PowerPoint Presentation

Respiratory SystemChapter 16ComponentsTubes that filter incoming airAir transported to alveoli (gas exchange)respirationRespiration: process of gas exchange between atmosphere and body cellsConsists ofVentilationGas exchange between blood and lungsGas transport in the bloodstreamGas exchange between the blood and body cellsCellular respirationorgansUpper Respiratory Tract (nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx)

Lower Respiratory Tract (larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs)

FrontalsinusNasalcavityOralcavityLarynxBronchusHardpalateNostrilRight lungLeft lungTracheaSoft palatePharynxEpiglottisEsophagusnoseSupported by bone and cartilageProvides an entrance for air Nostril hair filters air

Nasal cavityPosterior to noseCavity has passagewaysLined with mucous membranes and help increase the surface area available to warm and filter incoming air

Particles in air can get trapped in mucus.

What will flush the mucus out?Where will mucus go?Cilia; pharynx; swallow; gastric juice7SinusesAir filled spaces in skullOpen to nasal cavityLined with mucus

Function: lighten skull; resonates voicepharynxFood and air pass through

Helps produce speech sounds

Frontal sinusNostrilHard palateUvulaTongueEpiglottisHyoid boneLarynxTracheaSuperiorMiddleInferiorSphenoidal sinusPharyngeal tonsilNasopharynxOpening ofauditory tubePalatine tonsilOropharynxLingual tonsilLaryngopharynxEsophagusNasalconchaelarynxBetween pharynx and trachea

Functions: Prevents particles from entering tracheaHolds vocal cords

TracheaEpiglottic cartilageHyoid boneThyroid cartilageCricoid cartilageHyoid boneEpiglottic cartilageThyroid cartilageCricoid cartilageTracheaVocal cordsTwo pairsChanging tension controls pitchChanging force of air controls loudnessEpiglottisFlap that covers trachea during swallowing

tracheaAnterior to esophagus..why?Extends into thoracic cavity

Separates into right and left bronchi

Inner wall lined with cilia and mucuswhy?

20 cartilaginous ringsBronchial treeBranched tubes leading from trachea to alveoli

Starts with two main bronchi (right and left.each leads to a lung)

Bronchi lead to bronchiolesalveoliBronchioles lead to alveolar ducts, which lead to alveolar sacs, then end in alveoli

Gas exchange between blood and air

LarynxTracheaLeft superior(upper) lobeLeft inferior(lower) lobeRight middle lobeRight superior (upper) lobeRight main (primary)bronchusLobar (secondary)bronchusSegmental (tertiary)bronchusRight inferior (lower) lobeAlveolar ductAlveolusTerminal bronchioleRespiratory bronchiole

PulmonaryveinPulmonaryarteryPulmonaryarteriolePulmonaryvenuleIntralobular bronchioleAlveolusTerminalbronchioleSmooth muscleAlveolarductAlveolarsacAlveoliCapillary network onsurface of alveolusBlood flowBlood flowRespiratorybronchiole

lungsRight and leftRight has 3 lobes, left has 2 lobes Separated by mediastinumEnclosed by diaphragm and thoracic cage (ribs)

Bronchus and blood vessels enter each lung

PericardialcavityHeartLeft pleuralcavityParietalpleuraVisceralpleuraPlane ofsectionRight pleuralcavityPericardiumPleuraBreathing mechanismVentilation

Composed of two parts: inspiration and exhalationInspirationFlow of air into lungs

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contractThe size of the thoracic cavity increasesIncrease in volume of cavity = decrease in pressure so air flows from high to low pressure

exhalationAir leaving lungs

Largely a passive process which depends on natural lung elasticityAs muscles relax, air is pushed out of lungs

DiaphragmIntra-alveolarpressure(758 mm Hg)Intra-alveolarpressure(760 mm Hg)