Researchforhealth Lecture Slides Week2part1

8/12/2019 Researchforhealth Lecture Slides Week2part1

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Week 2: Study Design

Understanding Research:

An Overview for Health Professionals

Faculty: Abbey Alkon, RN PNP PhD, Professor

Teaching Assistant: Jarmin Yeh, PhD Student

UCSF School of Nursing


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Study Designs


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Study Designs

o Cohort Studies Prospective or

retrospective

Experimental

- Quasi-experimental

o Cross-Sectional Studies

o Case-Control studies


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Overview of Study Designs

Time

Frame

Cross-

sectional

Case-

control

Prospective

Cohort

Historical

CohortPresent X X X

Present &

Future

X

Past X X

Past &

Present

X X

Analysis

Descriptive X X X X

Analytic X X X


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http://www.flickr.com/photos/darinrmcclure/9059210910/

Whats The Study Design?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/darinrmcclure/9059210910/http://www.flickr.com/photos/darinrmcclure/9059210910/


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How do you know what study design i s

appropriate?

Key Questions:

oWill there be an intervention?

oWhat types of comparisons are made?

oWhat is the time frame of the study?

oHow many times will data be collected?oWhat is the research question?


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Alkon @ 2013

Will there be an inter vention?

Study Design Intervention

Cohort NoCross-sectional No

Case-control No

Experimental Yes


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What is the time frame of the study?

Study Design Time Frame

Cohort Prospective or

retrospectiveCross-sectional One point in time

Case-control Retrospective

Experimental Prospective


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How many times will data be collected?

Study Design Data collection times

Cohort Repeated measuresover time

Cross-sectional One time

Case-control Usually one time

Experimental Repeated measuresover time


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What is the research question?

Study Design Descriptive AnalyticCohort Incidence Association,

predictorsCross-

sectional

Prevalence,

Associations

No causation

Case-control None Identifypredictors;

Experimental Treatmenteffect

Causation


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Question

Morbidity reports received by a county healthdepartment indicated that a number of young womenwho developed viral hepatitis after no knownexposure to the disease had their ears pierced duringthe preceding months. To study the association

between ear piercing and hepatitis, young womenwith viral hepatitis and a group of young women ofsimilar age who attended a family planning clinic anddid not have viral hepatitis were queried about recentear piercing. It was found that 7 of the 48 women with

hepatitis, but only 1 of the 100 women attending thefamily planning clinic, had had their ears piercedwithin the preceding 7 months.

What type of study design is this and why?


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Case-Control Study

1. Will there be an intervention? No2. What comparisons are made? Those with and

without the diagnosis of hepatitis

3. What is the time frame? Retrospective4. How many times will data be collected? Once

5. What is the research question? Is there an

association between ear piercing andhepatitis in young women?


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Question - Answer

Diagnosis: viral hepatitis in young women

Cases: young women with viral hepatitis

Controls: young women matched by age with nodiagnosis of viral hepatitis

Interviews/ Surveysidentify exposure earpiercing during the preceding months

Setting: Family planning clinic

Results: 7 of the 48 women with hepatitis, butonly 1 of the 100 women attending the familyplanning clinic, had had their ears pierced withinthe preceding 7 months.

Documents

Researchforhealth Lecture Slides Week2part1