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國立中山大學藝術管理研究所 碩士論文 台灣福音劇團經營管理之研究 Research of Gospel Theatres’ Management in Taiwan 研究生:黃貞禎撰 指導教授:呂弘暉博士 中華民國 九十六

Research of Gospel Theatres' Management in Taiwan

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  • Research of Gospel Theatres Management in Taiwan

  • I

  • II

    13

    4

    Mintzberg 5

    1.

    2.

    3.

  • III

    Abstract

    There had always been a close relationship between religions and drama. The early

    drama was used as part of the religious rituals. Since the Middle Age, drama has become as one of the ways for evangelizing. In the early development period of Taiwan, churches did not just provide the resources for medication and education; it also became a supportive force for the artistic development, alongside with the government. Christians with a passion for their faith formed gospel theatres to share the gospel. Among those groups, the role of faith for some is just a way to cultivate their members, for some it is the core value of the organizations. This research is aimed to analyze the gospel theatres through the literature review of the development of religious drama in Taiwan, the interviews with members of the current gospel theatres to understand their managements. Also base on the interviews, this thesis will provide a definition for gospel theatre and gospel drama.

    This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is the literature review. The second part studies the different management of each case. After analysis these cases by theatre management and Mintzbergs theories, the third part also provides some suggestions for these theatres.

    In this research, I has discovered that because the gospel theatres main purpose is to share the gospel with their faith; it makes them different from general theatres.A gospel theater operates in a mission organization mode: 1. a special spiritual, evangelistic devotion or fellowship tem will cultivate the members faith and keep the organization in the same purpose; 2. for the productions and marketing strategies, because of their religion, the gospel theatres often face the limitations in performing locations and forms, which may cause isolation or compromise with the society; 3. the gospel theatres members reduce their conflict through value sharing, therefore, the leaders attitude on faith will affect the performance of the team.

    Because gospel theatres stand between faith and arts, each theatre has a different viewpoint of what a gospel theatre should be, as some have a tendency toward faith-oriented, and the others are more arts-oriented. In this thesis, I attempts to define gospel theatre in four major areas, and believes these differences help bring varieties to arts and Christian evangelism. Furthermore, some suggestions for the gospel theatres and churches are raised for their future development and cooperation.

    Key words: gospel theatres; theatres management; religious drama; Missionary Organization.

  • IV

    I

    II

    AbstractIII

    IV

    VI

    VII

    1

    1

    2

    4

    8

    9

    13

    13

    19

    25

    49

    49

    56

    60

    61

    61

    71

    81

    90

    99

    104

    111

    118

    118

    122

    123

  • V

    129

    131

    133

    135

    139

    151

    159

    173

    183

    187

  • VI

    1-1 5

    1-2 8

    2-1 13

    3-1 51

    3-2 52

    4-1 64

    4-2 75

    4-3 82

    4-4 101

    5-1 119

  • VII

    1-1 6

    1-2 7

    1-3 9

    2-1 Engel Scale 15

    2-2 25

    2-3 40

    3-1 57

    4-1 78

    4-2 2007 1-3 78

    4-3 2006 92

    4-4 2007 92

    4-5 112

    4-6 114

    4-7 115

    5-1 118

    5-2 Engel Scale121

  • - 1 -

    1990 21

    70

    2002

    70

    1999

    2002 2007

    30

  • - 2 -

    1999

    80

    90

    1999

    1999

    2006 3,124

    77.2% 21.7%

    30

  • - 3 -

  • - 4 -

  • - 5 -

    1994

    Gospel

    Good news1995

    2000

    1-1 2000

    2000

  • - 6 -

    1995

    Gospel, or Good News

    282

    1-1

    1-1

    1982

    1988

    1995

    1996

    1996

    2002

    2007

    2001

  • - 7 -

    1-2

    1 2007.05.17

    2 2007.04.27

    3 2007.04.26

    4 2007.05.18

    5 /

    2007.05.15

    6 2007.04.27

  • - 8 -

    1-2

  • - 9 -

    1-3

    Intercession

    354

    Co-Workers

    17

    Evangelism

    1918

    42 112

    Conversion

    10 10

    Invitation

    44 81

    Consecration

    159

    Ministry

    77 447

  • - 10 -

    reward, payment

    4 9

    Disciples

    15 8

    40

    Non-Believer

    51

    Mission

    61

    Charisma, Gift

    Spiritual Gift

    73-75

    Salvation

    591

    Vision

    12

    692

    counsel

    Congregation

    158

    follow-up

    Fellowship

    117

    EvangelGospel

    Good News

    140

  • - 11 -

    Sermon

    Pre-Evangelism

    40

    Truth-Seeker

    23

    Spiritual

    Spiritual Life

    65-67

    199519981999

  • - 12 -

  • - 13 -

    Christianity

    1

    Constantine the Great, 280-337 313 2-1

    2-1

    20032~3

    1 1998 669

    313

    1054

    16

    Thomas Cranmer, 1489-1556

    Martin Luther, 1483-1546

    John Calvin, 1509-1564

    George Fox, 1624-1691

    William Booth,

    1829-1912

    John Wesley, 1703-1791

  • - 14 -

    CatholicismChristianity

    73

    46 27

    66 27 39 2005

    1998

    2

    2004 7

    Bosch, D. J., 1996

    2 16 14-15

  • - 15 -

    1986

    2004

    Packer1961

    27

    Need Activation

    19861986Engel Scale

    Engel Model

    2-1 Engel Scale

    8

    7

    6

    5

    4

    3

    2

    1

    1

    1

    1

    1986 60

  • - 16 -

    Ronald

    J. S, 1998

    16241684

    1624

    32

    1626

    16 4,000

    1642 1662

    Lost Mission

    1988 200 1807

    Rev. Robert Morrison

    1859

    2005

    18651894

    1865 Dr. James L. Maxwell

    1872 Dr.

    George L. Mackay 1880

    1901 60 4,000

    2005

  • - 17 -

    18951945

    1895

    1984

    1945

    2005

    19461990

    1950

    1951

    50 Dr. Doris Brougham

    2,300

    20051895 1,300

    1938 9,000 13,000 1949

    30,429 1951

    1954 1965 100

    1964 466 103,000 200,000

    19501964

    1990

    19641979

    1976

    I Found It

    1980

  • - 18 -

    3Homeland Theology2001

    1990

    19902000 10

    20052006 3,124

    77.2 21.7

    50

    http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/

    1989

    3 1993

  • - 19 -

    2001

    Thespis

    fabula

    Atellanamimes

    Billington, M., 19891995

    476 Dark Age

  • - 20 -

    1996

    Religious Plays 952 1250

    1996

    liturgical drama

    troup

    1996

    925 Quem Quaeritis Troup

    Quem Quaeritis

    http://www.pwshop.com/html/article/dramaintro-0019.html

    1996

  • - 21 -

    liturgical drama

    liturgy

    http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~theatre/john/chp3-middleage-theatre.htm

    952 1250 13

    the platea or placemansions

    http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~theatre/john/chp3-middleage-theatre.htm

    13

    1415

    1996

    The Mystery Playcycle play

    mystery

  • - 22 -

    15 125

    York 48 Chester

    24 Wakefield 32 Coventry 42

    N-Town

    cycles

    cycle play

    10 4500

    cosmic drama

    http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~theatre/john/chp3-middleage-theatre.htm

    Corpus Christi

    pageant wagon

    1996

    miracle play

    1996

    13 Saint Nicholas 1,500

  • - 23 -

    http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~theatre/john/chp3-middleage-theatre.htm

    morality play

    1415

    emblem allegorical personages

    personification

    allegorical playsEveryman

    16

    1996

    16

    Martin Luther

  • - 24 -

    1517

    1548

    1570

    16

    http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~theatre/john/chp3-middleage-theatre.htm

  • - 25 -

    70

    2000

    70 80

    2-2

    19701979

    19762003

    1982

    19871997

    1988

    1995

    1996

    1997

    2002

    2007

  • - 26 -

    1920

    192030

    1928

    1998 27

    1926 1927

    1929 1936

    1998

  • - 27 -

    1998

    1946 8

    1949

    1950

    6070

    19761907

    1949

    70

    1956 2

    49

    1998

    1960

  • - 28 -

    1993

    1968

    1968

    1967

    John Roundel

    Mr. Christmas

    1972

    1968-1969

    25 15

    15

    1968

  • - 29 -

    1968

    1968

    1968 20

    7

    1979 1969

    1927 40 40

    1976

    1975

    5060 70

  • - 30 -

    1980 1984

    1985

    1989a

    1989b

    80

    1968

    1970

    1969 1970 1979

    1999

    1971197119721975

    197619781979

    1973197419761976

    197819781978

    14 15 100

    20 1985 1972 11 1973 7

    20 40 1976

  • - 31 -

    1972

    1972

    1976

    1973

    1972

    1972

    1999

    1973 791999

    1995

    1999

    1995 74

  • - 32 -

    560 80

    90

    199980

    70 70

    1999

    1973

    70

    197619781978

    1999 70

    1996

    1969

    9

  • - 33 -

    1978

    20 70

    1998

    1999

    1971

    1998

    1998

    1971

    1971

  • - 34 -

    1998

    70

    1999

    1983 13

    1971

    1

    2

  • - 35 -

    3

    4

    5

    1

    2

    3

    4

    1971 102

  • - 36 -

    1995 73

    1998

    1 1

    2

    3

  • - 37 -

    2

    3

    4 1

    2

    5

    6

    7

    1998

    1

    2

    3 10

    30 200

    97,400 1998

  • - 38 -

    2000 69

    1978

    1979

    1979

    1999a1979

    1985

    1973 38

  • - 39 -

    7080

    2000

    T'ien Experimental Drama Club

    41976 Rev. Andre

    ' Lefebvre, S.J.

    1963

    1890-1967 60 80

    1996

    150 96

    1997

    2002

    4 22

  • - 40 -

    2-3

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    ( )

    http://www.tec.org.tw/

    1 1976 1977

    1976 1977

    1977 1977

  • - 41 -

    2 1978 1980 3

    La MaMa E.T.C

    1980

    3

    1980 4

    1980

    1980

    1980

    19821983

    1984

    1990

    1991

    4

    12 1991

    1995

    1996 19972001

  • - 42 -

    2002 2001

    90

    1992

    1993 1994

    1995 1996

    1997

    1998

    1999 1999

    2000 2001

    2002

    www.cmlab.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~eric/cca/Tainan/

  • - 43 -

    1987 6

    5 1980

    Rev. Don Glover

    1987

    2003

    2003 10

    2003

    85

    1991

    10 6

    1995 95 5 85 1998 10 85 3F 6 1965 Fulda Bolte

  • - 44 -

    1998

    12 30

    8

    65125 30

    6.75

    1997 6

    1997 7 7

    2002 8 85

    3

    19991993

    20

  • - 45 -

    1995

    2003

    1 19871990

    1989 1990

    14

    2 19911996

    19941998

    1993

    1997

    2003

    19992003

    1 1987 1991

    1987~1991

    1992

  • - 46 -

    2 1992 1996

    1992~1996

    1997~

    19911993

    1995 2002

    1950~1960

  • - 47 -

    2002

    7

    http://twop.fhl.net/

    800 1,500 90%

    http://twop.fhl.net/us/us4.html 2002

    2003 2004

    2005 2004

    19

    2006

    2007

    http://twop.fhl.net/issue/issue6.html

    2005

    7

  • - 48 -

    http://twop.fhl.net/reflection/reflection10.html 2002

    27 100

    http://twop.fhl.net/

  • - 49 -

    Kotler & Scheff1998

    Hamilton

    p.3

    2004

    1997

    1998

    Vision

    1997

    MissionProductConduct

  • - 50 -

    1997

    PositionKotler & Scheff1998

    178

    1998

    ObjectivesGoals

    Kotler & Scheff, 1998

    1997

    Organizing

    1998

  • - 51 -

    3-1

    2002 4-2

    Human Resource Management

    1998

    1998

    1998

  • - 52 -

    Production Management

    2000

    3-3

    2000 26

    2000

  • - 53 -

    Marketing Management

    Kotler & Armstrong2003

    Kotler & Scheff, 1998

    4P

    ProductPricePromotionPlace

    1997

    1 Kotler & Scheff1998

    1 Core Product

    2 Expected Product

  • - 54 -

    3 Augmented Product

    2

    1998

    3

    1997

    4

    Kotler & Scheff, 1998

  • - 55 -

    Finance Management

    1998

    1997

  • - 56 -

    Robbins, 19991999

    Anthony D. Smith

    1997 300

    8

    9

    92

    E. E. Whitehead & J. D. Whitehead, 2000

    Thomas1987value-expressive

    organization)

    8 10 25 9 18 20

  • - 57 -

    10

    E. E. Whitehead & J. D.

    Whitehead, 2000

    D Souza1993

    3-1

    23 11

    1. 2. 3. pullingpushing

    4. 5.

    6.

    7.

    1. 2.

    3.

    D'Souza, A.2002

    10 6 10

  • - 58 -

    Missionary Organization

    Mintzberg2005ideology

    Missionary Organization

    Mintzberg2005

    reformers

    converters

    cloister

  • - 59 -

    MissionMission1995

  • - 60 -

  • - 61 -

    11

    1982 25

    1995

    20 2000

    11 THE HOME OF CHRIST1969 51

  • - 62 -

    250

    1

    NG

    2

    3

    4 1994

    6090

  • - 63 -

    18

    1

    2

    3 18

    12

    13

    14

    12 13 1995 14 1999

  • - 64 -

    4-1

    30

    60

    10 20

    1

    2

  • - 65 -

    11

    12

  • - 66 -

    350400

    20

    11

  • - 67 -

    DM

    E-mail

  • - 68 -

    150 20

    450

    10

    DVD

    20

    OK

    20 2000

    ...

  • - 69 -

    2004

  • - 70 -

  • - 71 -

    YA TONG THEATRE COMPANY

    4:9

    1988 1980

    http://www.yttcdrama.com

    19821988

    19891995

    19962002

    32 4

    20022003

    2009

  • - 72 -

    2007

    http://www.yttcdrama.com

    1

    1

    2

    3

    4

    1

    2

    1995

    32

    1997

    315 1999a

  • - 73 -

    10

    1990

    1993

    1993

    2001 11

    1980 10

    20

    10

    1520

  • - 74 -

    http://www.yttcdrama.com

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

  • - 75 -

    4-2

    9

    PA

    - 75 -

  • - 76 -

    20

  • - 77 -

    100

    100 500

    2007 4

  • - 78 -

    4-1

    / E-mail

    1 2,219 23 / 54 32 86

    2 2,227 16 / 63 19 82

    168

    http://www.yttcdrama.com/l13000/l13104.htm

    1. 2.

    CDTape VCD DVD 3. 4.

    1600

    2007 2007

    4-2 2007 1-3

    2007

    N.T $ 7,000,000

    DVD 1,000,000

    tour 1,000,000

    N.T $ 9,000,000

    2007 1-3

    N.T $ 2,407,326

    2,209,440

    N.T $ 197,886

    ( 26.75%)

    http://www.yttcdrama.com

  • - 79 -

    1988 24

    2002

  • - 80 -

    1. 2.

  • - 81 -

    WORKSHOP IN HEAVEN

    1996 8 5

    s

    20042006

    1

    2

    1998 2000

    2006

  • - 82 -

    3 1996

    2004

    11

    4

    36 50

    5

    4-3

  • - 83 -

    2%

  • - 84 -

  • - 85 -

    2000

    MOTOROLLA

  • - 86 -

    29% 24% 26%

    3% 18%

    1 2

    2060

    DVD

  • - 87 -

    handle

  • - 88 -

    OK

  • - 89 -

  • - 90 -

    Morning Star Theater

    22:16

    2

    1996 MS

    1997

    97

    92

    1999 921

    2001

    92 2005

    95

    Life

    2007

    1017 15

    15

  • - 91 -

    1

    2 2005

    3 2002

    2006

    4

    1

    2

    3

    4 5 30

    5

    6

    2006

  • - 92 -

    4-3 2006

    174 174

    8 182

    6 188

    4 192

    3 195

    2 197

    2 199

    2 201

    1 202

    202

    10 2006

    4-4 2007

    16

    http://star.cyberstage.com.tw/

  • - 93 -

    OK

    2003

    2005

    162005 17

    2007 Pig

    18

    16 55 22-23 17

    18 17 22

  • - 94 -

    19

    for

    DM

    style link

    19

  • - 95 -

    DMEmail

    200800

    Life ET

    DKNY85C

    logo

    T

    DVDCD DVD

  • - 96 -

    1

    2 1 10

    3 20 50 50

    4

    http://star.cyberstage.com.tw/

    LOGO

    DM

    http://star.cyberstage.com.tw/

    2005 29

    10

  • - 97 -

    leader

    20

    20 10 16

  • - 98 -

  • - 99 -

    4:31-32

    2005

    2001

    2002

    3 51

    20062007

    2000 2001

    2002

    2003 2004

    2006 2007

  • - 100 -

    fellowship groups

    cell groups

    15

    2005 65

    16

    2005

    1

    234

  • - 101 -

    4-4

    2002 18 21

    2,000

    3~3.5

    A

    B

  • - 102 -

    2004

    10

    2002

    2003 2006

    2006

    200700 2005 250

    250 100

    150

    7-ELEVEN

    DM Email

    400

    45% 10% 45%

    2004 DVD

    90%

  • - 103 -

  • - 104 -

    Yage Theater

    12:28

    2007

    2007

    http://www.geocities.com/yagesos/

    1

    2

  • - 105 -

    3

    2007

    8001000

  • - 106 -

    2007

    http://www.geocities.com/yagesos/about.html

    20072007

    2007

    1/3

  • - 107 -

    2007

  • - 108 -

    40 midi

  • - 109 -

    130 1.

    2. 3. 4.

    100% 1/3

    balance

    1998 2000

  • - 110 -

    2006

    3

  • - 111 -

  • - 112 -

    4-5

    2007

  • - 113 -

    350400

    AB

    AB

    Life 1017

  • - 114 -

    4-6

  • - 115 -

    DKNY

    4-7

  • - 116 -

    45%

    90%

    45

  • - 117 -

    D Souza1993

  • - 118 -

    Mintzberg2005

    5-1

    X

    1. X X

    2. X X X 1. X X X X 2. X X 1. X

    2. X X 3. X X X X

    1.

    2. X

    1.

    2.

  • - 119 -

    Mintzberg2005

    5-1

    ( I )

    ( II )

    ( IV )

    ( III )

  • - 120 -

    Engel

    Scale 5-2

  • - 121 -

    5-2 Engel Scale

    8

    7

    6

    5

    4

    3

    2

    1

    1986 60

    1997 38

    1999b

  • - 122 -

    Mintzberg2005

  • - 123 -

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    1996

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    399-426

    1984

    Brockett, O. G.1996The theatre: An introduction

    1969

    197324178-80

    1972

    2001116 18698

    2001

    1985

    1989

    2004

    199510

    3672-75

    1993

    196812110350-351

    19721239

    1979

  • - 125 -

    20031987-2004

    2004

    2003

    2000

    1997

    1999

    427-439

    1998

    198812

    127-156

    199461214717

    1968619219-221

    1994 11

    1998

    2000

    Engel, J. F.1986Contemporary Christian

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    1979

    19988307-337

    197212218

    1973148

    20011945-2002

    1981

    2005

  • - 126 -

    1971

    1973215(1)34-38

    19751110

    12

    1976

    1999

    440-442

    2004

    1995.

    1999

    127-149

    1999

    1973139

    198391513

    199725 :

    54-61

    1998

    83-93

    1997

    25 : 47-49

    1986

    1995

    2004

    1995

    1999

    151-167

  • - 127 -

    19789146

    1997

    1990

    1997

    25 : 23-24

    2007217271610

    1999

    1998

    1998

    1998

    1999

    1993

    20056140200506

    199725 :

    37-41

    1998

    8-30

    200048818-23

    1999a8-10

    1999b109-110

    2000

    2003

    1989a

    212

    1989b519

  • - 128 -

    1976

    20021217

    20664

    2002

    2007130 270812

    2005

    1971

    1972

    102006

    200767

  • - 129 -

    86 8 8

    86 10 13

    390 1 1

    18

  • - 130 -

  • - 131 -

    02-29259612, e-mail [email protected]

    / / E-MAIL ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ /

    _____________

    ~

  • - 132 -

  • - 133 -

    109-110

  • - 134 -

  • - 135 -

    0932-860890

    [email protected]

  • - 136 -

    2000

    /

  • - 137 -

    1

    2

    3

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    1

    2

  • - 138 -

  • - 139 -

    2007 5 17 7:30-9:30 51

    25 71 72

  • - 140 -

    30 60

  • - 141 -

  • - 142 -

  • - 143 -

    12

    450

    20 99%

  • - 144 -

    OK

    60 30

  • - 145 -

    OK

    DVD DVD DVD

  • - 146 -

    20

    DVD

    OK

    DVD

  • - 147 -

    Good TV

  • - 148 -

    OK

    key man

    2000

  • - 149 -

    OK

    OK

    idea

    1996

  • - 150 -

    Good TV

    End

  • - 151 -

    2007 4 27 3:00-4:30 117 51

    part-time

  • - 152 -

    style

    try

    regular

    timing

  • - 153 -

    OK

    OK

    interview

  • - 154 -

    DVDVCD

  • - 155 -

    fancy OK

  • - 156 -

    Media theater

    LA

  • - 157 -

    call-in

    13

    1995

    28

  • - 158 -

    surprise

    End

  • - 159 -

    2007 4 26 10:00-12:00 390 1 1

    s sss s s

  • - 160 -

    OK

    Handle

    Ken Ken

    Handle

  • - 161 -

  • - 162 -

    OK

    OK

  • - 163 -

    19885 85

    1980

    FineOK

    MOTOROLLA RUN OK OK

    OK

    99%

  • - 164 -

    RUN

    RUN

    RUN

    CD

    OK OK OK

  • - 165 -

    2%2%

    OK

    OK Hold

    OK

  • - 166 -

    team

    handle

    OK

  • - 167 -

    EQ

    Hold

  • - 168 -

    part-time

    part-timeby case

    range

    36 50

    share

  • - 169 -

    case

    29% 24% 26% 3% 18%

    50 200

    ORTV

    leader

  • - 170 -

    OK

    care

    power

    OK

    power

  • - 171 -

    OK

    End

  • - 172 -

  • - 173 -

    2007 5 18 2:00-5:00 78

    2004

    try try

  • - 174 -

    shock 92

    down focus

    style

    for

    style

    style link

    sweet up holy catch

    DM

    focus

  • - 175 -

    90%

    match

  • - 176 -

    peace

    2% 2%

  • - 177 -

    try

    OK

    leader

    560

    smart

  • - 178 -

    Pig 5 22 23

    Pig

    920 OK

  • - 179 -

    90%

    OK OK

    DKNY 85 C

    DKNY logo

    85 C

    Disney

    leader leader

  • - 180 -

    YMCA support

    leader

    trouble trouble trouble

    live

    DMEmail

    try

  • - 181 -

    End

  • - 182 -

  • - 183 -

    2007 5 15 12:00-1:30 403

    2002 45 78

  • - 184 -

    250 100 150

    routine

    depress team

    15

    cover

    AB

  • - 185 -

    End

  • - 186 -

  • - 187 -

    2007 4 27 10:00-12:00 57

    OK

    OK OK

  • - 188 -

    Good TV

    Good TV

    1/3

    1/3

    balance

    bonus bonus

  • - 189 -

    Good TV

  • - 190 -

  • - 191 -

    1/3

  • - 192 -

    idea

    run

    midi midi

    OK

    OK

  • - 193 -

    team run

    DVD

    Good TV

    DVD

    broad way

  • - 194 -

    End