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Research Methodology
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ilyas
Formulating a research
problem
ConceptualizingA research
design
Constructing instrumentFor datacollection
SelectingA sample
Writing researchproposal
collecting data
ConsiderationAnd steps inFormulating
Research problem
Variables and hypotheses
Study design
Validity and Reliability of
Research tools
Research designfunctions
Processing data
Writing a research
report
Literature review
Methods andTools of data
collection
Sampling theorydesigns
Contents of theResearch proposal
FieldsTest of theResearch
Too;
Methods ofData
processing
Principles ofScientific
writing
EditingOf thedata
DevelopingA
Code book
Coding
Operational steps Required theoretical Knowledge Required intermediary knowledge
The research Process
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Research Methods
Reviewing the literature
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Reasons for reviewing the Literature
Bring clarity and focus to your research problem
Improve your methodology Broaden your knowledge base in your
research area
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Procedure for reviewing the Literature
Search for existing literature in your area of study.
Review the literature selected. Develop a theoretical framework. Develop a conceptual frame work.
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Formulating a research problem
Aspect of a study About Study of
Study population People Individuals, organization, groups, communities
Subject area Problem Issues, situation, association, needs, population, composition, profile
Program Contents, structure, outcomes, attributes, satisfaction, consumers, service provider
phenomenon Cause and effect relationship, study of phenomenon
Sources of research problem
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Consideration in selecting a research problem
Interest Magnitude Measurement of concept Level of expertise Relevance Availability of data Ethical issues.
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Steps in formulating of a research problem
Identify a broad area Dissect the broad area into sub areas Select a sub area Raise research questions Formulate objectives Assess objectives Double check
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The formulation of objectives
Clear Complete SpecificIdentify main variables Be correlated
Identify Direction ofrelationship
Descriptive studies
Co relational studies
Hypotheses testing studies
Characteristics of objectives
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Suppose you want to conduct a study in the area of alcoholism in formulating your research problem take the following steps
Step 1
Identify
Alcoholism
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Step 2
Dissect
1.Profile of alcoholics2.The causes of alcoholism3.The process of becoming an alcoholic4.The effect of alcoholism on the family5.Community attitudes towards alcoholism6.The effectiveness of a treatment model
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Step 3
Select
Effects of alcoholism on the family
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Step 4
Raise questions
1.What impact has alcoholism on marital relations.2.How does it effect the various aspects of children's lives.3.What are the effects on the families finances
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Step 5
Raise questions
Main objectivesTo find out the effects of alcoholism on the family Specific objectives1.To ascertain the impact of alcoholism on marital relations.2.To determine the ways in which alcoholism affects the different aspects of children's lives.3.To find out the effects of alcoholism on the financial situation of the family etc.
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Step 6
Make sure
Assess these objectives in the light of 1.The work involved 2.The time available to you3.The financial resources at your disposal4.Your technical expertise in the area
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Step 7
Double check
1.That you are really interested in the study2.That you agree with the objectives3.That you have adequate recourses 4.That you have the technical expertise to undertake the study