RESEARCH

Questions for the Board Exams..

All the following are necessary to plan and conduct a case-controlled study, EXCEPT:

A. Developing and testing research instruments B. Defining the disease and exposure of interest C. Selecting cases and defining a control group D. Determining the duration of observational (study)

period.In any research, one starts with: A. The procurement of funds and materials B. Collection of data C. Preparation of the study design D. Identification and definition of the problem.

An investigation done to compare the prevalence of alcohol intake among liver cancer patients and lung cancer patients. What kind of study is this?

A. Descriptive C. Case-control B. Cross sectional D. ExperimentalThe following statements are true of clinical trials,

EXCEPT A. It is usually preventive in purpose B. Like analytic studies, the experimental and control

groups are taken from the same population C. Randomization in the assignment of subjects to the

experimental and control groups D. None of the above

Although more stringent in testing hypothesis of cause, cohort studies have the following limitations

A. Period of follow-up is generally longB. Generally expensiveC. Generally require large population for studyD. Association between suspected cause and disease is

underestimated.

A research problem is considered researchable ifA. It affects a large number of peopleB. It can be solved by researchC. It is broad enough to allow adequate studyD. It has practical applicability.

• Factors to consider in choosing the method of data collection include the following , EXCEPT

A. Probability of good coverageB. Availability of time and facilities.C. Acceptability of procedures and methods to the

subjects.D. Need for personal skillBecause of the inherent weakness, this method is not

widely utilized in the collection of scientific dataA. Census C. RegistrationB. Questionnaire method D. Case records

This part of the research paper provides the background of the study

A. Introduction C. Review of related lit

B. Abstract D. Statement of the pro

blem.

Studies designed to test hypothesis of causation include:

A. Community trials C. X-sectional

B. Case-control D. All of the above

A study is done to prove that myocardial infarction can be minimized through physical exercises among individuals at risk of developing myocardial infarction

A. Clinical trialB. Intervention trialC. Therapeutic trialD. Case control study

A well defined group of people who have had a common experience or exposure who are then followed up for the incidence of new disease or events is a

• Variable C. Case• Sample D. Cohort

A study comparing the prevalence of Hepatitis B infection among government and private hospitals falls under

A. Descriptive study C. Case control

B. Cohort study D. Cross sectional

The method of collecting data which utilizes only a sample of a given population is

A. Registration method B. Census

C. Survey D. Case record

In writing a research proposal, the formal statement about the most likely outcome of the proposed research falls under:

A. Literature review B. Methodology

C. Hypothesis D. Objective

A good sampling design should have a sample that is

A. Adequate C.Appropriate

B. Representative D. All of the above

The object or person from which a measurement of a variable is taken

A. Elementary unit C. Target populationB. Respondent D. SampleA simple random sample may be drawn fromA. Table of random numbersB. Computer generatedC. List and draw lotteryD. All of the above

To determine the accuracy of a diagnostic test compared to a gold standard

A. Validity test C. BothB. Reliability test D. NeitherIntervention studies have this

characteristic/sA. Randomization C. BothB. Manipulation D. Neither

An example of analytical study

A. Cohort C. Cross sectional

B. Case control D. All of the above

Characteristic of exploratory study, EXCEPT

A. Requires a control group

B. Small sample size

C. Tests for new idea/opinion

D. Descriptive study

In cohort studies, the time reference with respect to risk factor is

A. Present to futureB. Past to presentC. Future to presentD. No time referenceThe term “prospective study” is often applied toA. Case control studyB. Cohort studyC. Cross sectional studyD. All of the above

A method of data collection whereby the investiator takes part in the situation and records what he sees, feels and hears

A. InterviewB. Questionnaire administrationC. Focus group discussionD. Participant observationFactor affecting the choice of study designA. Nature of the problemB. Information availabilityC. Availability of resourcesD. All of the above

In a study on “late health seeking” as a factor in “High Infant Deaths”, would have “infant deaths” as the

A. Dependent variableB. Independent variableC. Confounding variableD. Background variable A study wherein those exposed to the risk is compared

to those not exposed and at a later time, the researcher compares the occurrence of the disease between the two groups

A. Intervention C. CohortB. Case control D. Cross sectional

Stratified random sampling is described accurately as:A. Sampling a clusterB. Based on selecting every individualC. Random sampling of separate sections of the

populationD. Randomly grouping the populationAmong women, aged 18-34 in a community, weight is

normally distributed with a mean of 52 k and a standard deviation of 7.5 k. What percentage of women have a weight over 59.5 k

A. 2.5% B. 5% C. 10% D. 20%

If the null hypothesis is rejected, it means thatA. There is a significant statistical difference in the results between the

study and control groups.B. The study group shows significantly better results compared to the

control group.C. It proves that one is a better treatment option compared to another.D. All of the above.If the mean and standard deviation are the focal measurements in a

study with a sample size of over 25, the appropriate statistical test to measure significance of the result is

A. t-test B. Z-test C. Chi square test D. None of the aboveIn determining the point estimate of a measurement, one should have

data onA. Mean B Median C. Mean and standard deviation D. Mean, Median, mode

Example of descriptive statisticsA. Mean and standard deviationB. Median and percentile distributionC. Mode D. All of the aboveA statistical test to determine the existence of

an association between feeding practice of mothers and nutritional status of 9 month old infants with the same birth weights.

A. Z-test B. Chi square test C. Validity test D. t-test