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Research Gaps in Food and Nutrition Security Across Africa
Richmond AryeeteyUniversity of Ghana School of Public Health
3 Billion
Poor Quality Diets
3-16% GDP loss
Undernutrition: Africa & Asia
3 – 6 million cases
Nigeria (2011-2030)
Key challenges of Food & Nutrition Security
(IFPRI, 2016; Global Panel, 2016)
Generate new evidence
Manage and Use existing
evidence
Assumptions about research
Research
Evidence
Better decisions
Broader evidence landscape
Case studies in Ghanaian context
Evidence Synthesi
s
Evidence landscape
Utilization for Decision making
New Research(applied)
New research(basic)
Strengthen qualityFormalize evidence
use Share evidencePromote use of
evidenceDemand
Existing research Data& findings
generate manage translate use
“Level of evidence” pyramid
GOLDEN STANDARD
GAPS in EVIDENCE Landscape
–Substantial duplication of research effort–Research not adequately linked with local
priorities–Research was driven by external parties –Research and policy community not linked
Lachat et al 2014, Holdsworth et al, 2014)
Identifying nutrition problems, agenda-setting, commitment-building, and priority-setting at all levels
Coordination, alignment and collaboration in assessments, analytics, planning, implementation and evaluation
Accessing information on potential nutrition-specific interventions, nutrition sensitive actions, programs, policies, and implementation innovations
Adopting, adapting and designing actions andinnovations
Detailed implementation planning,guidelines, commodities, training manuals, job aids..
Mobilizing human, financial and organizational resources
Initiating, managing and expanding implementation
Monitoring, evaluating, learning, adapting, sustaining and/or terminating
ImplementationCapacitiesProcedures,Practices,PoliciesImplementationKnowledge PortfolioEvidence,Information,Guidelines,Experience
The Roles of Implementation Knowledge and Capacities (in the Implementation Spectrum)
Credit: David Pelletier
Food and Nutrition Research landscape in Ghana
• Micronutrient deficiencies• Epidemiology of undernutrition focused on children• Limited attention to nutrition of women and adolescents
Focus on undernutrition
• Focused on epidemiology of overweight/obesity• Limited evidence on diets, food environment & behaviors• Experiments testing interventions are rare
Emerging attention on over-nutrition
• Focused on social safety nets and nutrition-sensitive food security
• Limited evidence on harnessing poverty alleviation programs to address nutrition
•
Emerging attention to nutrition
sensitive research
N
UTR
ITIO
N L
INKS
1. Gaps identified in Nutrition Links Project• How can effective
strategies in nutrition sensitive agriculture work in one setting but not in another?
Replicating success
• What strategies are needed to promote inter-institutional planning and programming between health and agriculture?
Delivery mechanisms
• Integration of data systems across Agriculture, health, nutrition, livelihoods?
• Quality of routine data• Strenthening use
District Data systems
2. Priority research gaps in Nutrition in Ghana
Behavioural issues
•Understanding traditional diets•Socio-cultural influences on diet and nutrition•Social and behaviour change•Dynamics of complementary feeding
Implementation issues
•Local context evidence for recommended actions•Implementation gaps•How social norms influence intervention uptake
Anemia (women and children), Stunting, iodine deficiency disorders, zinc deficiency and diarria
3. Research Gaps relating to healthy diets in GhanaWeak contextual evidence for developing
food-based dietary guidelines
Food consumption behaviour• Portion sizes• Eating habits
Understanding of the food environment• Food access• Food composition
Drivers of food choice
4. SUN Movement Nutrition Research GapsNutrition capacity
•Mapping capacity in nutrition •Building nutrition capacity in non-health sectors•Deploying nutrition training through community institutions eg banks
Nutrition sensitive interventions
•How to make social protection programs work for nutrition •Promoting uptake and scale up of nutrition-sensitive solutions eg OFSP, ODF
Working together
•Understanding best mechanisms for working together across sectors•How to build and sustain transformational leadership in multi-sectoral teams
Food and nutrition data systems to monitor progress
Conclusions
• There is need for attention to broader evidence pipeline
• Leadership is needed at country level to manage food and nutrition security research across sectors
• Need to recognize the contextual differences within countries and to focus attention on understanding subnational gaps in evidence