Residential and Commercial Plumbing

Mr. Lemmons• Ag Mechanics

Objective

The student will be able to:

• identify plumbing materials and perform basic plumbing procedures.

Competencies

• Identify plumbing tools

• Identify and select pipe

• Identify common pipe fittings

• Assemble pipe

• Maintain water systems

Tools

• Bench yoke vise• Chain vise• Chain wrench• Pipe wrench• Hacksaw• File• Pipe Cutter• Reamer

• Tubing cutter• Tap and Dies• Flaring tool• Flaring Block• Channel Locks

Identification

• Pipe is defined as a hollow cylinder or tube used to conduct a liquid, gas, or finely divided solid .

• Pipe fittings- pieces used to connect pipe to itself or other fixtures.

• The nominal, or identifying size of pipe is generally based on the inside diameter. (ID) and outside diameter, (OD) Common sizes used for home or farm are ½, ¾, 1, 1 ¼, 1 ½, 2, 2 ½, 3, 4, 6 inch

Use in the Agriculture area

• Pipe is widely used in irrigation systems for Agriculture as well as:

• Animal housing

• Sewage

• Drinking water

Steel Pipe

• Black or Galvanized

• Black pipe is painted and has very little resistance to rust. **Used for Natural Gas**

• Galvanized pipe is coated with zinc and has good resistance to rust.

• **Used for water applications**

Classification

• Standard- has a specific ID and OD

• Extra Heavy and Double extra heavy - have heavier walls, although the OD remains the same the ID changes.

• All standard fittings will work with the 3 different classifications of pipe

Copper Tubing

• Pipe made of copper is frequently referred to as tubing.

• This tubing is soft and can be bent around irregular shapes so that it can be installed easily. It is preferred to steel because it resist corrosion.

Disadvantages

• High initial cost• High degree of expansion• Bad taste and green stains if the water is slightly acidic

• Type K is the heaviest

• Type L is medium

• Type M is the lightest

Classification

Joining Copper

• Copper pipe may be joined in three ways.

1. Soldering

2. Flaring

3. Compression

Plastic Pipe

• Plastic is the easiest type of pipe to install.

• It is also one of the cheapest.

• The term plastic is used to include all pipe made of synthetic materials.

• If it is to be buried, it must meet guidelines for underground pipe.

Types of Plastic

• PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)– Used for cold water or waste water applications

• CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)– Used for hot water applications

• ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) – used for underground applications

• PE (polyethylene) – used for pump installation, underground, surface

installations. Cold water applications only.

Joining Plastics

• CPVC and PVC are joined by gluing with cement.

• ABS can be joined by gluing or using a neoprene gasket.

• PE must have hose barbs and band clamps

Cast Iron

• Sewer installations

• Available in sizes from 2 in to 6 in.

• Single Hub or Double Hub

• Oakum and lead

• Neoprene gaskets

Cast Iron Joining

Cast Iron Joining

• Oakum and lead

• Neoprene gaskets

Pipe Selection

• Each kind of pipe has advantages and disadvantages. When making repairs it is generally easier to repair systems with the kind of pipe used in the original installation.

New Installations

• When planning a new system, it is important to consider the relative merits of each kind of pipe.

Soldering Copper

Gluing Plastic

Drains

Sink Faucet

Tub Faucet

Valve

Pipe Fittings