Upload
gabriella-dorsey
View
217
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Respiratory, Muscular & Skeletal Systems
Specialized Tissues• What are groups
of similar cells called?
• What are the 4 basic types of tissues in animals?
• Tissues
1. Epithelial2. Connective3. Nervous4. Muscle
Epithelial Tissue• Define:
• Examples:
• Include glands and tissues that cover internal and external body structures• Skin• Linings of blood
vessels• Lining of
digestive tract
• Functions: • Protect tissues beneath• Absorption of gases &
nutrients• Secretion of substances• Provide sensation
Connective Tissue• Define:
• Characteristics come from:
• What is the extracellular matrix?
• Provides support for body and connects its parts
• The extracellular matrix
• non-living material that surrounds and supports the living cells.
• Examples: • Blood• Bone• Ligaments/
tendons• Cartilage• Adipose (fat)• Mesenteries
• What is the matrix of blood?
• What are the cells of blood?
• Plasma (55% 0f blood volume)
• Red Blood Cells• White Blood Cells• Platelets
• What is the matrix of bone?
• What are the cells of bone?
• Collagen protein• Calcium
Phosphate
• Osteocytes
• What is the matrix of cartilage?
• What are the cells of cartilage?
• Collagen protein• Elastin fibers
• Chondrocytes
• Why does bone heal quickly?
• Why does cartilage heal slowly/not at all?
• Large blood supply
• No blood supply
Nervous Tissue• Define:
• Examples:
• Tissue that transmits nerve impulses through body
• Brain• Spinal Cord• Sensory & Motor
Nerves
Muscle Tissue• Define:
• Examples:
• Tissue is made of "excitable" cells that are capable of contraction• Most abundant tissue
type in most animals• Skeletal• Smooth• Cardiac
Respiratory System• Function of
system:
• Relationship to cellular respiration:
• Brings about the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood, the air and the tissues of an organism
• Provides O2 to the cells so that glucose can be broken down/converted to ATP
The Respiratory System & Metabolism
• What is cellular metabolism?
• The chemical processes occurring within a living cell that are necessary for the maintenance of life
The Respiratory System & Metabolism, cont.• Building of larger
molecules from smaller ones:• Energy is:
• Breaking down of larger molecules to smaller:• Energy is:
• Anabolism
• Used
• Catabolism
• Released
Structures of Respiratory System• Main organs:
• Place of gas exchange:
• Other structures:
• Lungs
• Alveoli (clusters of air sacs that look like grapes)
• Trachea• Left/Right
Bronchi• Bronchioles• Diaphragm
Muscular System• Function of
system:
• What are the 2 basic types of muscle action?
• To provide movement for and within the body
• Voluntary• Involuntary
Energy Needs of Muscle Types• What cellular
organelle is found in great numbers in muscle cells?• What 2 muscle types
require constant energy?• What 2 muscle types
can require a rapid input of energy?
• Mitochondrion
• Cardiac• Smooth
• Cardiac• Skeletal
Body Systems & Cellular Respiration• What system provides
energy?• What system takes
nutrients, gases & wastes to/from cells?• What system provides gas
exchange?• What system controls
lungs?• What system controls the
others?
• Digestive
• Circulatory
• Respiratory
• Muscular
• Nervous
Skeletal System• Functions: • Supports body
• Protects internal organs• Provides
movement• Stores mineral
reserves• Site of blood cell
formation
Skeletal System, cont.• What is an
endoskeleton?• Organisms with
endoskeleton:
• An internal skeleton• Mammals• Reptiles• Amphibians• Birds• Fish
Skeletal System, cont.• What is an
exoskeleton?• Organisms with
exoskeleton:
• Organisms with both:
• An external skeleton• Insects• Crustaceans• Mollusks
• Tortoise• Armadillo
Skeletal System, cont.• Where do bones
meet?
• What holds 2 or more bones together?
• What attaches muscle to bone?
• Joints
• Ligaments
• Tendons