Respiration Notes

I. Overview

A. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts

B. Respiration takes place in the mitochondria

Light Energy

Stored Chemical Energy

(Glucose)

Chloroplasts

MitochondriaUseable

Chemical Energy

orATPUsed in cellular

activities (ex.

Movement)

II. Cellular RespirationA. In mitochondria

B. Converts energy in glucose to usable ATP

C. ATP releases energy when a phosphate breaks off.

A-P-P = ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

P

D. A catabolic reaction that releases energy is called an exergonic rxn.

1. ATPADP + P + Energy2. cellular respiration3. fermentation

E. A reaction that requires (or absorbs) energy is called an endergonic rxn.

1. Energy + ADP + P ATP

F. 2 types of respiration

1. AEROBIC- requires oxygen, Net yield of 36 ATP

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + 38 ATP

2. ANAEROBIC- without oxygen; also known as FERMENTATION; net yield of 2 ATP;

a. Lactic Acid Fermentation; ex. Muscles after exercise

C6H12O6 + 6O2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP

b. Alcoholic Fermentation;

ex. Making bread and alcohol

C6H12O6+ 6O2 Alcohol + 2 ATP

G. Respiration in DETAIL:1. Steps:

a. Glycolysis- glucose is split apart, net 2 ATP produced, 4 ATP total

1) Glucose (6C) split to 2 3C molecules, pyruvic acid (p.238, 113, 209)

2) Anaerobic process3) Electron carrier: NAD+

(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidea) Forms NADH when

carrying electron

4) pyruvic acid loses CO2 and combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA. (p. 238, 210)

a) NADH and H+

b. Citric Acid Cycle- (Krebs Cycle), net 2 ATP, CO2 is released (p. 239)

1) for one glucose = 2 ATP, 4 electron carriers used, NAD+ and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), 6 NADH + H+ & 2 FADH2

a) 2 turns of cycle for glucose

c. Electron Transport Chain- electrons are “passed down” a series of steps, releasing energy. Oxygen is required to “accept” the last electrons.

1) 32 ATP produced, H20 is produced.

2) Very similar to ETC in photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration Flowchart:

Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (O2)

Glycolysis4 total/ 2 net

Krebs Cycle 2 total

Electron Transport Chain 32 total

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H20)

Total: 38 ATPNet: 36 ATP

Draw table 9.2 on p. 243