Respiratory System MHS Why breathe? CELLULAR RESPIRATION: sugar energy Sugar + Oxygen Water + CO 2 + Energy Need O 2 to turn nutrients energy CO 2 is a waste product. Main parts of Respiratory System Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi / Bronchioles Alveoli / Lungs Role of the nasal cavity The nasal cavity has: 1) CILIA: nose hairs to filter air. 2) CAPILLARIES: blood to warm the air 3) MUCOUS: filter and moisten air The role of the pharynx PHARYNX: a cross-over between the digestive tract and the respiratory system. Air passes through the trachea. Food passes through the esophagus. The role of the larynx Upper part of the trachea the vocal folds. When air goes past the folds, they vibrate, making sound. The role of the trachea Mucus in the trachea captures particles that escaped the nasal cavitys filtration. The cilia move the particles back to the pharynx where they are swallowed down the esophagus. The role of the bronchi The bronchi are lined with cilia and mucous glands. These cilia perform the same function as the cilia in the trachea. The role of the lungs Lungs are filled with bronchioles, which divide into millions of alveoli. The alveolus is surrounded by tiny blood vessels (called capillaries). If more CO 2 in blood into alveolus If more O 2 in the alveolus into blood. Diffusion: moving from HIGH [ ] LOW [ ] Diffusion of gases between alveoli and capillary How does Respiration take place? The goals of RESPIRATION are: 1) Take in O 2 from the air. 2) Take out CO 2 from the body: Inspiration (inhaling) Expiration (exhaling) What happens when you inhale? Diaphragm pulls down Intercostal muscles tighten Thorax gets bigger, making a vacuum (low P) Oxygen rich air gets pulled into your lungs Oxygen passes into your blood. When you exhale Muscles relax, the ribs fall in and down Diaphragm moves up. Volume of the thorax decreases, increasing pressure and pushing air out of the body. CO 2 rich air leaves the blood and exits the body Negative effects of air pollution. Air pollution can lead to: Asthma Allergies Cancer Fatigue Negative effects of smoking Deterioration of the respiratory system Cardiovascular disease Lung cancer Shorter life expectency Deterioration of quality of life Impotance