Respiratory System

Alisha HowellTori Carson

Samantha Sanders

First of What is Respiration?

• Respiration is the act of breathing;– Inhaling (inspiration) is by taking oxygen from the

air into our body system– Exhaling (expiration) breathing carbon dioxide

back into the air

There are two tracks to the System(these are the basic)

• The upper respiratory tract includes the:– nose – nasal cavity – larynx – trachea

• The lower respiratory – tract includes the:– lungs – bronchi – alveoli (site of gas

exchange)

Nose

• Part of the human face that contains the nostril and organs of smell and is the beginning of the respiratory system

• The nose helps us to breathe, smell, filter air that travels to our lungs (even helps us to taste),

Nasal Cavity

• The nasal Cavity conditions the air to be received by the other areas of the respiratory tract.

Larynx

• Sound is generated in the larynx, where pitch and volume are manipulated..

• The larynx ensures that the airways are open so that we can breathe.

Trachea

• Is also known as the windpipe. It’s a bony tube which connects the nose and mouth to the lungs.

• The trachea function is to connect the larynx (also known as Pharynx) to the lungs.

Lungs

• The lungs take in oxygen, which cells need to live and carry out their normal functions.

• Get red of Carbon dioxide

• When you breathe air it enters the body through the nose and mouth.

• Travels down the throat through the larynx and trachea

• Goes into the lungs through tubes called bronchi

Bronchi

• This is the structure in the lungs that looks almost like tree branches. A single tube is known as Bronchus.

• It allows air to pass through it, from here it passes through the further divisions of the bronchi, known as bronchioles

Alveoli• Gas exchange of oxygen and

carbon dioxide takes place in this structure.

• Oxygen diffuses through the walls of the alveoli and adjacent capillaries into the red blood cells. (this oxygenated blood goes to all the tissues throughout the body)

• Carbon dioxide returns to the lung via the blood. It diffuses across the capillary into the alveolar walls into the lungs to be exhaled.

Diaphragm

• Helps pump the carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull oxygen in.

• The diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that lie across the bottom of the chest cavity.

• When it relaxes, breathing takes place, when it contracts, oxygen is pulled into the lungs.

Path of air

• Breathe in through mouth or nose,

• Goes through trachea• Larynx• Into lungs and bronchi

tubes out into the alveoli's where oxygen is put into blood.

• Carbon Dioxide is then exhaled as waste and back out into air.

Intercostal muscles-muscles between the ribsThoracic cavity- chest cavityIntrapulmonary volume- volume in the chest cavity

TERMS TO KNOW

DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESPIRATION

• Internal Respiration• Cellular Respiration• Glycolysis• Citric Acid Cycle• Electron Transfer Chain• Anaerobic Respiration

INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION

• During inspiration, the intercostal muscles (muscles between the ribs) contract, the diaphragm descends, and the rib cage rises. The chest cavity volume increases, stretching the lungs and alveoli, and the lung’s volume increases. This causes the lung’s pressure to drop. Air flows into the lungs until the pressure in the lungs equals the atmospheric pressure.

• During expiration the intercostal muscles relax, the diaphragm rises, and the rib cage descends. The chest cavity volume decreases, causing the lungs to react, and the lung’s volume decreases. This causes the lung’s pressure to rise, and the air flows out of the lungs until the lung’s pressure equals the atmospheric pressure.

EXTERNAL, INTERNAL AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION

• (a)external respiration, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and the organism; (b) internal respiration, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the internal body fluids, such as blood, and individual cells; and (c) cellular respiration, the biochemical oxidation of glucose and consequent synthesis of ATP

Some videos!!! :D

• http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hlw/hlw_when.html (has path way through lungs)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RfCeiK0xtR0&feature=related (owl city version)

• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://d1x5id804q4j2v.cloudfront.net/greatpacificmedia/Movie_Container/circulation_dvd.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.greatpacificmedia.com/&usg=__QTJo_CPgAeH1llNxFs_M-XRi-hA=&h=405&w=600&sz=180&hl=en&start=25&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=FK5H3ZqTlI5cbM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=135&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpath%2Bof%2Bair%2Bgoing%2Bthrough%2Bthe%2Brespiratory%2Bsystem%26start%3D20%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dstrict%26sa%3DN%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26biw%3D1259%26bih%3D622%26tbm%3Disch&ei=YaPKTdzFGsPV0QGYq7WHCA

• This one has pretty much everything that you need to know . :3

SOURCES

• http://science.jrank.org/pages/5827/Respiration.html http://pilatesbasicmat.com/Anatomy/files/img_0205.jpg -PICTURE

• http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter23/animation__alveolar_pressure_changes_during_inspiration_and_expiration.html

References

• http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/lung_diseases/about/anatomy/Pages/index.aspx (slide 2 - )

• http://www.buzzle.com/articles/trachea-function.html (slide 7)

• http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/systems/respiration.html (diaphragm)

• http://www.curoservice.com/parents_visitors/lungs_circulation/structure_alveoli.asp (alveoli)