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Research Methodology
For AEP
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Tuyet Mai
HÀ NỘI 12/2015
Key Objectives
Understand the importance of doing research
Understand the main steps in the research process
Understand the main content of a research report
Why doing research?
?
4
The Purpose of Research
To review and synthesize existing knowledge To investigate some existing situation or
problem To provide solutions to a problem To explore and analyze more general issues To explain a new phenomenon To generate new knowledge A combination of the above …
5
The Research Process
6
Identify research topic1
Define R. problem & objectives2Determine how to conduct research 3
Collect research data4Analyze and interpret research data5Write and present research results6
Steps in the Research Process
7
Topic (general area of interest) needs to be narrowed down to a specific issue/problem
Sources of research topics/problems: Personal experience Information provided by practitioners Media (general & business/professional) Personal reading of the literature Views of previous researchers …
Identifying a Research Topic/Defining a Research Problem
8
Researcher’s ability/interest Value/scope of the research
Does it address a theoretical problem or a problem in the realm of practice?
Is it “re-inventing the wheel” (i.e., are you sure that it requires primary research and not just good information retrieval)
Access to required data Time required Financial support
Issues Relevant to Determining a
Good Research Topic
9
Define the problem
“ a problem well defined is half-solved” If we try to find best solutions for a
not correct problem what happens???
10
Establish Research Objectives
What information is needed to solve the problem?
Problem
11
Identifying a research problem
Specific issues should be considered The availability of data Knowledge gaps Time and cost constraints Stating the research problem:
My research project is about….
Evaluation of debit card services at Bank X
12
Determining the objectives of the research
What the objectives or aims of the research will be?
E.g., This research project aims to achieve the following objectives.
1. To understand…2. To identify …3. To evaluate…4. …
13
Identify research topic1
Define R problem & objectives2Determine how to conduct research (theories & design)3
Collect research data4Analyze and interpret research data5Write and present research results6
Steps in the Research Process
Theoretical Background Which theories/concepts/models should be used to frame
the research project? Example of theories and models in business:
Motivation theories Service quality & customer satisfaction (in banking
industry) Branding theory Hofstede’s (1980) cultural dimensions ...
How about in the fields of marketing, accounting. finance & banking field?
15
Identify research topic1
Define R problem & objectives2Determine how to conduct research (theories & design)3
Collect research data4Analyze and interpret research data5Write and present research results6
Steps in the Research Process
16
Determine Research Design
Research types by increasing level of sophistication
1. Exploratory Research2. Descriptive Research3. Analytical/explanatory Research4. Predictive Research (Causal Research)
17
Identify Information Types and Sources
Secondary Data Primary Data
18
Determine Methods of Accessing Data
Accessing Secondary Data: Internal one: company records,... External one: library, CD- Rom,...
Accessing Primary Data: Observation, focus group, in-depth
interview Surveys
Research Methods
Quantitative methods Qualitative methods
Focus groupsIn-depth
interviews
Survey
ProjectiveObservation
Experiment
Mô hình KT lượng
Qualitative Methods In-depth interview
When to use? Key concerns?
Focus group
Quantitative Methods: Survey
Key issues: Questionnaire design Sampling method and sample size Data collection methods
23
Identify research topic1
Define R. problem & objectives2Determine how to conduct research 3
Collect research data4Analyze and interpret research data5Write and present research results6
Steps in the Research Process
24
Collect Data
Discussion
Key concerns when collecting data in Vietnam: Secondary data Primary data
Solutions?
26
Identify research topic1
Define R. problem & objectives2Determine how to conduct research 3
Collect research data4Analyze and interpret research data5Write and present thesis/project report6
Steps in the Research Process
27
Analyze the Data
Coding Entering the Data in to the
computer Analyzing Data
28
Identify research topic1
Define R. problem & objectives2Determine how to conduct research 3
Collect research data4Analyze and interpret research data5Write and present research results6
Steps in the Research Process
29
Write and Present the Research Result
Prepare the final written Report Present the Research Report
Writing the Research Report
Suggested report structureTable of Contents
Include key headings Give page numbers for every section Be sure it looks professional
It’s where evaluators often look at! What can you see from the Table of
Content?
Suggested report structure Acknowledgements
This is where you “thank” the people who helped you -- your sponsor, your supervisors, your family/supporters
Be generous! It is OK to thank many people for helping you get through the project
Suggested report structure Executive Summary
Should be 2-3 pages maximum Should include ALL the key parts of the
reports: Objectives of the project Theoretical background Research Methods Results Recommendations
It may be the only part that some people read!
Suggested report structure Chapter I: Introduction
Provides the background on why the project was important to do
Also provides the objectives for the project The project has three objectives:
to examine the market for ..... to assess costs and benefits of ..... to evaluate debit card services of....
Suggested report structure Chapter 2: Theoretical Background
Explain key theories/concepts/models used in your research as theoretical background
Do not ‘copy’ and ‘paste’ from textbooks! Provide citations when appropriate
Suggested report structure Chapter 3: Research Methodology
Types of information that you needed Ways you collected information
Secondary sources (reports, other data) Primary sources (surveys, interviews, etc ...)
Description of data Sample, response rates
How you analyzed the information Statistics, creating tables
Suggested report structure Chapter 4: Results
What you found from your investigation
The results should refer back to each objective The findings from the investigation relate to
each of the objectives, stated below: Objective 1: to determine the costs and
benefits ... The information showed that ....
Suggested report structure Chapter 5: Conclusions &
Recommendations
Conclusions (if appropriate) Summarize the findings
Recommendations what actions should/could the
Co./organization take justification for the recommendations: link
to the findings
Suggested report structure References
Pay attention to the format required
Suggested report structure Appendices
Appendix A: Forms for collecting data surveys and interview questions
Appendix B: Data analysis done Appendix C: Tables Appendix D: Figures and Graphs Appendix E: Other supporting materials
What is a Good Report?
Final Report:GOOD & NOT GOOD POINTS
Good Cover the main issues
in sufficient depth and detail
Provide well-structured report
Provide arguments & evidence
Provide sources of Provide sources of informationinformation (in text and in reference list)
Well written & good layout
Not good Concept misunderstanding
(e.g., quanti. vs. quali. aspect) Be poorly structured (e.g. lack
intro. and/or conclusion; unclear transition), no focus
Lack evidence Lack sources of information Writing style: use of one-
sentence paragraph, ‘copied’ tables
Spelling and grammar mistakes
Inconsistency in format
Identify research topic1
Define research problem2
Determine how to conduct research 3
Collect research data4
Analyze and interpret research data5
Write and present research results6
Steps in the Research Process
Love what you do
The most common ingredient for success is that people love what they are doing.