Research Skill Lecture

8/12/2019 Research Skill Lecture

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Critical Reviewing of Results, Discussions,Conclusions, Future Work and Referencing

J M Nouri

[email protected]

Room C113


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Matters important to Examiners

Results

Do the results obtained relate to the questions posed?

Is the level and form of analysis appropriate for the data?

Has the data uncertainties been identif ied and quantified?

Is the graphs are readable and easy to follow?

Could the presentation of the results been made clearer?

Are patterns and trends in the results accurately identified

and summarized?


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Matters important to Examiners

Discussion and Conclusions Is the candidate aware of possible limits to

confidence/reliability/validity of the work?

Have the main points emerged from the results been picked

up for discussion?

Have proper comparisons to previous works OR links to the

literature been made?

Is there evidence of attempts at theory building?

Are there speculations? Are they well grounded in the

results?


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RESULTS

Before presenting your results Make sure that you have described the conditions under which

the data were obtained and processed, for example:

What parameters were kept constant?

What were the other relevant parameters?

Cleary describe your definitions for data processing

Make sure that you have used appropriate data analysis and

described them fully. Provide justification if you are using a non-

conventional analysis.

Make sure that you have used appropriate statistical analysis.

Where applicable, show measurement errors and standard

errors on the graphs.


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RESULTS

Plotting Graphs

The origin and intercepts are important and should be clearlyidentified.

Proper selection of scales so that the curves are clearly visible.

Make sure you use similar scale throughout. That makes

comparison much easier Make sure that the captions provide full details of

measurements/calculations operating conditions.

When plotting several curves in a graph, make sure that using

different symbols for different curves.

The use of different colour is also good but has to come with

symbols


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RESULTS

Plotting Graphs

Either identify errors and uncertainties by the bar on the curveson mention them in the text; note that you should have a

section error analysis in your Setup Chapter.

If using any types of curve-fit give details in the text and the equationon the graph.

Before discussing your results in details try to give a brief description

of the patterns and changes that your data show.


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DISCUSSION

Once you presented your data then the questions are:

What do they mean

Do they agree with existing theories

How do the results compared with current literature; if not why?

Are they providing new information that were not existed before?

Are they providing/suggesting new theories or mechanisms or

correlations that improve our understating .

Most impotently, do they answer questions that you have set out.


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DISCUSSION

But before answering all above questions you should be confident of

the data your presenting

Are your results repeatable

Are they statistically sound; i.e. changing the number of samples

will result to different pattern.

Have all the errors been accounted for.


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DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION

To interpret your results, what have you learned from your research

Explain and discuss your results in accordance with theory

Compare with previous work; if different explain why

Always remember your research limitation

Do not repeat what you said before


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CONCLUSION

In the beginning give a detail of the aims and objectives

What methodology you have used

A summary of all your finding in the results and discussion section

Provide avenue for future work/research if your study was not able toanswer all questions.


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REFERENCES

List of References

For example:1.Ando, H. andArcoumanis , C. Flow, mixture prepration and Combustion in Four-stroke Direct-

injection Gasoline Engines, Chapter 1 in Flow and Combustion in Reciprocating Engines, Springer

Berlin Heidelberg, 2009.

2.Cavalho, I.S., Heitoyr, M.V. and Santos, D. Liquid film disintegration regimes and proposed

correlations. Int. J. of Multiphase flow, 28, p. 773-789, 2002.

3.Befrui, B., Robart, D. and Reckers, W. LES Simulation of the Internal Flow and Near-Field Spray

Structure of an Outward-Opening GDi Injector and Comparison with Imaging Data. SAE Paper 01-0137, 2008.

4.Marchi A. Internal flow and spray characteristics of an outwards opening pintle-type gasoline-

injector. PhD Thesis, City University London, UK, 2009.

Make sure that all references cited in the text are referred

properly to the list of references.


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REFERENCES

Book

Journal and conference papers Thesis and dissertation

Web Sites

Provid Name of the Authors

Title

Year

Name of the publisher

Documents

Research Skill Lecture