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Développements de la microspectrométrie et transfert vers l’industrie
E. Le Coarer
RESIF
Grenoble, a Space City in the Alps
NanoCarb-drone
[email protected] - NanoCarb - CRISTAL
3
Interference plane 633nm
Telescope 50mm
Field mask6x6mm2
Lcol
D=30mmF=75mm
µLPitch=0.3mmF=4mm
CMOS Hdpix2808x1096
Integration of 1 on-drone hyperspectral sensor based on NanoCarb/ATISE hybrid concept Study of vegetation [Laurent Borgniet (IRSTEA), Laurence
Audin (ISTERRE)] 14 spectral channels between 400nm and 1000nm 30x30 pixels of field 6m-swath at an altitude of 50m, and with a spatial
resolution of 20cm
Focal plane
Cubesat 1U
(1 k
g, 1
W, 1
L) 10 cm
10 cm
NanoCarb 6U
The NanoCarb Mission
Unit 1Unit 2
Unit 3
…
Sun-synchronous orbit Constant local time 11:30 am Altitude: 594 km 21 x 5min time-spaced units
A constellation of 21 cubesats to complete the MicroCarb mission with daily resolved data Implementation of a SPOC imaging spectrometer, swath=150km Multiplication of the satellites on the orbit (x10-21) Resolution: 3km Sensitivity: goal 1 ppm of CO2 ; 32ppb of CH4
Land coverageNadir mod
Ocean coverageGlint mod
[Mic
roC
arb
]
Need a drastically miniaturized payload10-100kg => 1-10kg
Design a SPOC-based imaging-FTS
Performance demonstration
10/08/2017 4
SPOC-based spectro-imager designSid
e view
(no
t to sca le
)Fro
nt view
4x optically independent spectral bands4x spectral bands over one single detector
… or 1 detector/band
Payload: 150x40x40 mm3
Estimated consumption ~10W, FPA: 1WIntegration in a 6U-12U platform (<10kg for 6U)
Implementation example in a 6U plateform [ISIS]
10/08/[email protected] - NanoCarb Séminaire OSUG
5
VIPA : high spectral resolution echelle spectrometer
7
Applications
Photonics AeronauticsStructure Health Monitoring
Bio-pharma
L a s e r S p e c t r u m A n a l y z e rW a v e l e n g t h M e t e r
B r a g g I n t e r r o g a t o r R a m a n A n a l y z e r
Laser characterization Process analyticsStructure monitoring
ProCellics™
8
Products for laser analysis
ZOOM Spectra
630-1100 nmUltra-high spectral resolution (2 GHz) High-rate (30 kHz)High absolute accuracy (600 MHz)Trig availableGigaEthernet
MICRO Spectra
630-1100 nmUltra-high spectral resolution CompactUSB2.0
WIDE Spectra
630-1100 nmUltra-high spectral resolution Wide measurement windows (100 nm)USB2.0
OEM-MICRO Spectra
630-1100 nmUltra-high spectral resolution Ultra compactUSB2.0To be embedded
LW-10 Wavelength Meter
20 MHz resolution
200 MHz absolute accuracy
For pulsed and CW lasers
User-friendly software
Compact size
For single frequency lasers only
Tunable laser control
Laser stability control
Frequency locking
Key features Applications
GeoSWIFTS: a nano strainmeter using optical fiber / Bragg gratings and an optically integrated spectrometer
O. Coutant, ISTerre, UGA
E. Le Coarer, IPAG, UGA
F. Thomas, Resolution Spectra
M. De Mengin, SITES Sas
e
GEOSWIFTS Objectives
• Take opportunity of SWIFTS spectrometer characteristics to develop a field and borehole strain sensor using Bragg Gratings on optical fiber
• Such sensors are extremely usefull to records transient signals:– Precursors to earthquake– Precursors to eruption– Transient « long term » deformation (Slow Slip Event)– – They need to resolve down to 1.e-9 strain
• • Optical fibers are a good candidate for borehole
installation • (temperature >80°C, chemical immunity, …)
Example 1: Eruption Soufriere Hill, Montserrat, 2003, Voight et al., 2010, GRL
Strain Signal associated with pyroclastic eruption recorded by a mechanical Sacks-Evertson borehole sensor
Deformation: Volcanology
Slow earthquakes triggered by typhoons, Liu, Linde & Sacks, Nature, 2009
Strainmeter at Taiwan above the subduction zone
Deformation: slow slip event subduction zone
Principle of operation for Bragg gratings optical fiber strain measurement
A Bragg grating inside the optical fiber (periodic variation of light index) acts as a mirror for a given wavelength l depending on the periodicity
Light sourceLight source
l shifMeasurement
using spectrometer
l shifMeasurement
using spectrometer
Pierre Kern / ICSO 5 October 2010
SWIFTS-Lippmann Principle
Wave-guide core
Wave-guide Substrate
Nano-detectors in evanescent field
Stationary wave
Lippmann Interferogram
Monochromatic light case
White light case
Wave-guide core
Wave-guide SubstrateNano-detectors in
evanescent field
Light entrance
Mirror
4 m
Light entrance
Pierre Kern / ICSO 5 October 2010
SWIFTS-Lippmann Principle
Wave-guide core
Wave-guide Substrate
Nano-detectors in evanescent field
Stationary wave
Lippmann Interferogram
Monochromatic light case
White light case
Wave-guide core
Wave-guide SubstrateNano-detectors in
evanescent field
Light entrance
Mirror
4 m
Light entrance
Interference fringes
SPIE – Photonics West – Paper 8992-16 - Photonic Instrumentation Engineering – 3th February 2014
Implementation of the technology
Hybridization on camera
Precise alignment and bonding of the “optical” chip on a detector die (2048 pixels high-rate linear CCD detector)
Fiber connectorization to the singlemode waveguide
Assembly with electronics and mechanical package
High-resolution high-rate mini-spectrometer without any moving parts
= the ZOOM Spectra spectrometer
Coutant, O.; De Mengin, M. & Le Coarer, E.Fabry--Perot optical fiber strainmeter with an embeddable, low-power interrogation systemOptica, Optical Society of America, 2015, 2, 400-404
The optical fiber deformation is proportional to the interference fringe displacement
Experiments at Rustrel LSBB underground facility
• 1st design: Fabry-Pérot ~2cm vertical sensor• 2nd design: Michelson 20m horizontal sensor
Fabry-Pérot vertical 2cm strainmeter
Earth tide recording
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500−100
−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
80
sec
na
nost
rain
Strain estimated from seismometers network
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500−80
−60
−40
−20
0
20
40
60
80
sec
na
no
stra
in
Strain measured from geoswifts
above 25e−9 strain noise level
below 25e−9 strain noise level
Chile Mag 7.8 earthquake recording
2cm Fabry-Pérot noise level
Michelson 20m horizontal sensor
Fox Island Mag 6.9 earthquake recording
Fox earthquake: Amplitude and phase matching
20m Michelson noise level
20m Michelson noise level
Noise ?
20m Michelson noise level
Noise ?
The 20m Michelson is unable to detect the earth tide
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000964
964.5
965
965.5
966
966.5
967pressure
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000−1.5
−1
−0.5
0x 10
−6 deformation
Coupling between pressure and deformation may shadow earth tide signal
13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16−1
−0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5x 10
−8
hours
stra
in
Mariana Mag 7.7 deep earthquake (29−07−16)
noise rms: 0.4e−9
PerspectivesRealization of borehole mono or multiaxial optical fiber sensor using EBM technology (3D titanium impression):
Path indicator
Fiber Path guide
Up to 6 axes
Clamping screw threading
Prototype using 3D plastic impression
Titane 3D printedPorous sample
Conclusion
• Demonstration of small efficient FP fully integrated sensors
Development of borehole instrumentation
• Very sensitive sub-nano Michelson instrumentation – Difficulties to interpret
signals but very promizing
e
