancerAgents inMedicinal Chemistry vol 15 no 8 pp 1066ndash1077 2015

[44] G R Duddukuri Y N Sastry D S VG K Kaladhar P ABabu K K Rao andKK Chaitanya ldquoPreliminary studies on invitro anti-tumor activity of tender seed coat extract of Borassusflabellifer L on hela cell linerdquo International Journal of CurrentResearch vol 3 no 7 pp 75ndash77 2011

[45] L-C Chiang H-Y Cheng C-C Chen and C-C Lin ldquoInvitro anti-leukemic and antiviral activities of traditionally usedmedicinal plants in Taiwanrdquo The American Journal of ChineseMedicine vol 32 no 5 pp 695ndash704 2004

[46] P Tiwari G Aluja A S Pandey and N Sharma ldquoIsolation andbiological evaluation of some phytoconstituents from Blumealacera (Burn F) DCrdquo International Journal of Pharmacy ampPharmaceutical Sciences vol 4 supplement 4 pp 148ndash150 2012

[47] PMassiM Solinas V Cinquina andD Parolaro ldquoCannabidiolas potential anticancer drugrdquoBritish Journal of Clinical Pharma-cology vol 75 no 2 pp 303ndash312 2013

[48] A EMunson L S HarrisM A FriedmanW L Dewey and RA Carchman ldquoAntineoplastic activity of cannabinoidsrdquo Journalof the National Cancer Institute vol 55 no 3 pp 597ndash602 1975

[49] N Freimuth R Ramer and B Hinz ldquoAntitumorigenic effects ofcannabinoids beyond apoptosisrdquo Journal of Pharmacology andExperimental Therapeutics vol 332 no 2 pp 336ndash344 2010

[50] G Velasco C Sanchez and M Guzman ldquoTowards the use ofcannabinoids as antitumour agentsrdquo Nature Reviews Cancervol 12 no 6 pp 436ndash444 2012

[51] G Velasco S Hernandez-Tiedra D Davila and M LorenteldquoThe use of cannabinoids as anticancer agentsrdquo Progress inNeuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry vol 64pp 259ndash266 2016

[52] P Saha U K Mazumder P K Haldar et al ldquoAnticanceractivity of methanol extract of Cucurbita maxima against

Ehrlich as-cites carcinomardquo International Journal of Research inPharmaceutical Sciences vol 2 no 1 pp 52ndash59 2011

[53] A Shrivastava A A Khan S K Jain et al ldquoBiotechnologicaladvancement in isolation of anti-neoplastic compounds fromnatural origin a novel source of L-asparaginaserdquo Acta Biomed-ica vol 81 no 2 pp 104ndash108 2010

[54] L A Clavell R D Gelber H J Cohen et al ldquoFour agentinduction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment ofchildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiardquo The New EnglandJournal of Medicine vol 315 no 11 pp 657ndash663 1986

[55] M D Story D W Voehringer L C Stephens and R E MeynldquoL-asparaginase kills lymphoma cells by apoptosisrdquo CancerChemotherapy and Pharmacology vol 32 no 2 pp 129ndash1331993

[56] M Anisuzzaman A H M M Rahman M Harun-Or-RashidA TMNaderuzzaman andAKMR Islam ldquoAn ethnobotan-ical study of madhupur Tangailrdquo Journal of Applied PolymerScience vol 3 no 7 pp 519ndash530 2007

[57] D Kumar S Mallick J R Vedasiromoni and B C PalldquoAnti-leukemic activity of Dillenia indica L fruit extract andquantification of betulinic acid by HPLCrdquo Phytomedicine vol17 no 6 pp 431ndash435 2010

[58] D Dutta A Sarkar B Chakraborty C Chowdhury and P DasldquoInduction of apoptosis by a potent Betulinic acid derivative inHuman colon carcinoma HT-29 cellsrdquo International Journal ofScientific and Research Publications vol 5 no 2 pp 1ndash7 2015

[59] Z-L Yu X-R Liu M McCulloch and J Gao ldquoAnticancereffects of various fractions extracted from Dioscorea bulbiferaon mice bearing HepArdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 29no 6 pp 563ndash567 2004

[60] J-M Wang L-L Ji C J Banford-White et al ldquoAntitumoractivity of Dioscorea bulbifera L rhizome in vivordquo Fitoterapiavol 83 no 2 pp 388ndash394 2012

[61] B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoIn vitro cytotoxic and antitumorproperty of Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC in micerdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 73 no 3 pp 495ndash500 2000

[62] B S Shylesh S AjikumaranNair andA Subramoniam ldquoInduc-tion of cell-specific apoptosis and protection from Daltonrsquoslymphoma challenge in mice by an active fraction from Emiliasonchifoliardquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 37 no 4 pp232ndash237 2005

[63] H Lage N Duarte C Coburger A Hilgeroth and M J UFerreira ldquoAntitumor activity of terpenoids against classical andatypical multidrug resistant cancer cellsrdquo Phytomedicine vol 17no 6 pp 441ndash448 2010

[64] T Herlina Nasrudin U Supratman A Subamas A Sutardjoand H Hayashi ldquoAn isoflavonoid warangalone from the stembark of dadap ayam (Erythrina variegata)rdquo Journal of BasicSciences vol 9 no 1 pp 45ndash47 2008

[65] H Tati K Nurlelasari Dikdik S Unang and U Zalinar ldquoInvitro anticancer and antimalarial Erystagallin-a from Erythrinavariegata (L) stem barkrdquoMedicinal Plants vol 3 no 1 pp 9ndash132011

[66] M P Balasubramaniam and S Premkumari ldquoEffects ofHygrophila auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymesinN-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular Carcinoma inratsrdquo Journal of Herbal Medicine vol 1 pp 85ndash90 2012

[67] S J Uddin I D Grice and E Tiralongo ldquoCytotoxic effects ofBangladeshi medicinal plant extractsrdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2011 Article ID 5780927 pages 2011

10 International Scholarly Research Notices

[68] I LamprontiM T Khan N Bianchi et al ldquoBangladeshimedic-inal plant extracts inhibiting molecular interactions betweennuclear factors and target DNA sequences mimicking NF-120581Bbinding sitesrdquo Medicinal chemistry vol 1 no 4 pp 327ndash3332005

[69] S Ahmed A Rahman M Mathur M Athar and S Sul-tana ldquoAnti-tumor promoting activity of Asteracantha longifoliaagainst experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in ratsrdquo Food andChemical Toxicology vol 39 no 1 pp 19ndash28 2001

[70] R Bharali J Tabassum andM RH Azad ldquoChemomodulatoryeffect ofMoringa oleifera lam on hepatic carcinogenmetabolis-ing enzymes antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesisin micerdquo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention vol 4 no2 pp 131ndash139 2003

[71] M V S Parvathy and A Umamaheshwari ldquoCytotoxic effect ofMoringa oleifera leaf extracts on human multiple myeloma celllinesrdquo Trends in Medical Research vol 2 no 1 pp 44ndash50 2007

[72] L Berkovich G Earon I Ron A Rimmon A Vexler andS Lev-Ari ldquoMoringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract down-regulates nuclear factor-120581B and increases cytotoxic effect ofchemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo BMCComplementaryand Alternative Medicine vol 13 article 212 2013

[73] I L Jung ldquoSoluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves witha new anticancer activityrdquo PLoS ONE vol 9 no 4 Article IDe95492 2014

[74] L V Costa-Lotufo M T H Khan A Ather et al ldquoStudiesof the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folkmedicinerdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 99 no 1 pp 21ndash30 2005

[75] A Murakami A M Ali K Mat-Salleh K Koshimizu andH Ohigashi ldquoScreening for the in vitro anti-tumor-promotingactivities of edible plants fromMalaysiardquo Bioscience Biotechnol-ogy and Biochemistry vol 64 no 1 pp 9ndash16 2000

[76] I Lajter I Zupko J Molnar et al ldquoAntiproliferative activity ofpolygonaceae species from theCarpathian Basin against humancancer cell linesrdquo Phytotherapy Research vol 27 no 1 pp 77ndash852013

[77] J Ma Y Zi Jiang H Shi et al ldquoCucurbitacin B inhibitsthe translational expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1120572rdquoEuropean Journal of Pharmacology vol 723 no 1 pp 46ndash542014

[78] L Pan Y Yong Y Deng et al ldquoIsolation structure eluci-dation and biological evaluation of 1623-epoxycucurbitacinconstituents from eleaocarpus Chinensisrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 75 no 3 pp 444ndash452 2012

[79] S R Kim H S Seo H-S Choi et al ldquoTrichosanthes kirilowiiethanol extract and cucurbitacin D inhibit cell growth andinduce apoptosis through inhibition of STAT3 activity in breastcancer cellsrdquo Evidence-Based Complementary and AlternativeMedicine vol 2013 Article ID 975350 9 pages 2013

[80] N Takahashi Y Yoshida T Sugiura K Matsuno A Fujinoand U Yamashita ldquoCucurbitacin D isolated from Trichosantheskirilowii induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomacells in vitrordquo International Immunopharmacology vol 9 no 4pp 508ndash513 2009

[81] D R A Mans A B Da Rocha and G Schwartsmann ldquoAnti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil targeted plantcollection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancercompoundsrdquo Oncologist vol 5 no 3 pp 185ndash198 2000

[82] L Pan H-B Chai and A D Kinghorn ldquoDiscovery of newanticancer agents from higher plantsrdquo Frontiers in Biosciencevol 4 no 1 pp 142ndash156 2012

[83] M A Jordan and L Wilson ldquoMicrotubules as a target foranticancer drugsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 4 no 4 pp 253ndash265 2004

[84] D G I Kingston ldquoTubulin-interactive natural products asanticancer agentsrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 72 no 3pp 507ndash515 2009

[85] K R Hande ldquoEtoposide four decades of development of atopoisomerase II inhibitorrdquo European Journal of Cancer vol 34no 10 pp 1514ndash1521 1998

[86] G M Cragg and D J Newman ldquoA tale of two tumor targetstopoisomerase I and tubulin The Wall and Wani contributionto cancer chemotherapyrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67no 2 pp 232ndash244 2004

[87] Y-H Hsiang M G Lihou and L F Liu ldquoArrest of replicationforks by drug-stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable com-plexes as a mechanism of cell killing by camptothecinrdquo CancerResearch vol 49 no 18 pp 5077ndash5082 1989

[88] D C Zhou R Zittoun and J PMarie ldquoHomoharringtonine aneffective new natural product in cancer chemotherapyrdquo Bulletindu Cancer vol 82 no 12 pp 987ndash995 1995

[89] H Itokawa X Wang and K-H Lee ldquoHomoharringtonineand related compoundsrdquo in Anticancer Agents from NaturalProducts M CraggGordon G KingstonDavid and J NewmanDavid Eds pp 47ndash70 CRCTaylor amp Francis Boca Raton FlaUSA 2005

[90] A Quintas-Cardama H Kantarjian and J Cortes ldquoHomohar-ringtonine omacetaxine mepesuccinate and chronic myeloidleukemia circa 2009rdquo Cancer vol 115 no 23 pp 5382ndash53932009

[91] B B Aggarwal C Sundaram N Malani and H IchikawaldquoCurcumin the Indian solid goldrdquo Advances in ExperimentalMedicine and Biology vol 595 pp 1ndash75 2007

[92] G Sa T Das S Banerjee and J Chakraborty ldquoCurcumin fromexotic spice to modern anticancer drugrdquo Al Ameen Journal ofMedical Sciences vol 3 no 1 pp 21ndash37 2010

[93] B B Aggarwal A Bhardwaj R S Aggarwal N P Seeram SShishodia and Y Takada ldquoRole of resveratrol in prevention andtherapy of cancer preclinical and clinical studiesrdquo AnticancerResearch vol 24 no 5 pp 2783ndash2840 2004

[94] M Athar J H Back X Tang et al ldquoResveratrol a review ofpreclinical studies for human cancer preventionrdquo Toxicologyand Applied Pharmacology vol 224 no 3 pp 274ndash283 2007

[95] A Bishayee T Politis and A S Darvesh ldquoResveratrol in thechemoprevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomardquoCancer Treatment Reviews vol 36 no 1 pp 43ndash53 2010

[96] V Krystof and S Uldrijan ldquoCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitorsas anticancer drugsrdquoCurrent Drug Targets vol 11 no 3 pp 291ndash302 2010

[97] A M Senderowicz ldquoFlavopiridol the first cyclin-dependentkinase inhibitor in human clinical trialsrdquo Investigational NewDrugs vol 17 no 3 pp 313ndash320 1999

[98] R Li C Wang T Chen and P Chen ldquoQuantitative proteomicanalysis of cold-responsive proteins inAbelmoschus moschatusrdquoJournal of Animal amp Plant Sciences vol 14 no 3 pp 2006ndash20232012

[99] I Molfetta L Ceccarini M Macchia G Flamini and P LCioni ldquoAbelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench and AbelmoschusmoschatusMedik seeds production and analysis of the volatilecompoundsrdquo Food Chemistry vol 141 no 1 pp 34ndash40 2013

[100] M N Ahmed T Sultana M N K Azam andM RahmatullahldquoA preliminary antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity

International Scholarly Research Notices 11

evaluation of a mangrove speciesAcanthus ilicifolius L leaves inmicerdquo Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines vol 9 no 6 pp143ndash149 2014

[101] R Wostmann and G Liebezeit ldquoChemical composition of themangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae)mdashreview andadditional datardquo Senckenbergiana Maritima vol 38 no 1 pp31ndash37 2008

[102] U Kokpol V Chittawong and D H Miles ldquoChemical con-stituents of the roots of Acanthus illicifoliusrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 49 no 2 pp 355ndash356 1986

[103] K P Tiwara P KMinocha andMMasood ldquoAcanthicifolinemdasha new alkaloid from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Polish Journal ofChemistry vol 54 pp 857ndash858 1980

[104] C-H Huo B Wang W-H Lin and Y-Y Zhao ldquoBenzoxazi-nones from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Biochemical Systematics andEcology vol 33 no 6 pp 643ndash645 2005

[105] A Pakrashi and C Shaha ldquoEffect of methyl ester of aristolicacid from Aristolochia indica Linn on fertility of female micerdquoExperientia vol 34 no 9 pp 1192ndash1193 1978

[106] I Laakso T Seppanen-Laakso R Hiltunen and O EkundayoldquoComposition of the essential oil of Blumea lacera DC (Aster-aceae) leaves from Nigeriardquo Flavour and Fragrance Journal vol4 no 2 pp 73ndash75 1989

[107] S Subashini V Rameshkannan and P Mani ldquoPhytochemicaland GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from borassusflabellifer linn from rootrdquoEuropean Journal ofMolecular Biologyand Biochemistry vol 2 no 3 pp 148ndash152 2015

[108] M Guzman ldquoCannabinoids potential anticancer agentsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 3 no 10 pp 745ndash755 2003

[109] R Pandey R K Verma and M M Gupta ldquoNeo-clerodanediterpenoids from Clerodendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol66 no 6 pp 643ndash648 2005

[110] T Kanchanapoom R Kasai P Chumsri Y Hiraga and KYamasaki ldquoMegastigmane and iridoid glucosides from Clero-dendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol 58 no 2 pp 333ndash3362001

[111] S D Dubey ldquoOverview on Cucurbita maximardquo InternationalJournal of Phytopharmacy vol 2 no 3 pp 68ndash71 2012

[112] K R Dutta S Banerjee andAMitra ldquoMedicinal plants ofWestmidnapore India emphasis on phytochemical containmenthaving role on oral cancerrdquo International Journal of Phytophar-macology vol 3 no 2 pp 198ndash208 2012

[113] A Murakami M Nakashima T Koshiba et al ldquoModifyingeffects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generationfrom stimulated leukocytesrdquo Cancer Letters vol 149 no 1-2 pp115ndash123 2000

[114] S M Sundarapandian and P S Swamy ldquoLitter production andleaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropicalforests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats Indiardquo Forest Ecologyand Management vol 123 no 2-3 pp 231ndash244 1999

[115] D Gandhi and P Mehta ldquoDillenia indica Linn and Dilleniapentagyna Roxb pharmacognostic phytochemical and thera-peutic aspectsrdquo Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science vol3 no 11 pp 134ndash142 2013

[116] H Gao M Kuroyanagi L Wu N Kawahara T Yasuno and YNakamura ldquoAntitumor-promoting constituents fromDioscoreabulbifera L in JB6 mouse epidermal cellsrdquo Biological andPharmaceutical Bulletin vol 25 no 9 pp 1241ndash1243 2002

[117] J J Gao D L Cheng and X P Liu ldquoChemical constituents ofEmilia sonchifolia L DCrdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 18no 2 pp 102ndash127 1993

[118] T K Datta and P S Basu ldquoHuman erythrocyte specific lectinfrom the seeds of Indian coral tree Erythrina variegata Linnvar orientali Linn Merrillrdquo Journal of Biosciences vol 5 no 1pp 25ndash30 1983

[119] L Xiaoli W Naili W M Sau A S C Chen and Y XinshengldquoFour new isoflavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrinavariegatardquo Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 54 no 4pp 570ndash573 2006

[120] A Kumar S Lingadurai A Jain and N R Barman ldquoErythrinavariegata Linn a review on morphology phytochemistry andpharmacological aspectsrdquo Pharmacognosy Reviews vol 4 no8 pp 147ndash152 2010

[121] A Ghani Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with ChemicalConstituents and Uses Asiatic Society of Bangladesh DhakaBangladesh 2003

[122] P Bairaj and S Nagarajan ldquoApigenin 7-O-glucuronide from theflowers of Asteracantha longifolia Neesrdquo Indian Drugs vol 19pp 150ndash152 1982

[123] V V Parashar and H Singh ldquoInvestigation of Astercanthalongifolia Neesrdquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 27 no 4pp 109ndash113 1965

[124] T R Govindachari K Nagarajan and B R Pai ldquoIsolation oflupeol from the root of Asteracantha longifolia neesrdquo IndianJournal of Scientific Research B vol 16 article 72 1957

[125] T N Misra R S Singh H S Pandey B K Singh and R PPandey ldquoConstituents of Asteracantha longifoliardquo Fitoterapiavol 72 no 2 pp 194ndash196 2001

[126] C Quasim and N L Dutta ldquoReported the prescence ofstigmasterol in the root ofAsteracantha longifoliaNeesrdquo Journalof Indian Chemical Society vol 44 article 82 1967

[127] C K Bose ldquoPossible role of Moringa oleifera Lam root inepithelial ovarian cancerrdquo Medscape General Medicine vol 9article 26 2007

[128] A P Guevara C Vargas H Sakurai et al ldquoAn antitumor pro-moter fromMoringa oleifera LamrdquoMutation ResearchGeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis vol 440 no 2 pp181ndash188 1999

[129] Atta-ur-Rahman M Shabbir S Z Sultani A Jabbar and MI Choudhary ldquoCinnamates and coumarins from the leaves ofMurraya paniculatardquo Phytochemistry vol 44 no 4 pp 683ndash685 1997

[130] J K Lin and T S Wu ldquoConstituents of flowers of Murrayapaniculatardquo Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society vol 41 no2 pp 213ndash216 1994

[131] T-S Wu M-J Liou T-T Jong Y-J Chen and J-S LaildquoIndole alkaloids and coumarins from the root bark ofMurrayapaniculata var Omphalocarpardquo Phytochemistry vol 28 no 10pp 2873ndash2874 1989

[132] T-S Wu Y-Y Chan Y-L Leu and S-C Huang ldquoA flavonoidand indole alkaloid from flowers of Murraya paniculatardquoPhytochemistry vol 37 no 1 pp 287ndash288 1994

[133] M Parimala and F G Shoba ldquoPhytochemical analysis andIn vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract ofNymphaea nouchali Burm frdquo Asian Pacific Journal of TropicalBiomedicine vol 3 no 11 pp 887ndash895 2013

[134] S R Kabir M A Zubair M Nurujjaman et al ldquoPurificationand characterization of a Ca2+-dependent novel lectin fromNymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activitiesrdquo Bio-science Reports vol 31 no 6 pp 465ndash475 2011

[135] A K M M Huq J A Jamal and J Stanslas ldquoEthnobotanicalphytochemical pharmacological and toxicological aspects of

12 International Scholarly Research Notices

Persicaria hydropiper (L) delarbrerdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2014 Article ID 78283011 pages 2014

[136] V Vadivel A Patel and H K Biesalski ldquoEffect of traditionalprocessing methods on the antioxidant 120572-amylase and 120572-glucosidase enzyme inhibition properties of Sesbania sesbanMerrill seedsrdquo CyTAmdashJournal of Food vol 10 no 2 pp 128ndash136 2012

[137] N Das P Chandran and S Chakraborty ldquoPotent spermicidaleffect of oleanolic acid 3-beta-d-glucuronide an active principleisolated from the plant Sesbania sesbanMerrillrdquo Contraceptionvol 83 no 2 pp 167ndash175 2011

[138] M Kathiresh P D Suganya andM Saravanakumar ldquoBioactivecompounds in Sesbania sesban flower and its antioxidant andantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Pharmacy Research vol 5 no1 pp 293ndash390 2012

[139] M E Barbercheck and J Wang ldquoEffect of cucurbitacin Don in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus sppsymbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodesrdquo Journal ofInvertebrate Pathology vol 68 no 2 pp 141ndash145 1996

[140] CMi JMaH Shi et al ldquo410158406-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoauroneinhibits the HIF-1120572 pathway through inhibition of AktmTORp70S6K4E-BP1 phosphorylationrdquo Journal of PharmacologicalSciences vol 125 no 2 pp 193ndash201 2014

[141] M Valyova V Hadjimitova S Stoyanov Y Ganeva and ITrayko Petkov ldquoFree radical scavenging activity of extractsfrom Bulgarian Veronica officinalis L and GC-MS analysis ofethanol extractrdquoThe Internet Journal of Aesthetic and AntiagingMedicine vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2008

[142] I Saracoglu F H Oztunca A Nagatsu and U S HarputldquoIridoid content and biological activities of Veronica cuneifoliasubsp cuneifolia and V cymbalariardquo Pharmaceutical Biologyvol 49 no 11 pp 1150ndash1157 2011

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

PainResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Volume 2014

ToxinsJournal of

VaccinesJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AntibioticsInternational Journal of

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StrokeResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Drug DeliveryJournal of

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Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences

Tropical MedicineJournal of

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Medicinal ChemistryInternational Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AddictionJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

BioMed Research International

Emergency Medicine InternationalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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Autoimmune Diseases

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Anesthesiology Research and Practice

ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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Pharmaceutics

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of

Page 4: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

4 International Scholarly Research Notices

Table 1 Medicinal plants used by the folk medicine practitioners in three districts of Bangladesh for prevention and management ofmalignancy in cancer

Serial number Botanic name Family name Vernacular name Part(s) utilized1 Acanthus ilicifolius L Acanthaceae Harjora Leaf2 Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach) Heine Acanthaceae Makhna Leaf3 Borassus flabellifer L Arecaceae Tal Root fruit4 Aristolochia indica L Aristolochiaceae Ichamul Leaf5 Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC ex DC Asteraceae Shadhi Whole plant6 Cannabis sativa L Cannabaceae Bhang Leaf root7 Blumea lacera (Burm f) DC Compositae Kukurshunga Leaf8 Trichosanthes kirilowii (Maxim) Kuntze Cucurbitaceae Lotaakal Whole plant9 Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Cucurbitaceae Kumra Leaf stem and fruit10 Dillenia indica L Dilleniaceae Chalta Leaf fruit11 Dioscorea bulbifera L Dioscoreaceae Lota-bori Root fruit12 Erythrina variegata L Fabaceae Mandar gach Leaf13 Sesbania sesban (L) Merr Fabaceae Dhoinche Leaf bark flower and seed14 Abelmoschus moschatusMedik Malvaceae Lota koshturi Leaf seed15 Moringa oleifera Lam Moringaceae Shajna Leaf16 Nymphaea nouchali Burm f Nymphaeaceae Shapla Tuber root17 Persicaria hydropiper (L) Delarbre Polygonaceae Bishalo-pata Leaf seed18 Murraya paniculata (L) Jack Rutaceae Kamini gach Leaf19 Veronica officinalis L Scrophulariaceae Chapta-pata Whole plant20 Clerodendrum inerme (L) Gaertn Verbenaceae Jongli jui Root

Bark 310Stem

Tuber 310

Flower 310

Leaf 4060

Root

Fruit 1250Seed 940

Whole plant

Other

940

1560

310

930

Figure 2 Percentage of plant parts used by the traditional medicinepractitioners in the prevention and management of cancer

antiproliferative activity against colorectal adenocarcinomaand retinoblastoma human cancer cell lines [33]

43 Acanthus ilicifolius (HollyMangrove) The ethanol leavesrsquoextract of the plant was found [34] to be cytotoxic towardslung fibroblast cells in MTT assay Another study [35]reported that the plant extract has been shown to pre-vent DNA alterations in a transplantable Ehrlich Ascitescarcinoma-bearing murine model and in enlargement of thesurvival of the animals against the proliferation of ascitestumor Ethyl acetate extract of the whole plant of A ilicifoliushas a potential cytotoxic activity on HeLa cell and KB celllines by comet assay [36] Active compounds of A ilicifoliusflower play a role in killing Artemia salina nauplii and can

Table 2 List of cancer types [23]

Lung cancer Breast cancerColorectal cancer Liver cancer

Pancreatic cancerCancers of the female reproductive tract(cervical cancer endometrial cancerand ovarian cancer)

Prostate cancer Urinary bladder cancerLymphoma LeukemiaSkin cancer Cancer of the central nervous system

be considered as potential cytotoxic agents as well as futurecandidate for cancer therapy [37]

44 Aristolochia indica (Indian Birthwort) The cytotoxicityand antitumor activity of the chloroform extracts of Aris-tolochia indica were assessed in human breast cancer cellline by MTT assay using taxol as standard and showedpronounced anticancer activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carci-noma cell line [38 39] Aristoloside compound was reportedto inhibit carcinogenesis [40] Aristolochic acid was reportedto possess various biological activities including antiadeno-carcinoma antineoplastic [41] and antitumor activities [42]

45 Borassus flabellifer (Asian Palmyra Palm) Dammaranetriterpenoid 1 isolated from Borassus flabellifer seed coatinhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572 and showed good antiprolif-erative activity against pancreatic cancer cell line Apoptosis

International Scholarly Research Notices 5

Table 3 List of some plant-derived antineoplastic lead compounds currently in use and currently in clinical trials [81 82]

Source of plant Specific mechanism of actions of the lead compoundsAntineoplastic lead compounds currentlyin use

Vinblastine Vincristine Catharanthus roseus Bind to the microtubulin site in the 120573-subunit and disrupt theassembly of microtubules in mitosis [83]

Taxol Taxus brevifoliaBinds to the taxane site as a microtubule stabilizer and interferingwith the normal breakdown of microtubules during cell division[84]

Etoposide Podophyllum peltatum Binds to tubulin and interferes with the formation of spindles inmitosis [85]

Camptothecin irinotecan andtopotecan Camptotheca acuminata

Arrest the cell cycle at the S-phase by inhibiting the activity oftopoisomerase I leading to the inhibition of DNA replication andtranscription [86 87]

Antineoplastic lead compounds currentlyin clinical trials

Homoharringtonine Harringtoniacephalotaxus

Inhibits protein synthesis and blocking cell-cycle progression [88]promotes apoptosis and inhibits protein synthesis at the ribosomallevel [89 90]

Curcumin Curcuma longa

Induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of a variety ofmalignant cells and is involved in the regulation of combinedsignaling pathways at multiple levels by acting on various targetsincluding modulation of gene transcription factors (NF120581B p53and AP-1) growth factors and their receptors (PDGF EGF andVEGF) cell surface adhesion molecules (E-cadherin 120573-cadenin)and protein kinases (CDKs EGFR PKC and p38 MAPK) [91 92]

ResveratrolVitis vinifera Morusalba and Arachishypogaea

Inhibits the growth of cancer cells and induces apoptosis by actingat multiple cellular targets including activation of p53 inhibiting10 otulins 10 genases and cytochrome P450 enzymes andactivating AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) [93ndash95]

Flavopiridol Amoora rohituka

Exhibits apoptosis induction [96] inhibits the activity ofcyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) by competing with ATP at theirnucleotide binding sites and causes cell cycle arrest at either the G1or G1M phases [97]

inducing activity was confirmed based on increased sub-G0 phase cell population in cell cycle analysis loss of mito-chondrial membrane potential elevated levels of cytochromec nuclear morphological changes and DNA fragmentationin MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells [43] B flabelliferseed coat extracts were screened in another study [44] fortheir possible anticancer activity on growth of the HeLacells and these preliminary studies indicated that even thelower concentrations of plant extract showed significantantiproliferative activity

46 Blumea lacera (Blumea) There is an in vitro study [45]that showed that Blumea lacera exhibited broad spectrumantileukemic activity against K562 L1210 P3HR1 and U937leukemia cells Methanolic extract of B lacera leaves has alsoshowed cytotoxic activity against human gastric adenocarci-noma cell line human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lineand human breast ductal carcinoma cell line [46]

47 Cannabis sativa (Hemp) The interest in anticarcinogenicproperties of cannabinoidswas renewed after the discovery ofthe endocannabinoid system [47] The administration of Δ9-THCΔ8-THC and cannabinol inhibited the growth of Lewis

lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro as well as in vivo after oraladministration in mice [48] Antitumorigenic mechanismsof cannabinoids are showing their ability to interfere withtumor neovascularization cancer cell migration adhesioninvasion and metastasis [49] The mechanism of cannabi-noidsrsquo anticancer action depends on the ability of their agentsto stimulate autophagy-mediated apoptotic cancer cell deaththus cannabinoid action helps in cancer cell death impairstumor angiogenesis and blocks invasion and metastasis [50]and cannabinoids are currently also being tested as anticanceragents in phase III clinical studies [51]

48 Cucurbita maxima (Pumpkin) Methanol extract ofCucurbita maxima aerial parts has been performed againstEhrlich Ascites Carcinoma model in mice by Saha et al[52] for the antitumor activity and the results revealed thatC maxima possesses significant anticancer activity whichmay be due to its cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties L-asparaginase is an antineoplastic agent identified from fruitof C maxima used for treatment of a type of cancer that isacute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkinrsquos lymphoma[53] as well as being experimentally used as an anticanceragent in human patients [54 55]

6 International Scholarly Research Notices

Table4Listof

repo

rted

phytochemicalsfrom

Bang

ladeshiantineoplastic

plantsused

byfolkmedicinep

ractition

ers

Seria

lnum

ber

Plantsou

rce

Phytochemicalconstituents

Reference

1Ab

elmoschus

moschatus

Urid

ine(1-[(3R4S5R)-34-dihydroxy-5-

(hydroxymethyl)o

xolan-2-yl]pyrim

idine-

24-dion

e)n

-tridecaneiso

pentyl2-methylbutanoateand

decanal

[9899]

2Ac

anthus

ilicifolius

Flavon

oidsglycosid

essapon

insste

roidsandtann

inslupeol120572

-amyrinolcanolicacid

andursolic

acidssapo

ninand

triterpenoidsapo

nin

steroids(stigmasterolcampeste

rolandsitosterol)

alkaloids(acanthicifo

linea

ndbenzoxazinium)

andph

enolics(acanfolio

sideilicifolio

sideacteosideverbascosid

eandapigenin)

[100ndash104]

3Ar

istolochiaindica

Aris

tolochicacidflavon

oidstanninsglycosid

espheno

landsapo

nins

[38105]

4Blum

ealacera

Thym

oquino

ldim

ethyl120573-caryoph

yllene120572

-hum

uleneandE-120573-fa

rnesene5-hydroxy-36731015840

41015840

-pentametho

xyflavone

53101584041015840

-trihydroxy

flavone

[46106]

5Bo

rassu

sflabellifer

Dam

maranetriterpeno

idresorcino

lph

enolpentano

icacidglycerin

10-un

decenyleste

roctadecano

icacidand

n-hexadecano

icacid

[43107]

6Ca

nnabissativa

Cann

abinoidsΔ

9-TH

CΔ8-TH

C[48108]

7Clerodendrum

inerme

Neocle

rodane

diterpenoids

(inermes

AB

and1415

-dihydro-15120573

-metho

xy-3-epicaryop

tin)megastig

maneg

lycosid

esand

irido

idglycoside

[109110]

8Cu

curbita

maxim

aCa

rboh

ydratesalkaloidsglycosidestanninsflavon

oidsand

sapo

nins

steroidsL-asparaginaseglutamicacidcalcium

andresin

and120573-carotenelycopeneand

lutein

[53111ndash113]

9Dilleniaindica

Dihydroiso

rham

netin

dillenetintannin

betunaldehydebetulin

icacidrhamnetin

dihydroiso

rham

netin

lup

eol

myricetinn

aringenin

quercetin

andkaem

pferolglucosideandstigmasterol

[114115]

10Dioscorea

bulbifera

Kaem

pferol-35-dim

ethylethercaryatin

(L)-catechin

myricetinquercetin-3-O

-galactopyrano

side

myricetin-3-O

-galactopyrano

sidemyricetin-3-O

-glucopyrano

sideanddiosbu

lbin

B[116]

11Em

iliasonchifolia

Beta-sito

sterolstigmasterolpalm

itica

cidandho

neyacid

[117]

12Erythrinavarie

gata

Lectinisoflavonesalkaloidsflavono

idspterocarpanstriterpenesste

roidsalkyltransferulatesproteinslecithin

1011-dioxoerythratidineandcrystagallinA

[65118

ndash120]

13Hygrophila

auric

ulata

Flavon

oids

andpo

lyph

enolsapigenin

7-O-glucuronide

alkaloids(asteracanthine

andasteracanthicine)triterpenes

(lupeol

hydrocarbo

nhentria

contane13

otulinluteolin

and

luteolin-7-O

-rutinoside)alip

hatic

esters(25-oxo-hentria

contyl

acetatemethyl8-nhexyltetracosanoate)andste

rols(stig

masterol)

[121ndash126]

14Moringa

oleifera

Flavon

oidpigm

ents(kaempferolrhamnetin

isoqu

ercitrinand

kaem

pferitrin)glycosidec

ompo

undsglucosin

olatesand

isothiocyanatesbeta-sitosterolglycerol-1-(9-octadecanoate)3-O-(61015840-O

-oleoyl-b

eta-D-glucopyrano

syl)

beta-sito

sterol

andbeta-sito

sterol-3

-O-beta-D-glucopyrano

side

[127128]

15Murraya

paniculata

Cou

marins(7-metho

xy-8-(3-methyl-2

-oxobu

toxy)-2H

-chrom

en-2-oneumbelliferoneand

scop

olin)indo

lealkaloids

(murrayacarin

eand

murrayaculatine)

[129ndash132]

16Ny

mphaeanouchali

Protein

carboh

ydratereducingsugarglycosidespheno

ltann

inflavon

essapon

insteroidalkaloidanthraqu

inon

equ

inon

eandlectin

[133134]

17Persica

riahydropiper

Apigenin-7-O

-glucosid

ecatechinepicatechinhyperinisoqu

ercitrinkaempferolkaempferolrutin

osidequ

ercitrin

persicarinrhamnetin

polygon

icacidpolygod

ialacetal

[135]

18Sesbaniasesban

Oleanolicacidstig

mastane-524(28)-diene-3120573

-O-120573-D

-galactopyrano

sidegalactom

annan

phenolsflavono

idsa

ndanthocyaninsand

sapo

nin

[136ndash138]

19Trich

osantheskirilow

iiCu

curbita

cinB

cucurbita

cinD41015840

6-dihydroxy-4-m

etho

xyiso

aurone

[77139140]

20Veronica

officin

alis

Terpeneseste

rssteroids(ste

rolsandste

renes)p-hydroxyph

enylethylalco

holmaltolandlolio

lide120573-sito

sterol

120572-lino

lenica

ndlin

oleica

cidandirido

idglucoside

[141142]

International Scholarly Research Notices 7

49 Dillenia indica (Elephant Apple) Leaf powder ofDilleniaindica is given in treatment of breast cancer [56] Themethanolic extract ofD indica has been found to have signifi-cant antileukemic activity in human leukemic cell lines U937HL60 and K562 [57] Methanolic extracts of betulinic acidwere prepared from theD indica fruits inducing apoptosis inHT-29 cells via mitochondrial dependent pathway and prov-ing to be a potential therapeutic agent for colon cancer [58]

410 Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato) Petroleum ether frac-tion of the plant showed potential effects against HepAwith microstructure abnormality of HepA cells surface [59]Immune system modulation might be related to antitumoreffects of D bulbifera rhizome as reported in S180 and H22tumor cells bearing mice [60]

411 Emilia sonchifolia (Lilac Tasselflower) The aqueousand methanolic extracts of the leaves of Emilia sonchifoliagradually exhibit antitumor activities [61] The n-hexaneextract of E sonchifolia has anticancer effect and is richin terpenoids [62] and terpenoids were evaluated for theirpotential antineoplastic activity in various human cancer celllines such as gastric pancreatic and colon carcinomas [63]

412 Erythrina variegata (Tigerrsquos Claw) Steroid derived fromthe stem bark and the leaves of Erythrina variegata showedanticancer activity against in vitro breast cancer cell T47D[64] Alkaloids (1011-dioxoerythratidine and crystagallin A)extracted from the leaves and stem bark of E variegataplant strongly stated in vitro anticancer activity against breastcancer T47D cell lines in vitro using the Sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay [65]

413 Hygrophila auriculata (Marsh Barbel) The effect ofH auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma inrats [66] The aqueous seed extract from H auriculatadisplayed selective cancer cell cytotoxicity with an IC50 valueof 022mgmLminus1 against colon cancer cells [67] In vitro studyof H auriculata extracts has reported antitumor and NF120581Binhibition [68] Ahmad et al reported antitumor activityfromplant extract against chemically induced hepatocarcino-genesis in Wister rats [69]

414 Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree) A hydroalcoholicextract ofMoringa oleifera study revealed possible chemopre-ventive potential against chemical carcinogenesis [70]Differ-ent leaf extracts ofM oleifera produced significant cytotoxiceffects on human multiple myeloma cultured cell lines [71]A study [72] showed that leaves extract ofM oleifera can sig-nificantly obstruct the growth of cultured human pancreaticcarcinoma cells by inhibiting the NF-120581B signaling pathwayMost of the anticancer studies ofM oleifera have not focusedon the molecular basis of the tumor-suppressive activity butstrongly suggested that it could potentially be a supremeanticancer candidate specific to cancer cells [73 74]

415 Nymphaea nouchali (Blue Water Lily) The methanolicextract of Nymphaea nouchali roots has showed inhibitoryactivity towards tumor promoter in the Raji cells [75]

416 Persicaria hydropiper (Water Pepper) In vitro antiprolif-erative activity of Polygonum hydropiper (synonymy) extractswas evaluated against cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma skinepidermoid carcinoma and breast epithelial adenocarcinomacells and the results confirmed substantial cell growthinhibitory activity against one or more cell lines [76]

417 Trichosanthes kirilowii (Chinese Cucumber) A triter-penoid compound named cucurbitacin B isolated from Tri-chosanthes kirilowii showed the potent inhibitory activityagainst HIF-1 activation induced by hypoxia in varioushuman cancer cell lines In vivo studies confirmed the inhibi-tory effect of cucurbitacin B on the expression of HIF-1120572proteins leading to a decrease growth of HeLa cells in axenograft tumor model [77] Cucurbitacin D isolated fromthe plant has also been shown to suppress proliferation ofHT-29 human colon cancer cells [78] and the compound could bepotent therapeutic agent for breast cancer by blocking tumorcell proliferation and inducing apoptosis through suppressionof STAT3 activity [79] and it could also induce apoptosis inhuman hepatocellular carcinoma cells [80]

5 Conclusions

Among twenty plant species four of the species used byfolk medicine practitioners have no strong published dataregarding anticancer or cytotoxic activities These 4 speciesareC inermeM paniculata S sesban andV officinalis Fromjust a brief survey of the literature it appears that the rest ofthe sixteen plants used by the Kabirajes in three districts ofBangladesh present considerable potential in the treatmentof cancer Further scientific studies need to be conducted onthese plants towards discovery of lead compounds whichcan lead to formulation of new drugs for the prevention andmanagement ofmalignant neoplastic diseases with giving lessor no side effects

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare they have no competing interests

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank all the medicine practitioners forproviding useful information regarding cancer treatment

References

[1] B Vogelstein and K W Kinzler The Genetic Basis of HumanCancer McGraw-Hill New York NY USA 2nd edition 2002

[2] W Schulz Molecular Biology of Human Cancers An AdvancedStudentrsquos Textbook Springer DordrechtThe Netherlands 2007

[3] B R Zetter ldquoAngiogenesis and tumor metastasisrdquo AnnualReview of Medicine vol 49 pp 407ndash424 1998

8 International Scholarly Research Notices

[4] J Folkman ldquoRole of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metas-tasisrdquo Seminars in Oncology vol 29 no 6 supplement 16 pp15ndash18 2002

[5] A Jemal T Murray E Ward et al ldquoCancer statistics 2005rdquo CACancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no 1 pp 10ndash30 2005

[6] P A Wingo C J Cardinez S H Landis et al ldquoLong-termtrends in cancer mortality in the United States 1930ndash1998rdquoCancer vol 97 no 12 pp 3133ndash3275 2003

[7] Cancer Registry Report 2005ndash2007National Institute of CancerResearch and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh December 2009

[8] A K Uddin Z J Khan J Islam and A M Mahmud ldquoCancercare scenario in Bangladesh SouthAsianrdquo Journal of Cancer vol2 no 2 pp 102ndash104 2013

[9] V Noronha U Tsomo A Jamshed et al ldquoA fresh look atoncology facts on south central Asia and SAARC countriesrdquoSouth Asian Journal of Cancer vol 1 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2012

[10] CMCottonEthnobotany Principle adApplication JohnWileyamp Sons New York NY USA 1996

[11] M N Ahmed and M N K Azam ldquoTraditional knowledgeand formulations of medicinal plants used by the traditionalmedical practitioners of Bangladesh to treat schizophrenia likepsychosisrdquo Schizophrenia Research and Treatment vol 2014Article ID 679210 10 pages 2014

[12] M N K Azam MA Mannan and M N Ahmed ldquoMedicinalplants used by the traditional medical practitioners of Baren-dra and Shamatat (Rajshahi amp Khulna Division) region inBangladesh for treatment of cardiovascular disordersrdquo Journalof Medicinal Plants Studies vol 2 no 2 pp 9ndash14 2014

[13] M N K Azam S Biswas and M N Ahmed ldquoA cross-sectional study of ethnopharmacology in the Noakhali districtof Bangladesh and exploring potential ocular immunostimu-latory activity of the medicinal plants for the treatment of eyeinfectionsrdquo PharmacologyOnline vol 1 no 1 pp 77ndash89 2015

[14] M N Hasan M N K Azam M N Ahmed and A HirashimaldquoA randomized ethnomedicinal survey of snakebite treatmentin southwestern parts of Bangladeshrdquo Journal of Traditional andComplementary Medicine 2015

[15] M F KadirM S Bin Sayeed T Shams andMM KMia ldquoEth-nobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Bangladeshitraditional health practitioners in the management of diabetesmellitusrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 144 no 3 pp 605ndash611 2012

[16] M F Kadir M S Bin Sayeed and M M K Mia ldquoEthnophar-macological survey of medicinal plants used by traditionalhealers in Bangladesh for gastrointestinal disordersrdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 147 no 1 pp 148ndash156 2013

[17] AMollik T Islam A Khatun D Nasrin R Jahan andM Rah-matullah ldquoMedicinal plants used against gastrointestinal tractdisorders by traditional medicinal practitioners of BangladeshrdquoPlanta Medica vol 75 article PD57 2009

[18] MAHMollikM R Faruque KAkterM T IslamM FHos-sain and D Sen ldquoEthnomedicinal survey of medicinal plantsused as remedy for HIVAIDS related infections by the tradi-tional medicinal practitioners of Bangladeshrdquo in Proceedings ofthe 18th International AIDS Conference (AIDS rsquo10) Abstract noMOPE0213 Vienna Austria July 2010

[19] M Rahmatullah R Jahan A K Azad et al ldquoA randomizedsurvey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitionersin six districts of bangladesh to treat rheumatoid arthritisrdquoAdvances in Natural and Applied Sciences vol 4 no 2 pp 124ndash127 2010

[20] M H Rashid R Tanzin K C Ghosh R Jahan M A Khaunand M Rahmatullah ldquoAn ethnoveterinary survey of medicinalplants used to treat cattle diseases in Birishiri area Netrakonadistrict Bangladeshrdquo Advances in Natural and Applied Sciencesvol 4 no 1 pp 10ndash13 2010

[21] P Maundu ldquoMethodology for collecting and sharing indige-nous knowledge a case studyrdquo Indigenous Knowledge andDevelopment Monitor vol 3 pp 3ndash5 1995

[22] M N Alexiades ldquoCollecting ethnobotanical datardquo in SelectingGuidelines for Ethnobotanical Research pp 53ndash94 The NewYork Botanical Garden Press 1996

[23] D M Parkin F Bray J Ferlay and P Pisani ldquoGlobal cancerstatistics 2002rdquo CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no2 pp 74ndash108 2005

[24] M S Butler ldquoThe role of natural product chemistry in drugdiscoveryrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67 no 12 pp 2141ndash2153 2004

[25] HWang T O Khor L Shu et al ldquoPlants vs cancer a review onnatural phytochemicals in preventing and treating cancers andtheir druggabilityrdquo Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistryvol 12 no 10 pp 1281ndash1305 2012

[26] J LHartwellPlantsUsed against Cancer A Survey QuartermanPublications Lawrence Mass USA 1982

[27] R Gerson-Cwillich A Serrano-Olvera and A Villalobos-Prieto ldquoComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) inMexican patients with cancerrdquoClinical and Translational Oncol-ogy vol 8 no 3 pp 200ndash207 2006

[28] H Raina G Soni N Jauhari N Sharma and N BharadvajaldquoPhytochemical importance of medicinal plants as potentialsources of anticancer agentsrdquo Turkish Journal of Botany vol 38pp 1027ndash1035 2014

[29] J G Graham M L Quinn D S Fabricant and N RFarnsworth ldquoPlants used against cancermdashan extension of thework of Jonathan Hartwellrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol73 no 3 pp 347ndash377 2000

[30] S Mohammad ldquoAnti-cancer agents from medicinal plantsrdquoBangladesh journal of Pharmacology vol 1 no 2 pp 35ndash412006

[31] S Kundusen A Bala B Kar et al ldquoAntitumor potential ofCitrus limetta fruit peel in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearingSwiss albinomicerdquoAlternativeMedicine Studies vol 2 no 1 pp48ndash51 2012

[32] E K Spiridon and G B Maria Plants That Fight Cancer CRCPress 2004

[33] M Z Gul L M Bhakshu F Ahmad A K Kondapi I AQureshi and I A Ghazi ldquoEvaluation of Abelmoschus moscha-tus extracts for antioxidant free radical scavenging antimicro-bial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assaysrdquo BMCComplementary and Alternative Medicine vol 11 article 642011

[34] B H Babu B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoTumour reducingand anticarcinogenic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius in micerdquoJournal of Ethnopharmacology vol 79 no 1 pp 27ndash33 2002

[35] T Chakraborty D Bhuniya M Chatterjee et al ldquoAcanthusilicifolius plant extract prevents DNA alterations in a trans-plantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing murine modelrdquoWorld Journal of Gastroenterology vol 13 no 48 pp 6538ndash65482007

[36] P V Khajure and J L Rathod ldquoPotential anticancer activityof Acanthus ilicifolius extracted from the Mangroves Forestof Karwar West Cost of Indiardquo World Journal of Science andTechnology vol 1 pp 1ndash6 2011

International Scholarly Research Notices 9

[37] M Firdaus A A Prihanto and R Nurdiani ldquoAntioxidant andcytotoxic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius flowerrdquo Asian PacificJournal of Tropical Biomedicine vol 3 no 1 pp 17ndash21 2013

[38] V Subramaniyan R Saravanan D Baskaran and SRamalalingam ldquoIn vitro free radical scavenging and anticancerpotential of Aristolochia indica L against MCF-7 cell linerdquoInternational Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesvol 7 no 6 pp 392ndash396 2015

[39] A Y K M Rana and J A Khanam ldquoAristolochia indica wholeplant extract as an Antineoplastic agentrdquo Journal of MedicalSciences vol 2 no 4 pp 2002ndash2205 2002

[40] H Nagasawa G Wu and H Inatomi ldquoEffects of aristolosidea component of guan-mu-tong (Caulis aristolochiae man-shuriensis) on normal and preneoplastic mammary glandgrowth in micerdquo Anticancer Research vol 17 no 1 pp 237ndash2401997

[41] P Garodia H Ichikawa N Malani G Sethi and B B Aggar-wal ldquoFrom ancient medicine to modern medicine ayurvedicconcepts of health and their role in inflammation and cancerrdquoJournal of the Society for Integrative Oncology vol 5 no 1 pp25ndash37 2007

[42] B Achari S Crakrabarty and S C Pakrashi ldquoAn N-glycosideand steroids from Aristolochia indicardquo Phytochemistry vol 20no 6 pp 1444ndash1445 1981

[43] N S Yarla R Azad M Basha et al ldquo5-lipoxygenase andcyclooxygenase inhibitory dammarane triterpenoid 1 fromborassus flabellifer seed coat inhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572secretion in LPSInduced THP-1 humanmonocytes and inducesapoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo Anti-CancerAgents inMedicinal Chemistry vol 15 no 8 pp 1066ndash1077 2015

[44] G R Duddukuri Y N Sastry D S VG K Kaladhar P ABabu K K Rao andKK Chaitanya ldquoPreliminary studies on invitro anti-tumor activity of tender seed coat extract of Borassusflabellifer L on hela cell linerdquo International Journal of CurrentResearch vol 3 no 7 pp 75ndash77 2011

[45] L-C Chiang H-Y Cheng C-C Chen and C-C Lin ldquoInvitro anti-leukemic and antiviral activities of traditionally usedmedicinal plants in Taiwanrdquo The American Journal of ChineseMedicine vol 32 no 5 pp 695ndash704 2004

[46] P Tiwari G Aluja A S Pandey and N Sharma ldquoIsolation andbiological evaluation of some phytoconstituents from Blumealacera (Burn F) DCrdquo International Journal of Pharmacy ampPharmaceutical Sciences vol 4 supplement 4 pp 148ndash150 2012

[47] PMassiM Solinas V Cinquina andD Parolaro ldquoCannabidiolas potential anticancer drugrdquoBritish Journal of Clinical Pharma-cology vol 75 no 2 pp 303ndash312 2013

[48] A EMunson L S HarrisM A FriedmanW L Dewey and RA Carchman ldquoAntineoplastic activity of cannabinoidsrdquo Journalof the National Cancer Institute vol 55 no 3 pp 597ndash602 1975

[49] N Freimuth R Ramer and B Hinz ldquoAntitumorigenic effects ofcannabinoids beyond apoptosisrdquo Journal of Pharmacology andExperimental Therapeutics vol 332 no 2 pp 336ndash344 2010

[50] G Velasco C Sanchez and M Guzman ldquoTowards the use ofcannabinoids as antitumour agentsrdquo Nature Reviews Cancervol 12 no 6 pp 436ndash444 2012

[51] G Velasco S Hernandez-Tiedra D Davila and M LorenteldquoThe use of cannabinoids as anticancer agentsrdquo Progress inNeuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry vol 64pp 259ndash266 2016

[52] P Saha U K Mazumder P K Haldar et al ldquoAnticanceractivity of methanol extract of Cucurbita maxima against

Ehrlich as-cites carcinomardquo International Journal of Research inPharmaceutical Sciences vol 2 no 1 pp 52ndash59 2011

[53] A Shrivastava A A Khan S K Jain et al ldquoBiotechnologicaladvancement in isolation of anti-neoplastic compounds fromnatural origin a novel source of L-asparaginaserdquo Acta Biomed-ica vol 81 no 2 pp 104ndash108 2010

[54] L A Clavell R D Gelber H J Cohen et al ldquoFour agentinduction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment ofchildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiardquo The New EnglandJournal of Medicine vol 315 no 11 pp 657ndash663 1986

[55] M D Story D W Voehringer L C Stephens and R E MeynldquoL-asparaginase kills lymphoma cells by apoptosisrdquo CancerChemotherapy and Pharmacology vol 32 no 2 pp 129ndash1331993

[56] M Anisuzzaman A H M M Rahman M Harun-Or-RashidA TMNaderuzzaman andAKMR Islam ldquoAn ethnobotan-ical study of madhupur Tangailrdquo Journal of Applied PolymerScience vol 3 no 7 pp 519ndash530 2007

[57] D Kumar S Mallick J R Vedasiromoni and B C PalldquoAnti-leukemic activity of Dillenia indica L fruit extract andquantification of betulinic acid by HPLCrdquo Phytomedicine vol17 no 6 pp 431ndash435 2010

[58] D Dutta A Sarkar B Chakraborty C Chowdhury and P DasldquoInduction of apoptosis by a potent Betulinic acid derivative inHuman colon carcinoma HT-29 cellsrdquo International Journal ofScientific and Research Publications vol 5 no 2 pp 1ndash7 2015

[59] Z-L Yu X-R Liu M McCulloch and J Gao ldquoAnticancereffects of various fractions extracted from Dioscorea bulbiferaon mice bearing HepArdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 29no 6 pp 563ndash567 2004

[60] J-M Wang L-L Ji C J Banford-White et al ldquoAntitumoractivity of Dioscorea bulbifera L rhizome in vivordquo Fitoterapiavol 83 no 2 pp 388ndash394 2012

[61] B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoIn vitro cytotoxic and antitumorproperty of Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC in micerdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 73 no 3 pp 495ndash500 2000

[62] B S Shylesh S AjikumaranNair andA Subramoniam ldquoInduc-tion of cell-specific apoptosis and protection from Daltonrsquoslymphoma challenge in mice by an active fraction from Emiliasonchifoliardquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 37 no 4 pp232ndash237 2005

[63] H Lage N Duarte C Coburger A Hilgeroth and M J UFerreira ldquoAntitumor activity of terpenoids against classical andatypical multidrug resistant cancer cellsrdquo Phytomedicine vol 17no 6 pp 441ndash448 2010

[64] T Herlina Nasrudin U Supratman A Subamas A Sutardjoand H Hayashi ldquoAn isoflavonoid warangalone from the stembark of dadap ayam (Erythrina variegata)rdquo Journal of BasicSciences vol 9 no 1 pp 45ndash47 2008

[65] H Tati K Nurlelasari Dikdik S Unang and U Zalinar ldquoInvitro anticancer and antimalarial Erystagallin-a from Erythrinavariegata (L) stem barkrdquoMedicinal Plants vol 3 no 1 pp 9ndash132011

[66] M P Balasubramaniam and S Premkumari ldquoEffects ofHygrophila auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymesinN-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular Carcinoma inratsrdquo Journal of Herbal Medicine vol 1 pp 85ndash90 2012

[67] S J Uddin I D Grice and E Tiralongo ldquoCytotoxic effects ofBangladeshi medicinal plant extractsrdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2011 Article ID 5780927 pages 2011

10 International Scholarly Research Notices

[68] I LamprontiM T Khan N Bianchi et al ldquoBangladeshimedic-inal plant extracts inhibiting molecular interactions betweennuclear factors and target DNA sequences mimicking NF-120581Bbinding sitesrdquo Medicinal chemistry vol 1 no 4 pp 327ndash3332005

[69] S Ahmed A Rahman M Mathur M Athar and S Sul-tana ldquoAnti-tumor promoting activity of Asteracantha longifoliaagainst experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in ratsrdquo Food andChemical Toxicology vol 39 no 1 pp 19ndash28 2001

[70] R Bharali J Tabassum andM RH Azad ldquoChemomodulatoryeffect ofMoringa oleifera lam on hepatic carcinogenmetabolis-ing enzymes antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesisin micerdquo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention vol 4 no2 pp 131ndash139 2003

[71] M V S Parvathy and A Umamaheshwari ldquoCytotoxic effect ofMoringa oleifera leaf extracts on human multiple myeloma celllinesrdquo Trends in Medical Research vol 2 no 1 pp 44ndash50 2007

[72] L Berkovich G Earon I Ron A Rimmon A Vexler andS Lev-Ari ldquoMoringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract down-regulates nuclear factor-120581B and increases cytotoxic effect ofchemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo BMCComplementaryand Alternative Medicine vol 13 article 212 2013

[73] I L Jung ldquoSoluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves witha new anticancer activityrdquo PLoS ONE vol 9 no 4 Article IDe95492 2014

[74] L V Costa-Lotufo M T H Khan A Ather et al ldquoStudiesof the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folkmedicinerdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 99 no 1 pp 21ndash30 2005

[75] A Murakami A M Ali K Mat-Salleh K Koshimizu andH Ohigashi ldquoScreening for the in vitro anti-tumor-promotingactivities of edible plants fromMalaysiardquo Bioscience Biotechnol-ogy and Biochemistry vol 64 no 1 pp 9ndash16 2000

[76] I Lajter I Zupko J Molnar et al ldquoAntiproliferative activity ofpolygonaceae species from theCarpathian Basin against humancancer cell linesrdquo Phytotherapy Research vol 27 no 1 pp 77ndash852013

[77] J Ma Y Zi Jiang H Shi et al ldquoCucurbitacin B inhibitsthe translational expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1120572rdquoEuropean Journal of Pharmacology vol 723 no 1 pp 46ndash542014

[78] L Pan Y Yong Y Deng et al ldquoIsolation structure eluci-dation and biological evaluation of 1623-epoxycucurbitacinconstituents from eleaocarpus Chinensisrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 75 no 3 pp 444ndash452 2012

[79] S R Kim H S Seo H-S Choi et al ldquoTrichosanthes kirilowiiethanol extract and cucurbitacin D inhibit cell growth andinduce apoptosis through inhibition of STAT3 activity in breastcancer cellsrdquo Evidence-Based Complementary and AlternativeMedicine vol 2013 Article ID 975350 9 pages 2013

[80] N Takahashi Y Yoshida T Sugiura K Matsuno A Fujinoand U Yamashita ldquoCucurbitacin D isolated from Trichosantheskirilowii induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomacells in vitrordquo International Immunopharmacology vol 9 no 4pp 508ndash513 2009

[81] D R A Mans A B Da Rocha and G Schwartsmann ldquoAnti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil targeted plantcollection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancercompoundsrdquo Oncologist vol 5 no 3 pp 185ndash198 2000

[82] L Pan H-B Chai and A D Kinghorn ldquoDiscovery of newanticancer agents from higher plantsrdquo Frontiers in Biosciencevol 4 no 1 pp 142ndash156 2012

[83] M A Jordan and L Wilson ldquoMicrotubules as a target foranticancer drugsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 4 no 4 pp 253ndash265 2004

[84] D G I Kingston ldquoTubulin-interactive natural products asanticancer agentsrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 72 no 3pp 507ndash515 2009

[85] K R Hande ldquoEtoposide four decades of development of atopoisomerase II inhibitorrdquo European Journal of Cancer vol 34no 10 pp 1514ndash1521 1998

[86] G M Cragg and D J Newman ldquoA tale of two tumor targetstopoisomerase I and tubulin The Wall and Wani contributionto cancer chemotherapyrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67no 2 pp 232ndash244 2004

[87] Y-H Hsiang M G Lihou and L F Liu ldquoArrest of replicationforks by drug-stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable com-plexes as a mechanism of cell killing by camptothecinrdquo CancerResearch vol 49 no 18 pp 5077ndash5082 1989

[88] D C Zhou R Zittoun and J PMarie ldquoHomoharringtonine aneffective new natural product in cancer chemotherapyrdquo Bulletindu Cancer vol 82 no 12 pp 987ndash995 1995

[89] H Itokawa X Wang and K-H Lee ldquoHomoharringtonineand related compoundsrdquo in Anticancer Agents from NaturalProducts M CraggGordon G KingstonDavid and J NewmanDavid Eds pp 47ndash70 CRCTaylor amp Francis Boca Raton FlaUSA 2005

[90] A Quintas-Cardama H Kantarjian and J Cortes ldquoHomohar-ringtonine omacetaxine mepesuccinate and chronic myeloidleukemia circa 2009rdquo Cancer vol 115 no 23 pp 5382ndash53932009

[91] B B Aggarwal C Sundaram N Malani and H IchikawaldquoCurcumin the Indian solid goldrdquo Advances in ExperimentalMedicine and Biology vol 595 pp 1ndash75 2007

[92] G Sa T Das S Banerjee and J Chakraborty ldquoCurcumin fromexotic spice to modern anticancer drugrdquo Al Ameen Journal ofMedical Sciences vol 3 no 1 pp 21ndash37 2010

[93] B B Aggarwal A Bhardwaj R S Aggarwal N P Seeram SShishodia and Y Takada ldquoRole of resveratrol in prevention andtherapy of cancer preclinical and clinical studiesrdquo AnticancerResearch vol 24 no 5 pp 2783ndash2840 2004

[94] M Athar J H Back X Tang et al ldquoResveratrol a review ofpreclinical studies for human cancer preventionrdquo Toxicologyand Applied Pharmacology vol 224 no 3 pp 274ndash283 2007

[95] A Bishayee T Politis and A S Darvesh ldquoResveratrol in thechemoprevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomardquoCancer Treatment Reviews vol 36 no 1 pp 43ndash53 2010

[96] V Krystof and S Uldrijan ldquoCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitorsas anticancer drugsrdquoCurrent Drug Targets vol 11 no 3 pp 291ndash302 2010

[97] A M Senderowicz ldquoFlavopiridol the first cyclin-dependentkinase inhibitor in human clinical trialsrdquo Investigational NewDrugs vol 17 no 3 pp 313ndash320 1999

[98] R Li C Wang T Chen and P Chen ldquoQuantitative proteomicanalysis of cold-responsive proteins inAbelmoschus moschatusrdquoJournal of Animal amp Plant Sciences vol 14 no 3 pp 2006ndash20232012

[99] I Molfetta L Ceccarini M Macchia G Flamini and P LCioni ldquoAbelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench and AbelmoschusmoschatusMedik seeds production and analysis of the volatilecompoundsrdquo Food Chemistry vol 141 no 1 pp 34ndash40 2013

[100] M N Ahmed T Sultana M N K Azam andM RahmatullahldquoA preliminary antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity

International Scholarly Research Notices 11

evaluation of a mangrove speciesAcanthus ilicifolius L leaves inmicerdquo Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines vol 9 no 6 pp143ndash149 2014

[101] R Wostmann and G Liebezeit ldquoChemical composition of themangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae)mdashreview andadditional datardquo Senckenbergiana Maritima vol 38 no 1 pp31ndash37 2008

[102] U Kokpol V Chittawong and D H Miles ldquoChemical con-stituents of the roots of Acanthus illicifoliusrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 49 no 2 pp 355ndash356 1986

[103] K P Tiwara P KMinocha andMMasood ldquoAcanthicifolinemdasha new alkaloid from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Polish Journal ofChemistry vol 54 pp 857ndash858 1980

[104] C-H Huo B Wang W-H Lin and Y-Y Zhao ldquoBenzoxazi-nones from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Biochemical Systematics andEcology vol 33 no 6 pp 643ndash645 2005

[105] A Pakrashi and C Shaha ldquoEffect of methyl ester of aristolicacid from Aristolochia indica Linn on fertility of female micerdquoExperientia vol 34 no 9 pp 1192ndash1193 1978

[106] I Laakso T Seppanen-Laakso R Hiltunen and O EkundayoldquoComposition of the essential oil of Blumea lacera DC (Aster-aceae) leaves from Nigeriardquo Flavour and Fragrance Journal vol4 no 2 pp 73ndash75 1989

[107] S Subashini V Rameshkannan and P Mani ldquoPhytochemicaland GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from borassusflabellifer linn from rootrdquoEuropean Journal ofMolecular Biologyand Biochemistry vol 2 no 3 pp 148ndash152 2015

[108] M Guzman ldquoCannabinoids potential anticancer agentsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 3 no 10 pp 745ndash755 2003

[109] R Pandey R K Verma and M M Gupta ldquoNeo-clerodanediterpenoids from Clerodendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol66 no 6 pp 643ndash648 2005

[110] T Kanchanapoom R Kasai P Chumsri Y Hiraga and KYamasaki ldquoMegastigmane and iridoid glucosides from Clero-dendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol 58 no 2 pp 333ndash3362001

[111] S D Dubey ldquoOverview on Cucurbita maximardquo InternationalJournal of Phytopharmacy vol 2 no 3 pp 68ndash71 2012

[112] K R Dutta S Banerjee andAMitra ldquoMedicinal plants ofWestmidnapore India emphasis on phytochemical containmenthaving role on oral cancerrdquo International Journal of Phytophar-macology vol 3 no 2 pp 198ndash208 2012

[113] A Murakami M Nakashima T Koshiba et al ldquoModifyingeffects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generationfrom stimulated leukocytesrdquo Cancer Letters vol 149 no 1-2 pp115ndash123 2000

[114] S M Sundarapandian and P S Swamy ldquoLitter production andleaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropicalforests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats Indiardquo Forest Ecologyand Management vol 123 no 2-3 pp 231ndash244 1999

[115] D Gandhi and P Mehta ldquoDillenia indica Linn and Dilleniapentagyna Roxb pharmacognostic phytochemical and thera-peutic aspectsrdquo Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science vol3 no 11 pp 134ndash142 2013

[116] H Gao M Kuroyanagi L Wu N Kawahara T Yasuno and YNakamura ldquoAntitumor-promoting constituents fromDioscoreabulbifera L in JB6 mouse epidermal cellsrdquo Biological andPharmaceutical Bulletin vol 25 no 9 pp 1241ndash1243 2002

[117] J J Gao D L Cheng and X P Liu ldquoChemical constituents ofEmilia sonchifolia L DCrdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 18no 2 pp 102ndash127 1993

[118] T K Datta and P S Basu ldquoHuman erythrocyte specific lectinfrom the seeds of Indian coral tree Erythrina variegata Linnvar orientali Linn Merrillrdquo Journal of Biosciences vol 5 no 1pp 25ndash30 1983

[119] L Xiaoli W Naili W M Sau A S C Chen and Y XinshengldquoFour new isoflavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrinavariegatardquo Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 54 no 4pp 570ndash573 2006

[120] A Kumar S Lingadurai A Jain and N R Barman ldquoErythrinavariegata Linn a review on morphology phytochemistry andpharmacological aspectsrdquo Pharmacognosy Reviews vol 4 no8 pp 147ndash152 2010

[121] A Ghani Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with ChemicalConstituents and Uses Asiatic Society of Bangladesh DhakaBangladesh 2003

[122] P Bairaj and S Nagarajan ldquoApigenin 7-O-glucuronide from theflowers of Asteracantha longifolia Neesrdquo Indian Drugs vol 19pp 150ndash152 1982

[123] V V Parashar and H Singh ldquoInvestigation of Astercanthalongifolia Neesrdquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 27 no 4pp 109ndash113 1965

[124] T R Govindachari K Nagarajan and B R Pai ldquoIsolation oflupeol from the root of Asteracantha longifolia neesrdquo IndianJournal of Scientific Research B vol 16 article 72 1957

[125] T N Misra R S Singh H S Pandey B K Singh and R PPandey ldquoConstituents of Asteracantha longifoliardquo Fitoterapiavol 72 no 2 pp 194ndash196 2001

[126] C Quasim and N L Dutta ldquoReported the prescence ofstigmasterol in the root ofAsteracantha longifoliaNeesrdquo Journalof Indian Chemical Society vol 44 article 82 1967

[127] C K Bose ldquoPossible role of Moringa oleifera Lam root inepithelial ovarian cancerrdquo Medscape General Medicine vol 9article 26 2007

[128] A P Guevara C Vargas H Sakurai et al ldquoAn antitumor pro-moter fromMoringa oleifera LamrdquoMutation ResearchGeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis vol 440 no 2 pp181ndash188 1999

[129] Atta-ur-Rahman M Shabbir S Z Sultani A Jabbar and MI Choudhary ldquoCinnamates and coumarins from the leaves ofMurraya paniculatardquo Phytochemistry vol 44 no 4 pp 683ndash685 1997

[130] J K Lin and T S Wu ldquoConstituents of flowers of Murrayapaniculatardquo Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society vol 41 no2 pp 213ndash216 1994

[131] T-S Wu M-J Liou T-T Jong Y-J Chen and J-S LaildquoIndole alkaloids and coumarins from the root bark ofMurrayapaniculata var Omphalocarpardquo Phytochemistry vol 28 no 10pp 2873ndash2874 1989

[132] T-S Wu Y-Y Chan Y-L Leu and S-C Huang ldquoA flavonoidand indole alkaloid from flowers of Murraya paniculatardquoPhytochemistry vol 37 no 1 pp 287ndash288 1994

[133] M Parimala and F G Shoba ldquoPhytochemical analysis andIn vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract ofNymphaea nouchali Burm frdquo Asian Pacific Journal of TropicalBiomedicine vol 3 no 11 pp 887ndash895 2013

[134] S R Kabir M A Zubair M Nurujjaman et al ldquoPurificationand characterization of a Ca2+-dependent novel lectin fromNymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activitiesrdquo Bio-science Reports vol 31 no 6 pp 465ndash475 2011

[135] A K M M Huq J A Jamal and J Stanslas ldquoEthnobotanicalphytochemical pharmacological and toxicological aspects of

12 International Scholarly Research Notices

Persicaria hydropiper (L) delarbrerdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2014 Article ID 78283011 pages 2014

[136] V Vadivel A Patel and H K Biesalski ldquoEffect of traditionalprocessing methods on the antioxidant 120572-amylase and 120572-glucosidase enzyme inhibition properties of Sesbania sesbanMerrill seedsrdquo CyTAmdashJournal of Food vol 10 no 2 pp 128ndash136 2012

[137] N Das P Chandran and S Chakraborty ldquoPotent spermicidaleffect of oleanolic acid 3-beta-d-glucuronide an active principleisolated from the plant Sesbania sesbanMerrillrdquo Contraceptionvol 83 no 2 pp 167ndash175 2011

[138] M Kathiresh P D Suganya andM Saravanakumar ldquoBioactivecompounds in Sesbania sesban flower and its antioxidant andantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Pharmacy Research vol 5 no1 pp 293ndash390 2012

[139] M E Barbercheck and J Wang ldquoEffect of cucurbitacin Don in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus sppsymbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodesrdquo Journal ofInvertebrate Pathology vol 68 no 2 pp 141ndash145 1996

[140] CMi JMaH Shi et al ldquo410158406-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoauroneinhibits the HIF-1120572 pathway through inhibition of AktmTORp70S6K4E-BP1 phosphorylationrdquo Journal of PharmacologicalSciences vol 125 no 2 pp 193ndash201 2014

[141] M Valyova V Hadjimitova S Stoyanov Y Ganeva and ITrayko Petkov ldquoFree radical scavenging activity of extractsfrom Bulgarian Veronica officinalis L and GC-MS analysis ofethanol extractrdquoThe Internet Journal of Aesthetic and AntiagingMedicine vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2008

[142] I Saracoglu F H Oztunca A Nagatsu and U S HarputldquoIridoid content and biological activities of Veronica cuneifoliasubsp cuneifolia and V cymbalariardquo Pharmaceutical Biologyvol 49 no 11 pp 1150ndash1157 2011

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

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Volume 2014

ToxinsJournal of

VaccinesJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AntibioticsInternational Journal of

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StrokeResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Drug DeliveryJournal of

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Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences

Tropical MedicineJournal of

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Medicinal ChemistryInternational Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AddictionJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

BioMed Research International

Emergency Medicine InternationalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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Autoimmune Diseases

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Anesthesiology Research and Practice

ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Pharmaceutics

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of

Page 5: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

International Scholarly Research Notices 5

Table 3 List of some plant-derived antineoplastic lead compounds currently in use and currently in clinical trials [81 82]

Source of plant Specific mechanism of actions of the lead compoundsAntineoplastic lead compounds currentlyin use

Vinblastine Vincristine Catharanthus roseus Bind to the microtubulin site in the 120573-subunit and disrupt theassembly of microtubules in mitosis [83]

Taxol Taxus brevifoliaBinds to the taxane site as a microtubule stabilizer and interferingwith the normal breakdown of microtubules during cell division[84]

Etoposide Podophyllum peltatum Binds to tubulin and interferes with the formation of spindles inmitosis [85]

Camptothecin irinotecan andtopotecan Camptotheca acuminata

Arrest the cell cycle at the S-phase by inhibiting the activity oftopoisomerase I leading to the inhibition of DNA replication andtranscription [86 87]

Antineoplastic lead compounds currentlyin clinical trials

Homoharringtonine Harringtoniacephalotaxus

Inhibits protein synthesis and blocking cell-cycle progression [88]promotes apoptosis and inhibits protein synthesis at the ribosomallevel [89 90]

Curcumin Curcuma longa

Induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of a variety ofmalignant cells and is involved in the regulation of combinedsignaling pathways at multiple levels by acting on various targetsincluding modulation of gene transcription factors (NF120581B p53and AP-1) growth factors and their receptors (PDGF EGF andVEGF) cell surface adhesion molecules (E-cadherin 120573-cadenin)and protein kinases (CDKs EGFR PKC and p38 MAPK) [91 92]

ResveratrolVitis vinifera Morusalba and Arachishypogaea

Inhibits the growth of cancer cells and induces apoptosis by actingat multiple cellular targets including activation of p53 inhibiting10 otulins 10 genases and cytochrome P450 enzymes andactivating AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) [93ndash95]

Flavopiridol Amoora rohituka

Exhibits apoptosis induction [96] inhibits the activity ofcyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) by competing with ATP at theirnucleotide binding sites and causes cell cycle arrest at either the G1or G1M phases [97]

inducing activity was confirmed based on increased sub-G0 phase cell population in cell cycle analysis loss of mito-chondrial membrane potential elevated levels of cytochromec nuclear morphological changes and DNA fragmentationin MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells [43] B flabelliferseed coat extracts were screened in another study [44] fortheir possible anticancer activity on growth of the HeLacells and these preliminary studies indicated that even thelower concentrations of plant extract showed significantantiproliferative activity

46 Blumea lacera (Blumea) There is an in vitro study [45]that showed that Blumea lacera exhibited broad spectrumantileukemic activity against K562 L1210 P3HR1 and U937leukemia cells Methanolic extract of B lacera leaves has alsoshowed cytotoxic activity against human gastric adenocarci-noma cell line human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lineand human breast ductal carcinoma cell line [46]

47 Cannabis sativa (Hemp) The interest in anticarcinogenicproperties of cannabinoidswas renewed after the discovery ofthe endocannabinoid system [47] The administration of Δ9-THCΔ8-THC and cannabinol inhibited the growth of Lewis

lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro as well as in vivo after oraladministration in mice [48] Antitumorigenic mechanismsof cannabinoids are showing their ability to interfere withtumor neovascularization cancer cell migration adhesioninvasion and metastasis [49] The mechanism of cannabi-noidsrsquo anticancer action depends on the ability of their agentsto stimulate autophagy-mediated apoptotic cancer cell deaththus cannabinoid action helps in cancer cell death impairstumor angiogenesis and blocks invasion and metastasis [50]and cannabinoids are currently also being tested as anticanceragents in phase III clinical studies [51]

48 Cucurbita maxima (Pumpkin) Methanol extract ofCucurbita maxima aerial parts has been performed againstEhrlich Ascites Carcinoma model in mice by Saha et al[52] for the antitumor activity and the results revealed thatC maxima possesses significant anticancer activity whichmay be due to its cytotoxicity and antioxidant properties L-asparaginase is an antineoplastic agent identified from fruitof C maxima used for treatment of a type of cancer that isacute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkinrsquos lymphoma[53] as well as being experimentally used as an anticanceragent in human patients [54 55]

6 International Scholarly Research Notices

Table4Listof

repo

rted

phytochemicalsfrom

Bang

ladeshiantineoplastic

plantsused

byfolkmedicinep

ractition

ers

Seria

lnum

ber

Plantsou

rce

Phytochemicalconstituents

Reference

1Ab

elmoschus

moschatus

Urid

ine(1-[(3R4S5R)-34-dihydroxy-5-

(hydroxymethyl)o

xolan-2-yl]pyrim

idine-

24-dion

e)n

-tridecaneiso

pentyl2-methylbutanoateand

decanal

[9899]

2Ac

anthus

ilicifolius

Flavon

oidsglycosid

essapon

insste

roidsandtann

inslupeol120572

-amyrinolcanolicacid

andursolic

acidssapo

ninand

triterpenoidsapo

nin

steroids(stigmasterolcampeste

rolandsitosterol)

alkaloids(acanthicifo

linea

ndbenzoxazinium)

andph

enolics(acanfolio

sideilicifolio

sideacteosideverbascosid

eandapigenin)

[100ndash104]

3Ar

istolochiaindica

Aris

tolochicacidflavon

oidstanninsglycosid

espheno

landsapo

nins

[38105]

4Blum

ealacera

Thym

oquino

ldim

ethyl120573-caryoph

yllene120572

-hum

uleneandE-120573-fa

rnesene5-hydroxy-36731015840

41015840

-pentametho

xyflavone

53101584041015840

-trihydroxy

flavone

[46106]

5Bo

rassu

sflabellifer

Dam

maranetriterpeno

idresorcino

lph

enolpentano

icacidglycerin

10-un

decenyleste

roctadecano

icacidand

n-hexadecano

icacid

[43107]

6Ca

nnabissativa

Cann

abinoidsΔ

9-TH

CΔ8-TH

C[48108]

7Clerodendrum

inerme

Neocle

rodane

diterpenoids

(inermes

AB

and1415

-dihydro-15120573

-metho

xy-3-epicaryop

tin)megastig

maneg

lycosid

esand

irido

idglycoside

[109110]

8Cu

curbita

maxim

aCa

rboh

ydratesalkaloidsglycosidestanninsflavon

oidsand

sapo

nins

steroidsL-asparaginaseglutamicacidcalcium

andresin

and120573-carotenelycopeneand

lutein

[53111ndash113]

9Dilleniaindica

Dihydroiso

rham

netin

dillenetintannin

betunaldehydebetulin

icacidrhamnetin

dihydroiso

rham

netin

lup

eol

myricetinn

aringenin

quercetin

andkaem

pferolglucosideandstigmasterol

[114115]

10Dioscorea

bulbifera

Kaem

pferol-35-dim

ethylethercaryatin

(L)-catechin

myricetinquercetin-3-O

-galactopyrano

side

myricetin-3-O

-galactopyrano

sidemyricetin-3-O

-glucopyrano

sideanddiosbu

lbin

B[116]

11Em

iliasonchifolia

Beta-sito

sterolstigmasterolpalm

itica

cidandho

neyacid

[117]

12Erythrinavarie

gata

Lectinisoflavonesalkaloidsflavono

idspterocarpanstriterpenesste

roidsalkyltransferulatesproteinslecithin

1011-dioxoerythratidineandcrystagallinA

[65118

ndash120]

13Hygrophila

auric

ulata

Flavon

oids

andpo

lyph

enolsapigenin

7-O-glucuronide

alkaloids(asteracanthine

andasteracanthicine)triterpenes

(lupeol

hydrocarbo

nhentria

contane13

otulinluteolin

and

luteolin-7-O

-rutinoside)alip

hatic

esters(25-oxo-hentria

contyl

acetatemethyl8-nhexyltetracosanoate)andste

rols(stig

masterol)

[121ndash126]

14Moringa

oleifera

Flavon

oidpigm

ents(kaempferolrhamnetin

isoqu

ercitrinand

kaem

pferitrin)glycosidec

ompo

undsglucosin

olatesand

isothiocyanatesbeta-sitosterolglycerol-1-(9-octadecanoate)3-O-(61015840-O

-oleoyl-b

eta-D-glucopyrano

syl)

beta-sito

sterol

andbeta-sito

sterol-3

-O-beta-D-glucopyrano

side

[127128]

15Murraya

paniculata

Cou

marins(7-metho

xy-8-(3-methyl-2

-oxobu

toxy)-2H

-chrom

en-2-oneumbelliferoneand

scop

olin)indo

lealkaloids

(murrayacarin

eand

murrayaculatine)

[129ndash132]

16Ny

mphaeanouchali

Protein

carboh

ydratereducingsugarglycosidespheno

ltann

inflavon

essapon

insteroidalkaloidanthraqu

inon

equ

inon

eandlectin

[133134]

17Persica

riahydropiper

Apigenin-7-O

-glucosid

ecatechinepicatechinhyperinisoqu

ercitrinkaempferolkaempferolrutin

osidequ

ercitrin

persicarinrhamnetin

polygon

icacidpolygod

ialacetal

[135]

18Sesbaniasesban

Oleanolicacidstig

mastane-524(28)-diene-3120573

-O-120573-D

-galactopyrano

sidegalactom

annan

phenolsflavono

idsa

ndanthocyaninsand

sapo

nin

[136ndash138]

19Trich

osantheskirilow

iiCu

curbita

cinB

cucurbita

cinD41015840

6-dihydroxy-4-m

etho

xyiso

aurone

[77139140]

20Veronica

officin

alis

Terpeneseste

rssteroids(ste

rolsandste

renes)p-hydroxyph

enylethylalco

holmaltolandlolio

lide120573-sito

sterol

120572-lino

lenica

ndlin

oleica

cidandirido

idglucoside

[141142]

International Scholarly Research Notices 7

49 Dillenia indica (Elephant Apple) Leaf powder ofDilleniaindica is given in treatment of breast cancer [56] Themethanolic extract ofD indica has been found to have signifi-cant antileukemic activity in human leukemic cell lines U937HL60 and K562 [57] Methanolic extracts of betulinic acidwere prepared from theD indica fruits inducing apoptosis inHT-29 cells via mitochondrial dependent pathway and prov-ing to be a potential therapeutic agent for colon cancer [58]

410 Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato) Petroleum ether frac-tion of the plant showed potential effects against HepAwith microstructure abnormality of HepA cells surface [59]Immune system modulation might be related to antitumoreffects of D bulbifera rhizome as reported in S180 and H22tumor cells bearing mice [60]

411 Emilia sonchifolia (Lilac Tasselflower) The aqueousand methanolic extracts of the leaves of Emilia sonchifoliagradually exhibit antitumor activities [61] The n-hexaneextract of E sonchifolia has anticancer effect and is richin terpenoids [62] and terpenoids were evaluated for theirpotential antineoplastic activity in various human cancer celllines such as gastric pancreatic and colon carcinomas [63]

412 Erythrina variegata (Tigerrsquos Claw) Steroid derived fromthe stem bark and the leaves of Erythrina variegata showedanticancer activity against in vitro breast cancer cell T47D[64] Alkaloids (1011-dioxoerythratidine and crystagallin A)extracted from the leaves and stem bark of E variegataplant strongly stated in vitro anticancer activity against breastcancer T47D cell lines in vitro using the Sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay [65]

413 Hygrophila auriculata (Marsh Barbel) The effect ofH auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma inrats [66] The aqueous seed extract from H auriculatadisplayed selective cancer cell cytotoxicity with an IC50 valueof 022mgmLminus1 against colon cancer cells [67] In vitro studyof H auriculata extracts has reported antitumor and NF120581Binhibition [68] Ahmad et al reported antitumor activityfromplant extract against chemically induced hepatocarcino-genesis in Wister rats [69]

414 Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree) A hydroalcoholicextract ofMoringa oleifera study revealed possible chemopre-ventive potential against chemical carcinogenesis [70]Differ-ent leaf extracts ofM oleifera produced significant cytotoxiceffects on human multiple myeloma cultured cell lines [71]A study [72] showed that leaves extract ofM oleifera can sig-nificantly obstruct the growth of cultured human pancreaticcarcinoma cells by inhibiting the NF-120581B signaling pathwayMost of the anticancer studies ofM oleifera have not focusedon the molecular basis of the tumor-suppressive activity butstrongly suggested that it could potentially be a supremeanticancer candidate specific to cancer cells [73 74]

415 Nymphaea nouchali (Blue Water Lily) The methanolicextract of Nymphaea nouchali roots has showed inhibitoryactivity towards tumor promoter in the Raji cells [75]

416 Persicaria hydropiper (Water Pepper) In vitro antiprolif-erative activity of Polygonum hydropiper (synonymy) extractswas evaluated against cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma skinepidermoid carcinoma and breast epithelial adenocarcinomacells and the results confirmed substantial cell growthinhibitory activity against one or more cell lines [76]

417 Trichosanthes kirilowii (Chinese Cucumber) A triter-penoid compound named cucurbitacin B isolated from Tri-chosanthes kirilowii showed the potent inhibitory activityagainst HIF-1 activation induced by hypoxia in varioushuman cancer cell lines In vivo studies confirmed the inhibi-tory effect of cucurbitacin B on the expression of HIF-1120572proteins leading to a decrease growth of HeLa cells in axenograft tumor model [77] Cucurbitacin D isolated fromthe plant has also been shown to suppress proliferation ofHT-29 human colon cancer cells [78] and the compound could bepotent therapeutic agent for breast cancer by blocking tumorcell proliferation and inducing apoptosis through suppressionof STAT3 activity [79] and it could also induce apoptosis inhuman hepatocellular carcinoma cells [80]

5 Conclusions

Among twenty plant species four of the species used byfolk medicine practitioners have no strong published dataregarding anticancer or cytotoxic activities These 4 speciesareC inermeM paniculata S sesban andV officinalis Fromjust a brief survey of the literature it appears that the rest ofthe sixteen plants used by the Kabirajes in three districts ofBangladesh present considerable potential in the treatmentof cancer Further scientific studies need to be conducted onthese plants towards discovery of lead compounds whichcan lead to formulation of new drugs for the prevention andmanagement ofmalignant neoplastic diseases with giving lessor no side effects

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare they have no competing interests

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank all the medicine practitioners forproviding useful information regarding cancer treatment

References

[1] B Vogelstein and K W Kinzler The Genetic Basis of HumanCancer McGraw-Hill New York NY USA 2nd edition 2002

[2] W Schulz Molecular Biology of Human Cancers An AdvancedStudentrsquos Textbook Springer DordrechtThe Netherlands 2007

[3] B R Zetter ldquoAngiogenesis and tumor metastasisrdquo AnnualReview of Medicine vol 49 pp 407ndash424 1998

8 International Scholarly Research Notices

[4] J Folkman ldquoRole of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metas-tasisrdquo Seminars in Oncology vol 29 no 6 supplement 16 pp15ndash18 2002

[5] A Jemal T Murray E Ward et al ldquoCancer statistics 2005rdquo CACancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no 1 pp 10ndash30 2005

[6] P A Wingo C J Cardinez S H Landis et al ldquoLong-termtrends in cancer mortality in the United States 1930ndash1998rdquoCancer vol 97 no 12 pp 3133ndash3275 2003

[7] Cancer Registry Report 2005ndash2007National Institute of CancerResearch and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh December 2009

[8] A K Uddin Z J Khan J Islam and A M Mahmud ldquoCancercare scenario in Bangladesh SouthAsianrdquo Journal of Cancer vol2 no 2 pp 102ndash104 2013

[9] V Noronha U Tsomo A Jamshed et al ldquoA fresh look atoncology facts on south central Asia and SAARC countriesrdquoSouth Asian Journal of Cancer vol 1 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2012

[10] CMCottonEthnobotany Principle adApplication JohnWileyamp Sons New York NY USA 1996

[11] M N Ahmed and M N K Azam ldquoTraditional knowledgeand formulations of medicinal plants used by the traditionalmedical practitioners of Bangladesh to treat schizophrenia likepsychosisrdquo Schizophrenia Research and Treatment vol 2014Article ID 679210 10 pages 2014

[12] M N K Azam MA Mannan and M N Ahmed ldquoMedicinalplants used by the traditional medical practitioners of Baren-dra and Shamatat (Rajshahi amp Khulna Division) region inBangladesh for treatment of cardiovascular disordersrdquo Journalof Medicinal Plants Studies vol 2 no 2 pp 9ndash14 2014

[13] M N K Azam S Biswas and M N Ahmed ldquoA cross-sectional study of ethnopharmacology in the Noakhali districtof Bangladesh and exploring potential ocular immunostimu-latory activity of the medicinal plants for the treatment of eyeinfectionsrdquo PharmacologyOnline vol 1 no 1 pp 77ndash89 2015

[14] M N Hasan M N K Azam M N Ahmed and A HirashimaldquoA randomized ethnomedicinal survey of snakebite treatmentin southwestern parts of Bangladeshrdquo Journal of Traditional andComplementary Medicine 2015

[15] M F KadirM S Bin Sayeed T Shams andMM KMia ldquoEth-nobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Bangladeshitraditional health practitioners in the management of diabetesmellitusrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 144 no 3 pp 605ndash611 2012

[16] M F Kadir M S Bin Sayeed and M M K Mia ldquoEthnophar-macological survey of medicinal plants used by traditionalhealers in Bangladesh for gastrointestinal disordersrdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 147 no 1 pp 148ndash156 2013

[17] AMollik T Islam A Khatun D Nasrin R Jahan andM Rah-matullah ldquoMedicinal plants used against gastrointestinal tractdisorders by traditional medicinal practitioners of BangladeshrdquoPlanta Medica vol 75 article PD57 2009

[18] MAHMollikM R Faruque KAkterM T IslamM FHos-sain and D Sen ldquoEthnomedicinal survey of medicinal plantsused as remedy for HIVAIDS related infections by the tradi-tional medicinal practitioners of Bangladeshrdquo in Proceedings ofthe 18th International AIDS Conference (AIDS rsquo10) Abstract noMOPE0213 Vienna Austria July 2010

[19] M Rahmatullah R Jahan A K Azad et al ldquoA randomizedsurvey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitionersin six districts of bangladesh to treat rheumatoid arthritisrdquoAdvances in Natural and Applied Sciences vol 4 no 2 pp 124ndash127 2010

[20] M H Rashid R Tanzin K C Ghosh R Jahan M A Khaunand M Rahmatullah ldquoAn ethnoveterinary survey of medicinalplants used to treat cattle diseases in Birishiri area Netrakonadistrict Bangladeshrdquo Advances in Natural and Applied Sciencesvol 4 no 1 pp 10ndash13 2010

[21] P Maundu ldquoMethodology for collecting and sharing indige-nous knowledge a case studyrdquo Indigenous Knowledge andDevelopment Monitor vol 3 pp 3ndash5 1995

[22] M N Alexiades ldquoCollecting ethnobotanical datardquo in SelectingGuidelines for Ethnobotanical Research pp 53ndash94 The NewYork Botanical Garden Press 1996

[23] D M Parkin F Bray J Ferlay and P Pisani ldquoGlobal cancerstatistics 2002rdquo CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no2 pp 74ndash108 2005

[24] M S Butler ldquoThe role of natural product chemistry in drugdiscoveryrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67 no 12 pp 2141ndash2153 2004

[25] HWang T O Khor L Shu et al ldquoPlants vs cancer a review onnatural phytochemicals in preventing and treating cancers andtheir druggabilityrdquo Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistryvol 12 no 10 pp 1281ndash1305 2012

[26] J LHartwellPlantsUsed against Cancer A Survey QuartermanPublications Lawrence Mass USA 1982

[27] R Gerson-Cwillich A Serrano-Olvera and A Villalobos-Prieto ldquoComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) inMexican patients with cancerrdquoClinical and Translational Oncol-ogy vol 8 no 3 pp 200ndash207 2006

[28] H Raina G Soni N Jauhari N Sharma and N BharadvajaldquoPhytochemical importance of medicinal plants as potentialsources of anticancer agentsrdquo Turkish Journal of Botany vol 38pp 1027ndash1035 2014

[29] J G Graham M L Quinn D S Fabricant and N RFarnsworth ldquoPlants used against cancermdashan extension of thework of Jonathan Hartwellrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol73 no 3 pp 347ndash377 2000

[30] S Mohammad ldquoAnti-cancer agents from medicinal plantsrdquoBangladesh journal of Pharmacology vol 1 no 2 pp 35ndash412006

[31] S Kundusen A Bala B Kar et al ldquoAntitumor potential ofCitrus limetta fruit peel in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearingSwiss albinomicerdquoAlternativeMedicine Studies vol 2 no 1 pp48ndash51 2012

[32] E K Spiridon and G B Maria Plants That Fight Cancer CRCPress 2004

[33] M Z Gul L M Bhakshu F Ahmad A K Kondapi I AQureshi and I A Ghazi ldquoEvaluation of Abelmoschus moscha-tus extracts for antioxidant free radical scavenging antimicro-bial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assaysrdquo BMCComplementary and Alternative Medicine vol 11 article 642011

[34] B H Babu B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoTumour reducingand anticarcinogenic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius in micerdquoJournal of Ethnopharmacology vol 79 no 1 pp 27ndash33 2002

[35] T Chakraborty D Bhuniya M Chatterjee et al ldquoAcanthusilicifolius plant extract prevents DNA alterations in a trans-plantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing murine modelrdquoWorld Journal of Gastroenterology vol 13 no 48 pp 6538ndash65482007

[36] P V Khajure and J L Rathod ldquoPotential anticancer activityof Acanthus ilicifolius extracted from the Mangroves Forestof Karwar West Cost of Indiardquo World Journal of Science andTechnology vol 1 pp 1ndash6 2011

International Scholarly Research Notices 9

[37] M Firdaus A A Prihanto and R Nurdiani ldquoAntioxidant andcytotoxic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius flowerrdquo Asian PacificJournal of Tropical Biomedicine vol 3 no 1 pp 17ndash21 2013

[38] V Subramaniyan R Saravanan D Baskaran and SRamalalingam ldquoIn vitro free radical scavenging and anticancerpotential of Aristolochia indica L against MCF-7 cell linerdquoInternational Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesvol 7 no 6 pp 392ndash396 2015

[39] A Y K M Rana and J A Khanam ldquoAristolochia indica wholeplant extract as an Antineoplastic agentrdquo Journal of MedicalSciences vol 2 no 4 pp 2002ndash2205 2002

[40] H Nagasawa G Wu and H Inatomi ldquoEffects of aristolosidea component of guan-mu-tong (Caulis aristolochiae man-shuriensis) on normal and preneoplastic mammary glandgrowth in micerdquo Anticancer Research vol 17 no 1 pp 237ndash2401997

[41] P Garodia H Ichikawa N Malani G Sethi and B B Aggar-wal ldquoFrom ancient medicine to modern medicine ayurvedicconcepts of health and their role in inflammation and cancerrdquoJournal of the Society for Integrative Oncology vol 5 no 1 pp25ndash37 2007

[42] B Achari S Crakrabarty and S C Pakrashi ldquoAn N-glycosideand steroids from Aristolochia indicardquo Phytochemistry vol 20no 6 pp 1444ndash1445 1981

[43] N S Yarla R Azad M Basha et al ldquo5-lipoxygenase andcyclooxygenase inhibitory dammarane triterpenoid 1 fromborassus flabellifer seed coat inhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572secretion in LPSInduced THP-1 humanmonocytes and inducesapoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo Anti-CancerAgents inMedicinal Chemistry vol 15 no 8 pp 1066ndash1077 2015

[44] G R Duddukuri Y N Sastry D S VG K Kaladhar P ABabu K K Rao andKK Chaitanya ldquoPreliminary studies on invitro anti-tumor activity of tender seed coat extract of Borassusflabellifer L on hela cell linerdquo International Journal of CurrentResearch vol 3 no 7 pp 75ndash77 2011

[45] L-C Chiang H-Y Cheng C-C Chen and C-C Lin ldquoInvitro anti-leukemic and antiviral activities of traditionally usedmedicinal plants in Taiwanrdquo The American Journal of ChineseMedicine vol 32 no 5 pp 695ndash704 2004

[46] P Tiwari G Aluja A S Pandey and N Sharma ldquoIsolation andbiological evaluation of some phytoconstituents from Blumealacera (Burn F) DCrdquo International Journal of Pharmacy ampPharmaceutical Sciences vol 4 supplement 4 pp 148ndash150 2012

[47] PMassiM Solinas V Cinquina andD Parolaro ldquoCannabidiolas potential anticancer drugrdquoBritish Journal of Clinical Pharma-cology vol 75 no 2 pp 303ndash312 2013

[48] A EMunson L S HarrisM A FriedmanW L Dewey and RA Carchman ldquoAntineoplastic activity of cannabinoidsrdquo Journalof the National Cancer Institute vol 55 no 3 pp 597ndash602 1975

[49] N Freimuth R Ramer and B Hinz ldquoAntitumorigenic effects ofcannabinoids beyond apoptosisrdquo Journal of Pharmacology andExperimental Therapeutics vol 332 no 2 pp 336ndash344 2010

[50] G Velasco C Sanchez and M Guzman ldquoTowards the use ofcannabinoids as antitumour agentsrdquo Nature Reviews Cancervol 12 no 6 pp 436ndash444 2012

[51] G Velasco S Hernandez-Tiedra D Davila and M LorenteldquoThe use of cannabinoids as anticancer agentsrdquo Progress inNeuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry vol 64pp 259ndash266 2016

[52] P Saha U K Mazumder P K Haldar et al ldquoAnticanceractivity of methanol extract of Cucurbita maxima against

Ehrlich as-cites carcinomardquo International Journal of Research inPharmaceutical Sciences vol 2 no 1 pp 52ndash59 2011

[53] A Shrivastava A A Khan S K Jain et al ldquoBiotechnologicaladvancement in isolation of anti-neoplastic compounds fromnatural origin a novel source of L-asparaginaserdquo Acta Biomed-ica vol 81 no 2 pp 104ndash108 2010

[54] L A Clavell R D Gelber H J Cohen et al ldquoFour agentinduction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment ofchildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiardquo The New EnglandJournal of Medicine vol 315 no 11 pp 657ndash663 1986

[55] M D Story D W Voehringer L C Stephens and R E MeynldquoL-asparaginase kills lymphoma cells by apoptosisrdquo CancerChemotherapy and Pharmacology vol 32 no 2 pp 129ndash1331993

[56] M Anisuzzaman A H M M Rahman M Harun-Or-RashidA TMNaderuzzaman andAKMR Islam ldquoAn ethnobotan-ical study of madhupur Tangailrdquo Journal of Applied PolymerScience vol 3 no 7 pp 519ndash530 2007

[57] D Kumar S Mallick J R Vedasiromoni and B C PalldquoAnti-leukemic activity of Dillenia indica L fruit extract andquantification of betulinic acid by HPLCrdquo Phytomedicine vol17 no 6 pp 431ndash435 2010

[58] D Dutta A Sarkar B Chakraborty C Chowdhury and P DasldquoInduction of apoptosis by a potent Betulinic acid derivative inHuman colon carcinoma HT-29 cellsrdquo International Journal ofScientific and Research Publications vol 5 no 2 pp 1ndash7 2015

[59] Z-L Yu X-R Liu M McCulloch and J Gao ldquoAnticancereffects of various fractions extracted from Dioscorea bulbiferaon mice bearing HepArdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 29no 6 pp 563ndash567 2004

[60] J-M Wang L-L Ji C J Banford-White et al ldquoAntitumoractivity of Dioscorea bulbifera L rhizome in vivordquo Fitoterapiavol 83 no 2 pp 388ndash394 2012

[61] B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoIn vitro cytotoxic and antitumorproperty of Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC in micerdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 73 no 3 pp 495ndash500 2000

[62] B S Shylesh S AjikumaranNair andA Subramoniam ldquoInduc-tion of cell-specific apoptosis and protection from Daltonrsquoslymphoma challenge in mice by an active fraction from Emiliasonchifoliardquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 37 no 4 pp232ndash237 2005

[63] H Lage N Duarte C Coburger A Hilgeroth and M J UFerreira ldquoAntitumor activity of terpenoids against classical andatypical multidrug resistant cancer cellsrdquo Phytomedicine vol 17no 6 pp 441ndash448 2010

[64] T Herlina Nasrudin U Supratman A Subamas A Sutardjoand H Hayashi ldquoAn isoflavonoid warangalone from the stembark of dadap ayam (Erythrina variegata)rdquo Journal of BasicSciences vol 9 no 1 pp 45ndash47 2008

[65] H Tati K Nurlelasari Dikdik S Unang and U Zalinar ldquoInvitro anticancer and antimalarial Erystagallin-a from Erythrinavariegata (L) stem barkrdquoMedicinal Plants vol 3 no 1 pp 9ndash132011

[66] M P Balasubramaniam and S Premkumari ldquoEffects ofHygrophila auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymesinN-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular Carcinoma inratsrdquo Journal of Herbal Medicine vol 1 pp 85ndash90 2012

[67] S J Uddin I D Grice and E Tiralongo ldquoCytotoxic effects ofBangladeshi medicinal plant extractsrdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2011 Article ID 5780927 pages 2011

10 International Scholarly Research Notices

[68] I LamprontiM T Khan N Bianchi et al ldquoBangladeshimedic-inal plant extracts inhibiting molecular interactions betweennuclear factors and target DNA sequences mimicking NF-120581Bbinding sitesrdquo Medicinal chemistry vol 1 no 4 pp 327ndash3332005

[69] S Ahmed A Rahman M Mathur M Athar and S Sul-tana ldquoAnti-tumor promoting activity of Asteracantha longifoliaagainst experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in ratsrdquo Food andChemical Toxicology vol 39 no 1 pp 19ndash28 2001

[70] R Bharali J Tabassum andM RH Azad ldquoChemomodulatoryeffect ofMoringa oleifera lam on hepatic carcinogenmetabolis-ing enzymes antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesisin micerdquo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention vol 4 no2 pp 131ndash139 2003

[71] M V S Parvathy and A Umamaheshwari ldquoCytotoxic effect ofMoringa oleifera leaf extracts on human multiple myeloma celllinesrdquo Trends in Medical Research vol 2 no 1 pp 44ndash50 2007

[72] L Berkovich G Earon I Ron A Rimmon A Vexler andS Lev-Ari ldquoMoringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract down-regulates nuclear factor-120581B and increases cytotoxic effect ofchemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo BMCComplementaryand Alternative Medicine vol 13 article 212 2013

[73] I L Jung ldquoSoluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves witha new anticancer activityrdquo PLoS ONE vol 9 no 4 Article IDe95492 2014

[74] L V Costa-Lotufo M T H Khan A Ather et al ldquoStudiesof the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folkmedicinerdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 99 no 1 pp 21ndash30 2005

[75] A Murakami A M Ali K Mat-Salleh K Koshimizu andH Ohigashi ldquoScreening for the in vitro anti-tumor-promotingactivities of edible plants fromMalaysiardquo Bioscience Biotechnol-ogy and Biochemistry vol 64 no 1 pp 9ndash16 2000

[76] I Lajter I Zupko J Molnar et al ldquoAntiproliferative activity ofpolygonaceae species from theCarpathian Basin against humancancer cell linesrdquo Phytotherapy Research vol 27 no 1 pp 77ndash852013

[77] J Ma Y Zi Jiang H Shi et al ldquoCucurbitacin B inhibitsthe translational expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1120572rdquoEuropean Journal of Pharmacology vol 723 no 1 pp 46ndash542014

[78] L Pan Y Yong Y Deng et al ldquoIsolation structure eluci-dation and biological evaluation of 1623-epoxycucurbitacinconstituents from eleaocarpus Chinensisrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 75 no 3 pp 444ndash452 2012

[79] S R Kim H S Seo H-S Choi et al ldquoTrichosanthes kirilowiiethanol extract and cucurbitacin D inhibit cell growth andinduce apoptosis through inhibition of STAT3 activity in breastcancer cellsrdquo Evidence-Based Complementary and AlternativeMedicine vol 2013 Article ID 975350 9 pages 2013

[80] N Takahashi Y Yoshida T Sugiura K Matsuno A Fujinoand U Yamashita ldquoCucurbitacin D isolated from Trichosantheskirilowii induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomacells in vitrordquo International Immunopharmacology vol 9 no 4pp 508ndash513 2009

[81] D R A Mans A B Da Rocha and G Schwartsmann ldquoAnti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil targeted plantcollection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancercompoundsrdquo Oncologist vol 5 no 3 pp 185ndash198 2000

[82] L Pan H-B Chai and A D Kinghorn ldquoDiscovery of newanticancer agents from higher plantsrdquo Frontiers in Biosciencevol 4 no 1 pp 142ndash156 2012

[83] M A Jordan and L Wilson ldquoMicrotubules as a target foranticancer drugsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 4 no 4 pp 253ndash265 2004

[84] D G I Kingston ldquoTubulin-interactive natural products asanticancer agentsrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 72 no 3pp 507ndash515 2009

[85] K R Hande ldquoEtoposide four decades of development of atopoisomerase II inhibitorrdquo European Journal of Cancer vol 34no 10 pp 1514ndash1521 1998

[86] G M Cragg and D J Newman ldquoA tale of two tumor targetstopoisomerase I and tubulin The Wall and Wani contributionto cancer chemotherapyrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67no 2 pp 232ndash244 2004

[87] Y-H Hsiang M G Lihou and L F Liu ldquoArrest of replicationforks by drug-stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable com-plexes as a mechanism of cell killing by camptothecinrdquo CancerResearch vol 49 no 18 pp 5077ndash5082 1989

[88] D C Zhou R Zittoun and J PMarie ldquoHomoharringtonine aneffective new natural product in cancer chemotherapyrdquo Bulletindu Cancer vol 82 no 12 pp 987ndash995 1995

[89] H Itokawa X Wang and K-H Lee ldquoHomoharringtonineand related compoundsrdquo in Anticancer Agents from NaturalProducts M CraggGordon G KingstonDavid and J NewmanDavid Eds pp 47ndash70 CRCTaylor amp Francis Boca Raton FlaUSA 2005

[90] A Quintas-Cardama H Kantarjian and J Cortes ldquoHomohar-ringtonine omacetaxine mepesuccinate and chronic myeloidleukemia circa 2009rdquo Cancer vol 115 no 23 pp 5382ndash53932009

[91] B B Aggarwal C Sundaram N Malani and H IchikawaldquoCurcumin the Indian solid goldrdquo Advances in ExperimentalMedicine and Biology vol 595 pp 1ndash75 2007

[92] G Sa T Das S Banerjee and J Chakraborty ldquoCurcumin fromexotic spice to modern anticancer drugrdquo Al Ameen Journal ofMedical Sciences vol 3 no 1 pp 21ndash37 2010

[93] B B Aggarwal A Bhardwaj R S Aggarwal N P Seeram SShishodia and Y Takada ldquoRole of resveratrol in prevention andtherapy of cancer preclinical and clinical studiesrdquo AnticancerResearch vol 24 no 5 pp 2783ndash2840 2004

[94] M Athar J H Back X Tang et al ldquoResveratrol a review ofpreclinical studies for human cancer preventionrdquo Toxicologyand Applied Pharmacology vol 224 no 3 pp 274ndash283 2007

[95] A Bishayee T Politis and A S Darvesh ldquoResveratrol in thechemoprevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomardquoCancer Treatment Reviews vol 36 no 1 pp 43ndash53 2010

[96] V Krystof and S Uldrijan ldquoCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitorsas anticancer drugsrdquoCurrent Drug Targets vol 11 no 3 pp 291ndash302 2010

[97] A M Senderowicz ldquoFlavopiridol the first cyclin-dependentkinase inhibitor in human clinical trialsrdquo Investigational NewDrugs vol 17 no 3 pp 313ndash320 1999

[98] R Li C Wang T Chen and P Chen ldquoQuantitative proteomicanalysis of cold-responsive proteins inAbelmoschus moschatusrdquoJournal of Animal amp Plant Sciences vol 14 no 3 pp 2006ndash20232012

[99] I Molfetta L Ceccarini M Macchia G Flamini and P LCioni ldquoAbelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench and AbelmoschusmoschatusMedik seeds production and analysis of the volatilecompoundsrdquo Food Chemistry vol 141 no 1 pp 34ndash40 2013

[100] M N Ahmed T Sultana M N K Azam andM RahmatullahldquoA preliminary antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity

International Scholarly Research Notices 11

evaluation of a mangrove speciesAcanthus ilicifolius L leaves inmicerdquo Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines vol 9 no 6 pp143ndash149 2014

[101] R Wostmann and G Liebezeit ldquoChemical composition of themangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae)mdashreview andadditional datardquo Senckenbergiana Maritima vol 38 no 1 pp31ndash37 2008

[102] U Kokpol V Chittawong and D H Miles ldquoChemical con-stituents of the roots of Acanthus illicifoliusrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 49 no 2 pp 355ndash356 1986

[103] K P Tiwara P KMinocha andMMasood ldquoAcanthicifolinemdasha new alkaloid from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Polish Journal ofChemistry vol 54 pp 857ndash858 1980

[104] C-H Huo B Wang W-H Lin and Y-Y Zhao ldquoBenzoxazi-nones from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Biochemical Systematics andEcology vol 33 no 6 pp 643ndash645 2005

[105] A Pakrashi and C Shaha ldquoEffect of methyl ester of aristolicacid from Aristolochia indica Linn on fertility of female micerdquoExperientia vol 34 no 9 pp 1192ndash1193 1978

[106] I Laakso T Seppanen-Laakso R Hiltunen and O EkundayoldquoComposition of the essential oil of Blumea lacera DC (Aster-aceae) leaves from Nigeriardquo Flavour and Fragrance Journal vol4 no 2 pp 73ndash75 1989

[107] S Subashini V Rameshkannan and P Mani ldquoPhytochemicaland GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from borassusflabellifer linn from rootrdquoEuropean Journal ofMolecular Biologyand Biochemistry vol 2 no 3 pp 148ndash152 2015

[108] M Guzman ldquoCannabinoids potential anticancer agentsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 3 no 10 pp 745ndash755 2003

[109] R Pandey R K Verma and M M Gupta ldquoNeo-clerodanediterpenoids from Clerodendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol66 no 6 pp 643ndash648 2005

[110] T Kanchanapoom R Kasai P Chumsri Y Hiraga and KYamasaki ldquoMegastigmane and iridoid glucosides from Clero-dendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol 58 no 2 pp 333ndash3362001

[111] S D Dubey ldquoOverview on Cucurbita maximardquo InternationalJournal of Phytopharmacy vol 2 no 3 pp 68ndash71 2012

[112] K R Dutta S Banerjee andAMitra ldquoMedicinal plants ofWestmidnapore India emphasis on phytochemical containmenthaving role on oral cancerrdquo International Journal of Phytophar-macology vol 3 no 2 pp 198ndash208 2012

[113] A Murakami M Nakashima T Koshiba et al ldquoModifyingeffects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generationfrom stimulated leukocytesrdquo Cancer Letters vol 149 no 1-2 pp115ndash123 2000

[114] S M Sundarapandian and P S Swamy ldquoLitter production andleaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropicalforests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats Indiardquo Forest Ecologyand Management vol 123 no 2-3 pp 231ndash244 1999

[115] D Gandhi and P Mehta ldquoDillenia indica Linn and Dilleniapentagyna Roxb pharmacognostic phytochemical and thera-peutic aspectsrdquo Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science vol3 no 11 pp 134ndash142 2013

[116] H Gao M Kuroyanagi L Wu N Kawahara T Yasuno and YNakamura ldquoAntitumor-promoting constituents fromDioscoreabulbifera L in JB6 mouse epidermal cellsrdquo Biological andPharmaceutical Bulletin vol 25 no 9 pp 1241ndash1243 2002

[117] J J Gao D L Cheng and X P Liu ldquoChemical constituents ofEmilia sonchifolia L DCrdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 18no 2 pp 102ndash127 1993

[118] T K Datta and P S Basu ldquoHuman erythrocyte specific lectinfrom the seeds of Indian coral tree Erythrina variegata Linnvar orientali Linn Merrillrdquo Journal of Biosciences vol 5 no 1pp 25ndash30 1983

[119] L Xiaoli W Naili W M Sau A S C Chen and Y XinshengldquoFour new isoflavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrinavariegatardquo Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 54 no 4pp 570ndash573 2006

[120] A Kumar S Lingadurai A Jain and N R Barman ldquoErythrinavariegata Linn a review on morphology phytochemistry andpharmacological aspectsrdquo Pharmacognosy Reviews vol 4 no8 pp 147ndash152 2010

[121] A Ghani Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with ChemicalConstituents and Uses Asiatic Society of Bangladesh DhakaBangladesh 2003

[122] P Bairaj and S Nagarajan ldquoApigenin 7-O-glucuronide from theflowers of Asteracantha longifolia Neesrdquo Indian Drugs vol 19pp 150ndash152 1982

[123] V V Parashar and H Singh ldquoInvestigation of Astercanthalongifolia Neesrdquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 27 no 4pp 109ndash113 1965

[124] T R Govindachari K Nagarajan and B R Pai ldquoIsolation oflupeol from the root of Asteracantha longifolia neesrdquo IndianJournal of Scientific Research B vol 16 article 72 1957

[125] T N Misra R S Singh H S Pandey B K Singh and R PPandey ldquoConstituents of Asteracantha longifoliardquo Fitoterapiavol 72 no 2 pp 194ndash196 2001

[126] C Quasim and N L Dutta ldquoReported the prescence ofstigmasterol in the root ofAsteracantha longifoliaNeesrdquo Journalof Indian Chemical Society vol 44 article 82 1967

[127] C K Bose ldquoPossible role of Moringa oleifera Lam root inepithelial ovarian cancerrdquo Medscape General Medicine vol 9article 26 2007

[128] A P Guevara C Vargas H Sakurai et al ldquoAn antitumor pro-moter fromMoringa oleifera LamrdquoMutation ResearchGeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis vol 440 no 2 pp181ndash188 1999

[129] Atta-ur-Rahman M Shabbir S Z Sultani A Jabbar and MI Choudhary ldquoCinnamates and coumarins from the leaves ofMurraya paniculatardquo Phytochemistry vol 44 no 4 pp 683ndash685 1997

[130] J K Lin and T S Wu ldquoConstituents of flowers of Murrayapaniculatardquo Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society vol 41 no2 pp 213ndash216 1994

[131] T-S Wu M-J Liou T-T Jong Y-J Chen and J-S LaildquoIndole alkaloids and coumarins from the root bark ofMurrayapaniculata var Omphalocarpardquo Phytochemistry vol 28 no 10pp 2873ndash2874 1989

[132] T-S Wu Y-Y Chan Y-L Leu and S-C Huang ldquoA flavonoidand indole alkaloid from flowers of Murraya paniculatardquoPhytochemistry vol 37 no 1 pp 287ndash288 1994

[133] M Parimala and F G Shoba ldquoPhytochemical analysis andIn vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract ofNymphaea nouchali Burm frdquo Asian Pacific Journal of TropicalBiomedicine vol 3 no 11 pp 887ndash895 2013

[134] S R Kabir M A Zubair M Nurujjaman et al ldquoPurificationand characterization of a Ca2+-dependent novel lectin fromNymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activitiesrdquo Bio-science Reports vol 31 no 6 pp 465ndash475 2011

[135] A K M M Huq J A Jamal and J Stanslas ldquoEthnobotanicalphytochemical pharmacological and toxicological aspects of

12 International Scholarly Research Notices

Persicaria hydropiper (L) delarbrerdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2014 Article ID 78283011 pages 2014

[136] V Vadivel A Patel and H K Biesalski ldquoEffect of traditionalprocessing methods on the antioxidant 120572-amylase and 120572-glucosidase enzyme inhibition properties of Sesbania sesbanMerrill seedsrdquo CyTAmdashJournal of Food vol 10 no 2 pp 128ndash136 2012

[137] N Das P Chandran and S Chakraborty ldquoPotent spermicidaleffect of oleanolic acid 3-beta-d-glucuronide an active principleisolated from the plant Sesbania sesbanMerrillrdquo Contraceptionvol 83 no 2 pp 167ndash175 2011

[138] M Kathiresh P D Suganya andM Saravanakumar ldquoBioactivecompounds in Sesbania sesban flower and its antioxidant andantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Pharmacy Research vol 5 no1 pp 293ndash390 2012

[139] M E Barbercheck and J Wang ldquoEffect of cucurbitacin Don in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus sppsymbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodesrdquo Journal ofInvertebrate Pathology vol 68 no 2 pp 141ndash145 1996

[140] CMi JMaH Shi et al ldquo410158406-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoauroneinhibits the HIF-1120572 pathway through inhibition of AktmTORp70S6K4E-BP1 phosphorylationrdquo Journal of PharmacologicalSciences vol 125 no 2 pp 193ndash201 2014

[141] M Valyova V Hadjimitova S Stoyanov Y Ganeva and ITrayko Petkov ldquoFree radical scavenging activity of extractsfrom Bulgarian Veronica officinalis L and GC-MS analysis ofethanol extractrdquoThe Internet Journal of Aesthetic and AntiagingMedicine vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2008

[142] I Saracoglu F H Oztunca A Nagatsu and U S HarputldquoIridoid content and biological activities of Veronica cuneifoliasubsp cuneifolia and V cymbalariardquo Pharmaceutical Biologyvol 49 no 11 pp 1150ndash1157 2011

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

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Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

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ToxinsJournal of

VaccinesJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AntibioticsInternational Journal of

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StrokeResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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Pharmaceutics

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MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of

Page 6: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

6 International Scholarly Research Notices

Table4Listof

repo

rted

phytochemicalsfrom

Bang

ladeshiantineoplastic

plantsused

byfolkmedicinep

ractition

ers

Seria

lnum

ber

Plantsou

rce

Phytochemicalconstituents

Reference

1Ab

elmoschus

moschatus

Urid

ine(1-[(3R4S5R)-34-dihydroxy-5-

(hydroxymethyl)o

xolan-2-yl]pyrim

idine-

24-dion

e)n

-tridecaneiso

pentyl2-methylbutanoateand

decanal

[9899]

2Ac

anthus

ilicifolius

Flavon

oidsglycosid

essapon

insste

roidsandtann

inslupeol120572

-amyrinolcanolicacid

andursolic

acidssapo

ninand

triterpenoidsapo

nin

steroids(stigmasterolcampeste

rolandsitosterol)

alkaloids(acanthicifo

linea

ndbenzoxazinium)

andph

enolics(acanfolio

sideilicifolio

sideacteosideverbascosid

eandapigenin)

[100ndash104]

3Ar

istolochiaindica

Aris

tolochicacidflavon

oidstanninsglycosid

espheno

landsapo

nins

[38105]

4Blum

ealacera

Thym

oquino

ldim

ethyl120573-caryoph

yllene120572

-hum

uleneandE-120573-fa

rnesene5-hydroxy-36731015840

41015840

-pentametho

xyflavone

53101584041015840

-trihydroxy

flavone

[46106]

5Bo

rassu

sflabellifer

Dam

maranetriterpeno

idresorcino

lph

enolpentano

icacidglycerin

10-un

decenyleste

roctadecano

icacidand

n-hexadecano

icacid

[43107]

6Ca

nnabissativa

Cann

abinoidsΔ

9-TH

CΔ8-TH

C[48108]

7Clerodendrum

inerme

Neocle

rodane

diterpenoids

(inermes

AB

and1415

-dihydro-15120573

-metho

xy-3-epicaryop

tin)megastig

maneg

lycosid

esand

irido

idglycoside

[109110]

8Cu

curbita

maxim

aCa

rboh

ydratesalkaloidsglycosidestanninsflavon

oidsand

sapo

nins

steroidsL-asparaginaseglutamicacidcalcium

andresin

and120573-carotenelycopeneand

lutein

[53111ndash113]

9Dilleniaindica

Dihydroiso

rham

netin

dillenetintannin

betunaldehydebetulin

icacidrhamnetin

dihydroiso

rham

netin

lup

eol

myricetinn

aringenin

quercetin

andkaem

pferolglucosideandstigmasterol

[114115]

10Dioscorea

bulbifera

Kaem

pferol-35-dim

ethylethercaryatin

(L)-catechin

myricetinquercetin-3-O

-galactopyrano

side

myricetin-3-O

-galactopyrano

sidemyricetin-3-O

-glucopyrano

sideanddiosbu

lbin

B[116]

11Em

iliasonchifolia

Beta-sito

sterolstigmasterolpalm

itica

cidandho

neyacid

[117]

12Erythrinavarie

gata

Lectinisoflavonesalkaloidsflavono

idspterocarpanstriterpenesste

roidsalkyltransferulatesproteinslecithin

1011-dioxoerythratidineandcrystagallinA

[65118

ndash120]

13Hygrophila

auric

ulata

Flavon

oids

andpo

lyph

enolsapigenin

7-O-glucuronide

alkaloids(asteracanthine

andasteracanthicine)triterpenes

(lupeol

hydrocarbo

nhentria

contane13

otulinluteolin

and

luteolin-7-O

-rutinoside)alip

hatic

esters(25-oxo-hentria

contyl

acetatemethyl8-nhexyltetracosanoate)andste

rols(stig

masterol)

[121ndash126]

14Moringa

oleifera

Flavon

oidpigm

ents(kaempferolrhamnetin

isoqu

ercitrinand

kaem

pferitrin)glycosidec

ompo

undsglucosin

olatesand

isothiocyanatesbeta-sitosterolglycerol-1-(9-octadecanoate)3-O-(61015840-O

-oleoyl-b

eta-D-glucopyrano

syl)

beta-sito

sterol

andbeta-sito

sterol-3

-O-beta-D-glucopyrano

side

[127128]

15Murraya

paniculata

Cou

marins(7-metho

xy-8-(3-methyl-2

-oxobu

toxy)-2H

-chrom

en-2-oneumbelliferoneand

scop

olin)indo

lealkaloids

(murrayacarin

eand

murrayaculatine)

[129ndash132]

16Ny

mphaeanouchali

Protein

carboh

ydratereducingsugarglycosidespheno

ltann

inflavon

essapon

insteroidalkaloidanthraqu

inon

equ

inon

eandlectin

[133134]

17Persica

riahydropiper

Apigenin-7-O

-glucosid

ecatechinepicatechinhyperinisoqu

ercitrinkaempferolkaempferolrutin

osidequ

ercitrin

persicarinrhamnetin

polygon

icacidpolygod

ialacetal

[135]

18Sesbaniasesban

Oleanolicacidstig

mastane-524(28)-diene-3120573

-O-120573-D

-galactopyrano

sidegalactom

annan

phenolsflavono

idsa

ndanthocyaninsand

sapo

nin

[136ndash138]

19Trich

osantheskirilow

iiCu

curbita

cinB

cucurbita

cinD41015840

6-dihydroxy-4-m

etho

xyiso

aurone

[77139140]

20Veronica

officin

alis

Terpeneseste

rssteroids(ste

rolsandste

renes)p-hydroxyph

enylethylalco

holmaltolandlolio

lide120573-sito

sterol

120572-lino

lenica

ndlin

oleica

cidandirido

idglucoside

[141142]

International Scholarly Research Notices 7

49 Dillenia indica (Elephant Apple) Leaf powder ofDilleniaindica is given in treatment of breast cancer [56] Themethanolic extract ofD indica has been found to have signifi-cant antileukemic activity in human leukemic cell lines U937HL60 and K562 [57] Methanolic extracts of betulinic acidwere prepared from theD indica fruits inducing apoptosis inHT-29 cells via mitochondrial dependent pathway and prov-ing to be a potential therapeutic agent for colon cancer [58]

410 Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato) Petroleum ether frac-tion of the plant showed potential effects against HepAwith microstructure abnormality of HepA cells surface [59]Immune system modulation might be related to antitumoreffects of D bulbifera rhizome as reported in S180 and H22tumor cells bearing mice [60]

411 Emilia sonchifolia (Lilac Tasselflower) The aqueousand methanolic extracts of the leaves of Emilia sonchifoliagradually exhibit antitumor activities [61] The n-hexaneextract of E sonchifolia has anticancer effect and is richin terpenoids [62] and terpenoids were evaluated for theirpotential antineoplastic activity in various human cancer celllines such as gastric pancreatic and colon carcinomas [63]

412 Erythrina variegata (Tigerrsquos Claw) Steroid derived fromthe stem bark and the leaves of Erythrina variegata showedanticancer activity against in vitro breast cancer cell T47D[64] Alkaloids (1011-dioxoerythratidine and crystagallin A)extracted from the leaves and stem bark of E variegataplant strongly stated in vitro anticancer activity against breastcancer T47D cell lines in vitro using the Sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay [65]

413 Hygrophila auriculata (Marsh Barbel) The effect ofH auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma inrats [66] The aqueous seed extract from H auriculatadisplayed selective cancer cell cytotoxicity with an IC50 valueof 022mgmLminus1 against colon cancer cells [67] In vitro studyof H auriculata extracts has reported antitumor and NF120581Binhibition [68] Ahmad et al reported antitumor activityfromplant extract against chemically induced hepatocarcino-genesis in Wister rats [69]

414 Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree) A hydroalcoholicextract ofMoringa oleifera study revealed possible chemopre-ventive potential against chemical carcinogenesis [70]Differ-ent leaf extracts ofM oleifera produced significant cytotoxiceffects on human multiple myeloma cultured cell lines [71]A study [72] showed that leaves extract ofM oleifera can sig-nificantly obstruct the growth of cultured human pancreaticcarcinoma cells by inhibiting the NF-120581B signaling pathwayMost of the anticancer studies ofM oleifera have not focusedon the molecular basis of the tumor-suppressive activity butstrongly suggested that it could potentially be a supremeanticancer candidate specific to cancer cells [73 74]

415 Nymphaea nouchali (Blue Water Lily) The methanolicextract of Nymphaea nouchali roots has showed inhibitoryactivity towards tumor promoter in the Raji cells [75]

416 Persicaria hydropiper (Water Pepper) In vitro antiprolif-erative activity of Polygonum hydropiper (synonymy) extractswas evaluated against cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma skinepidermoid carcinoma and breast epithelial adenocarcinomacells and the results confirmed substantial cell growthinhibitory activity against one or more cell lines [76]

417 Trichosanthes kirilowii (Chinese Cucumber) A triter-penoid compound named cucurbitacin B isolated from Tri-chosanthes kirilowii showed the potent inhibitory activityagainst HIF-1 activation induced by hypoxia in varioushuman cancer cell lines In vivo studies confirmed the inhibi-tory effect of cucurbitacin B on the expression of HIF-1120572proteins leading to a decrease growth of HeLa cells in axenograft tumor model [77] Cucurbitacin D isolated fromthe plant has also been shown to suppress proliferation ofHT-29 human colon cancer cells [78] and the compound could bepotent therapeutic agent for breast cancer by blocking tumorcell proliferation and inducing apoptosis through suppressionof STAT3 activity [79] and it could also induce apoptosis inhuman hepatocellular carcinoma cells [80]

5 Conclusions

Among twenty plant species four of the species used byfolk medicine practitioners have no strong published dataregarding anticancer or cytotoxic activities These 4 speciesareC inermeM paniculata S sesban andV officinalis Fromjust a brief survey of the literature it appears that the rest ofthe sixteen plants used by the Kabirajes in three districts ofBangladesh present considerable potential in the treatmentof cancer Further scientific studies need to be conducted onthese plants towards discovery of lead compounds whichcan lead to formulation of new drugs for the prevention andmanagement ofmalignant neoplastic diseases with giving lessor no side effects

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare they have no competing interests

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank all the medicine practitioners forproviding useful information regarding cancer treatment

References

[1] B Vogelstein and K W Kinzler The Genetic Basis of HumanCancer McGraw-Hill New York NY USA 2nd edition 2002

[2] W Schulz Molecular Biology of Human Cancers An AdvancedStudentrsquos Textbook Springer DordrechtThe Netherlands 2007

[3] B R Zetter ldquoAngiogenesis and tumor metastasisrdquo AnnualReview of Medicine vol 49 pp 407ndash424 1998

8 International Scholarly Research Notices

[4] J Folkman ldquoRole of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metas-tasisrdquo Seminars in Oncology vol 29 no 6 supplement 16 pp15ndash18 2002

[5] A Jemal T Murray E Ward et al ldquoCancer statistics 2005rdquo CACancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no 1 pp 10ndash30 2005

[6] P A Wingo C J Cardinez S H Landis et al ldquoLong-termtrends in cancer mortality in the United States 1930ndash1998rdquoCancer vol 97 no 12 pp 3133ndash3275 2003

[7] Cancer Registry Report 2005ndash2007National Institute of CancerResearch and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh December 2009

[8] A K Uddin Z J Khan J Islam and A M Mahmud ldquoCancercare scenario in Bangladesh SouthAsianrdquo Journal of Cancer vol2 no 2 pp 102ndash104 2013

[9] V Noronha U Tsomo A Jamshed et al ldquoA fresh look atoncology facts on south central Asia and SAARC countriesrdquoSouth Asian Journal of Cancer vol 1 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2012

[10] CMCottonEthnobotany Principle adApplication JohnWileyamp Sons New York NY USA 1996

[11] M N Ahmed and M N K Azam ldquoTraditional knowledgeand formulations of medicinal plants used by the traditionalmedical practitioners of Bangladesh to treat schizophrenia likepsychosisrdquo Schizophrenia Research and Treatment vol 2014Article ID 679210 10 pages 2014

[12] M N K Azam MA Mannan and M N Ahmed ldquoMedicinalplants used by the traditional medical practitioners of Baren-dra and Shamatat (Rajshahi amp Khulna Division) region inBangladesh for treatment of cardiovascular disordersrdquo Journalof Medicinal Plants Studies vol 2 no 2 pp 9ndash14 2014

[13] M N K Azam S Biswas and M N Ahmed ldquoA cross-sectional study of ethnopharmacology in the Noakhali districtof Bangladesh and exploring potential ocular immunostimu-latory activity of the medicinal plants for the treatment of eyeinfectionsrdquo PharmacologyOnline vol 1 no 1 pp 77ndash89 2015

[14] M N Hasan M N K Azam M N Ahmed and A HirashimaldquoA randomized ethnomedicinal survey of snakebite treatmentin southwestern parts of Bangladeshrdquo Journal of Traditional andComplementary Medicine 2015

[15] M F KadirM S Bin Sayeed T Shams andMM KMia ldquoEth-nobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Bangladeshitraditional health practitioners in the management of diabetesmellitusrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 144 no 3 pp 605ndash611 2012

[16] M F Kadir M S Bin Sayeed and M M K Mia ldquoEthnophar-macological survey of medicinal plants used by traditionalhealers in Bangladesh for gastrointestinal disordersrdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 147 no 1 pp 148ndash156 2013

[17] AMollik T Islam A Khatun D Nasrin R Jahan andM Rah-matullah ldquoMedicinal plants used against gastrointestinal tractdisorders by traditional medicinal practitioners of BangladeshrdquoPlanta Medica vol 75 article PD57 2009

[18] MAHMollikM R Faruque KAkterM T IslamM FHos-sain and D Sen ldquoEthnomedicinal survey of medicinal plantsused as remedy for HIVAIDS related infections by the tradi-tional medicinal practitioners of Bangladeshrdquo in Proceedings ofthe 18th International AIDS Conference (AIDS rsquo10) Abstract noMOPE0213 Vienna Austria July 2010

[19] M Rahmatullah R Jahan A K Azad et al ldquoA randomizedsurvey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitionersin six districts of bangladesh to treat rheumatoid arthritisrdquoAdvances in Natural and Applied Sciences vol 4 no 2 pp 124ndash127 2010

[20] M H Rashid R Tanzin K C Ghosh R Jahan M A Khaunand M Rahmatullah ldquoAn ethnoveterinary survey of medicinalplants used to treat cattle diseases in Birishiri area Netrakonadistrict Bangladeshrdquo Advances in Natural and Applied Sciencesvol 4 no 1 pp 10ndash13 2010

[21] P Maundu ldquoMethodology for collecting and sharing indige-nous knowledge a case studyrdquo Indigenous Knowledge andDevelopment Monitor vol 3 pp 3ndash5 1995

[22] M N Alexiades ldquoCollecting ethnobotanical datardquo in SelectingGuidelines for Ethnobotanical Research pp 53ndash94 The NewYork Botanical Garden Press 1996

[23] D M Parkin F Bray J Ferlay and P Pisani ldquoGlobal cancerstatistics 2002rdquo CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no2 pp 74ndash108 2005

[24] M S Butler ldquoThe role of natural product chemistry in drugdiscoveryrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67 no 12 pp 2141ndash2153 2004

[25] HWang T O Khor L Shu et al ldquoPlants vs cancer a review onnatural phytochemicals in preventing and treating cancers andtheir druggabilityrdquo Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistryvol 12 no 10 pp 1281ndash1305 2012

[26] J LHartwellPlantsUsed against Cancer A Survey QuartermanPublications Lawrence Mass USA 1982

[27] R Gerson-Cwillich A Serrano-Olvera and A Villalobos-Prieto ldquoComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) inMexican patients with cancerrdquoClinical and Translational Oncol-ogy vol 8 no 3 pp 200ndash207 2006

[28] H Raina G Soni N Jauhari N Sharma and N BharadvajaldquoPhytochemical importance of medicinal plants as potentialsources of anticancer agentsrdquo Turkish Journal of Botany vol 38pp 1027ndash1035 2014

[29] J G Graham M L Quinn D S Fabricant and N RFarnsworth ldquoPlants used against cancermdashan extension of thework of Jonathan Hartwellrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol73 no 3 pp 347ndash377 2000

[30] S Mohammad ldquoAnti-cancer agents from medicinal plantsrdquoBangladesh journal of Pharmacology vol 1 no 2 pp 35ndash412006

[31] S Kundusen A Bala B Kar et al ldquoAntitumor potential ofCitrus limetta fruit peel in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearingSwiss albinomicerdquoAlternativeMedicine Studies vol 2 no 1 pp48ndash51 2012

[32] E K Spiridon and G B Maria Plants That Fight Cancer CRCPress 2004

[33] M Z Gul L M Bhakshu F Ahmad A K Kondapi I AQureshi and I A Ghazi ldquoEvaluation of Abelmoschus moscha-tus extracts for antioxidant free radical scavenging antimicro-bial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assaysrdquo BMCComplementary and Alternative Medicine vol 11 article 642011

[34] B H Babu B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoTumour reducingand anticarcinogenic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius in micerdquoJournal of Ethnopharmacology vol 79 no 1 pp 27ndash33 2002

[35] T Chakraborty D Bhuniya M Chatterjee et al ldquoAcanthusilicifolius plant extract prevents DNA alterations in a trans-plantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing murine modelrdquoWorld Journal of Gastroenterology vol 13 no 48 pp 6538ndash65482007

[36] P V Khajure and J L Rathod ldquoPotential anticancer activityof Acanthus ilicifolius extracted from the Mangroves Forestof Karwar West Cost of Indiardquo World Journal of Science andTechnology vol 1 pp 1ndash6 2011

International Scholarly Research Notices 9

[37] M Firdaus A A Prihanto and R Nurdiani ldquoAntioxidant andcytotoxic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius flowerrdquo Asian PacificJournal of Tropical Biomedicine vol 3 no 1 pp 17ndash21 2013

[38] V Subramaniyan R Saravanan D Baskaran and SRamalalingam ldquoIn vitro free radical scavenging and anticancerpotential of Aristolochia indica L against MCF-7 cell linerdquoInternational Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesvol 7 no 6 pp 392ndash396 2015

[39] A Y K M Rana and J A Khanam ldquoAristolochia indica wholeplant extract as an Antineoplastic agentrdquo Journal of MedicalSciences vol 2 no 4 pp 2002ndash2205 2002

[40] H Nagasawa G Wu and H Inatomi ldquoEffects of aristolosidea component of guan-mu-tong (Caulis aristolochiae man-shuriensis) on normal and preneoplastic mammary glandgrowth in micerdquo Anticancer Research vol 17 no 1 pp 237ndash2401997

[41] P Garodia H Ichikawa N Malani G Sethi and B B Aggar-wal ldquoFrom ancient medicine to modern medicine ayurvedicconcepts of health and their role in inflammation and cancerrdquoJournal of the Society for Integrative Oncology vol 5 no 1 pp25ndash37 2007

[42] B Achari S Crakrabarty and S C Pakrashi ldquoAn N-glycosideand steroids from Aristolochia indicardquo Phytochemistry vol 20no 6 pp 1444ndash1445 1981

[43] N S Yarla R Azad M Basha et al ldquo5-lipoxygenase andcyclooxygenase inhibitory dammarane triterpenoid 1 fromborassus flabellifer seed coat inhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572secretion in LPSInduced THP-1 humanmonocytes and inducesapoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo Anti-CancerAgents inMedicinal Chemistry vol 15 no 8 pp 1066ndash1077 2015

[44] G R Duddukuri Y N Sastry D S VG K Kaladhar P ABabu K K Rao andKK Chaitanya ldquoPreliminary studies on invitro anti-tumor activity of tender seed coat extract of Borassusflabellifer L on hela cell linerdquo International Journal of CurrentResearch vol 3 no 7 pp 75ndash77 2011

[45] L-C Chiang H-Y Cheng C-C Chen and C-C Lin ldquoInvitro anti-leukemic and antiviral activities of traditionally usedmedicinal plants in Taiwanrdquo The American Journal of ChineseMedicine vol 32 no 5 pp 695ndash704 2004

[46] P Tiwari G Aluja A S Pandey and N Sharma ldquoIsolation andbiological evaluation of some phytoconstituents from Blumealacera (Burn F) DCrdquo International Journal of Pharmacy ampPharmaceutical Sciences vol 4 supplement 4 pp 148ndash150 2012

[47] PMassiM Solinas V Cinquina andD Parolaro ldquoCannabidiolas potential anticancer drugrdquoBritish Journal of Clinical Pharma-cology vol 75 no 2 pp 303ndash312 2013

[48] A EMunson L S HarrisM A FriedmanW L Dewey and RA Carchman ldquoAntineoplastic activity of cannabinoidsrdquo Journalof the National Cancer Institute vol 55 no 3 pp 597ndash602 1975

[49] N Freimuth R Ramer and B Hinz ldquoAntitumorigenic effects ofcannabinoids beyond apoptosisrdquo Journal of Pharmacology andExperimental Therapeutics vol 332 no 2 pp 336ndash344 2010

[50] G Velasco C Sanchez and M Guzman ldquoTowards the use ofcannabinoids as antitumour agentsrdquo Nature Reviews Cancervol 12 no 6 pp 436ndash444 2012

[51] G Velasco S Hernandez-Tiedra D Davila and M LorenteldquoThe use of cannabinoids as anticancer agentsrdquo Progress inNeuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry vol 64pp 259ndash266 2016

[52] P Saha U K Mazumder P K Haldar et al ldquoAnticanceractivity of methanol extract of Cucurbita maxima against

Ehrlich as-cites carcinomardquo International Journal of Research inPharmaceutical Sciences vol 2 no 1 pp 52ndash59 2011

[53] A Shrivastava A A Khan S K Jain et al ldquoBiotechnologicaladvancement in isolation of anti-neoplastic compounds fromnatural origin a novel source of L-asparaginaserdquo Acta Biomed-ica vol 81 no 2 pp 104ndash108 2010

[54] L A Clavell R D Gelber H J Cohen et al ldquoFour agentinduction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment ofchildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiardquo The New EnglandJournal of Medicine vol 315 no 11 pp 657ndash663 1986

[55] M D Story D W Voehringer L C Stephens and R E MeynldquoL-asparaginase kills lymphoma cells by apoptosisrdquo CancerChemotherapy and Pharmacology vol 32 no 2 pp 129ndash1331993

[56] M Anisuzzaman A H M M Rahman M Harun-Or-RashidA TMNaderuzzaman andAKMR Islam ldquoAn ethnobotan-ical study of madhupur Tangailrdquo Journal of Applied PolymerScience vol 3 no 7 pp 519ndash530 2007

[57] D Kumar S Mallick J R Vedasiromoni and B C PalldquoAnti-leukemic activity of Dillenia indica L fruit extract andquantification of betulinic acid by HPLCrdquo Phytomedicine vol17 no 6 pp 431ndash435 2010

[58] D Dutta A Sarkar B Chakraborty C Chowdhury and P DasldquoInduction of apoptosis by a potent Betulinic acid derivative inHuman colon carcinoma HT-29 cellsrdquo International Journal ofScientific and Research Publications vol 5 no 2 pp 1ndash7 2015

[59] Z-L Yu X-R Liu M McCulloch and J Gao ldquoAnticancereffects of various fractions extracted from Dioscorea bulbiferaon mice bearing HepArdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 29no 6 pp 563ndash567 2004

[60] J-M Wang L-L Ji C J Banford-White et al ldquoAntitumoractivity of Dioscorea bulbifera L rhizome in vivordquo Fitoterapiavol 83 no 2 pp 388ndash394 2012

[61] B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoIn vitro cytotoxic and antitumorproperty of Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC in micerdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 73 no 3 pp 495ndash500 2000

[62] B S Shylesh S AjikumaranNair andA Subramoniam ldquoInduc-tion of cell-specific apoptosis and protection from Daltonrsquoslymphoma challenge in mice by an active fraction from Emiliasonchifoliardquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 37 no 4 pp232ndash237 2005

[63] H Lage N Duarte C Coburger A Hilgeroth and M J UFerreira ldquoAntitumor activity of terpenoids against classical andatypical multidrug resistant cancer cellsrdquo Phytomedicine vol 17no 6 pp 441ndash448 2010

[64] T Herlina Nasrudin U Supratman A Subamas A Sutardjoand H Hayashi ldquoAn isoflavonoid warangalone from the stembark of dadap ayam (Erythrina variegata)rdquo Journal of BasicSciences vol 9 no 1 pp 45ndash47 2008

[65] H Tati K Nurlelasari Dikdik S Unang and U Zalinar ldquoInvitro anticancer and antimalarial Erystagallin-a from Erythrinavariegata (L) stem barkrdquoMedicinal Plants vol 3 no 1 pp 9ndash132011

[66] M P Balasubramaniam and S Premkumari ldquoEffects ofHygrophila auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymesinN-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular Carcinoma inratsrdquo Journal of Herbal Medicine vol 1 pp 85ndash90 2012

[67] S J Uddin I D Grice and E Tiralongo ldquoCytotoxic effects ofBangladeshi medicinal plant extractsrdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2011 Article ID 5780927 pages 2011

10 International Scholarly Research Notices

[68] I LamprontiM T Khan N Bianchi et al ldquoBangladeshimedic-inal plant extracts inhibiting molecular interactions betweennuclear factors and target DNA sequences mimicking NF-120581Bbinding sitesrdquo Medicinal chemistry vol 1 no 4 pp 327ndash3332005

[69] S Ahmed A Rahman M Mathur M Athar and S Sul-tana ldquoAnti-tumor promoting activity of Asteracantha longifoliaagainst experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in ratsrdquo Food andChemical Toxicology vol 39 no 1 pp 19ndash28 2001

[70] R Bharali J Tabassum andM RH Azad ldquoChemomodulatoryeffect ofMoringa oleifera lam on hepatic carcinogenmetabolis-ing enzymes antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesisin micerdquo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention vol 4 no2 pp 131ndash139 2003

[71] M V S Parvathy and A Umamaheshwari ldquoCytotoxic effect ofMoringa oleifera leaf extracts on human multiple myeloma celllinesrdquo Trends in Medical Research vol 2 no 1 pp 44ndash50 2007

[72] L Berkovich G Earon I Ron A Rimmon A Vexler andS Lev-Ari ldquoMoringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract down-regulates nuclear factor-120581B and increases cytotoxic effect ofchemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo BMCComplementaryand Alternative Medicine vol 13 article 212 2013

[73] I L Jung ldquoSoluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves witha new anticancer activityrdquo PLoS ONE vol 9 no 4 Article IDe95492 2014

[74] L V Costa-Lotufo M T H Khan A Ather et al ldquoStudiesof the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folkmedicinerdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 99 no 1 pp 21ndash30 2005

[75] A Murakami A M Ali K Mat-Salleh K Koshimizu andH Ohigashi ldquoScreening for the in vitro anti-tumor-promotingactivities of edible plants fromMalaysiardquo Bioscience Biotechnol-ogy and Biochemistry vol 64 no 1 pp 9ndash16 2000

[76] I Lajter I Zupko J Molnar et al ldquoAntiproliferative activity ofpolygonaceae species from theCarpathian Basin against humancancer cell linesrdquo Phytotherapy Research vol 27 no 1 pp 77ndash852013

[77] J Ma Y Zi Jiang H Shi et al ldquoCucurbitacin B inhibitsthe translational expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1120572rdquoEuropean Journal of Pharmacology vol 723 no 1 pp 46ndash542014

[78] L Pan Y Yong Y Deng et al ldquoIsolation structure eluci-dation and biological evaluation of 1623-epoxycucurbitacinconstituents from eleaocarpus Chinensisrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 75 no 3 pp 444ndash452 2012

[79] S R Kim H S Seo H-S Choi et al ldquoTrichosanthes kirilowiiethanol extract and cucurbitacin D inhibit cell growth andinduce apoptosis through inhibition of STAT3 activity in breastcancer cellsrdquo Evidence-Based Complementary and AlternativeMedicine vol 2013 Article ID 975350 9 pages 2013

[80] N Takahashi Y Yoshida T Sugiura K Matsuno A Fujinoand U Yamashita ldquoCucurbitacin D isolated from Trichosantheskirilowii induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomacells in vitrordquo International Immunopharmacology vol 9 no 4pp 508ndash513 2009

[81] D R A Mans A B Da Rocha and G Schwartsmann ldquoAnti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil targeted plantcollection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancercompoundsrdquo Oncologist vol 5 no 3 pp 185ndash198 2000

[82] L Pan H-B Chai and A D Kinghorn ldquoDiscovery of newanticancer agents from higher plantsrdquo Frontiers in Biosciencevol 4 no 1 pp 142ndash156 2012

[83] M A Jordan and L Wilson ldquoMicrotubules as a target foranticancer drugsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 4 no 4 pp 253ndash265 2004

[84] D G I Kingston ldquoTubulin-interactive natural products asanticancer agentsrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 72 no 3pp 507ndash515 2009

[85] K R Hande ldquoEtoposide four decades of development of atopoisomerase II inhibitorrdquo European Journal of Cancer vol 34no 10 pp 1514ndash1521 1998

[86] G M Cragg and D J Newman ldquoA tale of two tumor targetstopoisomerase I and tubulin The Wall and Wani contributionto cancer chemotherapyrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67no 2 pp 232ndash244 2004

[87] Y-H Hsiang M G Lihou and L F Liu ldquoArrest of replicationforks by drug-stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable com-plexes as a mechanism of cell killing by camptothecinrdquo CancerResearch vol 49 no 18 pp 5077ndash5082 1989

[88] D C Zhou R Zittoun and J PMarie ldquoHomoharringtonine aneffective new natural product in cancer chemotherapyrdquo Bulletindu Cancer vol 82 no 12 pp 987ndash995 1995

[89] H Itokawa X Wang and K-H Lee ldquoHomoharringtonineand related compoundsrdquo in Anticancer Agents from NaturalProducts M CraggGordon G KingstonDavid and J NewmanDavid Eds pp 47ndash70 CRCTaylor amp Francis Boca Raton FlaUSA 2005

[90] A Quintas-Cardama H Kantarjian and J Cortes ldquoHomohar-ringtonine omacetaxine mepesuccinate and chronic myeloidleukemia circa 2009rdquo Cancer vol 115 no 23 pp 5382ndash53932009

[91] B B Aggarwal C Sundaram N Malani and H IchikawaldquoCurcumin the Indian solid goldrdquo Advances in ExperimentalMedicine and Biology vol 595 pp 1ndash75 2007

[92] G Sa T Das S Banerjee and J Chakraborty ldquoCurcumin fromexotic spice to modern anticancer drugrdquo Al Ameen Journal ofMedical Sciences vol 3 no 1 pp 21ndash37 2010

[93] B B Aggarwal A Bhardwaj R S Aggarwal N P Seeram SShishodia and Y Takada ldquoRole of resveratrol in prevention andtherapy of cancer preclinical and clinical studiesrdquo AnticancerResearch vol 24 no 5 pp 2783ndash2840 2004

[94] M Athar J H Back X Tang et al ldquoResveratrol a review ofpreclinical studies for human cancer preventionrdquo Toxicologyand Applied Pharmacology vol 224 no 3 pp 274ndash283 2007

[95] A Bishayee T Politis and A S Darvesh ldquoResveratrol in thechemoprevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomardquoCancer Treatment Reviews vol 36 no 1 pp 43ndash53 2010

[96] V Krystof and S Uldrijan ldquoCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitorsas anticancer drugsrdquoCurrent Drug Targets vol 11 no 3 pp 291ndash302 2010

[97] A M Senderowicz ldquoFlavopiridol the first cyclin-dependentkinase inhibitor in human clinical trialsrdquo Investigational NewDrugs vol 17 no 3 pp 313ndash320 1999

[98] R Li C Wang T Chen and P Chen ldquoQuantitative proteomicanalysis of cold-responsive proteins inAbelmoschus moschatusrdquoJournal of Animal amp Plant Sciences vol 14 no 3 pp 2006ndash20232012

[99] I Molfetta L Ceccarini M Macchia G Flamini and P LCioni ldquoAbelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench and AbelmoschusmoschatusMedik seeds production and analysis of the volatilecompoundsrdquo Food Chemistry vol 141 no 1 pp 34ndash40 2013

[100] M N Ahmed T Sultana M N K Azam andM RahmatullahldquoA preliminary antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity

International Scholarly Research Notices 11

evaluation of a mangrove speciesAcanthus ilicifolius L leaves inmicerdquo Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines vol 9 no 6 pp143ndash149 2014

[101] R Wostmann and G Liebezeit ldquoChemical composition of themangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae)mdashreview andadditional datardquo Senckenbergiana Maritima vol 38 no 1 pp31ndash37 2008

[102] U Kokpol V Chittawong and D H Miles ldquoChemical con-stituents of the roots of Acanthus illicifoliusrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 49 no 2 pp 355ndash356 1986

[103] K P Tiwara P KMinocha andMMasood ldquoAcanthicifolinemdasha new alkaloid from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Polish Journal ofChemistry vol 54 pp 857ndash858 1980

[104] C-H Huo B Wang W-H Lin and Y-Y Zhao ldquoBenzoxazi-nones from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Biochemical Systematics andEcology vol 33 no 6 pp 643ndash645 2005

[105] A Pakrashi and C Shaha ldquoEffect of methyl ester of aristolicacid from Aristolochia indica Linn on fertility of female micerdquoExperientia vol 34 no 9 pp 1192ndash1193 1978

[106] I Laakso T Seppanen-Laakso R Hiltunen and O EkundayoldquoComposition of the essential oil of Blumea lacera DC (Aster-aceae) leaves from Nigeriardquo Flavour and Fragrance Journal vol4 no 2 pp 73ndash75 1989

[107] S Subashini V Rameshkannan and P Mani ldquoPhytochemicaland GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from borassusflabellifer linn from rootrdquoEuropean Journal ofMolecular Biologyand Biochemistry vol 2 no 3 pp 148ndash152 2015

[108] M Guzman ldquoCannabinoids potential anticancer agentsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 3 no 10 pp 745ndash755 2003

[109] R Pandey R K Verma and M M Gupta ldquoNeo-clerodanediterpenoids from Clerodendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol66 no 6 pp 643ndash648 2005

[110] T Kanchanapoom R Kasai P Chumsri Y Hiraga and KYamasaki ldquoMegastigmane and iridoid glucosides from Clero-dendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol 58 no 2 pp 333ndash3362001

[111] S D Dubey ldquoOverview on Cucurbita maximardquo InternationalJournal of Phytopharmacy vol 2 no 3 pp 68ndash71 2012

[112] K R Dutta S Banerjee andAMitra ldquoMedicinal plants ofWestmidnapore India emphasis on phytochemical containmenthaving role on oral cancerrdquo International Journal of Phytophar-macology vol 3 no 2 pp 198ndash208 2012

[113] A Murakami M Nakashima T Koshiba et al ldquoModifyingeffects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generationfrom stimulated leukocytesrdquo Cancer Letters vol 149 no 1-2 pp115ndash123 2000

[114] S M Sundarapandian and P S Swamy ldquoLitter production andleaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropicalforests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats Indiardquo Forest Ecologyand Management vol 123 no 2-3 pp 231ndash244 1999

[115] D Gandhi and P Mehta ldquoDillenia indica Linn and Dilleniapentagyna Roxb pharmacognostic phytochemical and thera-peutic aspectsrdquo Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science vol3 no 11 pp 134ndash142 2013

[116] H Gao M Kuroyanagi L Wu N Kawahara T Yasuno and YNakamura ldquoAntitumor-promoting constituents fromDioscoreabulbifera L in JB6 mouse epidermal cellsrdquo Biological andPharmaceutical Bulletin vol 25 no 9 pp 1241ndash1243 2002

[117] J J Gao D L Cheng and X P Liu ldquoChemical constituents ofEmilia sonchifolia L DCrdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 18no 2 pp 102ndash127 1993

[118] T K Datta and P S Basu ldquoHuman erythrocyte specific lectinfrom the seeds of Indian coral tree Erythrina variegata Linnvar orientali Linn Merrillrdquo Journal of Biosciences vol 5 no 1pp 25ndash30 1983

[119] L Xiaoli W Naili W M Sau A S C Chen and Y XinshengldquoFour new isoflavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrinavariegatardquo Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 54 no 4pp 570ndash573 2006

[120] A Kumar S Lingadurai A Jain and N R Barman ldquoErythrinavariegata Linn a review on morphology phytochemistry andpharmacological aspectsrdquo Pharmacognosy Reviews vol 4 no8 pp 147ndash152 2010

[121] A Ghani Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with ChemicalConstituents and Uses Asiatic Society of Bangladesh DhakaBangladesh 2003

[122] P Bairaj and S Nagarajan ldquoApigenin 7-O-glucuronide from theflowers of Asteracantha longifolia Neesrdquo Indian Drugs vol 19pp 150ndash152 1982

[123] V V Parashar and H Singh ldquoInvestigation of Astercanthalongifolia Neesrdquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 27 no 4pp 109ndash113 1965

[124] T R Govindachari K Nagarajan and B R Pai ldquoIsolation oflupeol from the root of Asteracantha longifolia neesrdquo IndianJournal of Scientific Research B vol 16 article 72 1957

[125] T N Misra R S Singh H S Pandey B K Singh and R PPandey ldquoConstituents of Asteracantha longifoliardquo Fitoterapiavol 72 no 2 pp 194ndash196 2001

[126] C Quasim and N L Dutta ldquoReported the prescence ofstigmasterol in the root ofAsteracantha longifoliaNeesrdquo Journalof Indian Chemical Society vol 44 article 82 1967

[127] C K Bose ldquoPossible role of Moringa oleifera Lam root inepithelial ovarian cancerrdquo Medscape General Medicine vol 9article 26 2007

[128] A P Guevara C Vargas H Sakurai et al ldquoAn antitumor pro-moter fromMoringa oleifera LamrdquoMutation ResearchGeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis vol 440 no 2 pp181ndash188 1999

[129] Atta-ur-Rahman M Shabbir S Z Sultani A Jabbar and MI Choudhary ldquoCinnamates and coumarins from the leaves ofMurraya paniculatardquo Phytochemistry vol 44 no 4 pp 683ndash685 1997

[130] J K Lin and T S Wu ldquoConstituents of flowers of Murrayapaniculatardquo Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society vol 41 no2 pp 213ndash216 1994

[131] T-S Wu M-J Liou T-T Jong Y-J Chen and J-S LaildquoIndole alkaloids and coumarins from the root bark ofMurrayapaniculata var Omphalocarpardquo Phytochemistry vol 28 no 10pp 2873ndash2874 1989

[132] T-S Wu Y-Y Chan Y-L Leu and S-C Huang ldquoA flavonoidand indole alkaloid from flowers of Murraya paniculatardquoPhytochemistry vol 37 no 1 pp 287ndash288 1994

[133] M Parimala and F G Shoba ldquoPhytochemical analysis andIn vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract ofNymphaea nouchali Burm frdquo Asian Pacific Journal of TropicalBiomedicine vol 3 no 11 pp 887ndash895 2013

[134] S R Kabir M A Zubair M Nurujjaman et al ldquoPurificationand characterization of a Ca2+-dependent novel lectin fromNymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activitiesrdquo Bio-science Reports vol 31 no 6 pp 465ndash475 2011

[135] A K M M Huq J A Jamal and J Stanslas ldquoEthnobotanicalphytochemical pharmacological and toxicological aspects of

12 International Scholarly Research Notices

Persicaria hydropiper (L) delarbrerdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2014 Article ID 78283011 pages 2014

[136] V Vadivel A Patel and H K Biesalski ldquoEffect of traditionalprocessing methods on the antioxidant 120572-amylase and 120572-glucosidase enzyme inhibition properties of Sesbania sesbanMerrill seedsrdquo CyTAmdashJournal of Food vol 10 no 2 pp 128ndash136 2012

[137] N Das P Chandran and S Chakraborty ldquoPotent spermicidaleffect of oleanolic acid 3-beta-d-glucuronide an active principleisolated from the plant Sesbania sesbanMerrillrdquo Contraceptionvol 83 no 2 pp 167ndash175 2011

[138] M Kathiresh P D Suganya andM Saravanakumar ldquoBioactivecompounds in Sesbania sesban flower and its antioxidant andantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Pharmacy Research vol 5 no1 pp 293ndash390 2012

[139] M E Barbercheck and J Wang ldquoEffect of cucurbitacin Don in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus sppsymbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodesrdquo Journal ofInvertebrate Pathology vol 68 no 2 pp 141ndash145 1996

[140] CMi JMaH Shi et al ldquo410158406-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoauroneinhibits the HIF-1120572 pathway through inhibition of AktmTORp70S6K4E-BP1 phosphorylationrdquo Journal of PharmacologicalSciences vol 125 no 2 pp 193ndash201 2014

[141] M Valyova V Hadjimitova S Stoyanov Y Ganeva and ITrayko Petkov ldquoFree radical scavenging activity of extractsfrom Bulgarian Veronica officinalis L and GC-MS analysis ofethanol extractrdquoThe Internet Journal of Aesthetic and AntiagingMedicine vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2008

[142] I Saracoglu F H Oztunca A Nagatsu and U S HarputldquoIridoid content and biological activities of Veronica cuneifoliasubsp cuneifolia and V cymbalariardquo Pharmaceutical Biologyvol 49 no 11 pp 1150ndash1157 2011

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

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Volume 2014

ToxinsJournal of

VaccinesJournal of

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Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

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MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of

Page 7: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

International Scholarly Research Notices 7

49 Dillenia indica (Elephant Apple) Leaf powder ofDilleniaindica is given in treatment of breast cancer [56] Themethanolic extract ofD indica has been found to have signifi-cant antileukemic activity in human leukemic cell lines U937HL60 and K562 [57] Methanolic extracts of betulinic acidwere prepared from theD indica fruits inducing apoptosis inHT-29 cells via mitochondrial dependent pathway and prov-ing to be a potential therapeutic agent for colon cancer [58]

410 Dioscorea bulbifera (Air Potato) Petroleum ether frac-tion of the plant showed potential effects against HepAwith microstructure abnormality of HepA cells surface [59]Immune system modulation might be related to antitumoreffects of D bulbifera rhizome as reported in S180 and H22tumor cells bearing mice [60]

411 Emilia sonchifolia (Lilac Tasselflower) The aqueousand methanolic extracts of the leaves of Emilia sonchifoliagradually exhibit antitumor activities [61] The n-hexaneextract of E sonchifolia has anticancer effect and is richin terpenoids [62] and terpenoids were evaluated for theirpotential antineoplastic activity in various human cancer celllines such as gastric pancreatic and colon carcinomas [63]

412 Erythrina variegata (Tigerrsquos Claw) Steroid derived fromthe stem bark and the leaves of Erythrina variegata showedanticancer activity against in vitro breast cancer cell T47D[64] Alkaloids (1011-dioxoerythratidine and crystagallin A)extracted from the leaves and stem bark of E variegataplant strongly stated in vitro anticancer activity against breastcancer T47D cell lines in vitro using the Sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay [65]

413 Hygrophila auriculata (Marsh Barbel) The effect ofH auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma inrats [66] The aqueous seed extract from H auriculatadisplayed selective cancer cell cytotoxicity with an IC50 valueof 022mgmLminus1 against colon cancer cells [67] In vitro studyof H auriculata extracts has reported antitumor and NF120581Binhibition [68] Ahmad et al reported antitumor activityfromplant extract against chemically induced hepatocarcino-genesis in Wister rats [69]

414 Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree) A hydroalcoholicextract ofMoringa oleifera study revealed possible chemopre-ventive potential against chemical carcinogenesis [70]Differ-ent leaf extracts ofM oleifera produced significant cytotoxiceffects on human multiple myeloma cultured cell lines [71]A study [72] showed that leaves extract ofM oleifera can sig-nificantly obstruct the growth of cultured human pancreaticcarcinoma cells by inhibiting the NF-120581B signaling pathwayMost of the anticancer studies ofM oleifera have not focusedon the molecular basis of the tumor-suppressive activity butstrongly suggested that it could potentially be a supremeanticancer candidate specific to cancer cells [73 74]

415 Nymphaea nouchali (Blue Water Lily) The methanolicextract of Nymphaea nouchali roots has showed inhibitoryactivity towards tumor promoter in the Raji cells [75]

416 Persicaria hydropiper (Water Pepper) In vitro antiprolif-erative activity of Polygonum hydropiper (synonymy) extractswas evaluated against cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma skinepidermoid carcinoma and breast epithelial adenocarcinomacells and the results confirmed substantial cell growthinhibitory activity against one or more cell lines [76]

417 Trichosanthes kirilowii (Chinese Cucumber) A triter-penoid compound named cucurbitacin B isolated from Tri-chosanthes kirilowii showed the potent inhibitory activityagainst HIF-1 activation induced by hypoxia in varioushuman cancer cell lines In vivo studies confirmed the inhibi-tory effect of cucurbitacin B on the expression of HIF-1120572proteins leading to a decrease growth of HeLa cells in axenograft tumor model [77] Cucurbitacin D isolated fromthe plant has also been shown to suppress proliferation ofHT-29 human colon cancer cells [78] and the compound could bepotent therapeutic agent for breast cancer by blocking tumorcell proliferation and inducing apoptosis through suppressionof STAT3 activity [79] and it could also induce apoptosis inhuman hepatocellular carcinoma cells [80]

5 Conclusions

Among twenty plant species four of the species used byfolk medicine practitioners have no strong published dataregarding anticancer or cytotoxic activities These 4 speciesareC inermeM paniculata S sesban andV officinalis Fromjust a brief survey of the literature it appears that the rest ofthe sixteen plants used by the Kabirajes in three districts ofBangladesh present considerable potential in the treatmentof cancer Further scientific studies need to be conducted onthese plants towards discovery of lead compounds whichcan lead to formulation of new drugs for the prevention andmanagement ofmalignant neoplastic diseases with giving lessor no side effects

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare they have no competing interests

Acknowledgment

The authors wish to thank all the medicine practitioners forproviding useful information regarding cancer treatment

References

[1] B Vogelstein and K W Kinzler The Genetic Basis of HumanCancer McGraw-Hill New York NY USA 2nd edition 2002

[2] W Schulz Molecular Biology of Human Cancers An AdvancedStudentrsquos Textbook Springer DordrechtThe Netherlands 2007

[3] B R Zetter ldquoAngiogenesis and tumor metastasisrdquo AnnualReview of Medicine vol 49 pp 407ndash424 1998

8 International Scholarly Research Notices

[4] J Folkman ldquoRole of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metas-tasisrdquo Seminars in Oncology vol 29 no 6 supplement 16 pp15ndash18 2002

[5] A Jemal T Murray E Ward et al ldquoCancer statistics 2005rdquo CACancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no 1 pp 10ndash30 2005

[6] P A Wingo C J Cardinez S H Landis et al ldquoLong-termtrends in cancer mortality in the United States 1930ndash1998rdquoCancer vol 97 no 12 pp 3133ndash3275 2003

[7] Cancer Registry Report 2005ndash2007National Institute of CancerResearch and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh December 2009

[8] A K Uddin Z J Khan J Islam and A M Mahmud ldquoCancercare scenario in Bangladesh SouthAsianrdquo Journal of Cancer vol2 no 2 pp 102ndash104 2013

[9] V Noronha U Tsomo A Jamshed et al ldquoA fresh look atoncology facts on south central Asia and SAARC countriesrdquoSouth Asian Journal of Cancer vol 1 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2012

[10] CMCottonEthnobotany Principle adApplication JohnWileyamp Sons New York NY USA 1996

[11] M N Ahmed and M N K Azam ldquoTraditional knowledgeand formulations of medicinal plants used by the traditionalmedical practitioners of Bangladesh to treat schizophrenia likepsychosisrdquo Schizophrenia Research and Treatment vol 2014Article ID 679210 10 pages 2014

[12] M N K Azam MA Mannan and M N Ahmed ldquoMedicinalplants used by the traditional medical practitioners of Baren-dra and Shamatat (Rajshahi amp Khulna Division) region inBangladesh for treatment of cardiovascular disordersrdquo Journalof Medicinal Plants Studies vol 2 no 2 pp 9ndash14 2014

[13] M N K Azam S Biswas and M N Ahmed ldquoA cross-sectional study of ethnopharmacology in the Noakhali districtof Bangladesh and exploring potential ocular immunostimu-latory activity of the medicinal plants for the treatment of eyeinfectionsrdquo PharmacologyOnline vol 1 no 1 pp 77ndash89 2015

[14] M N Hasan M N K Azam M N Ahmed and A HirashimaldquoA randomized ethnomedicinal survey of snakebite treatmentin southwestern parts of Bangladeshrdquo Journal of Traditional andComplementary Medicine 2015

[15] M F KadirM S Bin Sayeed T Shams andMM KMia ldquoEth-nobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Bangladeshitraditional health practitioners in the management of diabetesmellitusrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 144 no 3 pp 605ndash611 2012

[16] M F Kadir M S Bin Sayeed and M M K Mia ldquoEthnophar-macological survey of medicinal plants used by traditionalhealers in Bangladesh for gastrointestinal disordersrdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 147 no 1 pp 148ndash156 2013

[17] AMollik T Islam A Khatun D Nasrin R Jahan andM Rah-matullah ldquoMedicinal plants used against gastrointestinal tractdisorders by traditional medicinal practitioners of BangladeshrdquoPlanta Medica vol 75 article PD57 2009

[18] MAHMollikM R Faruque KAkterM T IslamM FHos-sain and D Sen ldquoEthnomedicinal survey of medicinal plantsused as remedy for HIVAIDS related infections by the tradi-tional medicinal practitioners of Bangladeshrdquo in Proceedings ofthe 18th International AIDS Conference (AIDS rsquo10) Abstract noMOPE0213 Vienna Austria July 2010

[19] M Rahmatullah R Jahan A K Azad et al ldquoA randomizedsurvey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitionersin six districts of bangladesh to treat rheumatoid arthritisrdquoAdvances in Natural and Applied Sciences vol 4 no 2 pp 124ndash127 2010

[20] M H Rashid R Tanzin K C Ghosh R Jahan M A Khaunand M Rahmatullah ldquoAn ethnoveterinary survey of medicinalplants used to treat cattle diseases in Birishiri area Netrakonadistrict Bangladeshrdquo Advances in Natural and Applied Sciencesvol 4 no 1 pp 10ndash13 2010

[21] P Maundu ldquoMethodology for collecting and sharing indige-nous knowledge a case studyrdquo Indigenous Knowledge andDevelopment Monitor vol 3 pp 3ndash5 1995

[22] M N Alexiades ldquoCollecting ethnobotanical datardquo in SelectingGuidelines for Ethnobotanical Research pp 53ndash94 The NewYork Botanical Garden Press 1996

[23] D M Parkin F Bray J Ferlay and P Pisani ldquoGlobal cancerstatistics 2002rdquo CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no2 pp 74ndash108 2005

[24] M S Butler ldquoThe role of natural product chemistry in drugdiscoveryrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67 no 12 pp 2141ndash2153 2004

[25] HWang T O Khor L Shu et al ldquoPlants vs cancer a review onnatural phytochemicals in preventing and treating cancers andtheir druggabilityrdquo Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistryvol 12 no 10 pp 1281ndash1305 2012

[26] J LHartwellPlantsUsed against Cancer A Survey QuartermanPublications Lawrence Mass USA 1982

[27] R Gerson-Cwillich A Serrano-Olvera and A Villalobos-Prieto ldquoComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) inMexican patients with cancerrdquoClinical and Translational Oncol-ogy vol 8 no 3 pp 200ndash207 2006

[28] H Raina G Soni N Jauhari N Sharma and N BharadvajaldquoPhytochemical importance of medicinal plants as potentialsources of anticancer agentsrdquo Turkish Journal of Botany vol 38pp 1027ndash1035 2014

[29] J G Graham M L Quinn D S Fabricant and N RFarnsworth ldquoPlants used against cancermdashan extension of thework of Jonathan Hartwellrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol73 no 3 pp 347ndash377 2000

[30] S Mohammad ldquoAnti-cancer agents from medicinal plantsrdquoBangladesh journal of Pharmacology vol 1 no 2 pp 35ndash412006

[31] S Kundusen A Bala B Kar et al ldquoAntitumor potential ofCitrus limetta fruit peel in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearingSwiss albinomicerdquoAlternativeMedicine Studies vol 2 no 1 pp48ndash51 2012

[32] E K Spiridon and G B Maria Plants That Fight Cancer CRCPress 2004

[33] M Z Gul L M Bhakshu F Ahmad A K Kondapi I AQureshi and I A Ghazi ldquoEvaluation of Abelmoschus moscha-tus extracts for antioxidant free radical scavenging antimicro-bial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assaysrdquo BMCComplementary and Alternative Medicine vol 11 article 642011

[34] B H Babu B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoTumour reducingand anticarcinogenic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius in micerdquoJournal of Ethnopharmacology vol 79 no 1 pp 27ndash33 2002

[35] T Chakraborty D Bhuniya M Chatterjee et al ldquoAcanthusilicifolius plant extract prevents DNA alterations in a trans-plantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing murine modelrdquoWorld Journal of Gastroenterology vol 13 no 48 pp 6538ndash65482007

[36] P V Khajure and J L Rathod ldquoPotential anticancer activityof Acanthus ilicifolius extracted from the Mangroves Forestof Karwar West Cost of Indiardquo World Journal of Science andTechnology vol 1 pp 1ndash6 2011

International Scholarly Research Notices 9

[37] M Firdaus A A Prihanto and R Nurdiani ldquoAntioxidant andcytotoxic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius flowerrdquo Asian PacificJournal of Tropical Biomedicine vol 3 no 1 pp 17ndash21 2013

[38] V Subramaniyan R Saravanan D Baskaran and SRamalalingam ldquoIn vitro free radical scavenging and anticancerpotential of Aristolochia indica L against MCF-7 cell linerdquoInternational Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesvol 7 no 6 pp 392ndash396 2015

[39] A Y K M Rana and J A Khanam ldquoAristolochia indica wholeplant extract as an Antineoplastic agentrdquo Journal of MedicalSciences vol 2 no 4 pp 2002ndash2205 2002

[40] H Nagasawa G Wu and H Inatomi ldquoEffects of aristolosidea component of guan-mu-tong (Caulis aristolochiae man-shuriensis) on normal and preneoplastic mammary glandgrowth in micerdquo Anticancer Research vol 17 no 1 pp 237ndash2401997

[41] P Garodia H Ichikawa N Malani G Sethi and B B Aggar-wal ldquoFrom ancient medicine to modern medicine ayurvedicconcepts of health and their role in inflammation and cancerrdquoJournal of the Society for Integrative Oncology vol 5 no 1 pp25ndash37 2007

[42] B Achari S Crakrabarty and S C Pakrashi ldquoAn N-glycosideand steroids from Aristolochia indicardquo Phytochemistry vol 20no 6 pp 1444ndash1445 1981

[43] N S Yarla R Azad M Basha et al ldquo5-lipoxygenase andcyclooxygenase inhibitory dammarane triterpenoid 1 fromborassus flabellifer seed coat inhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572secretion in LPSInduced THP-1 humanmonocytes and inducesapoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo Anti-CancerAgents inMedicinal Chemistry vol 15 no 8 pp 1066ndash1077 2015

[44] G R Duddukuri Y N Sastry D S VG K Kaladhar P ABabu K K Rao andKK Chaitanya ldquoPreliminary studies on invitro anti-tumor activity of tender seed coat extract of Borassusflabellifer L on hela cell linerdquo International Journal of CurrentResearch vol 3 no 7 pp 75ndash77 2011

[45] L-C Chiang H-Y Cheng C-C Chen and C-C Lin ldquoInvitro anti-leukemic and antiviral activities of traditionally usedmedicinal plants in Taiwanrdquo The American Journal of ChineseMedicine vol 32 no 5 pp 695ndash704 2004

[46] P Tiwari G Aluja A S Pandey and N Sharma ldquoIsolation andbiological evaluation of some phytoconstituents from Blumealacera (Burn F) DCrdquo International Journal of Pharmacy ampPharmaceutical Sciences vol 4 supplement 4 pp 148ndash150 2012

[47] PMassiM Solinas V Cinquina andD Parolaro ldquoCannabidiolas potential anticancer drugrdquoBritish Journal of Clinical Pharma-cology vol 75 no 2 pp 303ndash312 2013

[48] A EMunson L S HarrisM A FriedmanW L Dewey and RA Carchman ldquoAntineoplastic activity of cannabinoidsrdquo Journalof the National Cancer Institute vol 55 no 3 pp 597ndash602 1975

[49] N Freimuth R Ramer and B Hinz ldquoAntitumorigenic effects ofcannabinoids beyond apoptosisrdquo Journal of Pharmacology andExperimental Therapeutics vol 332 no 2 pp 336ndash344 2010

[50] G Velasco C Sanchez and M Guzman ldquoTowards the use ofcannabinoids as antitumour agentsrdquo Nature Reviews Cancervol 12 no 6 pp 436ndash444 2012

[51] G Velasco S Hernandez-Tiedra D Davila and M LorenteldquoThe use of cannabinoids as anticancer agentsrdquo Progress inNeuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry vol 64pp 259ndash266 2016

[52] P Saha U K Mazumder P K Haldar et al ldquoAnticanceractivity of methanol extract of Cucurbita maxima against

Ehrlich as-cites carcinomardquo International Journal of Research inPharmaceutical Sciences vol 2 no 1 pp 52ndash59 2011

[53] A Shrivastava A A Khan S K Jain et al ldquoBiotechnologicaladvancement in isolation of anti-neoplastic compounds fromnatural origin a novel source of L-asparaginaserdquo Acta Biomed-ica vol 81 no 2 pp 104ndash108 2010

[54] L A Clavell R D Gelber H J Cohen et al ldquoFour agentinduction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment ofchildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiardquo The New EnglandJournal of Medicine vol 315 no 11 pp 657ndash663 1986

[55] M D Story D W Voehringer L C Stephens and R E MeynldquoL-asparaginase kills lymphoma cells by apoptosisrdquo CancerChemotherapy and Pharmacology vol 32 no 2 pp 129ndash1331993

[56] M Anisuzzaman A H M M Rahman M Harun-Or-RashidA TMNaderuzzaman andAKMR Islam ldquoAn ethnobotan-ical study of madhupur Tangailrdquo Journal of Applied PolymerScience vol 3 no 7 pp 519ndash530 2007

[57] D Kumar S Mallick J R Vedasiromoni and B C PalldquoAnti-leukemic activity of Dillenia indica L fruit extract andquantification of betulinic acid by HPLCrdquo Phytomedicine vol17 no 6 pp 431ndash435 2010

[58] D Dutta A Sarkar B Chakraborty C Chowdhury and P DasldquoInduction of apoptosis by a potent Betulinic acid derivative inHuman colon carcinoma HT-29 cellsrdquo International Journal ofScientific and Research Publications vol 5 no 2 pp 1ndash7 2015

[59] Z-L Yu X-R Liu M McCulloch and J Gao ldquoAnticancereffects of various fractions extracted from Dioscorea bulbiferaon mice bearing HepArdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 29no 6 pp 563ndash567 2004

[60] J-M Wang L-L Ji C J Banford-White et al ldquoAntitumoractivity of Dioscorea bulbifera L rhizome in vivordquo Fitoterapiavol 83 no 2 pp 388ndash394 2012

[61] B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoIn vitro cytotoxic and antitumorproperty of Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC in micerdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 73 no 3 pp 495ndash500 2000

[62] B S Shylesh S AjikumaranNair andA Subramoniam ldquoInduc-tion of cell-specific apoptosis and protection from Daltonrsquoslymphoma challenge in mice by an active fraction from Emiliasonchifoliardquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 37 no 4 pp232ndash237 2005

[63] H Lage N Duarte C Coburger A Hilgeroth and M J UFerreira ldquoAntitumor activity of terpenoids against classical andatypical multidrug resistant cancer cellsrdquo Phytomedicine vol 17no 6 pp 441ndash448 2010

[64] T Herlina Nasrudin U Supratman A Subamas A Sutardjoand H Hayashi ldquoAn isoflavonoid warangalone from the stembark of dadap ayam (Erythrina variegata)rdquo Journal of BasicSciences vol 9 no 1 pp 45ndash47 2008

[65] H Tati K Nurlelasari Dikdik S Unang and U Zalinar ldquoInvitro anticancer and antimalarial Erystagallin-a from Erythrinavariegata (L) stem barkrdquoMedicinal Plants vol 3 no 1 pp 9ndash132011

[66] M P Balasubramaniam and S Premkumari ldquoEffects ofHygrophila auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymesinN-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular Carcinoma inratsrdquo Journal of Herbal Medicine vol 1 pp 85ndash90 2012

[67] S J Uddin I D Grice and E Tiralongo ldquoCytotoxic effects ofBangladeshi medicinal plant extractsrdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2011 Article ID 5780927 pages 2011

10 International Scholarly Research Notices

[68] I LamprontiM T Khan N Bianchi et al ldquoBangladeshimedic-inal plant extracts inhibiting molecular interactions betweennuclear factors and target DNA sequences mimicking NF-120581Bbinding sitesrdquo Medicinal chemistry vol 1 no 4 pp 327ndash3332005

[69] S Ahmed A Rahman M Mathur M Athar and S Sul-tana ldquoAnti-tumor promoting activity of Asteracantha longifoliaagainst experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in ratsrdquo Food andChemical Toxicology vol 39 no 1 pp 19ndash28 2001

[70] R Bharali J Tabassum andM RH Azad ldquoChemomodulatoryeffect ofMoringa oleifera lam on hepatic carcinogenmetabolis-ing enzymes antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesisin micerdquo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention vol 4 no2 pp 131ndash139 2003

[71] M V S Parvathy and A Umamaheshwari ldquoCytotoxic effect ofMoringa oleifera leaf extracts on human multiple myeloma celllinesrdquo Trends in Medical Research vol 2 no 1 pp 44ndash50 2007

[72] L Berkovich G Earon I Ron A Rimmon A Vexler andS Lev-Ari ldquoMoringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract down-regulates nuclear factor-120581B and increases cytotoxic effect ofchemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo BMCComplementaryand Alternative Medicine vol 13 article 212 2013

[73] I L Jung ldquoSoluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves witha new anticancer activityrdquo PLoS ONE vol 9 no 4 Article IDe95492 2014

[74] L V Costa-Lotufo M T H Khan A Ather et al ldquoStudiesof the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folkmedicinerdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 99 no 1 pp 21ndash30 2005

[75] A Murakami A M Ali K Mat-Salleh K Koshimizu andH Ohigashi ldquoScreening for the in vitro anti-tumor-promotingactivities of edible plants fromMalaysiardquo Bioscience Biotechnol-ogy and Biochemistry vol 64 no 1 pp 9ndash16 2000

[76] I Lajter I Zupko J Molnar et al ldquoAntiproliferative activity ofpolygonaceae species from theCarpathian Basin against humancancer cell linesrdquo Phytotherapy Research vol 27 no 1 pp 77ndash852013

[77] J Ma Y Zi Jiang H Shi et al ldquoCucurbitacin B inhibitsthe translational expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1120572rdquoEuropean Journal of Pharmacology vol 723 no 1 pp 46ndash542014

[78] L Pan Y Yong Y Deng et al ldquoIsolation structure eluci-dation and biological evaluation of 1623-epoxycucurbitacinconstituents from eleaocarpus Chinensisrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 75 no 3 pp 444ndash452 2012

[79] S R Kim H S Seo H-S Choi et al ldquoTrichosanthes kirilowiiethanol extract and cucurbitacin D inhibit cell growth andinduce apoptosis through inhibition of STAT3 activity in breastcancer cellsrdquo Evidence-Based Complementary and AlternativeMedicine vol 2013 Article ID 975350 9 pages 2013

[80] N Takahashi Y Yoshida T Sugiura K Matsuno A Fujinoand U Yamashita ldquoCucurbitacin D isolated from Trichosantheskirilowii induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomacells in vitrordquo International Immunopharmacology vol 9 no 4pp 508ndash513 2009

[81] D R A Mans A B Da Rocha and G Schwartsmann ldquoAnti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil targeted plantcollection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancercompoundsrdquo Oncologist vol 5 no 3 pp 185ndash198 2000

[82] L Pan H-B Chai and A D Kinghorn ldquoDiscovery of newanticancer agents from higher plantsrdquo Frontiers in Biosciencevol 4 no 1 pp 142ndash156 2012

[83] M A Jordan and L Wilson ldquoMicrotubules as a target foranticancer drugsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 4 no 4 pp 253ndash265 2004

[84] D G I Kingston ldquoTubulin-interactive natural products asanticancer agentsrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 72 no 3pp 507ndash515 2009

[85] K R Hande ldquoEtoposide four decades of development of atopoisomerase II inhibitorrdquo European Journal of Cancer vol 34no 10 pp 1514ndash1521 1998

[86] G M Cragg and D J Newman ldquoA tale of two tumor targetstopoisomerase I and tubulin The Wall and Wani contributionto cancer chemotherapyrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67no 2 pp 232ndash244 2004

[87] Y-H Hsiang M G Lihou and L F Liu ldquoArrest of replicationforks by drug-stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable com-plexes as a mechanism of cell killing by camptothecinrdquo CancerResearch vol 49 no 18 pp 5077ndash5082 1989

[88] D C Zhou R Zittoun and J PMarie ldquoHomoharringtonine aneffective new natural product in cancer chemotherapyrdquo Bulletindu Cancer vol 82 no 12 pp 987ndash995 1995

[89] H Itokawa X Wang and K-H Lee ldquoHomoharringtonineand related compoundsrdquo in Anticancer Agents from NaturalProducts M CraggGordon G KingstonDavid and J NewmanDavid Eds pp 47ndash70 CRCTaylor amp Francis Boca Raton FlaUSA 2005

[90] A Quintas-Cardama H Kantarjian and J Cortes ldquoHomohar-ringtonine omacetaxine mepesuccinate and chronic myeloidleukemia circa 2009rdquo Cancer vol 115 no 23 pp 5382ndash53932009

[91] B B Aggarwal C Sundaram N Malani and H IchikawaldquoCurcumin the Indian solid goldrdquo Advances in ExperimentalMedicine and Biology vol 595 pp 1ndash75 2007

[92] G Sa T Das S Banerjee and J Chakraborty ldquoCurcumin fromexotic spice to modern anticancer drugrdquo Al Ameen Journal ofMedical Sciences vol 3 no 1 pp 21ndash37 2010

[93] B B Aggarwal A Bhardwaj R S Aggarwal N P Seeram SShishodia and Y Takada ldquoRole of resveratrol in prevention andtherapy of cancer preclinical and clinical studiesrdquo AnticancerResearch vol 24 no 5 pp 2783ndash2840 2004

[94] M Athar J H Back X Tang et al ldquoResveratrol a review ofpreclinical studies for human cancer preventionrdquo Toxicologyand Applied Pharmacology vol 224 no 3 pp 274ndash283 2007

[95] A Bishayee T Politis and A S Darvesh ldquoResveratrol in thechemoprevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomardquoCancer Treatment Reviews vol 36 no 1 pp 43ndash53 2010

[96] V Krystof and S Uldrijan ldquoCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitorsas anticancer drugsrdquoCurrent Drug Targets vol 11 no 3 pp 291ndash302 2010

[97] A M Senderowicz ldquoFlavopiridol the first cyclin-dependentkinase inhibitor in human clinical trialsrdquo Investigational NewDrugs vol 17 no 3 pp 313ndash320 1999

[98] R Li C Wang T Chen and P Chen ldquoQuantitative proteomicanalysis of cold-responsive proteins inAbelmoschus moschatusrdquoJournal of Animal amp Plant Sciences vol 14 no 3 pp 2006ndash20232012

[99] I Molfetta L Ceccarini M Macchia G Flamini and P LCioni ldquoAbelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench and AbelmoschusmoschatusMedik seeds production and analysis of the volatilecompoundsrdquo Food Chemistry vol 141 no 1 pp 34ndash40 2013

[100] M N Ahmed T Sultana M N K Azam andM RahmatullahldquoA preliminary antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity

International Scholarly Research Notices 11

evaluation of a mangrove speciesAcanthus ilicifolius L leaves inmicerdquo Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines vol 9 no 6 pp143ndash149 2014

[101] R Wostmann and G Liebezeit ldquoChemical composition of themangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae)mdashreview andadditional datardquo Senckenbergiana Maritima vol 38 no 1 pp31ndash37 2008

[102] U Kokpol V Chittawong and D H Miles ldquoChemical con-stituents of the roots of Acanthus illicifoliusrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 49 no 2 pp 355ndash356 1986

[103] K P Tiwara P KMinocha andMMasood ldquoAcanthicifolinemdasha new alkaloid from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Polish Journal ofChemistry vol 54 pp 857ndash858 1980

[104] C-H Huo B Wang W-H Lin and Y-Y Zhao ldquoBenzoxazi-nones from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Biochemical Systematics andEcology vol 33 no 6 pp 643ndash645 2005

[105] A Pakrashi and C Shaha ldquoEffect of methyl ester of aristolicacid from Aristolochia indica Linn on fertility of female micerdquoExperientia vol 34 no 9 pp 1192ndash1193 1978

[106] I Laakso T Seppanen-Laakso R Hiltunen and O EkundayoldquoComposition of the essential oil of Blumea lacera DC (Aster-aceae) leaves from Nigeriardquo Flavour and Fragrance Journal vol4 no 2 pp 73ndash75 1989

[107] S Subashini V Rameshkannan and P Mani ldquoPhytochemicaland GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from borassusflabellifer linn from rootrdquoEuropean Journal ofMolecular Biologyand Biochemistry vol 2 no 3 pp 148ndash152 2015

[108] M Guzman ldquoCannabinoids potential anticancer agentsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 3 no 10 pp 745ndash755 2003

[109] R Pandey R K Verma and M M Gupta ldquoNeo-clerodanediterpenoids from Clerodendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol66 no 6 pp 643ndash648 2005

[110] T Kanchanapoom R Kasai P Chumsri Y Hiraga and KYamasaki ldquoMegastigmane and iridoid glucosides from Clero-dendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol 58 no 2 pp 333ndash3362001

[111] S D Dubey ldquoOverview on Cucurbita maximardquo InternationalJournal of Phytopharmacy vol 2 no 3 pp 68ndash71 2012

[112] K R Dutta S Banerjee andAMitra ldquoMedicinal plants ofWestmidnapore India emphasis on phytochemical containmenthaving role on oral cancerrdquo International Journal of Phytophar-macology vol 3 no 2 pp 198ndash208 2012

[113] A Murakami M Nakashima T Koshiba et al ldquoModifyingeffects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generationfrom stimulated leukocytesrdquo Cancer Letters vol 149 no 1-2 pp115ndash123 2000

[114] S M Sundarapandian and P S Swamy ldquoLitter production andleaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropicalforests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats Indiardquo Forest Ecologyand Management vol 123 no 2-3 pp 231ndash244 1999

[115] D Gandhi and P Mehta ldquoDillenia indica Linn and Dilleniapentagyna Roxb pharmacognostic phytochemical and thera-peutic aspectsrdquo Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science vol3 no 11 pp 134ndash142 2013

[116] H Gao M Kuroyanagi L Wu N Kawahara T Yasuno and YNakamura ldquoAntitumor-promoting constituents fromDioscoreabulbifera L in JB6 mouse epidermal cellsrdquo Biological andPharmaceutical Bulletin vol 25 no 9 pp 1241ndash1243 2002

[117] J J Gao D L Cheng and X P Liu ldquoChemical constituents ofEmilia sonchifolia L DCrdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 18no 2 pp 102ndash127 1993

[118] T K Datta and P S Basu ldquoHuman erythrocyte specific lectinfrom the seeds of Indian coral tree Erythrina variegata Linnvar orientali Linn Merrillrdquo Journal of Biosciences vol 5 no 1pp 25ndash30 1983

[119] L Xiaoli W Naili W M Sau A S C Chen and Y XinshengldquoFour new isoflavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrinavariegatardquo Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 54 no 4pp 570ndash573 2006

[120] A Kumar S Lingadurai A Jain and N R Barman ldquoErythrinavariegata Linn a review on morphology phytochemistry andpharmacological aspectsrdquo Pharmacognosy Reviews vol 4 no8 pp 147ndash152 2010

[121] A Ghani Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with ChemicalConstituents and Uses Asiatic Society of Bangladesh DhakaBangladesh 2003

[122] P Bairaj and S Nagarajan ldquoApigenin 7-O-glucuronide from theflowers of Asteracantha longifolia Neesrdquo Indian Drugs vol 19pp 150ndash152 1982

[123] V V Parashar and H Singh ldquoInvestigation of Astercanthalongifolia Neesrdquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 27 no 4pp 109ndash113 1965

[124] T R Govindachari K Nagarajan and B R Pai ldquoIsolation oflupeol from the root of Asteracantha longifolia neesrdquo IndianJournal of Scientific Research B vol 16 article 72 1957

[125] T N Misra R S Singh H S Pandey B K Singh and R PPandey ldquoConstituents of Asteracantha longifoliardquo Fitoterapiavol 72 no 2 pp 194ndash196 2001

[126] C Quasim and N L Dutta ldquoReported the prescence ofstigmasterol in the root ofAsteracantha longifoliaNeesrdquo Journalof Indian Chemical Society vol 44 article 82 1967

[127] C K Bose ldquoPossible role of Moringa oleifera Lam root inepithelial ovarian cancerrdquo Medscape General Medicine vol 9article 26 2007

[128] A P Guevara C Vargas H Sakurai et al ldquoAn antitumor pro-moter fromMoringa oleifera LamrdquoMutation ResearchGeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis vol 440 no 2 pp181ndash188 1999

[129] Atta-ur-Rahman M Shabbir S Z Sultani A Jabbar and MI Choudhary ldquoCinnamates and coumarins from the leaves ofMurraya paniculatardquo Phytochemistry vol 44 no 4 pp 683ndash685 1997

[130] J K Lin and T S Wu ldquoConstituents of flowers of Murrayapaniculatardquo Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society vol 41 no2 pp 213ndash216 1994

[131] T-S Wu M-J Liou T-T Jong Y-J Chen and J-S LaildquoIndole alkaloids and coumarins from the root bark ofMurrayapaniculata var Omphalocarpardquo Phytochemistry vol 28 no 10pp 2873ndash2874 1989

[132] T-S Wu Y-Y Chan Y-L Leu and S-C Huang ldquoA flavonoidand indole alkaloid from flowers of Murraya paniculatardquoPhytochemistry vol 37 no 1 pp 287ndash288 1994

[133] M Parimala and F G Shoba ldquoPhytochemical analysis andIn vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract ofNymphaea nouchali Burm frdquo Asian Pacific Journal of TropicalBiomedicine vol 3 no 11 pp 887ndash895 2013

[134] S R Kabir M A Zubair M Nurujjaman et al ldquoPurificationand characterization of a Ca2+-dependent novel lectin fromNymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activitiesrdquo Bio-science Reports vol 31 no 6 pp 465ndash475 2011

[135] A K M M Huq J A Jamal and J Stanslas ldquoEthnobotanicalphytochemical pharmacological and toxicological aspects of

12 International Scholarly Research Notices

Persicaria hydropiper (L) delarbrerdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2014 Article ID 78283011 pages 2014

[136] V Vadivel A Patel and H K Biesalski ldquoEffect of traditionalprocessing methods on the antioxidant 120572-amylase and 120572-glucosidase enzyme inhibition properties of Sesbania sesbanMerrill seedsrdquo CyTAmdashJournal of Food vol 10 no 2 pp 128ndash136 2012

[137] N Das P Chandran and S Chakraborty ldquoPotent spermicidaleffect of oleanolic acid 3-beta-d-glucuronide an active principleisolated from the plant Sesbania sesbanMerrillrdquo Contraceptionvol 83 no 2 pp 167ndash175 2011

[138] M Kathiresh P D Suganya andM Saravanakumar ldquoBioactivecompounds in Sesbania sesban flower and its antioxidant andantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Pharmacy Research vol 5 no1 pp 293ndash390 2012

[139] M E Barbercheck and J Wang ldquoEffect of cucurbitacin Don in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus sppsymbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodesrdquo Journal ofInvertebrate Pathology vol 68 no 2 pp 141ndash145 1996

[140] CMi JMaH Shi et al ldquo410158406-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoauroneinhibits the HIF-1120572 pathway through inhibition of AktmTORp70S6K4E-BP1 phosphorylationrdquo Journal of PharmacologicalSciences vol 125 no 2 pp 193ndash201 2014

[141] M Valyova V Hadjimitova S Stoyanov Y Ganeva and ITrayko Petkov ldquoFree radical scavenging activity of extractsfrom Bulgarian Veronica officinalis L and GC-MS analysis ofethanol extractrdquoThe Internet Journal of Aesthetic and AntiagingMedicine vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2008

[142] I Saracoglu F H Oztunca A Nagatsu and U S HarputldquoIridoid content and biological activities of Veronica cuneifoliasubsp cuneifolia and V cymbalariardquo Pharmaceutical Biologyvol 49 no 11 pp 1150ndash1157 2011

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

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Page 8: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

8 International Scholarly Research Notices

[4] J Folkman ldquoRole of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metas-tasisrdquo Seminars in Oncology vol 29 no 6 supplement 16 pp15ndash18 2002

[5] A Jemal T Murray E Ward et al ldquoCancer statistics 2005rdquo CACancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no 1 pp 10ndash30 2005

[6] P A Wingo C J Cardinez S H Landis et al ldquoLong-termtrends in cancer mortality in the United States 1930ndash1998rdquoCancer vol 97 no 12 pp 3133ndash3275 2003

[7] Cancer Registry Report 2005ndash2007National Institute of CancerResearch and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh December 2009

[8] A K Uddin Z J Khan J Islam and A M Mahmud ldquoCancercare scenario in Bangladesh SouthAsianrdquo Journal of Cancer vol2 no 2 pp 102ndash104 2013

[9] V Noronha U Tsomo A Jamshed et al ldquoA fresh look atoncology facts on south central Asia and SAARC countriesrdquoSouth Asian Journal of Cancer vol 1 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2012

[10] CMCottonEthnobotany Principle adApplication JohnWileyamp Sons New York NY USA 1996

[11] M N Ahmed and M N K Azam ldquoTraditional knowledgeand formulations of medicinal plants used by the traditionalmedical practitioners of Bangladesh to treat schizophrenia likepsychosisrdquo Schizophrenia Research and Treatment vol 2014Article ID 679210 10 pages 2014

[12] M N K Azam MA Mannan and M N Ahmed ldquoMedicinalplants used by the traditional medical practitioners of Baren-dra and Shamatat (Rajshahi amp Khulna Division) region inBangladesh for treatment of cardiovascular disordersrdquo Journalof Medicinal Plants Studies vol 2 no 2 pp 9ndash14 2014

[13] M N K Azam S Biswas and M N Ahmed ldquoA cross-sectional study of ethnopharmacology in the Noakhali districtof Bangladesh and exploring potential ocular immunostimu-latory activity of the medicinal plants for the treatment of eyeinfectionsrdquo PharmacologyOnline vol 1 no 1 pp 77ndash89 2015

[14] M N Hasan M N K Azam M N Ahmed and A HirashimaldquoA randomized ethnomedicinal survey of snakebite treatmentin southwestern parts of Bangladeshrdquo Journal of Traditional andComplementary Medicine 2015

[15] M F KadirM S Bin Sayeed T Shams andMM KMia ldquoEth-nobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Bangladeshitraditional health practitioners in the management of diabetesmellitusrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 144 no 3 pp 605ndash611 2012

[16] M F Kadir M S Bin Sayeed and M M K Mia ldquoEthnophar-macological survey of medicinal plants used by traditionalhealers in Bangladesh for gastrointestinal disordersrdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 147 no 1 pp 148ndash156 2013

[17] AMollik T Islam A Khatun D Nasrin R Jahan andM Rah-matullah ldquoMedicinal plants used against gastrointestinal tractdisorders by traditional medicinal practitioners of BangladeshrdquoPlanta Medica vol 75 article PD57 2009

[18] MAHMollikM R Faruque KAkterM T IslamM FHos-sain and D Sen ldquoEthnomedicinal survey of medicinal plantsused as remedy for HIVAIDS related infections by the tradi-tional medicinal practitioners of Bangladeshrdquo in Proceedings ofthe 18th International AIDS Conference (AIDS rsquo10) Abstract noMOPE0213 Vienna Austria July 2010

[19] M Rahmatullah R Jahan A K Azad et al ldquoA randomizedsurvey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitionersin six districts of bangladesh to treat rheumatoid arthritisrdquoAdvances in Natural and Applied Sciences vol 4 no 2 pp 124ndash127 2010

[20] M H Rashid R Tanzin K C Ghosh R Jahan M A Khaunand M Rahmatullah ldquoAn ethnoveterinary survey of medicinalplants used to treat cattle diseases in Birishiri area Netrakonadistrict Bangladeshrdquo Advances in Natural and Applied Sciencesvol 4 no 1 pp 10ndash13 2010

[21] P Maundu ldquoMethodology for collecting and sharing indige-nous knowledge a case studyrdquo Indigenous Knowledge andDevelopment Monitor vol 3 pp 3ndash5 1995

[22] M N Alexiades ldquoCollecting ethnobotanical datardquo in SelectingGuidelines for Ethnobotanical Research pp 53ndash94 The NewYork Botanical Garden Press 1996

[23] D M Parkin F Bray J Ferlay and P Pisani ldquoGlobal cancerstatistics 2002rdquo CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians vol 55 no2 pp 74ndash108 2005

[24] M S Butler ldquoThe role of natural product chemistry in drugdiscoveryrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67 no 12 pp 2141ndash2153 2004

[25] HWang T O Khor L Shu et al ldquoPlants vs cancer a review onnatural phytochemicals in preventing and treating cancers andtheir druggabilityrdquo Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistryvol 12 no 10 pp 1281ndash1305 2012

[26] J LHartwellPlantsUsed against Cancer A Survey QuartermanPublications Lawrence Mass USA 1982

[27] R Gerson-Cwillich A Serrano-Olvera and A Villalobos-Prieto ldquoComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) inMexican patients with cancerrdquoClinical and Translational Oncol-ogy vol 8 no 3 pp 200ndash207 2006

[28] H Raina G Soni N Jauhari N Sharma and N BharadvajaldquoPhytochemical importance of medicinal plants as potentialsources of anticancer agentsrdquo Turkish Journal of Botany vol 38pp 1027ndash1035 2014

[29] J G Graham M L Quinn D S Fabricant and N RFarnsworth ldquoPlants used against cancermdashan extension of thework of Jonathan Hartwellrdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol73 no 3 pp 347ndash377 2000

[30] S Mohammad ldquoAnti-cancer agents from medicinal plantsrdquoBangladesh journal of Pharmacology vol 1 no 2 pp 35ndash412006

[31] S Kundusen A Bala B Kar et al ldquoAntitumor potential ofCitrus limetta fruit peel in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearingSwiss albinomicerdquoAlternativeMedicine Studies vol 2 no 1 pp48ndash51 2012

[32] E K Spiridon and G B Maria Plants That Fight Cancer CRCPress 2004

[33] M Z Gul L M Bhakshu F Ahmad A K Kondapi I AQureshi and I A Ghazi ldquoEvaluation of Abelmoschus moscha-tus extracts for antioxidant free radical scavenging antimicro-bial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assaysrdquo BMCComplementary and Alternative Medicine vol 11 article 642011

[34] B H Babu B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoTumour reducingand anticarcinogenic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius in micerdquoJournal of Ethnopharmacology vol 79 no 1 pp 27ndash33 2002

[35] T Chakraborty D Bhuniya M Chatterjee et al ldquoAcanthusilicifolius plant extract prevents DNA alterations in a trans-plantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing murine modelrdquoWorld Journal of Gastroenterology vol 13 no 48 pp 6538ndash65482007

[36] P V Khajure and J L Rathod ldquoPotential anticancer activityof Acanthus ilicifolius extracted from the Mangroves Forestof Karwar West Cost of Indiardquo World Journal of Science andTechnology vol 1 pp 1ndash6 2011

International Scholarly Research Notices 9

[37] M Firdaus A A Prihanto and R Nurdiani ldquoAntioxidant andcytotoxic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius flowerrdquo Asian PacificJournal of Tropical Biomedicine vol 3 no 1 pp 17ndash21 2013

[38] V Subramaniyan R Saravanan D Baskaran and SRamalalingam ldquoIn vitro free radical scavenging and anticancerpotential of Aristolochia indica L against MCF-7 cell linerdquoInternational Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesvol 7 no 6 pp 392ndash396 2015

[39] A Y K M Rana and J A Khanam ldquoAristolochia indica wholeplant extract as an Antineoplastic agentrdquo Journal of MedicalSciences vol 2 no 4 pp 2002ndash2205 2002

[40] H Nagasawa G Wu and H Inatomi ldquoEffects of aristolosidea component of guan-mu-tong (Caulis aristolochiae man-shuriensis) on normal and preneoplastic mammary glandgrowth in micerdquo Anticancer Research vol 17 no 1 pp 237ndash2401997

[41] P Garodia H Ichikawa N Malani G Sethi and B B Aggar-wal ldquoFrom ancient medicine to modern medicine ayurvedicconcepts of health and their role in inflammation and cancerrdquoJournal of the Society for Integrative Oncology vol 5 no 1 pp25ndash37 2007

[42] B Achari S Crakrabarty and S C Pakrashi ldquoAn N-glycosideand steroids from Aristolochia indicardquo Phytochemistry vol 20no 6 pp 1444ndash1445 1981

[43] N S Yarla R Azad M Basha et al ldquo5-lipoxygenase andcyclooxygenase inhibitory dammarane triterpenoid 1 fromborassus flabellifer seed coat inhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572secretion in LPSInduced THP-1 humanmonocytes and inducesapoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo Anti-CancerAgents inMedicinal Chemistry vol 15 no 8 pp 1066ndash1077 2015

[44] G R Duddukuri Y N Sastry D S VG K Kaladhar P ABabu K K Rao andKK Chaitanya ldquoPreliminary studies on invitro anti-tumor activity of tender seed coat extract of Borassusflabellifer L on hela cell linerdquo International Journal of CurrentResearch vol 3 no 7 pp 75ndash77 2011

[45] L-C Chiang H-Y Cheng C-C Chen and C-C Lin ldquoInvitro anti-leukemic and antiviral activities of traditionally usedmedicinal plants in Taiwanrdquo The American Journal of ChineseMedicine vol 32 no 5 pp 695ndash704 2004

[46] P Tiwari G Aluja A S Pandey and N Sharma ldquoIsolation andbiological evaluation of some phytoconstituents from Blumealacera (Burn F) DCrdquo International Journal of Pharmacy ampPharmaceutical Sciences vol 4 supplement 4 pp 148ndash150 2012

[47] PMassiM Solinas V Cinquina andD Parolaro ldquoCannabidiolas potential anticancer drugrdquoBritish Journal of Clinical Pharma-cology vol 75 no 2 pp 303ndash312 2013

[48] A EMunson L S HarrisM A FriedmanW L Dewey and RA Carchman ldquoAntineoplastic activity of cannabinoidsrdquo Journalof the National Cancer Institute vol 55 no 3 pp 597ndash602 1975

[49] N Freimuth R Ramer and B Hinz ldquoAntitumorigenic effects ofcannabinoids beyond apoptosisrdquo Journal of Pharmacology andExperimental Therapeutics vol 332 no 2 pp 336ndash344 2010

[50] G Velasco C Sanchez and M Guzman ldquoTowards the use ofcannabinoids as antitumour agentsrdquo Nature Reviews Cancervol 12 no 6 pp 436ndash444 2012

[51] G Velasco S Hernandez-Tiedra D Davila and M LorenteldquoThe use of cannabinoids as anticancer agentsrdquo Progress inNeuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry vol 64pp 259ndash266 2016

[52] P Saha U K Mazumder P K Haldar et al ldquoAnticanceractivity of methanol extract of Cucurbita maxima against

Ehrlich as-cites carcinomardquo International Journal of Research inPharmaceutical Sciences vol 2 no 1 pp 52ndash59 2011

[53] A Shrivastava A A Khan S K Jain et al ldquoBiotechnologicaladvancement in isolation of anti-neoplastic compounds fromnatural origin a novel source of L-asparaginaserdquo Acta Biomed-ica vol 81 no 2 pp 104ndash108 2010

[54] L A Clavell R D Gelber H J Cohen et al ldquoFour agentinduction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment ofchildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiardquo The New EnglandJournal of Medicine vol 315 no 11 pp 657ndash663 1986

[55] M D Story D W Voehringer L C Stephens and R E MeynldquoL-asparaginase kills lymphoma cells by apoptosisrdquo CancerChemotherapy and Pharmacology vol 32 no 2 pp 129ndash1331993

[56] M Anisuzzaman A H M M Rahman M Harun-Or-RashidA TMNaderuzzaman andAKMR Islam ldquoAn ethnobotan-ical study of madhupur Tangailrdquo Journal of Applied PolymerScience vol 3 no 7 pp 519ndash530 2007

[57] D Kumar S Mallick J R Vedasiromoni and B C PalldquoAnti-leukemic activity of Dillenia indica L fruit extract andquantification of betulinic acid by HPLCrdquo Phytomedicine vol17 no 6 pp 431ndash435 2010

[58] D Dutta A Sarkar B Chakraborty C Chowdhury and P DasldquoInduction of apoptosis by a potent Betulinic acid derivative inHuman colon carcinoma HT-29 cellsrdquo International Journal ofScientific and Research Publications vol 5 no 2 pp 1ndash7 2015

[59] Z-L Yu X-R Liu M McCulloch and J Gao ldquoAnticancereffects of various fractions extracted from Dioscorea bulbiferaon mice bearing HepArdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 29no 6 pp 563ndash567 2004

[60] J-M Wang L-L Ji C J Banford-White et al ldquoAntitumoractivity of Dioscorea bulbifera L rhizome in vivordquo Fitoterapiavol 83 no 2 pp 388ndash394 2012

[61] B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoIn vitro cytotoxic and antitumorproperty of Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC in micerdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 73 no 3 pp 495ndash500 2000

[62] B S Shylesh S AjikumaranNair andA Subramoniam ldquoInduc-tion of cell-specific apoptosis and protection from Daltonrsquoslymphoma challenge in mice by an active fraction from Emiliasonchifoliardquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 37 no 4 pp232ndash237 2005

[63] H Lage N Duarte C Coburger A Hilgeroth and M J UFerreira ldquoAntitumor activity of terpenoids against classical andatypical multidrug resistant cancer cellsrdquo Phytomedicine vol 17no 6 pp 441ndash448 2010

[64] T Herlina Nasrudin U Supratman A Subamas A Sutardjoand H Hayashi ldquoAn isoflavonoid warangalone from the stembark of dadap ayam (Erythrina variegata)rdquo Journal of BasicSciences vol 9 no 1 pp 45ndash47 2008

[65] H Tati K Nurlelasari Dikdik S Unang and U Zalinar ldquoInvitro anticancer and antimalarial Erystagallin-a from Erythrinavariegata (L) stem barkrdquoMedicinal Plants vol 3 no 1 pp 9ndash132011

[66] M P Balasubramaniam and S Premkumari ldquoEffects ofHygrophila auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymesinN-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular Carcinoma inratsrdquo Journal of Herbal Medicine vol 1 pp 85ndash90 2012

[67] S J Uddin I D Grice and E Tiralongo ldquoCytotoxic effects ofBangladeshi medicinal plant extractsrdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2011 Article ID 5780927 pages 2011

10 International Scholarly Research Notices

[68] I LamprontiM T Khan N Bianchi et al ldquoBangladeshimedic-inal plant extracts inhibiting molecular interactions betweennuclear factors and target DNA sequences mimicking NF-120581Bbinding sitesrdquo Medicinal chemistry vol 1 no 4 pp 327ndash3332005

[69] S Ahmed A Rahman M Mathur M Athar and S Sul-tana ldquoAnti-tumor promoting activity of Asteracantha longifoliaagainst experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in ratsrdquo Food andChemical Toxicology vol 39 no 1 pp 19ndash28 2001

[70] R Bharali J Tabassum andM RH Azad ldquoChemomodulatoryeffect ofMoringa oleifera lam on hepatic carcinogenmetabolis-ing enzymes antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesisin micerdquo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention vol 4 no2 pp 131ndash139 2003

[71] M V S Parvathy and A Umamaheshwari ldquoCytotoxic effect ofMoringa oleifera leaf extracts on human multiple myeloma celllinesrdquo Trends in Medical Research vol 2 no 1 pp 44ndash50 2007

[72] L Berkovich G Earon I Ron A Rimmon A Vexler andS Lev-Ari ldquoMoringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract down-regulates nuclear factor-120581B and increases cytotoxic effect ofchemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo BMCComplementaryand Alternative Medicine vol 13 article 212 2013

[73] I L Jung ldquoSoluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves witha new anticancer activityrdquo PLoS ONE vol 9 no 4 Article IDe95492 2014

[74] L V Costa-Lotufo M T H Khan A Ather et al ldquoStudiesof the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folkmedicinerdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 99 no 1 pp 21ndash30 2005

[75] A Murakami A M Ali K Mat-Salleh K Koshimizu andH Ohigashi ldquoScreening for the in vitro anti-tumor-promotingactivities of edible plants fromMalaysiardquo Bioscience Biotechnol-ogy and Biochemistry vol 64 no 1 pp 9ndash16 2000

[76] I Lajter I Zupko J Molnar et al ldquoAntiproliferative activity ofpolygonaceae species from theCarpathian Basin against humancancer cell linesrdquo Phytotherapy Research vol 27 no 1 pp 77ndash852013

[77] J Ma Y Zi Jiang H Shi et al ldquoCucurbitacin B inhibitsthe translational expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1120572rdquoEuropean Journal of Pharmacology vol 723 no 1 pp 46ndash542014

[78] L Pan Y Yong Y Deng et al ldquoIsolation structure eluci-dation and biological evaluation of 1623-epoxycucurbitacinconstituents from eleaocarpus Chinensisrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 75 no 3 pp 444ndash452 2012

[79] S R Kim H S Seo H-S Choi et al ldquoTrichosanthes kirilowiiethanol extract and cucurbitacin D inhibit cell growth andinduce apoptosis through inhibition of STAT3 activity in breastcancer cellsrdquo Evidence-Based Complementary and AlternativeMedicine vol 2013 Article ID 975350 9 pages 2013

[80] N Takahashi Y Yoshida T Sugiura K Matsuno A Fujinoand U Yamashita ldquoCucurbitacin D isolated from Trichosantheskirilowii induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomacells in vitrordquo International Immunopharmacology vol 9 no 4pp 508ndash513 2009

[81] D R A Mans A B Da Rocha and G Schwartsmann ldquoAnti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil targeted plantcollection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancercompoundsrdquo Oncologist vol 5 no 3 pp 185ndash198 2000

[82] L Pan H-B Chai and A D Kinghorn ldquoDiscovery of newanticancer agents from higher plantsrdquo Frontiers in Biosciencevol 4 no 1 pp 142ndash156 2012

[83] M A Jordan and L Wilson ldquoMicrotubules as a target foranticancer drugsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 4 no 4 pp 253ndash265 2004

[84] D G I Kingston ldquoTubulin-interactive natural products asanticancer agentsrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 72 no 3pp 507ndash515 2009

[85] K R Hande ldquoEtoposide four decades of development of atopoisomerase II inhibitorrdquo European Journal of Cancer vol 34no 10 pp 1514ndash1521 1998

[86] G M Cragg and D J Newman ldquoA tale of two tumor targetstopoisomerase I and tubulin The Wall and Wani contributionto cancer chemotherapyrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67no 2 pp 232ndash244 2004

[87] Y-H Hsiang M G Lihou and L F Liu ldquoArrest of replicationforks by drug-stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable com-plexes as a mechanism of cell killing by camptothecinrdquo CancerResearch vol 49 no 18 pp 5077ndash5082 1989

[88] D C Zhou R Zittoun and J PMarie ldquoHomoharringtonine aneffective new natural product in cancer chemotherapyrdquo Bulletindu Cancer vol 82 no 12 pp 987ndash995 1995

[89] H Itokawa X Wang and K-H Lee ldquoHomoharringtonineand related compoundsrdquo in Anticancer Agents from NaturalProducts M CraggGordon G KingstonDavid and J NewmanDavid Eds pp 47ndash70 CRCTaylor amp Francis Boca Raton FlaUSA 2005

[90] A Quintas-Cardama H Kantarjian and J Cortes ldquoHomohar-ringtonine omacetaxine mepesuccinate and chronic myeloidleukemia circa 2009rdquo Cancer vol 115 no 23 pp 5382ndash53932009

[91] B B Aggarwal C Sundaram N Malani and H IchikawaldquoCurcumin the Indian solid goldrdquo Advances in ExperimentalMedicine and Biology vol 595 pp 1ndash75 2007

[92] G Sa T Das S Banerjee and J Chakraborty ldquoCurcumin fromexotic spice to modern anticancer drugrdquo Al Ameen Journal ofMedical Sciences vol 3 no 1 pp 21ndash37 2010

[93] B B Aggarwal A Bhardwaj R S Aggarwal N P Seeram SShishodia and Y Takada ldquoRole of resveratrol in prevention andtherapy of cancer preclinical and clinical studiesrdquo AnticancerResearch vol 24 no 5 pp 2783ndash2840 2004

[94] M Athar J H Back X Tang et al ldquoResveratrol a review ofpreclinical studies for human cancer preventionrdquo Toxicologyand Applied Pharmacology vol 224 no 3 pp 274ndash283 2007

[95] A Bishayee T Politis and A S Darvesh ldquoResveratrol in thechemoprevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomardquoCancer Treatment Reviews vol 36 no 1 pp 43ndash53 2010

[96] V Krystof and S Uldrijan ldquoCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitorsas anticancer drugsrdquoCurrent Drug Targets vol 11 no 3 pp 291ndash302 2010

[97] A M Senderowicz ldquoFlavopiridol the first cyclin-dependentkinase inhibitor in human clinical trialsrdquo Investigational NewDrugs vol 17 no 3 pp 313ndash320 1999

[98] R Li C Wang T Chen and P Chen ldquoQuantitative proteomicanalysis of cold-responsive proteins inAbelmoschus moschatusrdquoJournal of Animal amp Plant Sciences vol 14 no 3 pp 2006ndash20232012

[99] I Molfetta L Ceccarini M Macchia G Flamini and P LCioni ldquoAbelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench and AbelmoschusmoschatusMedik seeds production and analysis of the volatilecompoundsrdquo Food Chemistry vol 141 no 1 pp 34ndash40 2013

[100] M N Ahmed T Sultana M N K Azam andM RahmatullahldquoA preliminary antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity

International Scholarly Research Notices 11

evaluation of a mangrove speciesAcanthus ilicifolius L leaves inmicerdquo Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines vol 9 no 6 pp143ndash149 2014

[101] R Wostmann and G Liebezeit ldquoChemical composition of themangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae)mdashreview andadditional datardquo Senckenbergiana Maritima vol 38 no 1 pp31ndash37 2008

[102] U Kokpol V Chittawong and D H Miles ldquoChemical con-stituents of the roots of Acanthus illicifoliusrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 49 no 2 pp 355ndash356 1986

[103] K P Tiwara P KMinocha andMMasood ldquoAcanthicifolinemdasha new alkaloid from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Polish Journal ofChemistry vol 54 pp 857ndash858 1980

[104] C-H Huo B Wang W-H Lin and Y-Y Zhao ldquoBenzoxazi-nones from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Biochemical Systematics andEcology vol 33 no 6 pp 643ndash645 2005

[105] A Pakrashi and C Shaha ldquoEffect of methyl ester of aristolicacid from Aristolochia indica Linn on fertility of female micerdquoExperientia vol 34 no 9 pp 1192ndash1193 1978

[106] I Laakso T Seppanen-Laakso R Hiltunen and O EkundayoldquoComposition of the essential oil of Blumea lacera DC (Aster-aceae) leaves from Nigeriardquo Flavour and Fragrance Journal vol4 no 2 pp 73ndash75 1989

[107] S Subashini V Rameshkannan and P Mani ldquoPhytochemicaland GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from borassusflabellifer linn from rootrdquoEuropean Journal ofMolecular Biologyand Biochemistry vol 2 no 3 pp 148ndash152 2015

[108] M Guzman ldquoCannabinoids potential anticancer agentsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 3 no 10 pp 745ndash755 2003

[109] R Pandey R K Verma and M M Gupta ldquoNeo-clerodanediterpenoids from Clerodendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol66 no 6 pp 643ndash648 2005

[110] T Kanchanapoom R Kasai P Chumsri Y Hiraga and KYamasaki ldquoMegastigmane and iridoid glucosides from Clero-dendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol 58 no 2 pp 333ndash3362001

[111] S D Dubey ldquoOverview on Cucurbita maximardquo InternationalJournal of Phytopharmacy vol 2 no 3 pp 68ndash71 2012

[112] K R Dutta S Banerjee andAMitra ldquoMedicinal plants ofWestmidnapore India emphasis on phytochemical containmenthaving role on oral cancerrdquo International Journal of Phytophar-macology vol 3 no 2 pp 198ndash208 2012

[113] A Murakami M Nakashima T Koshiba et al ldquoModifyingeffects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generationfrom stimulated leukocytesrdquo Cancer Letters vol 149 no 1-2 pp115ndash123 2000

[114] S M Sundarapandian and P S Swamy ldquoLitter production andleaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropicalforests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats Indiardquo Forest Ecologyand Management vol 123 no 2-3 pp 231ndash244 1999

[115] D Gandhi and P Mehta ldquoDillenia indica Linn and Dilleniapentagyna Roxb pharmacognostic phytochemical and thera-peutic aspectsrdquo Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science vol3 no 11 pp 134ndash142 2013

[116] H Gao M Kuroyanagi L Wu N Kawahara T Yasuno and YNakamura ldquoAntitumor-promoting constituents fromDioscoreabulbifera L in JB6 mouse epidermal cellsrdquo Biological andPharmaceutical Bulletin vol 25 no 9 pp 1241ndash1243 2002

[117] J J Gao D L Cheng and X P Liu ldquoChemical constituents ofEmilia sonchifolia L DCrdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 18no 2 pp 102ndash127 1993

[118] T K Datta and P S Basu ldquoHuman erythrocyte specific lectinfrom the seeds of Indian coral tree Erythrina variegata Linnvar orientali Linn Merrillrdquo Journal of Biosciences vol 5 no 1pp 25ndash30 1983

[119] L Xiaoli W Naili W M Sau A S C Chen and Y XinshengldquoFour new isoflavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrinavariegatardquo Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 54 no 4pp 570ndash573 2006

[120] A Kumar S Lingadurai A Jain and N R Barman ldquoErythrinavariegata Linn a review on morphology phytochemistry andpharmacological aspectsrdquo Pharmacognosy Reviews vol 4 no8 pp 147ndash152 2010

[121] A Ghani Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with ChemicalConstituents and Uses Asiatic Society of Bangladesh DhakaBangladesh 2003

[122] P Bairaj and S Nagarajan ldquoApigenin 7-O-glucuronide from theflowers of Asteracantha longifolia Neesrdquo Indian Drugs vol 19pp 150ndash152 1982

[123] V V Parashar and H Singh ldquoInvestigation of Astercanthalongifolia Neesrdquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 27 no 4pp 109ndash113 1965

[124] T R Govindachari K Nagarajan and B R Pai ldquoIsolation oflupeol from the root of Asteracantha longifolia neesrdquo IndianJournal of Scientific Research B vol 16 article 72 1957

[125] T N Misra R S Singh H S Pandey B K Singh and R PPandey ldquoConstituents of Asteracantha longifoliardquo Fitoterapiavol 72 no 2 pp 194ndash196 2001

[126] C Quasim and N L Dutta ldquoReported the prescence ofstigmasterol in the root ofAsteracantha longifoliaNeesrdquo Journalof Indian Chemical Society vol 44 article 82 1967

[127] C K Bose ldquoPossible role of Moringa oleifera Lam root inepithelial ovarian cancerrdquo Medscape General Medicine vol 9article 26 2007

[128] A P Guevara C Vargas H Sakurai et al ldquoAn antitumor pro-moter fromMoringa oleifera LamrdquoMutation ResearchGeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis vol 440 no 2 pp181ndash188 1999

[129] Atta-ur-Rahman M Shabbir S Z Sultani A Jabbar and MI Choudhary ldquoCinnamates and coumarins from the leaves ofMurraya paniculatardquo Phytochemistry vol 44 no 4 pp 683ndash685 1997

[130] J K Lin and T S Wu ldquoConstituents of flowers of Murrayapaniculatardquo Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society vol 41 no2 pp 213ndash216 1994

[131] T-S Wu M-J Liou T-T Jong Y-J Chen and J-S LaildquoIndole alkaloids and coumarins from the root bark ofMurrayapaniculata var Omphalocarpardquo Phytochemistry vol 28 no 10pp 2873ndash2874 1989

[132] T-S Wu Y-Y Chan Y-L Leu and S-C Huang ldquoA flavonoidand indole alkaloid from flowers of Murraya paniculatardquoPhytochemistry vol 37 no 1 pp 287ndash288 1994

[133] M Parimala and F G Shoba ldquoPhytochemical analysis andIn vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract ofNymphaea nouchali Burm frdquo Asian Pacific Journal of TropicalBiomedicine vol 3 no 11 pp 887ndash895 2013

[134] S R Kabir M A Zubair M Nurujjaman et al ldquoPurificationand characterization of a Ca2+-dependent novel lectin fromNymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activitiesrdquo Bio-science Reports vol 31 no 6 pp 465ndash475 2011

[135] A K M M Huq J A Jamal and J Stanslas ldquoEthnobotanicalphytochemical pharmacological and toxicological aspects of

12 International Scholarly Research Notices

Persicaria hydropiper (L) delarbrerdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2014 Article ID 78283011 pages 2014

[136] V Vadivel A Patel and H K Biesalski ldquoEffect of traditionalprocessing methods on the antioxidant 120572-amylase and 120572-glucosidase enzyme inhibition properties of Sesbania sesbanMerrill seedsrdquo CyTAmdashJournal of Food vol 10 no 2 pp 128ndash136 2012

[137] N Das P Chandran and S Chakraborty ldquoPotent spermicidaleffect of oleanolic acid 3-beta-d-glucuronide an active principleisolated from the plant Sesbania sesbanMerrillrdquo Contraceptionvol 83 no 2 pp 167ndash175 2011

[138] M Kathiresh P D Suganya andM Saravanakumar ldquoBioactivecompounds in Sesbania sesban flower and its antioxidant andantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Pharmacy Research vol 5 no1 pp 293ndash390 2012

[139] M E Barbercheck and J Wang ldquoEffect of cucurbitacin Don in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus sppsymbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodesrdquo Journal ofInvertebrate Pathology vol 68 no 2 pp 141ndash145 1996

[140] CMi JMaH Shi et al ldquo410158406-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoauroneinhibits the HIF-1120572 pathway through inhibition of AktmTORp70S6K4E-BP1 phosphorylationrdquo Journal of PharmacologicalSciences vol 125 no 2 pp 193ndash201 2014

[141] M Valyova V Hadjimitova S Stoyanov Y Ganeva and ITrayko Petkov ldquoFree radical scavenging activity of extractsfrom Bulgarian Veronica officinalis L and GC-MS analysis ofethanol extractrdquoThe Internet Journal of Aesthetic and AntiagingMedicine vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2008

[142] I Saracoglu F H Oztunca A Nagatsu and U S HarputldquoIridoid content and biological activities of Veronica cuneifoliasubsp cuneifolia and V cymbalariardquo Pharmaceutical Biologyvol 49 no 11 pp 1150ndash1157 2011

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

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MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

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Page 9: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

International Scholarly Research Notices 9

[37] M Firdaus A A Prihanto and R Nurdiani ldquoAntioxidant andcytotoxic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius flowerrdquo Asian PacificJournal of Tropical Biomedicine vol 3 no 1 pp 17ndash21 2013

[38] V Subramaniyan R Saravanan D Baskaran and SRamalalingam ldquoIn vitro free radical scavenging and anticancerpotential of Aristolochia indica L against MCF-7 cell linerdquoInternational Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesvol 7 no 6 pp 392ndash396 2015

[39] A Y K M Rana and J A Khanam ldquoAristolochia indica wholeplant extract as an Antineoplastic agentrdquo Journal of MedicalSciences vol 2 no 4 pp 2002ndash2205 2002

[40] H Nagasawa G Wu and H Inatomi ldquoEffects of aristolosidea component of guan-mu-tong (Caulis aristolochiae man-shuriensis) on normal and preneoplastic mammary glandgrowth in micerdquo Anticancer Research vol 17 no 1 pp 237ndash2401997

[41] P Garodia H Ichikawa N Malani G Sethi and B B Aggar-wal ldquoFrom ancient medicine to modern medicine ayurvedicconcepts of health and their role in inflammation and cancerrdquoJournal of the Society for Integrative Oncology vol 5 no 1 pp25ndash37 2007

[42] B Achari S Crakrabarty and S C Pakrashi ldquoAn N-glycosideand steroids from Aristolochia indicardquo Phytochemistry vol 20no 6 pp 1444ndash1445 1981

[43] N S Yarla R Azad M Basha et al ldquo5-lipoxygenase andcyclooxygenase inhibitory dammarane triterpenoid 1 fromborassus flabellifer seed coat inhibits tumor necrosis factor-120572secretion in LPSInduced THP-1 humanmonocytes and inducesapoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo Anti-CancerAgents inMedicinal Chemistry vol 15 no 8 pp 1066ndash1077 2015

[44] G R Duddukuri Y N Sastry D S VG K Kaladhar P ABabu K K Rao andKK Chaitanya ldquoPreliminary studies on invitro anti-tumor activity of tender seed coat extract of Borassusflabellifer L on hela cell linerdquo International Journal of CurrentResearch vol 3 no 7 pp 75ndash77 2011

[45] L-C Chiang H-Y Cheng C-C Chen and C-C Lin ldquoInvitro anti-leukemic and antiviral activities of traditionally usedmedicinal plants in Taiwanrdquo The American Journal of ChineseMedicine vol 32 no 5 pp 695ndash704 2004

[46] P Tiwari G Aluja A S Pandey and N Sharma ldquoIsolation andbiological evaluation of some phytoconstituents from Blumealacera (Burn F) DCrdquo International Journal of Pharmacy ampPharmaceutical Sciences vol 4 supplement 4 pp 148ndash150 2012

[47] PMassiM Solinas V Cinquina andD Parolaro ldquoCannabidiolas potential anticancer drugrdquoBritish Journal of Clinical Pharma-cology vol 75 no 2 pp 303ndash312 2013

[48] A EMunson L S HarrisM A FriedmanW L Dewey and RA Carchman ldquoAntineoplastic activity of cannabinoidsrdquo Journalof the National Cancer Institute vol 55 no 3 pp 597ndash602 1975

[49] N Freimuth R Ramer and B Hinz ldquoAntitumorigenic effects ofcannabinoids beyond apoptosisrdquo Journal of Pharmacology andExperimental Therapeutics vol 332 no 2 pp 336ndash344 2010

[50] G Velasco C Sanchez and M Guzman ldquoTowards the use ofcannabinoids as antitumour agentsrdquo Nature Reviews Cancervol 12 no 6 pp 436ndash444 2012

[51] G Velasco S Hernandez-Tiedra D Davila and M LorenteldquoThe use of cannabinoids as anticancer agentsrdquo Progress inNeuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry vol 64pp 259ndash266 2016

[52] P Saha U K Mazumder P K Haldar et al ldquoAnticanceractivity of methanol extract of Cucurbita maxima against

Ehrlich as-cites carcinomardquo International Journal of Research inPharmaceutical Sciences vol 2 no 1 pp 52ndash59 2011

[53] A Shrivastava A A Khan S K Jain et al ldquoBiotechnologicaladvancement in isolation of anti-neoplastic compounds fromnatural origin a novel source of L-asparaginaserdquo Acta Biomed-ica vol 81 no 2 pp 104ndash108 2010

[54] L A Clavell R D Gelber H J Cohen et al ldquoFour agentinduction and intensive asparaginase therapy for treatment ofchildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemiardquo The New EnglandJournal of Medicine vol 315 no 11 pp 657ndash663 1986

[55] M D Story D W Voehringer L C Stephens and R E MeynldquoL-asparaginase kills lymphoma cells by apoptosisrdquo CancerChemotherapy and Pharmacology vol 32 no 2 pp 129ndash1331993

[56] M Anisuzzaman A H M M Rahman M Harun-Or-RashidA TMNaderuzzaman andAKMR Islam ldquoAn ethnobotan-ical study of madhupur Tangailrdquo Journal of Applied PolymerScience vol 3 no 7 pp 519ndash530 2007

[57] D Kumar S Mallick J R Vedasiromoni and B C PalldquoAnti-leukemic activity of Dillenia indica L fruit extract andquantification of betulinic acid by HPLCrdquo Phytomedicine vol17 no 6 pp 431ndash435 2010

[58] D Dutta A Sarkar B Chakraborty C Chowdhury and P DasldquoInduction of apoptosis by a potent Betulinic acid derivative inHuman colon carcinoma HT-29 cellsrdquo International Journal ofScientific and Research Publications vol 5 no 2 pp 1ndash7 2015

[59] Z-L Yu X-R Liu M McCulloch and J Gao ldquoAnticancereffects of various fractions extracted from Dioscorea bulbiferaon mice bearing HepArdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 29no 6 pp 563ndash567 2004

[60] J-M Wang L-L Ji C J Banford-White et al ldquoAntitumoractivity of Dioscorea bulbifera L rhizome in vivordquo Fitoterapiavol 83 no 2 pp 388ndash394 2012

[61] B S Shylesh and J Padikkala ldquoIn vitro cytotoxic and antitumorproperty of Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC in micerdquo Journal ofEthnopharmacology vol 73 no 3 pp 495ndash500 2000

[62] B S Shylesh S AjikumaranNair andA Subramoniam ldquoInduc-tion of cell-specific apoptosis and protection from Daltonrsquoslymphoma challenge in mice by an active fraction from Emiliasonchifoliardquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 37 no 4 pp232ndash237 2005

[63] H Lage N Duarte C Coburger A Hilgeroth and M J UFerreira ldquoAntitumor activity of terpenoids against classical andatypical multidrug resistant cancer cellsrdquo Phytomedicine vol 17no 6 pp 441ndash448 2010

[64] T Herlina Nasrudin U Supratman A Subamas A Sutardjoand H Hayashi ldquoAn isoflavonoid warangalone from the stembark of dadap ayam (Erythrina variegata)rdquo Journal of BasicSciences vol 9 no 1 pp 45ndash47 2008

[65] H Tati K Nurlelasari Dikdik S Unang and U Zalinar ldquoInvitro anticancer and antimalarial Erystagallin-a from Erythrinavariegata (L) stem barkrdquoMedicinal Plants vol 3 no 1 pp 9ndash132011

[66] M P Balasubramaniam and S Premkumari ldquoEffects ofHygrophila auriculata on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymesinN-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular Carcinoma inratsrdquo Journal of Herbal Medicine vol 1 pp 85ndash90 2012

[67] S J Uddin I D Grice and E Tiralongo ldquoCytotoxic effects ofBangladeshi medicinal plant extractsrdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2011 Article ID 5780927 pages 2011

10 International Scholarly Research Notices

[68] I LamprontiM T Khan N Bianchi et al ldquoBangladeshimedic-inal plant extracts inhibiting molecular interactions betweennuclear factors and target DNA sequences mimicking NF-120581Bbinding sitesrdquo Medicinal chemistry vol 1 no 4 pp 327ndash3332005

[69] S Ahmed A Rahman M Mathur M Athar and S Sul-tana ldquoAnti-tumor promoting activity of Asteracantha longifoliaagainst experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in ratsrdquo Food andChemical Toxicology vol 39 no 1 pp 19ndash28 2001

[70] R Bharali J Tabassum andM RH Azad ldquoChemomodulatoryeffect ofMoringa oleifera lam on hepatic carcinogenmetabolis-ing enzymes antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesisin micerdquo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention vol 4 no2 pp 131ndash139 2003

[71] M V S Parvathy and A Umamaheshwari ldquoCytotoxic effect ofMoringa oleifera leaf extracts on human multiple myeloma celllinesrdquo Trends in Medical Research vol 2 no 1 pp 44ndash50 2007

[72] L Berkovich G Earon I Ron A Rimmon A Vexler andS Lev-Ari ldquoMoringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract down-regulates nuclear factor-120581B and increases cytotoxic effect ofchemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo BMCComplementaryand Alternative Medicine vol 13 article 212 2013

[73] I L Jung ldquoSoluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves witha new anticancer activityrdquo PLoS ONE vol 9 no 4 Article IDe95492 2014

[74] L V Costa-Lotufo M T H Khan A Ather et al ldquoStudiesof the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folkmedicinerdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 99 no 1 pp 21ndash30 2005

[75] A Murakami A M Ali K Mat-Salleh K Koshimizu andH Ohigashi ldquoScreening for the in vitro anti-tumor-promotingactivities of edible plants fromMalaysiardquo Bioscience Biotechnol-ogy and Biochemistry vol 64 no 1 pp 9ndash16 2000

[76] I Lajter I Zupko J Molnar et al ldquoAntiproliferative activity ofpolygonaceae species from theCarpathian Basin against humancancer cell linesrdquo Phytotherapy Research vol 27 no 1 pp 77ndash852013

[77] J Ma Y Zi Jiang H Shi et al ldquoCucurbitacin B inhibitsthe translational expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1120572rdquoEuropean Journal of Pharmacology vol 723 no 1 pp 46ndash542014

[78] L Pan Y Yong Y Deng et al ldquoIsolation structure eluci-dation and biological evaluation of 1623-epoxycucurbitacinconstituents from eleaocarpus Chinensisrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 75 no 3 pp 444ndash452 2012

[79] S R Kim H S Seo H-S Choi et al ldquoTrichosanthes kirilowiiethanol extract and cucurbitacin D inhibit cell growth andinduce apoptosis through inhibition of STAT3 activity in breastcancer cellsrdquo Evidence-Based Complementary and AlternativeMedicine vol 2013 Article ID 975350 9 pages 2013

[80] N Takahashi Y Yoshida T Sugiura K Matsuno A Fujinoand U Yamashita ldquoCucurbitacin D isolated from Trichosantheskirilowii induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomacells in vitrordquo International Immunopharmacology vol 9 no 4pp 508ndash513 2009

[81] D R A Mans A B Da Rocha and G Schwartsmann ldquoAnti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil targeted plantcollection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancercompoundsrdquo Oncologist vol 5 no 3 pp 185ndash198 2000

[82] L Pan H-B Chai and A D Kinghorn ldquoDiscovery of newanticancer agents from higher plantsrdquo Frontiers in Biosciencevol 4 no 1 pp 142ndash156 2012

[83] M A Jordan and L Wilson ldquoMicrotubules as a target foranticancer drugsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 4 no 4 pp 253ndash265 2004

[84] D G I Kingston ldquoTubulin-interactive natural products asanticancer agentsrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 72 no 3pp 507ndash515 2009

[85] K R Hande ldquoEtoposide four decades of development of atopoisomerase II inhibitorrdquo European Journal of Cancer vol 34no 10 pp 1514ndash1521 1998

[86] G M Cragg and D J Newman ldquoA tale of two tumor targetstopoisomerase I and tubulin The Wall and Wani contributionto cancer chemotherapyrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67no 2 pp 232ndash244 2004

[87] Y-H Hsiang M G Lihou and L F Liu ldquoArrest of replicationforks by drug-stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable com-plexes as a mechanism of cell killing by camptothecinrdquo CancerResearch vol 49 no 18 pp 5077ndash5082 1989

[88] D C Zhou R Zittoun and J PMarie ldquoHomoharringtonine aneffective new natural product in cancer chemotherapyrdquo Bulletindu Cancer vol 82 no 12 pp 987ndash995 1995

[89] H Itokawa X Wang and K-H Lee ldquoHomoharringtonineand related compoundsrdquo in Anticancer Agents from NaturalProducts M CraggGordon G KingstonDavid and J NewmanDavid Eds pp 47ndash70 CRCTaylor amp Francis Boca Raton FlaUSA 2005

[90] A Quintas-Cardama H Kantarjian and J Cortes ldquoHomohar-ringtonine omacetaxine mepesuccinate and chronic myeloidleukemia circa 2009rdquo Cancer vol 115 no 23 pp 5382ndash53932009

[91] B B Aggarwal C Sundaram N Malani and H IchikawaldquoCurcumin the Indian solid goldrdquo Advances in ExperimentalMedicine and Biology vol 595 pp 1ndash75 2007

[92] G Sa T Das S Banerjee and J Chakraborty ldquoCurcumin fromexotic spice to modern anticancer drugrdquo Al Ameen Journal ofMedical Sciences vol 3 no 1 pp 21ndash37 2010

[93] B B Aggarwal A Bhardwaj R S Aggarwal N P Seeram SShishodia and Y Takada ldquoRole of resveratrol in prevention andtherapy of cancer preclinical and clinical studiesrdquo AnticancerResearch vol 24 no 5 pp 2783ndash2840 2004

[94] M Athar J H Back X Tang et al ldquoResveratrol a review ofpreclinical studies for human cancer preventionrdquo Toxicologyand Applied Pharmacology vol 224 no 3 pp 274ndash283 2007

[95] A Bishayee T Politis and A S Darvesh ldquoResveratrol in thechemoprevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomardquoCancer Treatment Reviews vol 36 no 1 pp 43ndash53 2010

[96] V Krystof and S Uldrijan ldquoCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitorsas anticancer drugsrdquoCurrent Drug Targets vol 11 no 3 pp 291ndash302 2010

[97] A M Senderowicz ldquoFlavopiridol the first cyclin-dependentkinase inhibitor in human clinical trialsrdquo Investigational NewDrugs vol 17 no 3 pp 313ndash320 1999

[98] R Li C Wang T Chen and P Chen ldquoQuantitative proteomicanalysis of cold-responsive proteins inAbelmoschus moschatusrdquoJournal of Animal amp Plant Sciences vol 14 no 3 pp 2006ndash20232012

[99] I Molfetta L Ceccarini M Macchia G Flamini and P LCioni ldquoAbelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench and AbelmoschusmoschatusMedik seeds production and analysis of the volatilecompoundsrdquo Food Chemistry vol 141 no 1 pp 34ndash40 2013

[100] M N Ahmed T Sultana M N K Azam andM RahmatullahldquoA preliminary antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity

International Scholarly Research Notices 11

evaluation of a mangrove speciesAcanthus ilicifolius L leaves inmicerdquo Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines vol 9 no 6 pp143ndash149 2014

[101] R Wostmann and G Liebezeit ldquoChemical composition of themangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae)mdashreview andadditional datardquo Senckenbergiana Maritima vol 38 no 1 pp31ndash37 2008

[102] U Kokpol V Chittawong and D H Miles ldquoChemical con-stituents of the roots of Acanthus illicifoliusrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 49 no 2 pp 355ndash356 1986

[103] K P Tiwara P KMinocha andMMasood ldquoAcanthicifolinemdasha new alkaloid from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Polish Journal ofChemistry vol 54 pp 857ndash858 1980

[104] C-H Huo B Wang W-H Lin and Y-Y Zhao ldquoBenzoxazi-nones from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Biochemical Systematics andEcology vol 33 no 6 pp 643ndash645 2005

[105] A Pakrashi and C Shaha ldquoEffect of methyl ester of aristolicacid from Aristolochia indica Linn on fertility of female micerdquoExperientia vol 34 no 9 pp 1192ndash1193 1978

[106] I Laakso T Seppanen-Laakso R Hiltunen and O EkundayoldquoComposition of the essential oil of Blumea lacera DC (Aster-aceae) leaves from Nigeriardquo Flavour and Fragrance Journal vol4 no 2 pp 73ndash75 1989

[107] S Subashini V Rameshkannan and P Mani ldquoPhytochemicaland GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from borassusflabellifer linn from rootrdquoEuropean Journal ofMolecular Biologyand Biochemistry vol 2 no 3 pp 148ndash152 2015

[108] M Guzman ldquoCannabinoids potential anticancer agentsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 3 no 10 pp 745ndash755 2003

[109] R Pandey R K Verma and M M Gupta ldquoNeo-clerodanediterpenoids from Clerodendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol66 no 6 pp 643ndash648 2005

[110] T Kanchanapoom R Kasai P Chumsri Y Hiraga and KYamasaki ldquoMegastigmane and iridoid glucosides from Clero-dendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol 58 no 2 pp 333ndash3362001

[111] S D Dubey ldquoOverview on Cucurbita maximardquo InternationalJournal of Phytopharmacy vol 2 no 3 pp 68ndash71 2012

[112] K R Dutta S Banerjee andAMitra ldquoMedicinal plants ofWestmidnapore India emphasis on phytochemical containmenthaving role on oral cancerrdquo International Journal of Phytophar-macology vol 3 no 2 pp 198ndash208 2012

[113] A Murakami M Nakashima T Koshiba et al ldquoModifyingeffects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generationfrom stimulated leukocytesrdquo Cancer Letters vol 149 no 1-2 pp115ndash123 2000

[114] S M Sundarapandian and P S Swamy ldquoLitter production andleaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropicalforests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats Indiardquo Forest Ecologyand Management vol 123 no 2-3 pp 231ndash244 1999

[115] D Gandhi and P Mehta ldquoDillenia indica Linn and Dilleniapentagyna Roxb pharmacognostic phytochemical and thera-peutic aspectsrdquo Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science vol3 no 11 pp 134ndash142 2013

[116] H Gao M Kuroyanagi L Wu N Kawahara T Yasuno and YNakamura ldquoAntitumor-promoting constituents fromDioscoreabulbifera L in JB6 mouse epidermal cellsrdquo Biological andPharmaceutical Bulletin vol 25 no 9 pp 1241ndash1243 2002

[117] J J Gao D L Cheng and X P Liu ldquoChemical constituents ofEmilia sonchifolia L DCrdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 18no 2 pp 102ndash127 1993

[118] T K Datta and P S Basu ldquoHuman erythrocyte specific lectinfrom the seeds of Indian coral tree Erythrina variegata Linnvar orientali Linn Merrillrdquo Journal of Biosciences vol 5 no 1pp 25ndash30 1983

[119] L Xiaoli W Naili W M Sau A S C Chen and Y XinshengldquoFour new isoflavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrinavariegatardquo Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 54 no 4pp 570ndash573 2006

[120] A Kumar S Lingadurai A Jain and N R Barman ldquoErythrinavariegata Linn a review on morphology phytochemistry andpharmacological aspectsrdquo Pharmacognosy Reviews vol 4 no8 pp 147ndash152 2010

[121] A Ghani Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with ChemicalConstituents and Uses Asiatic Society of Bangladesh DhakaBangladesh 2003

[122] P Bairaj and S Nagarajan ldquoApigenin 7-O-glucuronide from theflowers of Asteracantha longifolia Neesrdquo Indian Drugs vol 19pp 150ndash152 1982

[123] V V Parashar and H Singh ldquoInvestigation of Astercanthalongifolia Neesrdquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 27 no 4pp 109ndash113 1965

[124] T R Govindachari K Nagarajan and B R Pai ldquoIsolation oflupeol from the root of Asteracantha longifolia neesrdquo IndianJournal of Scientific Research B vol 16 article 72 1957

[125] T N Misra R S Singh H S Pandey B K Singh and R PPandey ldquoConstituents of Asteracantha longifoliardquo Fitoterapiavol 72 no 2 pp 194ndash196 2001

[126] C Quasim and N L Dutta ldquoReported the prescence ofstigmasterol in the root ofAsteracantha longifoliaNeesrdquo Journalof Indian Chemical Society vol 44 article 82 1967

[127] C K Bose ldquoPossible role of Moringa oleifera Lam root inepithelial ovarian cancerrdquo Medscape General Medicine vol 9article 26 2007

[128] A P Guevara C Vargas H Sakurai et al ldquoAn antitumor pro-moter fromMoringa oleifera LamrdquoMutation ResearchGeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis vol 440 no 2 pp181ndash188 1999

[129] Atta-ur-Rahman M Shabbir S Z Sultani A Jabbar and MI Choudhary ldquoCinnamates and coumarins from the leaves ofMurraya paniculatardquo Phytochemistry vol 44 no 4 pp 683ndash685 1997

[130] J K Lin and T S Wu ldquoConstituents of flowers of Murrayapaniculatardquo Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society vol 41 no2 pp 213ndash216 1994

[131] T-S Wu M-J Liou T-T Jong Y-J Chen and J-S LaildquoIndole alkaloids and coumarins from the root bark ofMurrayapaniculata var Omphalocarpardquo Phytochemistry vol 28 no 10pp 2873ndash2874 1989

[132] T-S Wu Y-Y Chan Y-L Leu and S-C Huang ldquoA flavonoidand indole alkaloid from flowers of Murraya paniculatardquoPhytochemistry vol 37 no 1 pp 287ndash288 1994

[133] M Parimala and F G Shoba ldquoPhytochemical analysis andIn vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract ofNymphaea nouchali Burm frdquo Asian Pacific Journal of TropicalBiomedicine vol 3 no 11 pp 887ndash895 2013

[134] S R Kabir M A Zubair M Nurujjaman et al ldquoPurificationand characterization of a Ca2+-dependent novel lectin fromNymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activitiesrdquo Bio-science Reports vol 31 no 6 pp 465ndash475 2011

[135] A K M M Huq J A Jamal and J Stanslas ldquoEthnobotanicalphytochemical pharmacological and toxicological aspects of

12 International Scholarly Research Notices

Persicaria hydropiper (L) delarbrerdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2014 Article ID 78283011 pages 2014

[136] V Vadivel A Patel and H K Biesalski ldquoEffect of traditionalprocessing methods on the antioxidant 120572-amylase and 120572-glucosidase enzyme inhibition properties of Sesbania sesbanMerrill seedsrdquo CyTAmdashJournal of Food vol 10 no 2 pp 128ndash136 2012

[137] N Das P Chandran and S Chakraborty ldquoPotent spermicidaleffect of oleanolic acid 3-beta-d-glucuronide an active principleisolated from the plant Sesbania sesbanMerrillrdquo Contraceptionvol 83 no 2 pp 167ndash175 2011

[138] M Kathiresh P D Suganya andM Saravanakumar ldquoBioactivecompounds in Sesbania sesban flower and its antioxidant andantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Pharmacy Research vol 5 no1 pp 293ndash390 2012

[139] M E Barbercheck and J Wang ldquoEffect of cucurbitacin Don in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus sppsymbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodesrdquo Journal ofInvertebrate Pathology vol 68 no 2 pp 141ndash145 1996

[140] CMi JMaH Shi et al ldquo410158406-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoauroneinhibits the HIF-1120572 pathway through inhibition of AktmTORp70S6K4E-BP1 phosphorylationrdquo Journal of PharmacologicalSciences vol 125 no 2 pp 193ndash201 2014

[141] M Valyova V Hadjimitova S Stoyanov Y Ganeva and ITrayko Petkov ldquoFree radical scavenging activity of extractsfrom Bulgarian Veronica officinalis L and GC-MS analysis ofethanol extractrdquoThe Internet Journal of Aesthetic and AntiagingMedicine vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2008

[142] I Saracoglu F H Oztunca A Nagatsu and U S HarputldquoIridoid content and biological activities of Veronica cuneifoliasubsp cuneifolia and V cymbalariardquo Pharmaceutical Biologyvol 49 no 11 pp 1150ndash1157 2011

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

PainResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Volume 2014

ToxinsJournal of

VaccinesJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AntibioticsInternational Journal of

ToxicologyJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

StrokeResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Drug DeliveryJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences

Tropical MedicineJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Medicinal ChemistryInternational Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AddictionJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

BioMed Research International

Emergency Medicine InternationalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Autoimmune Diseases

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Anesthesiology Research and Practice

ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Pharmaceutics

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of

Page 10: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

10 International Scholarly Research Notices

[68] I LamprontiM T Khan N Bianchi et al ldquoBangladeshimedic-inal plant extracts inhibiting molecular interactions betweennuclear factors and target DNA sequences mimicking NF-120581Bbinding sitesrdquo Medicinal chemistry vol 1 no 4 pp 327ndash3332005

[69] S Ahmed A Rahman M Mathur M Athar and S Sul-tana ldquoAnti-tumor promoting activity of Asteracantha longifoliaagainst experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in ratsrdquo Food andChemical Toxicology vol 39 no 1 pp 19ndash28 2001

[70] R Bharali J Tabassum andM RH Azad ldquoChemomodulatoryeffect ofMoringa oleifera lam on hepatic carcinogenmetabolis-ing enzymes antioxidant parameters and skin papillomagenesisin micerdquo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention vol 4 no2 pp 131ndash139 2003

[71] M V S Parvathy and A Umamaheshwari ldquoCytotoxic effect ofMoringa oleifera leaf extracts on human multiple myeloma celllinesrdquo Trends in Medical Research vol 2 no 1 pp 44ndash50 2007

[72] L Berkovich G Earon I Ron A Rimmon A Vexler andS Lev-Ari ldquoMoringa Oleifera aqueous leaf extract down-regulates nuclear factor-120581B and increases cytotoxic effect ofchemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cellsrdquo BMCComplementaryand Alternative Medicine vol 13 article 212 2013

[73] I L Jung ldquoSoluble extract from Moringa oleifera leaves witha new anticancer activityrdquo PLoS ONE vol 9 no 4 Article IDe95492 2014

[74] L V Costa-Lotufo M T H Khan A Ather et al ldquoStudiesof the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folkmedicinerdquo Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol 99 no 1 pp 21ndash30 2005

[75] A Murakami A M Ali K Mat-Salleh K Koshimizu andH Ohigashi ldquoScreening for the in vitro anti-tumor-promotingactivities of edible plants fromMalaysiardquo Bioscience Biotechnol-ogy and Biochemistry vol 64 no 1 pp 9ndash16 2000

[76] I Lajter I Zupko J Molnar et al ldquoAntiproliferative activity ofpolygonaceae species from theCarpathian Basin against humancancer cell linesrdquo Phytotherapy Research vol 27 no 1 pp 77ndash852013

[77] J Ma Y Zi Jiang H Shi et al ldquoCucurbitacin B inhibitsthe translational expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1120572rdquoEuropean Journal of Pharmacology vol 723 no 1 pp 46ndash542014

[78] L Pan Y Yong Y Deng et al ldquoIsolation structure eluci-dation and biological evaluation of 1623-epoxycucurbitacinconstituents from eleaocarpus Chinensisrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 75 no 3 pp 444ndash452 2012

[79] S R Kim H S Seo H-S Choi et al ldquoTrichosanthes kirilowiiethanol extract and cucurbitacin D inhibit cell growth andinduce apoptosis through inhibition of STAT3 activity in breastcancer cellsrdquo Evidence-Based Complementary and AlternativeMedicine vol 2013 Article ID 975350 9 pages 2013

[80] N Takahashi Y Yoshida T Sugiura K Matsuno A Fujinoand U Yamashita ldquoCucurbitacin D isolated from Trichosantheskirilowii induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinomacells in vitrordquo International Immunopharmacology vol 9 no 4pp 508ndash513 2009

[81] D R A Mans A B Da Rocha and G Schwartsmann ldquoAnti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil targeted plantcollection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancercompoundsrdquo Oncologist vol 5 no 3 pp 185ndash198 2000

[82] L Pan H-B Chai and A D Kinghorn ldquoDiscovery of newanticancer agents from higher plantsrdquo Frontiers in Biosciencevol 4 no 1 pp 142ndash156 2012

[83] M A Jordan and L Wilson ldquoMicrotubules as a target foranticancer drugsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 4 no 4 pp 253ndash265 2004

[84] D G I Kingston ldquoTubulin-interactive natural products asanticancer agentsrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 72 no 3pp 507ndash515 2009

[85] K R Hande ldquoEtoposide four decades of development of atopoisomerase II inhibitorrdquo European Journal of Cancer vol 34no 10 pp 1514ndash1521 1998

[86] G M Cragg and D J Newman ldquoA tale of two tumor targetstopoisomerase I and tubulin The Wall and Wani contributionto cancer chemotherapyrdquo Journal of Natural Products vol 67no 2 pp 232ndash244 2004

[87] Y-H Hsiang M G Lihou and L F Liu ldquoArrest of replicationforks by drug-stabilized topoisomerase I-DNA cleavable com-plexes as a mechanism of cell killing by camptothecinrdquo CancerResearch vol 49 no 18 pp 5077ndash5082 1989

[88] D C Zhou R Zittoun and J PMarie ldquoHomoharringtonine aneffective new natural product in cancer chemotherapyrdquo Bulletindu Cancer vol 82 no 12 pp 987ndash995 1995

[89] H Itokawa X Wang and K-H Lee ldquoHomoharringtonineand related compoundsrdquo in Anticancer Agents from NaturalProducts M CraggGordon G KingstonDavid and J NewmanDavid Eds pp 47ndash70 CRCTaylor amp Francis Boca Raton FlaUSA 2005

[90] A Quintas-Cardama H Kantarjian and J Cortes ldquoHomohar-ringtonine omacetaxine mepesuccinate and chronic myeloidleukemia circa 2009rdquo Cancer vol 115 no 23 pp 5382ndash53932009

[91] B B Aggarwal C Sundaram N Malani and H IchikawaldquoCurcumin the Indian solid goldrdquo Advances in ExperimentalMedicine and Biology vol 595 pp 1ndash75 2007

[92] G Sa T Das S Banerjee and J Chakraborty ldquoCurcumin fromexotic spice to modern anticancer drugrdquo Al Ameen Journal ofMedical Sciences vol 3 no 1 pp 21ndash37 2010

[93] B B Aggarwal A Bhardwaj R S Aggarwal N P Seeram SShishodia and Y Takada ldquoRole of resveratrol in prevention andtherapy of cancer preclinical and clinical studiesrdquo AnticancerResearch vol 24 no 5 pp 2783ndash2840 2004

[94] M Athar J H Back X Tang et al ldquoResveratrol a review ofpreclinical studies for human cancer preventionrdquo Toxicologyand Applied Pharmacology vol 224 no 3 pp 274ndash283 2007

[95] A Bishayee T Politis and A S Darvesh ldquoResveratrol in thechemoprevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinomardquoCancer Treatment Reviews vol 36 no 1 pp 43ndash53 2010

[96] V Krystof and S Uldrijan ldquoCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitorsas anticancer drugsrdquoCurrent Drug Targets vol 11 no 3 pp 291ndash302 2010

[97] A M Senderowicz ldquoFlavopiridol the first cyclin-dependentkinase inhibitor in human clinical trialsrdquo Investigational NewDrugs vol 17 no 3 pp 313ndash320 1999

[98] R Li C Wang T Chen and P Chen ldquoQuantitative proteomicanalysis of cold-responsive proteins inAbelmoschus moschatusrdquoJournal of Animal amp Plant Sciences vol 14 no 3 pp 2006ndash20232012

[99] I Molfetta L Ceccarini M Macchia G Flamini and P LCioni ldquoAbelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench and AbelmoschusmoschatusMedik seeds production and analysis of the volatilecompoundsrdquo Food Chemistry vol 141 no 1 pp 34ndash40 2013

[100] M N Ahmed T Sultana M N K Azam andM RahmatullahldquoA preliminary antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity

International Scholarly Research Notices 11

evaluation of a mangrove speciesAcanthus ilicifolius L leaves inmicerdquo Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines vol 9 no 6 pp143ndash149 2014

[101] R Wostmann and G Liebezeit ldquoChemical composition of themangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae)mdashreview andadditional datardquo Senckenbergiana Maritima vol 38 no 1 pp31ndash37 2008

[102] U Kokpol V Chittawong and D H Miles ldquoChemical con-stituents of the roots of Acanthus illicifoliusrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 49 no 2 pp 355ndash356 1986

[103] K P Tiwara P KMinocha andMMasood ldquoAcanthicifolinemdasha new alkaloid from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Polish Journal ofChemistry vol 54 pp 857ndash858 1980

[104] C-H Huo B Wang W-H Lin and Y-Y Zhao ldquoBenzoxazi-nones from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Biochemical Systematics andEcology vol 33 no 6 pp 643ndash645 2005

[105] A Pakrashi and C Shaha ldquoEffect of methyl ester of aristolicacid from Aristolochia indica Linn on fertility of female micerdquoExperientia vol 34 no 9 pp 1192ndash1193 1978

[106] I Laakso T Seppanen-Laakso R Hiltunen and O EkundayoldquoComposition of the essential oil of Blumea lacera DC (Aster-aceae) leaves from Nigeriardquo Flavour and Fragrance Journal vol4 no 2 pp 73ndash75 1989

[107] S Subashini V Rameshkannan and P Mani ldquoPhytochemicaland GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from borassusflabellifer linn from rootrdquoEuropean Journal ofMolecular Biologyand Biochemistry vol 2 no 3 pp 148ndash152 2015

[108] M Guzman ldquoCannabinoids potential anticancer agentsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 3 no 10 pp 745ndash755 2003

[109] R Pandey R K Verma and M M Gupta ldquoNeo-clerodanediterpenoids from Clerodendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol66 no 6 pp 643ndash648 2005

[110] T Kanchanapoom R Kasai P Chumsri Y Hiraga and KYamasaki ldquoMegastigmane and iridoid glucosides from Clero-dendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol 58 no 2 pp 333ndash3362001

[111] S D Dubey ldquoOverview on Cucurbita maximardquo InternationalJournal of Phytopharmacy vol 2 no 3 pp 68ndash71 2012

[112] K R Dutta S Banerjee andAMitra ldquoMedicinal plants ofWestmidnapore India emphasis on phytochemical containmenthaving role on oral cancerrdquo International Journal of Phytophar-macology vol 3 no 2 pp 198ndash208 2012

[113] A Murakami M Nakashima T Koshiba et al ldquoModifyingeffects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generationfrom stimulated leukocytesrdquo Cancer Letters vol 149 no 1-2 pp115ndash123 2000

[114] S M Sundarapandian and P S Swamy ldquoLitter production andleaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropicalforests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats Indiardquo Forest Ecologyand Management vol 123 no 2-3 pp 231ndash244 1999

[115] D Gandhi and P Mehta ldquoDillenia indica Linn and Dilleniapentagyna Roxb pharmacognostic phytochemical and thera-peutic aspectsrdquo Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science vol3 no 11 pp 134ndash142 2013

[116] H Gao M Kuroyanagi L Wu N Kawahara T Yasuno and YNakamura ldquoAntitumor-promoting constituents fromDioscoreabulbifera L in JB6 mouse epidermal cellsrdquo Biological andPharmaceutical Bulletin vol 25 no 9 pp 1241ndash1243 2002

[117] J J Gao D L Cheng and X P Liu ldquoChemical constituents ofEmilia sonchifolia L DCrdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 18no 2 pp 102ndash127 1993

[118] T K Datta and P S Basu ldquoHuman erythrocyte specific lectinfrom the seeds of Indian coral tree Erythrina variegata Linnvar orientali Linn Merrillrdquo Journal of Biosciences vol 5 no 1pp 25ndash30 1983

[119] L Xiaoli W Naili W M Sau A S C Chen and Y XinshengldquoFour new isoflavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrinavariegatardquo Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 54 no 4pp 570ndash573 2006

[120] A Kumar S Lingadurai A Jain and N R Barman ldquoErythrinavariegata Linn a review on morphology phytochemistry andpharmacological aspectsrdquo Pharmacognosy Reviews vol 4 no8 pp 147ndash152 2010

[121] A Ghani Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with ChemicalConstituents and Uses Asiatic Society of Bangladesh DhakaBangladesh 2003

[122] P Bairaj and S Nagarajan ldquoApigenin 7-O-glucuronide from theflowers of Asteracantha longifolia Neesrdquo Indian Drugs vol 19pp 150ndash152 1982

[123] V V Parashar and H Singh ldquoInvestigation of Astercanthalongifolia Neesrdquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 27 no 4pp 109ndash113 1965

[124] T R Govindachari K Nagarajan and B R Pai ldquoIsolation oflupeol from the root of Asteracantha longifolia neesrdquo IndianJournal of Scientific Research B vol 16 article 72 1957

[125] T N Misra R S Singh H S Pandey B K Singh and R PPandey ldquoConstituents of Asteracantha longifoliardquo Fitoterapiavol 72 no 2 pp 194ndash196 2001

[126] C Quasim and N L Dutta ldquoReported the prescence ofstigmasterol in the root ofAsteracantha longifoliaNeesrdquo Journalof Indian Chemical Society vol 44 article 82 1967

[127] C K Bose ldquoPossible role of Moringa oleifera Lam root inepithelial ovarian cancerrdquo Medscape General Medicine vol 9article 26 2007

[128] A P Guevara C Vargas H Sakurai et al ldquoAn antitumor pro-moter fromMoringa oleifera LamrdquoMutation ResearchGeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis vol 440 no 2 pp181ndash188 1999

[129] Atta-ur-Rahman M Shabbir S Z Sultani A Jabbar and MI Choudhary ldquoCinnamates and coumarins from the leaves ofMurraya paniculatardquo Phytochemistry vol 44 no 4 pp 683ndash685 1997

[130] J K Lin and T S Wu ldquoConstituents of flowers of Murrayapaniculatardquo Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society vol 41 no2 pp 213ndash216 1994

[131] T-S Wu M-J Liou T-T Jong Y-J Chen and J-S LaildquoIndole alkaloids and coumarins from the root bark ofMurrayapaniculata var Omphalocarpardquo Phytochemistry vol 28 no 10pp 2873ndash2874 1989

[132] T-S Wu Y-Y Chan Y-L Leu and S-C Huang ldquoA flavonoidand indole alkaloid from flowers of Murraya paniculatardquoPhytochemistry vol 37 no 1 pp 287ndash288 1994

[133] M Parimala and F G Shoba ldquoPhytochemical analysis andIn vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract ofNymphaea nouchali Burm frdquo Asian Pacific Journal of TropicalBiomedicine vol 3 no 11 pp 887ndash895 2013

[134] S R Kabir M A Zubair M Nurujjaman et al ldquoPurificationand characterization of a Ca2+-dependent novel lectin fromNymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activitiesrdquo Bio-science Reports vol 31 no 6 pp 465ndash475 2011

[135] A K M M Huq J A Jamal and J Stanslas ldquoEthnobotanicalphytochemical pharmacological and toxicological aspects of

12 International Scholarly Research Notices

Persicaria hydropiper (L) delarbrerdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2014 Article ID 78283011 pages 2014

[136] V Vadivel A Patel and H K Biesalski ldquoEffect of traditionalprocessing methods on the antioxidant 120572-amylase and 120572-glucosidase enzyme inhibition properties of Sesbania sesbanMerrill seedsrdquo CyTAmdashJournal of Food vol 10 no 2 pp 128ndash136 2012

[137] N Das P Chandran and S Chakraborty ldquoPotent spermicidaleffect of oleanolic acid 3-beta-d-glucuronide an active principleisolated from the plant Sesbania sesbanMerrillrdquo Contraceptionvol 83 no 2 pp 167ndash175 2011

[138] M Kathiresh P D Suganya andM Saravanakumar ldquoBioactivecompounds in Sesbania sesban flower and its antioxidant andantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Pharmacy Research vol 5 no1 pp 293ndash390 2012

[139] M E Barbercheck and J Wang ldquoEffect of cucurbitacin Don in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus sppsymbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodesrdquo Journal ofInvertebrate Pathology vol 68 no 2 pp 141ndash145 1996

[140] CMi JMaH Shi et al ldquo410158406-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoauroneinhibits the HIF-1120572 pathway through inhibition of AktmTORp70S6K4E-BP1 phosphorylationrdquo Journal of PharmacologicalSciences vol 125 no 2 pp 193ndash201 2014

[141] M Valyova V Hadjimitova S Stoyanov Y Ganeva and ITrayko Petkov ldquoFree radical scavenging activity of extractsfrom Bulgarian Veronica officinalis L and GC-MS analysis ofethanol extractrdquoThe Internet Journal of Aesthetic and AntiagingMedicine vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2008

[142] I Saracoglu F H Oztunca A Nagatsu and U S HarputldquoIridoid content and biological activities of Veronica cuneifoliasubsp cuneifolia and V cymbalariardquo Pharmaceutical Biologyvol 49 no 11 pp 1150ndash1157 2011

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

PainResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Volume 2014

ToxinsJournal of

VaccinesJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AntibioticsInternational Journal of

ToxicologyJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

StrokeResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Drug DeliveryJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences

Tropical MedicineJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Medicinal ChemistryInternational Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AddictionJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

BioMed Research International

Emergency Medicine InternationalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Autoimmune Diseases

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Anesthesiology Research and Practice

ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Pharmaceutics

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of

Page 11: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

International Scholarly Research Notices 11

evaluation of a mangrove speciesAcanthus ilicifolius L leaves inmicerdquo Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines vol 9 no 6 pp143ndash149 2014

[101] R Wostmann and G Liebezeit ldquoChemical composition of themangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae)mdashreview andadditional datardquo Senckenbergiana Maritima vol 38 no 1 pp31ndash37 2008

[102] U Kokpol V Chittawong and D H Miles ldquoChemical con-stituents of the roots of Acanthus illicifoliusrdquo Journal of NaturalProducts vol 49 no 2 pp 355ndash356 1986

[103] K P Tiwara P KMinocha andMMasood ldquoAcanthicifolinemdasha new alkaloid from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Polish Journal ofChemistry vol 54 pp 857ndash858 1980

[104] C-H Huo B Wang W-H Lin and Y-Y Zhao ldquoBenzoxazi-nones from Acanthus ilicifoliusrdquo Biochemical Systematics andEcology vol 33 no 6 pp 643ndash645 2005

[105] A Pakrashi and C Shaha ldquoEffect of methyl ester of aristolicacid from Aristolochia indica Linn on fertility of female micerdquoExperientia vol 34 no 9 pp 1192ndash1193 1978

[106] I Laakso T Seppanen-Laakso R Hiltunen and O EkundayoldquoComposition of the essential oil of Blumea lacera DC (Aster-aceae) leaves from Nigeriardquo Flavour and Fragrance Journal vol4 no 2 pp 73ndash75 1989

[107] S Subashini V Rameshkannan and P Mani ldquoPhytochemicaland GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from borassusflabellifer linn from rootrdquoEuropean Journal ofMolecular Biologyand Biochemistry vol 2 no 3 pp 148ndash152 2015

[108] M Guzman ldquoCannabinoids potential anticancer agentsrdquoNature Reviews Cancer vol 3 no 10 pp 745ndash755 2003

[109] R Pandey R K Verma and M M Gupta ldquoNeo-clerodanediterpenoids from Clerodendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol66 no 6 pp 643ndash648 2005

[110] T Kanchanapoom R Kasai P Chumsri Y Hiraga and KYamasaki ldquoMegastigmane and iridoid glucosides from Clero-dendrum inermerdquo Phytochemistry vol 58 no 2 pp 333ndash3362001

[111] S D Dubey ldquoOverview on Cucurbita maximardquo InternationalJournal of Phytopharmacy vol 2 no 3 pp 68ndash71 2012

[112] K R Dutta S Banerjee andAMitra ldquoMedicinal plants ofWestmidnapore India emphasis on phytochemical containmenthaving role on oral cancerrdquo International Journal of Phytophar-macology vol 3 no 2 pp 198ndash208 2012

[113] A Murakami M Nakashima T Koshiba et al ldquoModifyingeffects of carotenoids on superoxide and nitric oxide generationfrom stimulated leukocytesrdquo Cancer Letters vol 149 no 1-2 pp115ndash123 2000

[114] S M Sundarapandian and P S Swamy ldquoLitter production andleaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropicalforests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats Indiardquo Forest Ecologyand Management vol 123 no 2-3 pp 231ndash244 1999

[115] D Gandhi and P Mehta ldquoDillenia indica Linn and Dilleniapentagyna Roxb pharmacognostic phytochemical and thera-peutic aspectsrdquo Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science vol3 no 11 pp 134ndash142 2013

[116] H Gao M Kuroyanagi L Wu N Kawahara T Yasuno and YNakamura ldquoAntitumor-promoting constituents fromDioscoreabulbifera L in JB6 mouse epidermal cellsrdquo Biological andPharmaceutical Bulletin vol 25 no 9 pp 1241ndash1243 2002

[117] J J Gao D L Cheng and X P Liu ldquoChemical constituents ofEmilia sonchifolia L DCrdquo Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi vol 18no 2 pp 102ndash127 1993

[118] T K Datta and P S Basu ldquoHuman erythrocyte specific lectinfrom the seeds of Indian coral tree Erythrina variegata Linnvar orientali Linn Merrillrdquo Journal of Biosciences vol 5 no 1pp 25ndash30 1983

[119] L Xiaoli W Naili W M Sau A S C Chen and Y XinshengldquoFour new isoflavonoids from the stem bark of Erythrinavariegatardquo Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin vol 54 no 4pp 570ndash573 2006

[120] A Kumar S Lingadurai A Jain and N R Barman ldquoErythrinavariegata Linn a review on morphology phytochemistry andpharmacological aspectsrdquo Pharmacognosy Reviews vol 4 no8 pp 147ndash152 2010

[121] A Ghani Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with ChemicalConstituents and Uses Asiatic Society of Bangladesh DhakaBangladesh 2003

[122] P Bairaj and S Nagarajan ldquoApigenin 7-O-glucuronide from theflowers of Asteracantha longifolia Neesrdquo Indian Drugs vol 19pp 150ndash152 1982

[123] V V Parashar and H Singh ldquoInvestigation of Astercanthalongifolia Neesrdquo Indian Journal of Pharmacology vol 27 no 4pp 109ndash113 1965

[124] T R Govindachari K Nagarajan and B R Pai ldquoIsolation oflupeol from the root of Asteracantha longifolia neesrdquo IndianJournal of Scientific Research B vol 16 article 72 1957

[125] T N Misra R S Singh H S Pandey B K Singh and R PPandey ldquoConstituents of Asteracantha longifoliardquo Fitoterapiavol 72 no 2 pp 194ndash196 2001

[126] C Quasim and N L Dutta ldquoReported the prescence ofstigmasterol in the root ofAsteracantha longifoliaNeesrdquo Journalof Indian Chemical Society vol 44 article 82 1967

[127] C K Bose ldquoPossible role of Moringa oleifera Lam root inepithelial ovarian cancerrdquo Medscape General Medicine vol 9article 26 2007

[128] A P Guevara C Vargas H Sakurai et al ldquoAn antitumor pro-moter fromMoringa oleifera LamrdquoMutation ResearchGeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis vol 440 no 2 pp181ndash188 1999

[129] Atta-ur-Rahman M Shabbir S Z Sultani A Jabbar and MI Choudhary ldquoCinnamates and coumarins from the leaves ofMurraya paniculatardquo Phytochemistry vol 44 no 4 pp 683ndash685 1997

[130] J K Lin and T S Wu ldquoConstituents of flowers of Murrayapaniculatardquo Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society vol 41 no2 pp 213ndash216 1994

[131] T-S Wu M-J Liou T-T Jong Y-J Chen and J-S LaildquoIndole alkaloids and coumarins from the root bark ofMurrayapaniculata var Omphalocarpardquo Phytochemistry vol 28 no 10pp 2873ndash2874 1989

[132] T-S Wu Y-Y Chan Y-L Leu and S-C Huang ldquoA flavonoidand indole alkaloid from flowers of Murraya paniculatardquoPhytochemistry vol 37 no 1 pp 287ndash288 1994

[133] M Parimala and F G Shoba ldquoPhytochemical analysis andIn vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract ofNymphaea nouchali Burm frdquo Asian Pacific Journal of TropicalBiomedicine vol 3 no 11 pp 887ndash895 2013

[134] S R Kabir M A Zubair M Nurujjaman et al ldquoPurificationand characterization of a Ca2+-dependent novel lectin fromNymphaea nouchali tuber with antiproliferative activitiesrdquo Bio-science Reports vol 31 no 6 pp 465ndash475 2011

[135] A K M M Huq J A Jamal and J Stanslas ldquoEthnobotanicalphytochemical pharmacological and toxicological aspects of

12 International Scholarly Research Notices

Persicaria hydropiper (L) delarbrerdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2014 Article ID 78283011 pages 2014

[136] V Vadivel A Patel and H K Biesalski ldquoEffect of traditionalprocessing methods on the antioxidant 120572-amylase and 120572-glucosidase enzyme inhibition properties of Sesbania sesbanMerrill seedsrdquo CyTAmdashJournal of Food vol 10 no 2 pp 128ndash136 2012

[137] N Das P Chandran and S Chakraborty ldquoPotent spermicidaleffect of oleanolic acid 3-beta-d-glucuronide an active principleisolated from the plant Sesbania sesbanMerrillrdquo Contraceptionvol 83 no 2 pp 167ndash175 2011

[138] M Kathiresh P D Suganya andM Saravanakumar ldquoBioactivecompounds in Sesbania sesban flower and its antioxidant andantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Pharmacy Research vol 5 no1 pp 293ndash390 2012

[139] M E Barbercheck and J Wang ldquoEffect of cucurbitacin Don in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus sppsymbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodesrdquo Journal ofInvertebrate Pathology vol 68 no 2 pp 141ndash145 1996

[140] CMi JMaH Shi et al ldquo410158406-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoauroneinhibits the HIF-1120572 pathway through inhibition of AktmTORp70S6K4E-BP1 phosphorylationrdquo Journal of PharmacologicalSciences vol 125 no 2 pp 193ndash201 2014

[141] M Valyova V Hadjimitova S Stoyanov Y Ganeva and ITrayko Petkov ldquoFree radical scavenging activity of extractsfrom Bulgarian Veronica officinalis L and GC-MS analysis ofethanol extractrdquoThe Internet Journal of Aesthetic and AntiagingMedicine vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2008

[142] I Saracoglu F H Oztunca A Nagatsu and U S HarputldquoIridoid content and biological activities of Veronica cuneifoliasubsp cuneifolia and V cymbalariardquo Pharmaceutical Biologyvol 49 no 11 pp 1150ndash1157 2011

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

PainResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Volume 2014

ToxinsJournal of

VaccinesJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AntibioticsInternational Journal of

ToxicologyJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

StrokeResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Drug DeliveryJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences

Tropical MedicineJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Medicinal ChemistryInternational Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AddictionJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

BioMed Research International

Emergency Medicine InternationalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Autoimmune Diseases

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Anesthesiology Research and Practice

ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Pharmaceutics

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of

Page 12: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

12 International Scholarly Research Notices

Persicaria hydropiper (L) delarbrerdquo Evidence-Based Comple-mentary and Alternative Medicine vol 2014 Article ID 78283011 pages 2014

[136] V Vadivel A Patel and H K Biesalski ldquoEffect of traditionalprocessing methods on the antioxidant 120572-amylase and 120572-glucosidase enzyme inhibition properties of Sesbania sesbanMerrill seedsrdquo CyTAmdashJournal of Food vol 10 no 2 pp 128ndash136 2012

[137] N Das P Chandran and S Chakraborty ldquoPotent spermicidaleffect of oleanolic acid 3-beta-d-glucuronide an active principleisolated from the plant Sesbania sesbanMerrillrdquo Contraceptionvol 83 no 2 pp 167ndash175 2011

[138] M Kathiresh P D Suganya andM Saravanakumar ldquoBioactivecompounds in Sesbania sesban flower and its antioxidant andantimicrobial activityrdquo Journal of Pharmacy Research vol 5 no1 pp 293ndash390 2012

[139] M E Barbercheck and J Wang ldquoEffect of cucurbitacin Don in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus sppsymbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodesrdquo Journal ofInvertebrate Pathology vol 68 no 2 pp 141ndash145 1996

[140] CMi JMaH Shi et al ldquo410158406-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoauroneinhibits the HIF-1120572 pathway through inhibition of AktmTORp70S6K4E-BP1 phosphorylationrdquo Journal of PharmacologicalSciences vol 125 no 2 pp 193ndash201 2014

[141] M Valyova V Hadjimitova S Stoyanov Y Ganeva and ITrayko Petkov ldquoFree radical scavenging activity of extractsfrom Bulgarian Veronica officinalis L and GC-MS analysis ofethanol extractrdquoThe Internet Journal of Aesthetic and AntiagingMedicine vol 2 no 1 pp 1ndash4 2008

[142] I Saracoglu F H Oztunca A Nagatsu and U S HarputldquoIridoid content and biological activities of Veronica cuneifoliasubsp cuneifolia and V cymbalariardquo Pharmaceutical Biologyvol 49 no 11 pp 1150ndash1157 2011

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

PainResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Volume 2014

ToxinsJournal of

VaccinesJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AntibioticsInternational Journal of

ToxicologyJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

StrokeResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Drug DeliveryJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences

Tropical MedicineJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Medicinal ChemistryInternational Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AddictionJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

BioMed Research International

Emergency Medicine InternationalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Autoimmune Diseases

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Anesthesiology Research and Practice

ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Pharmaceutics

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of

Page 13: Research Article Appraisals of Bangladeshi Medicinal ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/7832120.pdfBangladesh, namely, Jessore, Khulna, and Narail. Jessore district geographically

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

PainResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Volume 2014

ToxinsJournal of

VaccinesJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AntibioticsInternational Journal of

ToxicologyJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

StrokeResearch and TreatmentHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Drug DeliveryJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences

Tropical MedicineJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Medicinal ChemistryInternational Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

AddictionJournal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

BioMed Research International

Emergency Medicine InternationalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Autoimmune Diseases

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Anesthesiology Research and Practice

ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Pharmaceutics

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

MEDIATORSINFLAMMATION

of


Result of Admisson Test 2017-18 A Unit - WordPress.com SHAIKH SABBIR HOSSAIN 50.18 1203 Result of Admisson Test 2017-18 A Unit Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-

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INDIAN STATISTICAL INSTITUTEadmission/IsiAdmission2016/Prospectus2016.pdfbangladesh institute of development studies, birsa agricultural university, chennai mathematical institute

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Md. Murad Hossain Assistant Teacher Fazilatunessa Secondary Girls High School. Kalia, Narail

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Environmental Assessment (EA) of Jessore Software Technology (IT

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সেকেন্ডারি - SESIP | Secondary Education Sector ...sesip.gov.bd/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Jessore-Final.pdfMd. Mofazzel Hossain Assistant Professor, Bangla Jessore

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ORGANIZED BY: Dept. of social work jessore govt. city college,jessore

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SAREGAMA India Limited, 33, Jessore Road, Dum Dum, Kolkata … · SAREGAMA India Limited, 33, Jessore Road, Dum Dum, Kolkata - 700 028, India. ... Sub: 1. Annual Report for the financial

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