RESEARCH OF VISUAL PROCESSING ABILITY IN CHINESE CHILDREN WITH

DEVELOPMNETAL DICTATION DISABLITIES

SPECIAL EDUCATION COLLEGE OF BEIJING UNION UNVERSITY

MAO RONGJIANrongjianmao@buu.edu.cn

1.Introduction of Dictation Disabilities

• For the character's reading, Chinese children are able to achieve the same grade level of children, but the dictation score significantly behind the average child in the same grade level.

• This dictation difficulty is not caused by inappropriate education, mental, emotional or behavioral disorders 。

Characteristics of Chinese characters

• （ 1 ） Chinese characters are ideograms. Chinese character is more complex. Chinese characters are composed of components and strokes .

• （2） Chinese characters is a syllabic word. Chinese characters and pronunciation contact occurs at the syllable level, Chinese characters are opaque word, no sound shape corresponding rule.

Review of Graphemic Representation in Dictation Disabilities

• Chinese children with dictation disabilities are good reader but poor speller.

• The mechanism of English developmental spelling difficulties was studied on coding, and no consistent conclusion was produced.

• The graphic and phonetic construct between Chinese and English Characters is very different.

• The study model and research results on English cannot be transferred to Chinese Developmental Dictation Disabilities.

• For Chinese children with developmental dictation Disabilities, there were some major defects in the mental graphemic representation.

• It is characterized by low level of global mental graphemic representation, inaccurate mental graphemic representation of Chinese character component.

2.Research hypothesis

• For learning Chinese characters, the children's visual processing ability should be very high.

• Visual processing defects can affect the mental graphemic representation of integrity, accuracy, which leads to difficulty in dictation.

• Compared with normal children, dictation children's visual processing ability ( visual discrimination ability, visual short-term memory capacity, overall visual processing capacity ) have some defects.

3.Experimental subjects

•Participants from Beijing city four ordinary primary school 3, 4 grade students.

•A total of 310 students participated in the screening, wherein the third grade 110, the fourth grade 200.

• According to the reading test, dictation test, screening out of 30 children of dictation disabilities, served as the experimental group, 32 subjects as a control group of normal children.

Table 1 The basic situation of experimental subject

grade3

Grade4

male female

age Correct ratio of recognizing

Different ratio of literacy

Experiment group(30)

9 21 15 15 9.07(0.52) 0.86(0.05) 0.41(0.10)

Control group(32)

9 23 17 15 9.15(0.6) 0.90(0.05) 0.10(0.04)

4.Experimental Process

• Experiment 1 visual discrimination Experiment 2 visual short-term memory• Experiment 3 visual integration

Experiment 1 visual discrimination

•The experimental material has four groups, each group has two pictures. Two pictures on the whole are similar, but there are differences in details.

•Requirements: subjects identify each group pictures’ difference.

•A total of 24 points. Time is 4 minutes.

Table 2 Different types of children's visual discrimination performance comparison

group M SD t P

Experiment group(30)

11.13 2.16 -3.928 .000

Control group(32)

14.5 4.20

• On the computer screen, regular random presents 10 ancient Chinese characters, the subjects were required to remember. Then one by one, then randomly presented includes 10 have not seen in ancient Chinese characters, a total of 20 ancient Chinese characters, subjects were asked to press answer.

• Recognition Score = (number of correct recognition - the number of false recognition) × 2

Experiment 2 visual short-term Experiment 2 visual short-term memorymemory

Group M SD t P

Experiment group(30)

11.56 5.12 -.281 .780

Control group(32)

12.00 6.67

Table 3 Different types of subjects in visual short-term memory performance comparison

Experiment 3 visual integration • Experimental materials: a total of four lines

graphics, each graphic is composed of three graphic mosaic

• Requirements: Subjects quickly find the target pattern that is hidden in complex graphics. Time is 3 minutes.

• Scores are subjects to find the correct number of graph.

Table4 Different types of visual integration performance comparison

Group M SD t P

Experiment group(30)

10.13 1.53 -1.011 .316

Control group(32)

10.56 1.80

• (1)(1) Dictation children's visual discrimination exist defects. Visual memory, visual whole processing without defect.

• (2)(2) Visual discrimination ability has a great influence on Chinese character recognition, not only will affect the character encoding standards, will also affect the degree of processing Chinese character, leading to problems with the accuracy of graphemic representation.

5. Conclusion

Future research

• (1)To explore the eye-movement characteristics and the visual cognitive processing traits of Chinese children with dictation disabilities during recognize Chinese characters

• (2)To explore the attention characteristics and cognitive processing traits of Chinese children with dictation disabilities

• (3)To offer reference for measures designed for therapy.

Chinese Character Table of Dictation

绿、诗、漫、净、渣、脸、孩、枫、琴、怦、族、旗、坛、辩、播、猴、傍、耐、福、领、蹦、晨、船、睛、喜、舰、晒、影、飘、溪、野、躲、宿、轰、笋、躺、微、脆、鹃、痕、锋、摸、芬、弱、茂、蜜、泼、柏、凰、雄、烁、骗、壁、整、眨、鸣、涛、蝉、刨、虹、埋、稠、滑、傲、聪、膊、荡、糟、筋、桩、欺、膀、睡、谜、染、寒、炎、栽、醉、耍、戴、雀、察、掌、趣、胸、仰、端、基、秘、旅、遗、遥、精、枚、愁、菠、醒、嫩、励

3 4

Test of visual discrimination

Chinese character table of visual short-term Chinese character table of visual short-term memorymemory

Test of Visual Integration

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