LAPORAN AKHIR

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COLLABORATION

AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

STUDY OF Fe-INDUCED MAGNETIC STATE IN

ELECTRON-DOPED HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTING

CUPRATES Eu2-xCexCu1-yFeyO4

Tahun ke-1 dari rencana 2 tahun

Ketua/Anggota Tim

Dr. Risdiana, M. Eng. NIDN: 0005057501

Dr. Togar Saragi, M. Si. NIDN: 0026086803

Drs. Wahyu Alamsyah Somantri, MS. NIDN: 0015115202

Sesuai dengan Keputusan DP2M DIKTI tentang Penetapan Penerima Penelitian,

Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dan Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa

Nomor : 0263/E5/2014 tanggal 24 Januari 2014

UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN

OKTOBER 2014

FINAL REPORT

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COLLABORATION

AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

STUDY OF Fe-INDUCED MAGNETIC STATE IN

ELECTRON-DOPED HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTING

CUPRATES Eu2-xCexCu1-yFeyO4

First Year For Two Years Research Project

RESEARCH TEAM

Dr. Risdiana, M. Eng. NIDN: 0005057501

Dr. Togar Saragi, M. Si. NIDN: 0026086803

Drs. Wahyu Alamsyah Somantri, MS. NIDN: 0015115202

Sesuai dengan Keputusan DP2M DIKTI tentang Penetapan Penerima Penelitian,

Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dan Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa

Nomor : 0263/E5/2014 tanggal 24 Januari 2014

UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN

OCTOBER 2014

i

SUMMARY

Superconductor is a material that has zero electrical resistivity when they are cooled

down to sufficiently low temperatures. Superconductor is a promising material for

future applications especially for energy saving such as for superconductor cable

without any energy loss of electric power transmission and high performance power

storage devices. However, the mechanism describing the role of physical properties in

superconductor is still far from being understood clearly. The main purpose of this

proposal is to elucidate the hole-electron doping symmetry in the high-Tc cuprates and

to find the key phenomena for explaining the appearance of high-Tc superconductivity.

The studies of physical properties through the partially substitution of impurities for

Cu in both systems are one of important ways to elucidate the electron-hole doping

symmetry. Different with hole-doped superconductor, to our knowledge, however, no

one has reported the effects of magnetic impurities Fe on the Cu-spin dynamics in the

electron-doped cuprates so that clear conclusion of the relation between the dynamical

stripe correlations and superconductivity in the electron-doped cuprates has not yet

been obtained. Here, crystal growth and study the effect of partially substitution of

magnetic impurity Fe for Cu to the magnetic properties in electron-doped

superconducting cuprates of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+- with x = 0.15 and y = 0, 0.005,

0.010, 0.020, 0.030, 0.050 have been investigated in order to clarify electron-hole

doping symmetry in high Tc superconductors. Samples with various δ valus are

prepared by solid state reaction method. XRD data show that all samples have high

quality samples for δ valus in the range between 0 – 0.09. The magnetic dc-

susceptibility measurements show superconductivity with Tc onset about 15 K and 10

K, respectively for y = 0 and 0.005. Tc decreases with decreasing Fe and disappear for

y larger than 0.02 and 0.05. It is indicating that impurity Fe successfully disturbing

spin-spin correlation in Cu layer. Volume fraction of the superconducting state (VSC)

decreases markedly from 100 % to 30 % with only 0.5 % impurity substitution. VSC is

completely zero when the concentration of Fe is larger than 2 %. From these results, it

is found that partially substitution of magnetic impurity Fe for Cu effectively

decreased superconducting properties of electron-doped superconductor Eu2-x+yCex-

yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ.

Keywords: Electron-doped superconducting cuprates, Fe impurities, DC magnetic-

susceptibility.

ii

PREFACE

We would like to thanks to DIKTI, LPPM Universitas Padjadjaran, Dean of

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran, and head of

Department of Physics Universitas Padjadjaran, who supported our research with title

“Study Of Fe-Induced Magnetic State In Electron-Doped High-Tc Superconducting

Cuprates Eu2-xCexCu1-yFeyO4”.

These researches also based on research collaboration with Tohoku University

and RIKEN, Japan and became one part of research theme in the road map of research

collaboration on the basis scheme of MoU between four Universities (UNPAD, ITB,

ITS, UGM) and RIKEN Nishina Center, Japan. We hope this project will give the

opportunity for undergoing of undergraduate student to take final project related to

this field.

Jatinangor, October 28, 2014

Research team

iii

CONTENT

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN i

SUMMARY ii

PREFACE iii

CONTENT iv

LIST OF TABLE

LIST OF FIGURE

LIST OF APPENDIX

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 2

1.1 Background 2

1.2 Objective 3

1.3 Output 4

CHAPTER II LITERATURE STUDY 6

CHAPTER III RESEARCH OBJECTIVE AND ADVANTAGES 9

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH METODOLOGY 13

CHAVTER V RESULTS 13

CHAVTER VI RESEARCH PLANNING 13

CHAVTER VII CONCLUSSION

REFFERENCES 14

APPENDIX 1 JUSTIFICATION OF RESEARCH BUDGET 16

APPENDIX 2 SUPPORTING FACILITIES 19

APPENDIX 3 RESEARCH TEAM AND CONTRIBUTIONS 20

APPENDIX 4 LETTER OF AGGREEMENT FOR RESEARCH

COLLABORATION

21

APPENDIX 5 CURRICULUM VITAE 28

APPENDIX 6 SURAT PERNYATAAN KETUA PENELITI 43

iv

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1.

Roadmap for exploration of new materials for energy applications on

the basis scheme of MoU between UNPAD, ITB, ITS, UGM and

RIKEN Nishina Center, Japan

5

Table 2. Annealing conditions and δ for various samples of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-

yFeyO4+α-δ

14

v

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1.

Schematic phase diagram of the hole- and electron-doped 214

cuprate. AF and SC indicate antiferromagnetic order and

superconductivity, respectively.

5

Figure 2

µZF-SR time spectra of hole-doped La2-xSrxCu0.97Zn0.03O4 with x

= 0.15 - 0.30 at 0.3 K (Risdiana et al., 2008).

7

Figure 3.

Temperature dependence of the depolarization rate of the slowly

depolarizing component λ0 for typical values of x in

La2−xSrxCu1−yFeyO4 with y = 0.01 (Suzuki et al., 2012).

8

Figure 4. Diagram Block for research methodology 11

Figure 5. Raw materials of powders after mixed 12

Figure 6. Samples after annealing at 860 oC (a) and 900

oC (b) for 13 hours 12

Figure 7. XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y = 0

at various δ values

15

Figure 8. XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y =

0.005 at various δ values

16

Figure 9.

XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y =

0.01 at various δ values

17

Figure 10. XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y =

0.02 at various δ values

17

Figure 11. XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y =

0.03 at various δ values

18

Figure 12. XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y =

0.05 at various δ values

18

Figure 13. Preparation of the powdered sample for DC magnetic-susceptibility

measurements

19

Figure 14. DC magnetic-susceptibility on zero-field cooling (ZFC) and field

cooling (FC) for Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with with x = 0.15 and y

= 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030 and 0.0050 at various δ values.

19

Figure 15. Fe concentration (y) dependence of superconductor volume fraction

VSC for Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ

20

vi

LIST OF APPENDIX

APPENDIX 1 SUPPORTING FACILITIES

APPENDIX 2 RESEARCH TEAM AND CONTRIBUTIONS

APPENDIX 3 LIST OF PUBLICATION

APPENDIX 4 NUMBER OF INVOLVED STUDENTS

APPENDIX 5 FORMULIR EVALUASI ATAS CAPAIAN LUARAN

KEGIATAN

vi

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Superconductor is a material that has zero electrical resistivity when they are

cooled down to sufficiently low temperatures. Most of superconductors are cuprate

compounds. One of their characteristics is that conducting planes of CuO2 are

included in their crystal structures and responsible for their electronic properties.

When the CuO2 plane loses one electron because of doping, one mobile hole remains

in the CuO2 planes, leading to the formation of a hole-doped superconducting cuprate.

On the other hand, when the CuO2 plane gets an excess electron, superconductivity

realizes and forms an electron-doped superconducting cuprates. Superconductor is a

promising material for future applications especially for energy saving such as for

superconductor cable without any energy loss of electric power transmission and high

performance power storage devices. However, the mechanism describing the role of

physical properties in superconductor is still far from being understood clearly. The

hole-electron doping symmetry in the high-Tc cuprates has been one of central

interests in relation to the mechanism of the high-Tc superconductivity. In order to

describe the mechanism of the high-Tc superconductivity, a stripe model of spins and

charges is suggested to be a probable one. Lots of studies have been carried out to

clarify the relationship between stripes and superconductivity and the existence of

stripe correlations of spins and charges have been established in hole-doped systems

(Risdiana et al., 2008, Adachi et al., 2008). Especially, dynamically fluctuating stripes

(dynamic stripes) have been theoretically suggested to play an important role for the

appearance of superconductivity (Emery et.al., 1999). On the other hand, the stripe

correlations have not yet been clearly observed in electron-doped systems even

though the high-Tc superconductivity actually appears in the systems. Thus, from the

view point of the stripe model, the dynamic property of the electronic state of

electron-doped systems is now recognized to be important to understand the role of

stripes to the superconductivity. However, because of difficulties of sample

preparations, the study of electron-doped systems has not been progressed so much

and clear answer has not been achieved yet.

We performed Zero Field muon spin relaxation (ZF-SR) in hole-doped

cuprates La2-xSrxCu1-yFeyO4 (LSCFO), in order to investigate magnetic impurities

2

effect of Fe on the Cu-spin dynamics. it has been found that the magnetic transition

temperature and magnetic correlation are enhanced through the 1% Fe substitution in

a wide range of hole concentration where superconductivity appears in Fe-free

La2−xSrxCuO4. Therefore, partially Fe substitution in electron-doped cuprates is

potential impurity to study the Cu-spin dynamics in the electron-doped system. To our

knowledge, however, no one has reported the effects of magnetic impurities Fe on the

Cu-spin dynamics in the electron-doped cuprates so that clear conclusion of the

relation between the dynamical stripe correlations and superconductivity in the

electron-doped cuprates has not yet been obtained. Here, we propose to growth high

quality polycrystalline samples of electron-doped high-Tc superconducting cuprates

Eu2-xCexCu1-yFeyO4 to understand Fe-induced magnetic state in electron-doped high-Tc

superconducting cuprates. An advantage of this sample rather than other types of

electron-doped systems is that the absence of rare earth moments such as Pr3+

moments in Pr1-xLaCexCuO4. Using Eu2-xCexCuO4 samples, we can directly observe

the dynamic behavior of Cu-spins and effects of impurity to them without any

magnetic disturbance. Thus, this system would be a good candidate to achieve the

answer to the objective of this proposed study. In any case, this proposed study will

give us the important information of the mechanism of superconductivity based upon

the dynamical stripe correlations in the high-Tc superconducting cuprates.

All samples of electron-doped high-Tc superconducting cuprates Eu2-x+yCex-

yCu1-yFeyO4 will be prepared in Padjadjaran University. On the other hand, in the first

year, Tohoku University will support all magnetic characterizations such as

susceptibility measurements using SQUID magnetometer (Quantum Design, Model

MPMS-XL5), and in the second year, The Physical and Chemical Research Institute

(RIKEN), Japan will support all muon spin relaxation measurements using SR

spectroscopy in RIKEN-Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) muon facility at

Oxford, UK.

1.2 Objective

The main purpose of the proposed study is to elucidate whether the dynamic

stripes are a key phenomena for the high-Tc superconductor or not and whether the

hole-electron doping symmetry is observed in the high-Tc superconductor or not. We

aim to clarify the dynamic property of magnetic state in electron-doped high-Tc

3

superconducting cuprates. In order to investigate the dynamic property of

stripes, a pinning effect by impurities is a good way to be studied. Here, we

chose Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4 to understand Fe-induced magnetic state in

electron-doped high-Tc superconducting cuprates and to achieve the answer to

the objective of this proposed study.

1.3 Ouput

After finishing this research program, we will be able to prepare one

international publication every year (two international publications in total for

two year) and all the results will be presented in one international conference

every year (twice international conferences in total for two years) based on

research collaboration with Tohoku University and RIKEN, Japan. This

research also become one part of research theme in the road map of research

collaboration on the basis scheme of MoU between four Universities (UNPAD,

ITB, ITS, UGM) and RIKEN Nishina Center, Japan as shown in Table 1. In

addition, this research collaboration will give the opportunity for undergoing

of undergraduate student to take final project related to this field.

4

Table 1. Roadmap for exploration of new materials for energy applications on the

basis scheme of MoU between UNPAD, ITB, ITS, UGM and RIKEN Nishina

Center, Japan.

Short Term

(2013- 2015)

Medium Term

(2015 - 2017)

Long Term

(2018 - 2020)

Infrastructure

and Facility

Development

Prototype

Development

Designs and

fabrications of

active working

device models and

the prototypes.

Prototype

Performance

Testing and

Characterization

Laboratory Output :

international

publications and

Patents

Applied

Research

Exploration and verification of novel

functionalities of new materials and

new structures

Physical Properties

Measurement for

energy efficiency

Laboratory Output : international publications

Fundamental

Aspects

The correlation between the structural properties and the

functionalities in composite materials and organic-

inorganic compounds for energy applications (solar cell,

thermoelectric and dissipation less power transmission).

Sample Preparation

Laboratory for

composite

materials, organic-

inorganic hybrids

Laboratory.

Physical Properties

Measurement

System Laboratory,

Material

Computation

Laboratory

Output : international publications

5

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE STUDY

Superconductor is a material showing a phenomenon that has zero electrical

resistivity when they are cooled down to sufficiently low temperatures. The

temperature at which the electrical resistivity starts to be zero is called the critical

temperature (Tc). Because of this phenomenon, some applications are developed for

future technology especially for energy saving such as for superconductor cable

without any energy loss of electric power transmission and high performance power

storage devices.

Most of superconductors are cuprate compounds. These superconducting

cuprates are often called high-Tc superconducting cuprates (HTSC). The era of high-

Tc superconducting cuprates began when Bednorz and Muller reported possible

superconductivity in single-layer cuprates called 214 cuprates (Bednorz et al., 1986).

The parent compound of these cuprates is La2CuO4. Superconductivity appears by

randomly substituting some Sr atoms for La and forming La2-xSrxCuO4. When a La3+

ion is replaced by Sr2+

, the CuO2 plane loses one electron so that one mobile hole

remains in the CuO2 planes, leading to the formation of a hole-doped cuprate. Another

family of single-layer cuprates is the electron-doped (Nd, Pr, Sm)-Ce-Cu-O. In these

materials, when a Nd3+

or Pr3+

or Sm3+

is replaced by Ce4+

, the CuO2 plane gets an

excess electron, leading to the formation of an electron-doped cuprates (Tokura et al.,

1989). All of the crystals have common structures consist of both the conduction layer

(CuO2 plane) and the charge reservoir layer. CuO2 planes are responsible for their

electronic properties.

Figure 1. Schematic phase diagram of the hole- and electron-doped 214 cuprate. AF

and SC indicate antiferromagnetic order and superconductivity, respectively.

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0

T

x x

AF

SS

Electron-doped Hole-doped

Electron doping Hole doping

0.3

100

200

300

6

The so-called hole-electron doping symmetry in the high-Tc cuprates has been

one of central interests in relation to the mechanism of the high-Tc superconductivity.

Phase diagrams of the hole- and electron-doped systems are very similar to each other.

That is, the parent compounds are both Mott insulators exhibiting long-range

antiferromagnetic order with similar values of the Neel temperature. The

superconducting phases appear through doping holes or electrons into the Mott

insulators as shown in Fig 1. These properties lead to the view of hole-electron doping

symmetry. On the other hand, some properties in the electron-doped superconductors

have been found to be different from those in the hole-doped superconductors, leading

to the hole-electron doping asymmetry. First, the effectiveness of carriers for

destroying the long-range antiferromagnetic order is different between the hole- and

electron-doped systems. In the electron-doped system of Nd2-xCexCuO4, the long-

range antiferromagnetic order survives up to x ~ 0.13 (Takagi et al., 1989), while it

survives only up to x ~ 0.02 in the hole-doped system of La2-xSrxCuO4.

Secondly, in the inelastic neutron-scattering measurements, an

incommensurate spin-correlation, which may be due to the so-called dynamically

fluctuating stripes of spins and holes (Tranquada et al., 1995), has been found in the

hole-doped system (Yamada et al., 1998). In the electron-doped system, on the other

hand, a commensurate spin-correlation, which is related to the simple

antiferromagnetic order, has been observed (Yamada et al., 2003).

Impurity-substitution effects to the some physical properties have been also

intensively studied to understand the role and mechanism of superconductivity.

Different behaviors between the hole- and electron-doped systems are also observed.

For examples, the superconductivity in the electron-doped system is suppressed

through the substitution of magnetic Ni for Cu more markedly than through the

substitution of nonmagnetic Zn for Cu (Tarascon et al., 1990), which is contrary to

the result in the hole-doped system (Xiao et al., 1990).

From the view of the Cu-spin dynamics properties, one of important

phenomena in the 214 cuprates is that in hole-doped system, charge in the CuO2 plane

are not distributed homogeneously but form quasi-one-dimensional charge stripes.

The charge stripes are manifestation of a self-organized state. In 1995, Tranquada et

al. suggested a stripe model of spins and holes from neutron scattering measurements

to understand the mechanism of the 1/8 anomaly around p = 1/8 (Tranquada et al.,

1995). That is, dynamically fluctuating stripes are pinned and stabilized by the

7

tetragonal low-temperature structure (space group: P42/ncm), leading to the static

stabilization and suppression of superconductivity at p = 1/8. These results can be

well described using the stripe model. This model consists of hole (charge) domains

and spin domains. Charge stripes refer to a charge density wave (CDW) and spin

stripes refer to a spin density wave (SDW). From ZF-SR measurements, it has been

found that a slight amount of Zn tends to induce slowing down of the Cu-spin

fluctuations in the whole superconducting regime of hole-doped system, which is able

to be interpreted as being due to pinning and stabilization of the dynamically

fluctuating stripes of spins and holes (Risdiana et al., 2008, Adachi et al., 2008).

Figure 2. ZF-SR time spectra of hole-doped La2-xSrxCu0.97Zn0.03O4 with x = 0.15 -

0.30 at 0.3 K (Risdiana et al., 2008).

Figure 2 shows the ZF-SR time spectra at 0.3 K for La2-xSrxCu0.97Zn0.03O4 with x

= 0.15 - 0.30 (Risdiana et al., 2008). The muon-spin depolarization becomes weak

with increasing x but still shows an exponential-like depolarization at x = 0.27. The

exponential-like depolarization disappears at x = 0.30 where the superconductivity

also disappears in the Zn-free y = 0. Therefore, these results suggest that the pinning

of the dynamically fluctuating stripes occurs in the overdoped regime as well, that is,

the stripe-pinning model holds good even for overdoped La2-xSrxCuO4. This result

might point to the importance of the dynamical stripe correlations in the appearance

of high-Tc superconductivity in the hole-doped system (Emery et al., 1999).

For Fe substitution samples of La2-xSrxCu1-yFeyO4, it has been found that the magnetic

transition temperature and magnetic correlation are enhanced through the 1% Fe

substitution in a wide range of hole concentration where superconductivity appears in

Fe-free La2−xSrxCuO4 (Suzuki et al., 2012).

8

Figure 3. Temperature dependence of the depolarization rate of the slowly

depolarizing component λ0 for typical values of x in La2−xSrxCu1−yFeyO4 with y = 0.01

(Suzuki et al., 2012).

Figure 3 show the temperature dependence of the depolarization rate of the

slowly depolarizing component λ0 for typical values of x in La2−xSrxCu1−yFeyO4 with y

= 0.01 (Suzuki et al., 2012). It appears that two peaks of λ0 observed in x = 0.16

originate from the stripe order of Cu spins at low temperatures below ~ 4 K and from

the spin-glass state of Fe spins at temperatures below ~ 15 K. Therefore, it is guessed

that the two magnetic state change with changing hole doping.

In other hand, the mechanism of superconductivity in the electron-doped high-

Tc cuprates has not yet been clarified also. It is of great interest whether the stripe-

pinning model holds good even for the electron-doped system or not and whether the

mechanism in the electron-doped high- Tc cuprates is different from that in the hole-

doped ones or not. We measured the ZF-SR time spectra of Pr0.86LaCe0.14Cu1-

yZnyO4+- with y = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 and large values (Risdiana et al., 2010). It is

found that the spectra are independent of the Zn concentration, meaning that no

impurity-induced slowing down of the Cu-spin fluctuations is detected in electron-

doped Pr0.86LaCe0.14CuO4+-. That is, Zn impurities do not appear to affect the Cu-

spin dynamics, which is very different from the results of hole-doped La2-xSrxCu1-

yZnyO4 as shown in Fig. 2. This may be understood in two ways. First, there may be

no dynamically fluctuating stripes of spins and electrons in the electron-doped

cuprates, because the dynamical stripes lead to the impurity-induced magnetic order

in the hole-doped cuprates (Adachi et al., 2004). Second, the effect of Pr3+

moments

may be too strong for the effect of a small amount of Zn impurities to be observed. To

9

be conclusive, another electron-doped cuprate without Pr3+

moments such as Eu2-

xCexCuO4 should be used for this study. An advantage of this sample rather than other

types of electron-doped systems is that the absence of rare earth moments such as Pr3+

moments in Pr1-xLaCexCuO4. Using Eu2-xCexCuO4 samples, we can directly observe

the dynamic behavior of Cu-spins and effects of impurity to them without any

magnetic disturbance. Thus, this system would be a good candidate to achieve the

answer to the objective of this proposed study.

Due to the previous study of effect of Fe on the Cu-spin dynamics in hole-

doped system, partially Fe substitution in electron-doped cuprates is potential

impurity to study the Cu-spin dynamics in the electron-doped system. Therefore, the

study of spin dynamics in the electron-doped system and the following comparison

with the results of the hole-doped system will lead to an understanding of the general

mechanism of the superconductivity.

10

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE AND ADVANTAGES

3.1 Objective

The main purpose of this research is to elucidate whether the dynamic stripes

are a key phenomena for the high-Tc superconductor or not and whether the hole-

electron doping symmetry is observed in the high-Tc superconductor or not. We aim

to clarify the dynamic property of magnetic state in electron-doped high-Tc

superconducting cuprates. In order to investigate the dynamic property of stripes, a

pinning effect by impurities is a good way to be studied. Here, we chose Eu2-x+yCex-

yCu1-yFeyO4 to understand Fe-induced magnetic state in electron-doped high-Tc

superconducting cuprates and to achieve the answer to the objective of this research.

3.2 Advantages

The advantages of this research are listed below.

a. These studies will be useful for comparison with our previous study in electron-

doped Pr1-xLaCexCu1-yZnyO4 and hole-doped La2-xSrxCu1-yFeyO4 to find the key

phenomena for explaining the appearance of high-Tc superconductivity in the

point of view spin dynamics properties.

b. Understanding the physical theory about phenomena for the high-Tc

superconductor especially about the hole-electron doping symmetry.

c. After finishing this research program, we will be able to prepare one international

publication every year (two international publications in total for two year)

d. This research collaboration will give the opportunity for undergoing of

undergraduate student to take final project related to this field.

11

CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The method of our research is experimental research described in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Diagram Block for research methodology

Figure 4 shows the research methodology of our proposal. First part is samples

preparations. Polycrystalline samples of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4 (ECCFO) with x =

0.15 and y = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.05 were prepared by the ordinary solid-

state reaction method as follows. From April to July 2014, we prepared

Polycrystalline samples of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4 (ECCFO) with x = 0.15 and y = 0,

0.005, and 0.02. Raw materials of Eu2O3, CeO2, CuO and Fe2O3 powders were mixed

in a stoichiometric ratio and prefired in air at 900oC for 20 h. The prefired materials

are reground and pressed into pellets of 10 mm in diameter, and sintered in air at

1000oC for 16 h with repeated regrinding. As-grown samples of ECCFO, are annealed

in flowing Ar gas of high purity (6N) at various temperature between 950oC for 10 h

in order to remove the excess oxygen at the apical site. All samples preparations will

be doing in Unpad. Second part is checking quality and measuring magnetic

properties of the samples such as XRD, resistivity and DC magnetic-susceptibility

measurements that carried out at low temperatures down to 2 K using a standard

SQUID magnetometer (Quantum Design, Model MPMS-XL5) in a magnetic field of

5 Oe on field cooling. All the second parts have been doing in Koike Laboratory at

Tohoku University and at the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory in the UK.

Samples Preparations Magnetic properties

measurements Mixed Eu2O3, CeO2,

CuO, Fe2O3

Prefire 900oC, 20 h

Reground and press

Sinter 1100oC, 16 h

Anneal 950oC, 10 h

X-Ray Diffraction

Susceptibility

12

CHAPTER V

RESULTS

5.1 Crystal Growth

Polycrystalline samples of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4 with x = 0.15 and y = 0,

0.005, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030 and 0.050 were prepared by the ordinary solid-state

reaction method. Raw materials of powders were mixed in a stoichiometric ratio and

prefired in air at 900oC for 20 h. Figure 5 shows raw materials of powders after mixed

in stoichiometric ratio. The grey color of raw materials after mixed is observed.

Figure 5. Raw materials of powders after mixed

The prefired materials are reground and pressed into pellets of 10 mm in

diameter, and sintered in air at 1000oC for 16 h with repeated regrinding. The samples

after sintering are called As-grown samples of ECCFO. As-grown samples of

ECCFO are annealed in flowing Ar gas of high purity (6N) at various temperatures in

between 820 to 930oC for 8 to 20 h in order to remove the excess oxygen at the apical

site. The reduced oxygen content δ was estimated from the weight change before and

after annealing. Figure 6 shows samples after annealing at 860 oC (a) and 900

oC (b)

for 13 hours.

Figure 6.Samples after annealing at 860 oC (a) and 900

oC (b) for 13 hours

(a) (b)

13

Table 2 shows the summary of annealing conditions and delta (δ) after calculated

using equations

. The values of δ are varying between

0.00896 and 0.462. The annealing processes can be reduced oxygen contents.

However, the value of δ cannot be controlled well.

Table 2. Annealing conditions and δ for various samples of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ

No Composition Annealing Condition (g) (g)

Temperature (oC) Time (h)

1 y = 0 930 20 0.8132 0.8055 0.255

2 y = 0.02 930 20 1.4425 1.4295 0.242

3 y = 0.005 930 20 1.2080 1.1956 0.277

4 y = 0 920 20 1.1719 0.1.1647 0.1638

5 y = 0.02 920 20 0.6655 0.6591 0.258

6 y = 0.005 920 20 0.6670 0.6555 0.462

7 y = 0 900 13 0.5836 0.5812 0.110

8 y = 0.02 900 13 0.5543 0.5519 0.116

9 y = 0.005 900 13 0.5732 0.5714 0.083

10 y = 0 880 20 1.0624 1.0586 0.0967

11 y = 0.02 880 20 0.8181 0.8132 0.161

12 y = 0.005 880 20 0.9636 0.9578 0.162

13 y = 0 860 13 1.0067 1.0040 0.072

14 y = 0.005 860 13 0.9441 0.9426 0.043

15 y = 0.02 860 13 0.9658 0.9630 0.078

16 y = 0.02 860 13 0.4858 0.4844 0.077

17 y = 0.005 860 15 0.4891 0.4886 0.0275

18 y = 0 860 15 0.6365 0.6327 0.1225

19 y = 0.02 860 15 0.6017 0.5989 0.1250

20 y = 0.02 860 15 0.4861 0.4852 0.0497

21 y = 0.02 860 15 0.3008 0.2991 0.1518

22 y = 0 850 14 1.001 0.9976 0.0912

23 y = 0.01 850 14 0.6248 0.6234 0.0600

24 y = 0.02 850 14 0.7866 0.7856 0.0342

25 y = 0.03 850 14 0.9317 0.9312 0.0144

26 y = 0.05 850 14 0.8995 0.8992 0.00896

27 y = 0 850 12 0.8650 0.8630 0.06210

28 y = 0.01 850 12 0.9395 0.9371 0.06861

29 y = 0.02 850 12 0.5249 0.5236 0.0665

30 y = 0.03 850 12 0.6165 0.9371 0.03920

14

No Composition Annealing Condition (g) (g)

Temperature (oC) Time (h)

31 y = 0.05 850 12 0.8650 0.8630 0.00986

32 y = 0 820 14 0.7712 0.7704 0.0279

33 y = 0.005 820 14 1.1412 1.1402 0.0235

34 y = 0.01 820 14 0.5933 0.5924 0.0407

35 y = 0.02 820 14 1.1744 1.1733 0.0252

36 y = 0.03 820 14 1.0824 1.0814 0.0248

37 y = 0.05 820 14 0.9253 0.9249 0.0116

38 y = 0 850 8 0.9348 0.9336 0.0345

39 y = 0.005 850 8 1.1746 1.1733 0.0297

40 y = 0.01 850 8 1.3799 1.3786 0.0253

41 y = 0.02 850 8 0.9726 0.9717 0.0249

42 y = 0.03 850 8 1.0635 1.0628 0.0117

43 y = 0.05 850 8 1.0147 1.0137 0.0265

44 y = 0 830 10 0.4868 0.4868 0

45 y = 0.005 830 10 0.6243 0.6237 0.0260

46 y = 0.01 830 10 0.7278 0.7274 0.0150

47 y = 0.02 830 10 0.9133 0.9126 0.0206

48 y = 0.03 830 10 0.7211 0.7205 0.0224

49 y = 0.05 830 10 0.6632 0.6632 0

50 y = 0 850 10 0.3221 0.3216 0.041

51 y = 0.005 850 10 0.5445 0.5938 0.034

52 y = 0.01 850 10 0.7499 0.7492 0.025

53 y = 0.02 850 10 0.6542 0.6535 0.028

54 y = 0.03 850 10 0.6407 0.6403 0.016

55 y = 0.05 850 10 0.7595 0.7592 0.01

56 y = 0 850 11 0.2296 0.2292 0.0468

57 y = 0.005 850 11 0.4542 0.4534 0.0473

58 y = 0.01 850 11 0.2479 0.2475 0.0433

59 y = 0.02 850 11 0.1028 0.1026 0.0523

60 y = 0.03 850 11 0.4769 0.4764 0.0282

61 y = 0.05 850 11 0.5679 0.5677 0.0090

Samples with δ values larger than 0.09 have a color changed in their surfaces. We

believe it is because over-heated or over-reduced of oxygen content. Over-reduced

oxygen content made de-composed the material in samples. The red color of surface

after over-reduced annealing process is believed to be coming from Cu.

15

5.2 XRD Measurement

All of the samples were characterized through the powder X-ray diffraction

(XRD) using X-Ray Bruker D8 Advance.

Figure 7 shows XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y

= 0 at various δ values. All main peaks of ECCO are shown in the spectra

indicating high qualities of samples are formed for δ values smaller than 0.09. For

δ values larger than 0.09, some impurities peaks are observed due to de-

composition of samples because of over-reduction of oxygen.

Figure 7. XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y = 0 at various

δ values

Figure 8 shows XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y = 0.005

at various δ values. There is no unexpected peak in all spectra indicating high

qualities of samples in the range

(a) Eu1.85Ce0.15CuO4+

As-grown

Inte

nsi

ty (

arb

. u

nit

s)

(c) Eu1.85Ce0.15CuO4+

= 0.0410

(a) Eu1.85Ce0.15CuO4+

As-grown

(d) Eu1.85Ce0.15CuO4+

= 0.0345

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

(e) Eu1.85Ce0.15CuO4+

= 0.0621

2

(b) Eu1.85Ce0.15CuO4+

= 0.110

(f) Eu1.85Ce0.15CuO4+

= 0.0912

(f) Eu1.85Ce0.15CuO4+

= 0.0967

Inte

nsi

ty (

arb

. u

nit

s)

(g) Eu1.85Ce0.15CuO4+

= 0.1225

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

2

(g) Eu1.85Ce0.15CuO4+

= 0.0468

16

Figure 8. XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y = 0.005 at

various δ values

Figures 9, 10, 11, 12 show pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y =

0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.05 at various δ values, respectively. Generally, with increasing

Fe concentration, unexpected peaks are observed even in the lower δ values below

0.09. We assumed that substitution of Fe affected to the de-composition of samples

during oxygen reduction.

0

= 0.03410 H

Eu1.855Ce0.145Cu0.995Fe0.005O4+

0

= 0.02978 H

10 20 30 40 50 60 700

= 0.047311 H

2 (degree)

Inte

nsi

tas

(arb

Unit

)

0

As Grown = 0

17

Figure 9. XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y = 0.01 at

various δ values

Figure 10. XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y = 0.02 at

various δ values

0

Eu1.86Ce0.14Cu0.99Fe0.01O4+

= 0.02538 H

0

= 0.025210 H

0

= 0.040711 H

10 20 30 40 50 60 700

= 0.0686112 H

2 (degree)

Inte

nts

itas

(ar

b U

nit

)

0

As Grown = 0

Eu1.87Ce0.13Cu0.98Fe0.02O4+

10 20 30 40 50 60 700

= 0.066512 H

2 (degree)

Inte

nsi

tas

(arb

Un

it)

18

Figure 11. XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y = 0.03 at

various δ values

Figure 12. XRD pattern of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with x = 0.15 and y = 0.05 at

various δ values

0

= 0.01778 H

Eu1.88Ce0.12Cu0.98Fe0.03O4+

Inte

nsi

tas

(arb

. U

nit

)

10 20 30 40 50 60 700

= 0.039212 H

2 (degree)

0

As Grown = 0

0

= 0.02658 H

Eu1.9Ce0.1Cu0.95Fe0.05O4+

10 20 30 40 50 60 700

= 0.098612 H

2 (degree)

0

As Grown = 0

0

= 0.0110 H

Inte

nsi

tas

(arb

. U

nit

)

19

5.3 DC Magnetic-Susceptibility

DC magnetic-susceptibility measurements were carried out at low

temperatures down to 2 K using a standard SQUID magnetometer (Quantum

Design, Model MPMS-XL5) in a magnetic field of 5 Oe on field cooling. A

sintered pellet of the polycrystalline sample was pulverized to be powdered. The

powdered sample with 50-80 mg in weight was covered with parafilm and

inserted into a plastic tube as shown in Figure 13.

Figure 13. Preparation of the powdered sample for DC magnetic-susceptibility

measurements

Figure 14. DC magnetic-susceptibility on zero-field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling

(FC) for Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ with with x = 0.15 and y = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.020,

0.030 and 0.0050 at various δ values.

0 10 20 30-6

-4

-2

0

Eu1,85+y Ce0.15-yCu1-yFeyO4+

(1

0-4

emu/g

r)

y = 0 , = 0.0621 y = 0.005 , = 0.02745 y = 0.010 , = 0.0252 y = 0.020 , = 0.0665 y = 0.030 , = 0.0392 y = 0.050 , = 0.0896

T (K)

H = 5 Oe

20

Figure 14 shows temperature dependence of dc magnetic-susceptibility on field

cooling at 5 Oe for Eu1.85+yCe0.15-yCu1-yFeyO4+- with y = 0 - 0.050 and values from

0.0252 to 0.0896. For impurity-free samples of y = 0, diamagnetic behavior with

smaller than 0 is observed starting from about 15 K. This temperature can be defined

as Tc onset for this sample. For y = 0.005, Tc onset decreases to be around 10 K. The

trace of superconductivity disappeared at y 0.020. It is indicating that impurity Fe

successfully disturbing spin-spin correlation in Cu layer in electron-doped

superconducting cuprates.

The volume fraction of the superconducting state, VSC, has been estimated from

the absolute value of at 2 K. The value of at 2 K of impurity-free samples is

assumed as correspond to 100 % of VSC. The value of VSC for each impurity-

substituted sample is estimated using equation below :

.

χECCO is the value of at 2 K for impurity-free samples, χECCFO is the value of at 2 K

for Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ..

Figure 15. Fe concentration (y) dependence of superconductor volume fraction VSC

for Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ.

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.050

20

40

60

80

100

Eu1,85+yCe0.15-yCu1-yFeyO4+

VS

C (

%)

y

21

Figure 15 shows Fe concentration (y) dependence of volume fraction of the

superconducting state (VSC). It is found that VSC decreases markedly from 100 % to

30 % with only 0.5 % impurity substitution. VSC is completely zero when the

concentration of Fe is larger than 2 %. From these results, it is found that partially

substitution of magnetic impurity Fe for Cu effectively decreased superconducting

properties of electron-doped superconductor Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ.

22

CHAPTER VI

RESEARCH PLANNING

In the second year, crystal growth with optimization growth condition, XRD and

µSR measurements will be performed.

6.1 Crystal Growth

Polycrystalline samples of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4 (ECCFO) with x = 0.15 and y = 0,

0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.05 will be completely prepared by the ordinary solid-

state reaction method. Annealing condition will be optimized to get high quality

samples with best δ values in between 0.03 and 0.09. For these purposes, variation of

temperatures and times will be needed. The annealing will be performed in Ar gas

flow with temperature between 850 oC and 830

oC for 14, 12 and 10 h.

6.2 XRD Measurements

All of the samples after annealing will be characterized by the powder X-ray

diffraction (XRD) at Tohoku University.

6.3 µSR measurements

After checking quality and crystal structure of all annealed samples, µSR

measurements will be performed to understand the effect of magnetic impurity Fe to

the Cu-spin dynamics in electron-doped superconductor ECCFO. Muon spin

relaxation (µSR) technique is a very sensitive method for detecting internal magnetic

fields due to ordered magnetic moments or random magnetic fields that are static or

fluctuating with time. A positive muon is an unstable particle with the spin quantum

number S = 1/2 and the life time is only about two millionths of a second. As a muon

stops around an interstitial site and makes precession under a local magnetic field, it is

employed as a pointlike probe of the local magnetic environment around the

interstitial site at which it stops. When the muon spontaneously decays into a positron

and a neutrino-anti-neutrino pair, the positron is emitted to the direction along which

the spin of the muon was oriented. Positrons are detected by two opposing counters

(forward (F) and backward (B) directions). Using the numbers of positrons detected

by the forward and backward counters, F(t) and B(t), the asymmetry, A(t), is then

defined. For µSR measurements, 4 or 5 samples in pellet with diameter of 10 mm

23

were used. Using apiezon N grease, the samples were set on Ag plate attached to the

cryostat. The measurements above 2 K were performed at the RIKEN-RAL muon

facility in the UK. The proposal to perform µSR at RIKEN-RAL muon facility has

been approved.

24

CHAPTER VII

CONCLUSION

Eelectron-doped high-Tc superconducting cuprates of Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ

(ECCFO) with x = 0.15 and y = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.05 have been prepared

in order to investigate the effects of Fe impurities to the magnetic properties in the

electron-doped system. Various annealing conditions resulted samples with δ values

varying between 0.00896 and 0.462. All of XRD data show that all samples have high

quality when the sample has δ values smaller than that of 0.09. DC magnetic-

susceptibility measurements of samples with x = 0.15, y = 0, 0.005 show

superconductivity with Tc onset about 15 K and 10 K, respectively. The trace of

superconductivity disappeared at y 0.020. It is indicating that impurity Fe

successfully disturbing spin-spin correlation in Cu layer in electron-doped

superconducting cuprates.

Volume fraction of the superconducting state (VSC) decreases markedly from

100 % to 30 % with only 0.5 % impurity substitution. VSC is completely zero when

the concentration of Fe is larger than 2 %. From these results, it is found that partially

substitution of magnetic impurity Fe for Cu effectively decreased superconducting

properties of electron-doped superconductor Eu2-x+yCex-yCu1-yFeyO4+α-δ.

25

REFFERENCES

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dynamics and superconductivity in La2-xSrxCu1-y(Zn,Ni)yO4

(x = 0.15-0.20): muon spin relaxation and magnetic

susceptibility study”, Phys. Rev. B 78, 134515.

(Adachi et al.,2004) T. Adachi, S. Yairi, K. Takahashi, Y. Koike, I. Watanabe, K.

Nagamine, 2004, “Muon spin relaxation and magnetic

susceptibility studies of the effects of nonmagnetic

impurities on the Cu spin dynamics and superconductivity in

La2-xSrxCu1-yZnyO4 with x = 0.115”, Phys. Rev. B 69,

184507.

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superconductivity in the Ba−La−Cu−O system”, Phys. B 64,

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(Emery et.al., 1999) V. J. Emery, S. A. Kivelson, J. M. Tranquada, 1999, “Stripe

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(Koike et al., 1992) Y. Koike, A. Kakimoto, M. Mochida, H. Sato, T. Noji, M.

Kato and Y. Saito, 1992, “Superconductivity and Electrical

Resistivity in the T′-Phase Pr2-yLay-xCexCuO4-δ“, Jpn. : J.

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(Risdiana et al., 2010) Risdiana, T. Adachi, N. Oki, Y. Koike, T. Suzuki, I.

Watanabe, 2010, “Muon-spin-relaxation study of the Cu-

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(Risdiana et al., 2008) Risdiana, T. Adachi, N. Oki, S. Yairi, Y. Tanabe, K. Omori,

T. Suzuki, I. Watanabe, A. Koda, W. Higemoto and Y.

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La2-xSrxCu1-yZnyO4 probed by muon spin relaxation”, Phys.

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(Risdiana et al., 2005) Risdiana, T. Adachi, Y. Koike, I. Watanabe and K.

26

Nagamine, 2005, “Absence of the impurity-induced

magnetic order in the electron-doped high-Tc cuprates

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(Suzuki et al., 2012) K. M. Suzuki, T. Adachi, Y. Tanabe, H. Sato, Risdiana, Y.

Ishii, T. Suzuki, I. Watanabe, Y. Koike, 2012, Distinct Fe-

induced magnetic states in the underdoped and overdoped

regimes of La2-xSrxCu1-yFeyO4 revealed by muon spin

relaxation, Physical Review B 86, 014522.

(Takagi et al., 1989) H. Takagi, S. Uchida, Y. Tokura, 1989,“Superconductivity

produced by electron doping in CuO2-layered compounds”,

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Hull, R. Ramesh, 1990, “Magnetic versus nonmagnetic ion

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Uchida, 1995, “Evidence for stripe correlations of spins and

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27

APPENDIX 1

SUPPORTING FACILITIES

All samples of electron-doped high-Tc superconducting cuprates Eu2-

xCexCu1-yFeyO4 will be prepared in Padjadjaran University. We have two

furnaces that needed for growing high-Tc superconducting cuprates. Tohoku

University will support all magnetic characterizations such as susceptibility

measurements using SQUID magnetometer (Quantum Design, Model MPMS-

XL5), and The Physical and Chemical Research Institute (RIKEN), Japan will

support all muon spin relaxation measurements using SR spectroscopy in

RIKEN-Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) muon facility at Oxford, UK.

Furnace (UNPAD) XRD D8 ADVANCE Bruker (Tohoku Univ)

28

RESEARCH TEAM AND CONTRIBUTIONS

No Name/NIDN Institution Research

Field

Research

Period

(hours/week)

Contributions

1 Dr. Risdiana, M. Eng.

/0005057501

UNPAD Material

Science

15 Research designing,

Crystal growth,

results analysis,

report

2 Dr. Togar Saragi, M.Si.

/0026086803

UNPAD Material

Science

13 Crystal growth,

Characterization,

results analysis,

report

3 Drs. Wahyu Alamsyah

Sumantri,MS

/0015115202

UNPAD Material

Science

13 Crystal growth,

Characterization,

results analysis,

report

29

SUPPORTING FACILITIES

RESEARCH TEAM AND CONTRIBUTIONS

LIST OF PUBLICATION

NUMBER OF INVOLVED STUDENTS

FORMULIR EVALUASI ATAS CAPAIAN LUARAN KEGIATAN