Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Research on an Advanced Fuel Cycle
on-going at INCT and Perspective of
Fuel Management in Poland
Katarzyna Kiegiel, Grażyna Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz,
Marcin Brykała, Andrzej G. Chmielewski
Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
Warsaw, Poland
Technical Meeting on Advanced Fuel Cycles to Improve the Sustainability of Nuclear Power
through the Minimization of High Level Waste 17–19 October 2017, Vienna, Austria
POLISH NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME
2009 - Poland has started to develop nuclear power programme. (Resolution No.
4/2009 of the Council of Ministers of January 13th 2009) - 2 nuclear power
plants are planned to be built.
28 January 2014, a resolution on the nuclear power program, prepared by the
Ministry of Economy, was adopted by the Council of Ministers.
On 7 February 2013, the investor (PGE EJ1) has signed an agreement to
conduct environmental and localization studies
The studies in the scope of location selection and reactor technology for the first
nuclear power are going on - there are two potential locations for the first nuclear
power plant in Pomerania (Żarnowiec and Lubiatowo-Kopalino), where
currently the localization and environmental survey is carried on.
POLISH NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME
In the preliminary schedule
• 2024 - the first unit is set to start up;
• 2030 - the second unit starting up.
• Nuclear power plants will be around 6.5% share in electricity production in
2025, and in 2035 this share will increase to around 19%.
LAST NEWS • September 7, 2017
Cracow University of Technology, under the patronage of the Minister of Energy
Christopher Tchórzewski, held a seminar "Nuclear Construction Codes Around The
World". Partner of the event was the Department of Civil Engineering Warsaw
University of Technology.
• September 18, 2017, in Vienna, 61st General Conference of the International
Atomic Energy Agency
Andrzej Piotrowski Deputy Minister of Energy: „Minister of Energy prepares the
Polish government's decision to build the first nuclear power plant on grounds of safety
and environmental protection”,
• September 27, 2017
The director of the Nuclear Energy Department of the Ministry of Energy Józef
Sobolewski „Polish Nuclear Energy Program is implemented. The Ministry developed
several business and financial models and among them choose the option of financing
nuclear power plant in our country”
INCT will be one of TECHNICAL SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONS for the National Nuclear Power
Sector:
• in the field of expert opinions and studies on the safe processing,
storage and disposal of radioactive waste
• in the field of measurement of radioactivity of the environment and
food by radiochemical methods
• in the field of conducting measurements of radioactive
contamination
• in biological dosimetry - reproduction of absorbed ionizing
radiation on the basis of changes in the genetic material of
lymphocytes, using cytogenetic and molecular techniques
• in the scope of expert opinions, reports, studies and opinions on
broadly understood radiobiology, biological dosimetry and the
influence of radiation on human health and life
INCT will be one of TECHNICAL SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONS for the National Nuclear Power Sector:
• in the field of expertise, reports, studies and opinions on the detection and
measurement of alpha-, beta- and gamma radionuclide content in
environmental and food materials in case of radiation incidents
• in the field of material research for nuclear power / nuclear facilities
• in the scope of expert opinions, reports, studies and opinions on the
measurement of control consumables and cooling water of both nuclear
reactor circuits
INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY
The main research activity of the Institute:
• Radiochemistry
• Nuclear chemistry
• Radiation chemistry
• Chemical nuclear engineering
• Radiobiology
8
Laboratory for Detection of Irradiated Food
Centre for Radiation Research & Technology
DIRECTOR
Deputy Director for R&D
Centre for Radiobiology & Biological Dosimetry
Centre for Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry
Laboratory of Nuclear Control Systems and Methods
Laboratory of Material Research
Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods
Pollution Control Technologies Laboratory
Laboratory for Measurements of Technological Doses
Laboratory of Stable & Environmental Isotopes
Staff
Total: ca. 200
22 Prof.
43 PhDs.
12 MSs.
80 Techn./Eng.
IAEA Collaborating Centre
Inauguration - 1994 Number of participants – around 70 Actually – 26 students Foreign students from China, France, Italy, Iraq, Egypt and Vietnam
International PhD Studies
PhD thesis focused on
• chemical aspects of nuclear energetic,
• fundamental problems of nuclear chemistry,
• application of nuclear techniques in industry, ecology and protection of
historical heritage,
• radiopharmaceutical chemistry.
It is the one of the most modern laboratories in Europe working for Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Medicine
Centre for Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry
- 8 isotope laboratories II (to 10 GBq)
- 3 isotope laboratories III
- 4 chemical laboratories
- synthesis laboratory
- 8-10 analytical laboratories
New analytical equipment:
- spectrometers α, β and γ
- mass spectrometer
- X-ray spectrometer
- UV-VIS spectrometer
- Raman spectrometer
- TG-DTA analyzer
- glowboxes
- hot cell with manipulator
- VHT furnance
- dosimetry equipment
Centre for Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry
INCT in H2020 projects
• GENIORS - GEN IV Integrated Oxide fuels recycling strategies
• CHANCE - Characterization of conditioned nuclear waste for its safe disposal in Europe
• TeaM Cables - European tools and Methodologies for an efficient ageing management of nuclear power plant Cables
• ARIES - Accelerator Research and Innovation for European Science and Society
14
ACSEPT - Actinide reCycling by
SEParation and Transmutation
FP7-Fission-2007
01/03/2008 – 31/08/2012
Actinide recycling by separation and transmutation is considered worldwide and particularly in several European countries as one of the most promising strategies to reduce the inventory of radioactive waste, thus contributing to make nuclear energy sustainable. Consistently with potentially viable recycling strategies, the Collaborative Project ACSEPT will provide a structured R&D framework to develop chemical separation processes compatible with fuel fabrication techniques, with a view to their future demonstration at the pilot level. Considering technically mature aqueous separation processes, ACSEPT will optimise and select the most promising ones dedicated to actinide partitioning and those featuring a group separation. These developments will be appropriately balanced with an exploratory research focused on the design of new molecules. In parallel, promising group actinide separation pyro-processes will be developed beyond the current state-of-the-art, as an alternative option, for a longer term. ACSEPT will also pave the way towards more integration between Partitioning and Transmutation by carrying dissolution as well as actinide conversion studies. All experimental results will be integrated by carrying out engineering and systems studies on aqueous and dry (pyro) processes to prepare for future demonstration at a pilot level. A training and education programme will also be implemented to share the knowledge among partitioning community and present and future generations of researchers.
http://www.acsept.eu/
15
37 partners: multi-disciplinary consortium composed of 37 partners (European universities, nuclear research bodies and major industrial players) from 12 European countries plus Australia and Japan.
Poland INCT
ACSEPT - Actinide reCycling by SEParation and Transmutation
SACSESS - Safety of ACtinide Separation proceSSes
Coordinator Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, France
01/03/2013 – 23/02/2016
FP7-EURATOM-FISSISON
www.sacsess.eu
It provides an overview of the different actinide separation processes used in the
partitioning and transmutation (P&T) of nuclear waste and compares them, including their status and their main advantages and disadvantages.
Consortium: 26 partners from 11 Europe countries plus Japan
Poland: INCT
Bourg S., Geist A., Narbutt J., SACESS- the EUROATOM FP7 project on actinide
separation from spent fules, NUKLEONIKA, 60, 809-813 (2015)
PUREX
U Product
UPu Product
U
Np
Fuel U, Pu
An(III) + Ln(III)
co-extraction
(DIAMEX)
An(III)/Ln(III)
separation
(r-SANEX)
Am selective
extraction
(EXAm)
Ganex 1
Ganex 2
U
Pu Np Am Cm
Am Cm
Am Cm
Am(III) selective
Stripping
(i-SANEX)
Am(III) selective
Extraction
(1c-SANEX)
Am Cm
U, Np, Pu
Am, Cm
Am, Cm
Am, Cm
Am, Cm
Am Am
The different reprocessing schemes
based on liquid-liquid extraction
P.J. Panak; A. Geist; Chem. Rev., 113 (2013) 1199-1236
N
NNN
N
NN
SO3Na
SO3NaSO
3Na
SO3Na
NO
N
O O
C8H
17H17
C8
C8H
17C
8H
17organic phase non-selective extracting agent An(III) + Ln(III) co-extraction
aqueous phase selective complexing agent
An(III) stripping
The new organic extractants synthesized in INCT
NO
N
O OCH3
CH3CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
NO
N
O O
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
S. Bourg, A. Geist, J. Narbutt, „SACSESS – the EURATOM FP7 project on actinide
separation from spent nuclear fuels”, Nukleonika, 60, 809-813 (2015).
J. Narbutt, „New trends in the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. Separation of minor
actinides by solvent extraction”, Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio
AA, 71, 123-140 (2016).
L. Steczek, J. Narbutt, P. Moisy, M-Ch. Charbonnel, „Solvent extraction investigations
on Pu(IV) and Th complexes with hydrophilic SO3-Ph-BTP and SO3-Ph-BTBP ligands”,
in preparation.
F.W. Lewis, L.M. Harwood, M.J. Hudson, P. Distler, J. John, S. Scaravaggi, E. Macerata,
M. Mariani, B. Zielinska, J. Narbutt, „Hydrophilic quaternary ammonium derivatives of
6,6’-bis-(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2’-bipyridine (BTBP) - potential stripping ligands for
americium(III) in TODGA solvent extraction systems”, in preparation.
I. Herdzik-Koniecko, C. Wagner, A. Geist, P.J. Panak, J. Narbutt, „On the formation of
heteroleptic complexes in an innovative-SANEX system”, to be published
GENIORS GEN IV Integrated Oxide fuels recycling strategies 2017/06/01 - 2021/05/31
The GENIORS Horizon 2020 project focuses on
improving current recycling of spent nuclear fuel and
future multiple recycling strategies to be implemented in
the 4th generation of reactors expected to enter operation
by 2030. Through sound research and an innovative
approach, GENIORS is expected to provide the EU with
science-based strategies for nuclear fuel management
and contribute significantly to its energy independence.
In the longer term, the project’s results will facilitate
radioactive waste management by reducing its volume
and radiotoxicity, and support a more efficient utilisation
of natural resources.
www.geniors.eu
TURNING SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL INTO A RESOURCE
24 partners Coordinator: CEA, France POLAND: INCT
CALIXARENES AS A THE EXTRACTING AGENTS
O H O H
O H
O H
O H
O H
calix[6]arene
OR
X
n
n ≥ 4
Kiegiel K, Steczek L, Zakrzewska-Trznadel G: Application of Calixarenes as Macrocyclic Ligands for
Uranium (VI): A Review. Journal of Chemistry 2013, Article ID762819: 16 pages DOI:
10.1155/2013/762819
THE USING MEMBRANE METHODS IN SOLVENT EXTRACTION
Biełuszka P, Zakrzewska-Trznadel G, Chajduk E, Dudek J: Liquid-liquid extraction of uranium(VI) in the
system with a membrane contactor. Journal of Radioanalitical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2014;299: 611–619.
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2796-0
-no fluid/fluid dispersion
-no emulsion formation
-no flooding at high flow rates
-low solvent holdup
-known and constant interfacial area.
Development of the hydro metallurgical processes of separation of actinides
(the project: Analysis of the possibility of uranium from domestic resources)
RELATED PAPERS: • Kiegiel K. Abramowska A, Biełuszka P, Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz G, Wołkowicz S: Solvent extraction of
uranium leach solution obtained in precessing of Polish low-grade ores. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2017;311:589-598. DOI 10.1007/s10967-016-5029-5
• Kiegiel K, Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz G, Gajda D, Miśkiewicz A, Abramowska A, Biełuszka P, Danko B, Chajduk E, Wołkowicz S: Dictyonema black shale and Triassic sandstones as a potential sources of uranium. Nukleonika. 2015;60:515-522. DOI:10.1515/nuka-2015-0096
• Miśkiewicz A, Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz G, Dłuska E, Walo PF: Application of membrane contactor with helical flow for processing uranium ores. Hydrometallurgy. 2016;163:108–114. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2016.03.017
• Gajda D, Kiegiel K, Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz G, Chajduk E, Bartosiewicz I, Wołkowicz S: Mineralogy and uranium leaching of ores from Triassic Peribaltic Sandstones. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2015;303:251-529. DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3362-0
• Biełuszka P, Zakrzewska-Trznadel G, Chajduk E, Dudek J: Liquid-liquid extraction of uranium(VI) in the system with a membrane contac-tor. Journal of Radioanalitical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2014;299: 611–619. DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2796-0
• Zakrzewska-Koltuniewicz G, Herdzik-Koniecko I, Cojocaru C, Chajduk E: Experimental design and optimization of leaching process for recovery of valuable chemical elements (U, La, V, Mo and Yb and Th) from low-grade uranium ore. J Hazard Mater 2014;275:136-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.066
• Frąckiewicz K, Kiegiel K, Herdzik-Koniecko I, Chajduk E, Zakrzewska-Trznadel G, Wołkowicz S, Chwastowska J, Bartosiewicz I: Extraction of uranium from low-grade Polish ores: dictyonemic shales and sandstones. Nukleonika 2012;58:451-459
25
ASGARD - Advanced fuelS for Generation IV reActors: Reprocessing and Dissolution
FP7-Fission-2011
01/01/2012 – 31/12/2015
www.asgardproject.eu
26
ASGARD - Advanced fuelS for Generation IV reActors: Reprocessing and Dissolution
ASGARD was an integrated effort of 16
institutions from 9 European countries.
The scope of the project is to bridge existing knowledge in nuclear fuel
manufacturing with existing knowledge in separation techniques used for waste
treatment and recovery and to investigate the production and behaviour of new novel
and improved nuclear fuels for the next generation of nuclear reactors. The targeted
result of the project itself is to interconnect the recycling of the nuclear fuel to the fabrication of new nuclear fuel.
www.asgardproject.eu
Coordinator: CHALMERS SWEDEN
POLAND: INCT
Consortium of 12 partners from 8 Europe countries
Coordinator: POLISH PARTNERS:
INCT –Institute of Nuclear and Technology
WUT – Warsaw University of Technology
ANDRA: Agence Nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs
Start date: June 1, 2017
Duration: 48 months
www. chance-h2020.eu
Safe interim storage and final disposal of radioactive waste (RW) requires effective
characterization and quality control of the waste. The CHANCE project therefore aims to
address the specific and complex issue of the characterization of conditioned radioactive waste
(CRW) by means of non-destructive analytical (NDA) techniques and methodologies.
Characterization issues within CHANCE encompass both physico-chemical characterization
and radiological characterization.
The CHANCE project will establish a comprehensive understanding of current characterization
methods and quality control schemes for conditioned radioactive waste in Europe.
Furthermore, CHANCE will develop, test and validate already-identified and novel techniques
that will undoubtedly improve the characterization of CRW. These techniques include:
•Calorimetry as an innovative non-destructive technique to reduce uncertainties on the
inventory of radionuclides;
•Muon Tomography to address the specific issue of non-destructive control of the content of
large volume nuclear waste;
•Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) as an innovative technique to characterize
outgassing of radioactive waste.
Finally, dissemination activities such as a Topical Day and a training course will be foreseen to
share the project results with the stakeholders.
Sol-Gel methods for immobilisation nuclear wastes
COMPLEX SOL – GEL PROCESS
VITRYFICATION OF NUCLEAR
WASTE BY SOL-GEL
IMMOBILIZATION OF NUCLEAR
WASTES IN SYNROC
MATERIALS
The part of studies of Polish Governmental Strategic Project “Technology Supporting Development of Safe Nuclear Power”
SOL-GEL Laboratory
Sol-Gel methods for immobilisation nuclear wastes
SOL-GEL Laboratory
International Warsaw Invention Show IWIS 2012 silver
medal
Method of immobilization of nuclear waste into
"synthetic rock".
Association of Polish Inventors and Rationalizers
The World Exhibition on Inventions, Research and New
Technologies INNOWA 2012 silver medal
Method of immobilization of nuclear waste into
"synthetic rock".
Deptuła A., Miłkowska M., Łada W, Olczak T, Wawszczak D, Smolinski T, Brykala M, Chmielewski A.G., Zaza F.,
Goretta K.C. Vitrification of Nuclear Wastes by Complex Sol-Gel Process Advanced Materials Research (2012), 518-
523, pp 3216-3220
Smoliński T., Deptuła A, Olczak T., Łada W., Brykała M., Wojtowicz P., Wawszczak D., Rogowski M., Zaza F.
Perovskite synthesis via complex sol–gel process to immobilize radioactive waste elements Journal of
Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (2014), 299, 1, pp. 675-680
Smolinski T., Zhao L., Gouasmia S., Wawszczak D., Polkowska-Motrenko H., Chmielewski A. “Perovskite-
type Synthetic Rock Structure”Journal of Nuclear Materials submitted (2017)
A method of the disposal of radioactive waste in the “synthetic rock” Patent no 2693443
National Plan of Management of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel
The implementation period - 2015-2020;
The duration of the National Plan is set for 2015-2050
Update of the National Plan will take place every 4 years
The aim is to ensure the development and implementation of acoherent, integrated and
sustainable system of treatment covering all categories of radioactive waste generated in the
country, including the spent fuel
among them
- selection, location and construction of a new landfill for radioactive waste
- preparation for the construction of a deep radioactive waste repository - including the
implementation of the Polish Underground Research Laboratory (PURL) program
Development of safety assessment methodology and indication of optimum location of shallow repository of
low and medium radioactive waste - on order of the Ministry of Energy
Consortium of 6 institutions:
INCT contribution, among others:
• Analysis of the environmental samples from the potential sites of future repository,
• Participation in the modelling of radionuclide release into groundwater. The radiochemical characteristics of the radionuclides present in this process and their influence on the course of the investigated process
• Participation in computer simulations of the spread of radioactive substances in the geological environment, in case of radionuclide leaks (with different migration mechanisms) for the selected SOP location based on the current measurement data
Distribution of C-14 activity in the vicinity of radioactive waste repository 50 and 300 years after its closure
CONCLUSION
Poland is a country developing the nuclear power
program;
The projects on the built of the disposal site for nuclear
wastes for the first NPP are carried on - INCT is
involved in these projects;
INCT is involved in European projects on actinide
partitioning;
The fuel reprocessing is considered as a technology of
future;
INCT has an experience in studies on the safe
management of radioactive waste from fuel cycle.
Thank You
for your kind attention!
