Evaluating Opportunities for Reducing Life-Cycle, Well-to Pump GHG Emissions from Conventional and Unconventional Fuels

Resource Extraction and Upgrading

Crude oil

Oil sands Oil shale

Upgrading

Refining

Opportunity: Oxyfiring for CO2 capture

Opportunity: Oxyfiring for CO2 capture

Transportation

Distribution

Power for CO2 capture

Conventional gaso-line GREET

Oil Sands surface GREET

Oil Sands in situ GREET

Oil shale Shell in situ Brandt (2008)

Green River oil shale ATP (Brandt, 2008)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

TransportRefiningTransport to refineryH productionUpgrading/retortingRecovery

g CO

2 eq

uiv/

MJ f

uel

14 - 21

27-36 27-35, 55*

38 - 62

63 - 80

Baseline Process Heat Efficiency

Oxy case 1 Oxy case 2 Oxy case 30

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

TransportRefining - otherRefining - oxyfiringRec & transpUpstream CO2 capture

G CO

2 eq

uiv.

/MJ f

uel

Opportunity: Improved efficiency

Well-to-Pump Life Cycle GHG Emissions from Conventional and Unconventional Transportation

Fuels

Evaluation of Oxyfiring for CO2 Capture to Reduce GHG Emissions from Refining

Conventional re

finery (85% efficie

nt Proc H

eaters)

Refinery (95% efficie

ncy)

Refinery (97% efficie

ncy)0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

TransportRefiningTransport to refineryRecovery

g CO

2 eq

uiv.

/MJ

Evaluation of Improving Process Heater Efficiency to Reduce GHG Emissions from

Refineries

Case 1: A gas turbine and associated steam production provides power for the ASU and CO2 purification, compression, etc.Case 2: A gas turbine provides power to the ASU and other equipment, but steam from the turbine replaces a portion of the boiler steam. This results in a lower O2 requirement, a smaller ASU, and less cooling water.Case 3: The gas turbine is run in the precombustion decarbonisation mode with part of the oxygen being used for hydrogen production and CO2 removal using MDEA.

72 g CO2 equiv./MJ fuel

K.E. Kelly, J. Dumas, A.F. Sarofim, and D.W. PershingUniversity of Utah