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8/12/2019 Research in Homeopathy - What Basic We Need to Know
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Research in HomeopathyWhat Basic We Need to Know
Dr. Saurav Arora
BHMS (DLI), Gold Medalist
Senior Research Fellow (CCRH)Founder: Initiative to Promote Research in
Homeopathy
www.audesapere.in
http://www.audesapere.in/http://www.audesapere.in/8/12/2019 Research in Homeopathy - What Basic We Need to Know
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Problems associated with Research
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Problems associated with Research
Poor motivation
Wrong approach
Inadequate exposure to research
Inaccessibility to published research
Lack of Expertise
Scarce resources
Manpower
Funds
Institutional support
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Research Awareness
Research Literacy
Research Proficiency/Understanding
Research Expertise
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Aim of this workshop
By the end of this interaction, you should beable to learn:
Basics about research in homeopathy (need)
Research question and hypothesis generation
Literature review
Brief about research methods and scientificattitude
Evidence level
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For easy comprehension and detailed
discussion.
Let us discuss one by one
Basics about Research in Homeopathy
(Need) Research Question and Hypothesis
generation
Literature Review
Brief about Research methods andScientific attitude
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Basics about Researchin Homeopathy
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Why Research: Open Discussion!
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Research.
Research has many definitions.
It is the exploration for answers of unanswered questions.
The systematic investigation into and study of materials andsources in order to establish facts and reach conclusion
Systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and controlthe observed phenomenon
Search, verify, present and predict
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Why Research in Homeopathy
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Why Research in Homeopathy
Since the discovery of Homeopathy in 1796 it has been useduniversally, because of its affordability, availability, easierapplicability and no side effects.
It is gaining popularity due to clinical effectiveness.
But it faces controversies for
Its mode of action,
Lack of standardization in preparation/ prescription/dissemination.
Physico-chemical nature of ultra high diluted medicines
Effectiveness of homeopathy in various disease conditions etc.
To address such issues Research is the
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Why to Understand Research
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Why to Understand Research
To Read Research
To Evaluate Research
To Protect Ourselves From Quacks
To Be a Better Physician
To Be a Better Thinker
To Be Scientifically Literate
To Do Your Own Research
To have a Name
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What benefits one can get ????
Research is usually considered as a dry subjectand
Many a time people ask what are benefits to
invest so much of time and brain in research?
The answer is
Your contribution and support towards science
Satisfaction you get
In addition..
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In addition.
Name, fame and experience
Skill development
We can actually feel the struggle our stalwarts went throughto make homeopathy acceptable.
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Where to start thinking?? Or Where is
my cup of tea??
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Research needs
A spark
An idea
An observation
A hypothesis
An establish fact you want to testify
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Decision lies on the level of
research literacy one has
Level of Evidence in Research
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Now let us move to.
Research Question and Hypothesis
generation
Literature Review
Brief about Research methods andScientific attitude
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Research Question and
Hypothesis Generation
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A research question is from
Area of interest
Area of choice
Area of uncertainty
Observed Phenomenon
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A good research question should
meet the FINER criteria
Feasible
Interesting
Novel
Ethical
Relevant
FINER
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The Research Hypothesis (H1)
The research hypothesis is a formal affirmative statement
predicting a single research outcome a tentative explanation of the
relationship between two or morevariables
is directional
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Deduction and Induction
Deduction
Induction
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Possible Outcomes inHypothesis Testing
True False
Accept
Reject
Correct
CorrectError
Error
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Possible Outcomes in
Hypothesis TestingTrue False
Accept
Reject
CorrectDecision
Correct
DecisionError
Error
Type I Error
Type II Error
Type I Error: Rejecting a True Hypothesis
Type II Error: Accepting a False Hypothesis
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Now its time to move to..
Literature Review
Brief about Research methods andScientific attitude
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Literature Review
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The Literature Review
The review of the literature is defined as
A broad
Comprehensive
In-depth
Systematic, and
Critical review of
Scholarly publications, unpublished scholarly printmaterials, audiovisual materials, and personalcommunications.
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Relationship Of Review Of Literature To Theory,
Research, Education And Practice
30
Research
PracticeEducation
Theory
Review ofLiterature
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Purposes of Literature Review
Discovering knowledgeDetermines
What is known about a subject and what is not known
Duplicity of work
Gaps, consistencies & inconsistenciesStrengths & weaknesses of earlier work
An appropriate research design/method (instruments, datacollection and analysis methods)
The need for replication of a well designed study or refinementof a study
Provides motivation for future work.
There is no point spending time and energy for work already done, but yes
you may re-test it!
31
l id li
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General Guidelines to
Writing a Literature Review
Sit with an aim to point out a major research topic ratherthan a global problem.
For example: Number of Homoeopaths in all countries vs. No. of
Homoeopaths in India.
Discuss the topic with your peers, colleagues and mentors.
Dont attempt to cover everything - Pick out the mostrelevant research.
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Where to Start??
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Offline Resources
Journals
Books
Thesis
Dissertations
Unpublished reports
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Online Resources Biomedical Search
Engines
Source Link
Pubmed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
ScienceDirect http://www.sciencedirect.com/
Wiley Online Library http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/
Google Scholar http://scholar.google.co.in/
Microsoft Academic Research http://academic.research.micros
oft.com/
Mendeley (free referencemanager and academic socialnetwork)
http://www.mendeley.com/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/http://www.sciencedirect.com/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/http://scholar.google.co.in/http://academic.research.microsoft.com/http://academic.research.microsoft.com/http://academic.research.microsoft.com/http://www.mendeley.com/http://www.mendeley.com/http://academic.research.microsoft.com/http://scholar.google.co.in/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/http://www.sciencedirect.com/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8/12/2019 Research in Homeopathy - What Basic We Need to Know
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Homeopathic Databases
Source Link
CAM-QUEST: Quick-Finder forHomeopathy and other types ofcomplementary medicine
www.cam-quest.org/en/
Homeopathy Research Institute(HRI)
www.homeoinst.org
Institute for the History of Medicine www.igm-bosch.de/content
International Journal of High
Dilution Research (IJHDR)
www.feg.unesp.br/~ojs/index
.php/ijhdr/indexVeterinary Research Database homeopathicvet.org
Database of Scientific Publicationsin Homeopathy
www.audesapere.in
http://www.cam-quest.org/en/http://www.homeoinst.org/http://www.igm-bosch.de/content/language2/html/index.asphttp://www.igm-bosch.de/content/language2/html/index.asphttp://www.feg.unesp.br/~ojs/index.php/ijhdr/indexhttp://www.feg.unesp.br/~ojs/index.php/ijhdr/indexhttp://homeopathicvet.org/Veterinary_Research_into_Homeopathy/Welcome.htmlhttp://www.audesapere.in/http://www.audesapere.in/http://homeopathicvet.org/Veterinary_Research_into_Homeopathy/Welcome.htmlhttp://www.feg.unesp.br/~ojs/index.php/ijhdr/indexhttp://www.igm-bosch.de/content/language2/html/index.asphttp://www.homeoinst.org/http://www.cam-quest.org/en/8/12/2019 Research in Homeopathy - What Basic We Need to Know
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The Search in Over.. Now what??
Organize Your Search Results
Topical Order organize as per main problem and its results
Chronological Orderby the dates the research was published
Problem-Cause-Solution OrderProblem to the solution
General-to-Specific Order(Also called the funnel approach)Examine broad-based research first and then focus on specificstudies that relate to the topic
Specific-to-General OrderTry to make discuss specific researchstudies so conclusions can be drawn
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S.
No.
Title Author Citation
(Journal/Vol/PagNo.)
Salient
Points
Organizing Your Literature Review
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Search Cite but Dont Misuse
Plagiarism includes
1. Using another writers words without proper citation2. Using another writers ideas without proper citation
3. Citing a source but reproducing the exact wordwithout quotation marks4. Borrowing the structure of another authors
phrases/sentences without giving the source
5. Borrowing all or part of another students paper6. Using paper-writing service or having a friend writethe paper
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Brief about Scientific
Research methods andScientific attitude
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Preliminary Step
After Learning Why Research in Important
Identifying Area of Interest
Research Question
Literature Review
Formulating Objectives
The time is to learn about Research Methods
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Scientific Method, and Research
By definition Research is methodical
It should be undertaken using scientific
methodsScientific Method
involves the principles and processes onset norms
process or approach to generating valid
and trustworthy knowledge
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Scientific Method, and Research
Research Methods(Methodology)
The ways one collects and analyzesdata
Methods developed for acquiring
trustworthy knowledge via reliableand valid procedures
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Outline of Research Process
Phase 1: essential first steps
Phase 2: data collection
Phase 3: analysis and interpretation
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Broadly
The research goes like this: Research Question
Specific Objective(s)
Preparation of Protocol
Data Collection
Data Analysis and Interpretation
Data Reporting (Publication)
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Structure of Research
begin with broad questions
narrow down, focus in
operationalize
OBSERVE
analyze data
reach conclusions
generalize back to questions
The "hourglass" notion of research
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Important Factors in Research
Objective(s)
Variable
any observation that can take ondifferent values
Attribute
a specific value on a variable
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A Research Report
A Research Report shouldgenerallyinclude:
Statement of problem
Review of relevant literature
Statement of hypothesis or research objectives
Description of research design
Selection and operationalization of variables
Description of sample selection procedure
Description of how data was collected
Data presented and summarised in words Conclusion, limitations, and implications
Bibliography or references cited
Appendices
Last but not the least I know many
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Last but not the least.I know many
things.. What Should I Do Now?
Share your idea with person(s) you trust
Invite their suggestions, comments and criticism
Alone one cannot do research so Make a team
The team should consist at least one statisticianPlan your research and prepare a time line
Divide the work according to expertise of each member ofteam
Discuss it with team from time to time
Follow the time line strictly
Identify a Mentor
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Leave you valuable feedback at
www.audesapere.in/contact [email protected]
http://www.audesapere.in/contactmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.audesapere.in/contact