Restoring Balance Final

8/6/2019 Restoring Balance Final

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Restoring Balance:A budget proposal for fiscal year 2012

that balances the budget and encourages

economic growth

Senator Pat Toomey



The Problem: Chronic Deficits

The United States has entered a new period in which sustained budget deficits have become afact of modern American politics. Our budget deficits are surpassed only by those accumulatedduring World War II, as a percentage of the gross domestic product. 1 Yet unlike the temporarydeficits that resulted from emergency efforts to win the war, the deficits of the late 20th and early21st centuries have persisted year after year and reflect decisions made by Congress regardingthe regular operations of government.

The period beginning in the early 1970s, when the modern budget process was first

implemented, and ending in 1997, when Congress balanced the budget, represents the longestperiod of consecutive deficits on record. Moreover, the period beginning in 2002, when deficitsreturned after four years of surpluses, appears on track to surpass its predecessor.

2Indeed,

deficits that far exceed those accumulated over the last 25 years are projected to continue wellinto the future. Such forecasts have led some to label the current period the “age of deficits.”

The persistence of such deficits and the recent, dramatic increases in their size are indicationsthat the nation is currently on an unsustainable fiscal path. The current path is “unsustainable”

because, absent fundamental spending reforms, these deficits will only grow both in absoluteterms and, more problematically, as a percentage of GDP. In addition, the debt that results fromannual deficits will increasingly cause slower economic growth, higher taxes and less security.Increased government spending means a reduction in the amount of private investment andhigher taxes on the American people, which leads to a lower quality of life for all. Massivebudget deficits will also eventually reduce the resources available for national defense andsecuring the homeland.

A continuation of the current fiscal policy increases the possibility of another crisis, but this timeit may be much worse than the great recession in 2008. On the current trajectory, a fiscal crisiswould likely be accompanied by a collapse in the value of the dollar, a dramatic increase in



For example, the deficit totaled $248 billion in 2006, approximately 1.9 percent of GDP. In2007, the deficit fell to $162 billion, or 1.2 percent of GDP. However, this number increased

significantly in 2010 and 2011, when the deficit represented 10 percent and 9 percent of GDPrespectively. This year, the annual deficit is projected to total an astounding $1.4 trillion. Annualdeficits add up to the total debt of the U.S. government. In 1988, publicly-held debt totaled 41percent of GDP. The total debt of the government remained fairly stable through 2008, when itamounted to 40 percent of GDP. Yet today, just two short years later, total publicly-held debtamounts to 64 percent of GDP, and it is on track to represent 69 percent of GDP by the end of the fiscal year. Most troubling, we are on track to surpass a debt-to-GDP ratio of 100 percentsoon.

The consequences of deficits of this size and the resulting mountain of debt are very real. Thecost of debt service alone will crowd out other spending in the federal budget. Today, interestpayments on the debt amount to approximately 6 percent of total spending, yet this number isprojected to rise considerably. In the president’s budget, interest payments rise to 16 percent of all spending by 2021, despite several unrealistically optimistic projections, making it the fastest-growing line item in the federal budget.

The corresponding level of government borrowing crowds out private investment and ultimatelyslows and reduces economic growth. To put this in to perspective, Greece ran deficits of 13.6percent of GDP and carried a debt load of 110 percent of GDP in 2009. That is not too far fromwhere we are now – but no one would suggest that the United States should follow Greece’s

lead.

The Solution: Restore Balance

A budget is a governing document; it represents the priorities and governing agenda of theCongress. As a result, the budget process is central to congressional decision making.



government spending necessary to stabilize deficits at 3 percent of GDP or to stabilize the debt at60 percent of GDP. A balanced budget goal counterintuitively makes putting the nation on a

sustainable fiscal path easier because it provides a goal that an overwhelming majority of Americans would like to attain.

Restoring balance entails two distinct, but related, paths: near-term (discretionary and non-Medicare and Social Security entitlement spending) and long-term (Medicare and SocialSecurity). The first step must be to reduce discretionary spending and non-Medicare and SocialSecurity spending. This category of expenditures has been the primary driver of deficits over thelast decade, and continuing to spend at such high rates precludes an effort to tackle the long-term

challenges they present.

While Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid require structural reforms soon, it is neithernecessary – nor politically feasible – to take them on all at once. Focusing on just the current 10-year budget window, this budget makes no changes to Social Security. Changes to Medicare arelimited to restoring the fictitious and unspecified cuts projected in the president’s budget. Thisbudget calls for block-granting Medicaid funding at reduced levels to the states while providingthem the flexibility to devise their own systems for providing health care to the poor.

Senator Toomey’s Budget

Overview

This budget balances by fiscal year 2020 and achieves a modest surplus in fiscal year 2021.

Deficits, Balanced Budget vs.Obama Budget



With this surplus, we can finally begin the long overdue process of paying down our national

debt.

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

( $

b

i l l i o n s )

Publicly Held Debt, Balanced Budgetvs. Obama Budget

Balanced Budget Obama (CBO) Obama (OMB)



Medicare

Every year Congress pretends that doctors will take a massive pay cut in order to artificially

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

( $

b i l l i o n s )

Federal Spending, Balanced Budget

vs. Obama Budget

Balanced Budget Obama (CBO) Obama (OMB)



Non-Defense Discretionary

This budget reduces non-defense discretionary spending to 2006 levels ($435 billion) in 2012. Itthen freezes this category of spending for the subsequent six years. Future increases in non-defense discretionary spending are indexed to the consumer price index.

Defense

Like the plans presented by the president and adopted by the House, this budget implements the

savings identified by Defense Secretary Robert Gates to slow the growth of defense spendingwithout compromising America’s security. However, it differs from both approaches byassuming a full withdrawal from Iraq and Afghanistan by 2018. Any future expenditures of supplemental war spending after this point will be contingent on security needs and must beoffset with spending reductions elsewhere for in the budget.

Other Mandatory Spending

This budget gradually reduces other mandatory spending (excluding Social Security, Medicareand Medicaid) to slightly more than 2007 levels by 2014. After 2014, spending on theseprograms increases each year. Among its policy assumptions, this budget calls for the reform of welfare programs by setting fixed annual spending caps.

Economic Assumptions/Revenue

Economic Assumptions

This budget is based on conservative nominal GDP growth assumptions as calculated by theGlobal Insight model, a macroeconomic forecasting model widely used in the private sector and



Within a historical context, the economic growth estimates used by this budget are very cautious.The policies contained in this budget will yield average real economic growth rates of 3.05

percent over the next decade. In the past, post-recession recovery periods have seen real GDPgrowth of about 4.2 percent.

Tax Policy

This budget promotes pro-growth economic policies that will create jobs and prosperity bysimplifying the tax code. Specifically, this plan calls for the consolidation of the current sixpersonal income tax brackets into three brackets. It also seeks to lower marginal rates and

eliminate special-interest tax loopholes and deductions. Additionally, it proposes a reduction inthe corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 25 percent. Such pro-growth tax reform will encourageeconomic growth and will create jobs.

These tax changes will be revenue neutral when scored statically, but in fact, will help generatestrong economic growth, which will in turn yield surging tax revenue.

In an effort to protect millions of American taxpayers from the alternative minimum tax (AMT),

this budget calls for the AMT to be indexed for inflation. It moves us to a territorial tax systemso we will no longer hinder economic growth by subjecting overseas profits of Americancorporate subsidiaries to double taxation. Taken together, these changes will return revenue to18.5 percent of GDP – well within the historical norm – and allow the federal government tofund essential programs while simultaneously fostering economic growth.

Balanced Budget: Spending andRevenues as % of GDP



9

Fiscal Year 2012 Budget Resolution by Function

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 10 yr. Total

2,230 2,558 2,964 3,216 3,391 3,524 3,736 3,916 4,108 4,325 4,566 36,304

14.8% 16.1% 17.7% 18.3% 18.3% 18.1% 18.4% 18.4% 18.4% 18.5% 18.7%

3,625 3,477 3,485 3,508 3,623 3,765 3,853 3,955 4,140 4,302 4,493 38,602

24.0% 21.8% 20.8% 19.9% 19.6% 19.4% 19.0% 18.6% 18.6% 18.4% 18.4%

(1,395) (919) (521) (291) (233) (241) (117) (38) (32) 23 73 (2,298)

-9.2% -5.8% -3.1% -1.7% -1.3% -1.2% -0.6% -0.2% -0.1% 0.1% 0.3%

10,363 11,353 11,975 12,358 12,682 13,002 13,188 13,284 13,355 13,358 13,290 13,290

68.7% 71.2% 71.5% 70.3% 68.5% 66.9% 64.9% 62.4% 60.0% 57.3% 54.5%

Debt Subject to Limit 14,984 16,137 16,928 17,501 18,047 18,611 19,058 19,435 19,774 20,045 20,264 20,264

15,094 15,936 16,738 17,585 18,523 19,430 20,331 21,275 22,275 23,326 24,393 199,812

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 10 yr. Total

Total Revenue 2,230 2,558 2,964 3,216 3,391 3,524 3,736 3,916 4,108 4,325 4,566 36,304

On-Budget 1,664 1,891 2,232 2,447 2,579 2,669 2,840 2,979 3,128 3,303 3,499 27,567

Off-Budget 566 667 732 769 811 854 896 937 980 1,022 1,067 8,736

Total Spending BA 3,589 3,385 3,410 3,506 3,648 3,802 3,906 4,019 4,191 4,359 4,553 38,779

TO 3,625 3,477 3,485 3,508 3,623 3,765 3,853 3,955 4,140 4,302 4,493 38,602

On-budget BA 3,089 2,801 2,763 2,822 2,925 3,039 3,097 3,161 3,281 3,391 3,526 30,804 TO 3,128 2,896 2,842 2,827 2,905 3,006 3,049 3,102 3,235 3,341 3,472 30,675

Off-budget BA 500 584 647 684 723 764 809 858 911 968 1,027 7,975

TO 497 581 643 680 719 759 804 853 905 962 1,021 7,926

Deficits (1,395) (919) (521) (291) (233) (241) (117) (38) (32) 23 73 (2,298)

Deficit (on-budget) (1,463) (1,005) (611) (381) (325) (337) (209) (122) (107) (38) 27 (3,108)

Deficit (off -budget) 69 86 89 89 93 95 92 84 75 61 46 810

Deficits

As % of GDP

Debt held by public

As % of GDP

GDP

TOTALS

As % of GDP

OVERVIEW

Revenue

As % of GDP

Outlays



10

Note: BA stands for Budget authority

TO: stands for total outlays.

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 10 yr. Total

All Discretionary Spending BA 1,226.6 1,137.4 1,076.5 1,094.5 1,106.8 1,100.6 1,088.0 1,093.7 1,107.5 1,119.4 1,152.7 11,077

TO 1,364.5 1,277.4 1,203.2 1,160.8 1,149.1 1,133.4 1,110.8 1,109.7 1,128.1 1,139.8 1,171.7 11,584

On-budget BA 1,220.6 1,131.6 1,070.8 1,088.8 1,101.0 1,094.9 1,082.2 1,087.7 1,101.3 1,113.1 1,146.3 11,018

TO 1,358.5 1,271.4 1,197.3 1,154.9 1,143.2 1,127.5 1,104.8 1,103.7 1,121.9 1,133.5 1,165.2 11,523

Off-budget BA 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.4 59

TO 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.5 60

Defense (050 + 970) BA 711.5 702.3 643.5 659.5 671.9 665.6 655.0 658.3 667.0 671.0 695.0 6,689

TO 710.4 704.7 683.2 665.0 666.2 659.1 644.5 642.8 657.4 663.6 680.4 6,667

Non-Defense BA 515.1 435.0 433.0 435.0 434.9 435.0 433.1 435.4 440.5 448.4 457.7 4,388

TO 654.1 572.7 520.0 495.7 482.9 474.2 466.3 466.9 470.7 476.2 491.2 4,917

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 10 yr. Total

All Mandatory BA 2,362.6 2,258.3 2,344.5 2,417.4 2,542.5 2,702.9 2,818.7 2,926.2 3,085.1 3,240.5 3,401.6 27,737.8

TO 2,260.3 2,210.7 2,293.2 2,353.0 2,475.4 2,632.8 2,743.7 2,846.1 3,013.2 3,163.8 3,322.0 27,053.9

On-budget BA 1,868.8 1,680.4 1,703.6 1,739.1 1,825.3 1,945.0 2,015.5 2,073.9 2,180.6 2,278.6 2,380.8 19,822.8

TO 1,769.3 1,636.0 1,655.8 1,678.5 1,762.5 1,879.6 1,945.7 1,999.3 2,114.5 2,208.3 2,307.6 19,187.8

Off-budget BA 493.8 577.9 640.9 678.3 717.2 757.9 803.2 852.3 904.5 961.9 1,020.9 7,915.1

TO 491.0 574.7 637.4 674.5 712.9 753.3 798.0 846.8 898.7 955.5 1,014.4 7,866.1

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 10 yr. Total

BA 0 -11 -11 -6 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -36

TO 0 -11 -11 -6 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -36

DISCRETIONARY

MANDATORY SPENDING

ASSET SALES

Sale of land, underutilized

buildings, property



11

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 10 yr. Total

(050) National Defense BA 6.1 6.8 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 72.6

TO 6.1 6.8 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.8 8.0 72.5

(150) International Affairs BA 5.9 4.2 3.3 -0.6 -2.0 -3.0 -1.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -1.0

TO -4.7 -2.9 -1.0 -0.8 -0.9 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -1.8 -2.9 -2.9 -14.2

BA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2

TO 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2

(270) Energy BA 2.3 -0.8 -0.8 -0.9 -1.4 -1.4 -1.5 -1.5 -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -13.1

TO 0.7 -1.8 -1.8 -1.8 -2.2 -2.2 -2.1 -2.1 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -20.8

BA 2.1 -1.3 -4.3 -4.4 -4.5 -4.7 -4.8 -4.5 -4.9 -4.9 -5.0 -43.3

TO 2.2 -1.1 -3.9 -4.0 -4.2 -4.4 -4.6 -4.4 -4.7 -4.8 -5.0 -41.1

(350) Agriculture BA 21.6 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.4 8.5 80.2

TO 15.2 8.0 8.2 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 79.8

BA 0.3 19.1 13.0 10.3 9.1 8.3 6.9 5.7 5.2 4.6 4.8 86.9

TO -10.4 11.5 4.2 -11.3 -14.5 -17.8 -19.1 -22.7 -14.9 -16.0 -17.4 -118.0

(370) On-budget BA -3.2 18.4 13.3 10.4 9.2 8.4 7.1 5.7 5.2 4.6 4.8 87.0

TO -13.9 10.8 4.5 -11.2 -14.4 -17.7 -18.9 -22.7 -14.9 -16.0 -17.4 -117.9

(370) Off-budget BA 3.5 0.7 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1

TO 3.5 0.7 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1

(400) Transportation BA 58.3 36.6 38.7 39.9 41.1 41.1 41.1 42.1 42.1 42.1 42.2 406.9

TO 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 26.5

BA 3.4 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -1.5

TO 0.8 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -2.6

(300) Natural Resources and

the Environment

(370) Commerce and

Housing Credit

(450) Community and

Regional Development

(250) General Science,

Space, and Technology

MANDATORY FUNCTIONS



12

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 10 yr. Total

BA -20.5 -10.2 -12.7 -10.6 -6.8 -2.7 -2.4 -5.0 -6.4 -6.7 -7.1 -70.6

TO -16.2 -4.0 -8.7 -9.6 -6.1 -2.5 -1.9 -3.7 -4.4 -4.8 -5.6 -51.2

(550) Health BA 326.2 287.9 292.1 279.2 273.7 262.5 262.9 257.6 253.4 257.1 271.8 2,698.1

TO 308.9 287.5 291.8 278.5 273.5 262.1 262.7 256.9 253.3 256.8 271.4 2,694.4

(570) Medicare BA 485.5 482.9 525.8 555.8 580.4 630.0 652.9 678.1 740.1 795.7 853.6 6,495.3

TO 485.2 482.7 525.6 555.7 580.2 629.9 652.8 677.9 740.0 795.6 853.5 6,493.9

(600) Income Security BA 530.6 420.4 377.2 327.4 328.8 335.4 335.9 338.8 349.7 356.5 366.9 3,536.9

TO 533.8 419.0 375.2 326.2 327.2 333.1 329.8 331.9 343.5 348.1 357.7 3,491.7

(650) Social Security BA 729.6 763.6 802.2 845.2 892.1 943.2 1,000.5 1,063.0 1,129.5 1,200.2 1,272.1 9,911.6

TO 726.8 760.4 798.6 841.4 887.8 938.5 995.3 1,057.6 1,123.6 1,193.7 1,265.6 9,862.6

(650) On-budget BA 106.5 54.4 29.1 32.7 36.3 40.2 44.3 48.7 53.5 58.6 64.1 461.8

TO 106.5 54.4 29.1 32.7 36.3 40.2 44.3 48.7 53.5 58.6 64.1 461.8

(650) Off-budget BA 623.1 709.1 773.1 812.5 855.9 903.0 956.3 1,014.3 1,076.0 1,141.6 1,208.0 9,449.8

TO 620.3 705.9 769.5 808.7 851.6 898.4 951.1 1,008.8 1,070.1 1,135.2 1,201.5 9,400.9

BA 72.5 69.4 69.1 71.3 73.3 80.5 77.3 74.2 81.6 83.8 86.1 766.7

TO 72.5 69.3 69.0 71.3 73.3 80.5 77.3 74.2 81.6 83.8 86.1 766.3

BA 2.3 3.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 3.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 3.3 4.2 23.2

TO 2.6 2.8 2.4 1.8 1.4 3.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 3.3 4.2 23.6

(800) General Government BA 10.0 6.6 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.3 61.6

TO 8.4 8.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.3 63.2

BA -86.9 -93.1 -96.2 -98.3 -102.3 -104.4 -110.5 -117.1 -122.9 -127.8 -133.3 -1,105.8

TO -86.9 -93.1 -96.2 -98.3 -102.3 -104.4 -110.5 -117.1 -122.9 -127.8 -133.3 -1,105.8

MANDATORY FUNCTIONS

(500) Education, Training,

Employment, Services

(700) Veterans Benefits and

Services

(750) Administration of

Justice

(950) Undistributed

Offsetting Receipts



13

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 10 yr. Total

(950) On-budget BA -71.6 -77.9 -80.3 -81.8 -84.9 -85.9 -91.2 -97.1 -101.7 -105.6 -110.2 -916.7

TO -71.6 -77.9 -80.3 -81.8 -84.9 -85.9 -91.2 -97.1 -101.7 -105.6 -110.2 -916.7

(950) Off-budget BA -15.3 -15.2 -15.8 -16.5 -17.4 -18.4 -19.2 -20.0 -21.1 -22.1 -23.1 -189.0

TO -15.3 -15.2 -15.8 -16.5 -17.4 -18.4 -19.2 -20.0 -21.1 -22.1 -23.1 -189.0

(900) Net Interest BA 213.0 255.4 314.8 381.0 438.8 493.7 538.8 572.2 596.2 616.0 624.8 4,831.8

TO 213.0 255.4 314.8 381.0 438.8 493.7 538.8 572.2 596.2 616.0 624.8 4,831.8

(900) On-budget BA 330.5 372.1 430.8 498.6 560.0 620.3 672.4 714.2 746.5 773.6 788.8 6,177.4

TO 330.5 372.1 430.8 498.6 560.0 620.3 672.4 714.2 746.5 773.6 788.8 6,177.4

(900) Off-budget BA -117.5 -116.7 -116.0 -117.6 -121.2 -126.6 -133.6 -142.0 -150.3 -157.6 -164.0 -1,345.6

TO -117.5 -116.7 -116.0 -117.6 -121.2 -126.6 -133.6 -142.0 -150.3 -157.6 -164.0 -1,345.6

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 10 yr. Total

All Discretionary Spending BA 1,226.6 1,137.4 1,076.5 1,094.5 1,106.8 1,100.6 1,088.0 1,093.7 1,107.5 1,119.4 1,152.7 12,303.7

TO 1,364.5 1,277.4 1,203.2 1,160.8 1,149.1 1,133.4 1,110.8 1,109.7 1,128.1 1,139.8 1,171.7 12,948.3

On-budget BA 1,220.6 1,131.6 1,070.8 1,088.8 1,101.0 1,094.9 1,082.2 1,087.7 1,101.3 1,113.1 1,146.3 12,238.2

TO 1,358.5 1,271.4 1,197.3 1,154.9 1,143.2 1,127.5 1,104.8 1,103.7 1,121.9 1,133.5 1,165.2 12,881.9

Off-budget BA 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.4 65.5TO 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.5 66.4

(050 + 970) Defense BA 711.5 702.3 643.5 659.5 671.9 665.6 655.0 658.3 667.0 671.0 695.0 7,400.6

TO 710.4 704.7 683.2 665.0 666.2 659.1 644.5 642.8 657.4 663.6 680.4 7,377.3

Non-Defense BA 515.1 435.0 433.0 435.0 434.9 435.0 433.1 435.4 440.5 448.4 457.7 4,903.1

TO 654.1 572.7 520.0 495.7 482.9 474.2 466.3 466.9 470.7 476.2 491.2 5,571.0

MANDATORY FUNCTIONS

DISCRETIONARY SPENDING



14

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 10 yr. Total

(050) National Defense BA 555.1 575.8 593.5 609.5 621.9 634.9 646.5 658.3 667.0 671.0 695.0 6,373.3

TO 634.3 586.8 590.5 600.1 611.8 628.4 636.0 642.8 657.4 663.6 680.4 6,297.8

(150) International Affairs BA 52.3 29.0 28.0 28.0 26.9 25.9 23.4 23.4 23.1 23.1 25.0 255.8

TO 50.7 35.2 31.1 28.1 27.0 26.0 23.6 23.5 23.2 23.1 23.1 263.9

BA 30.4 24.9 26.9 27.2 27.2 27.2 27.1 27.1 28.1 29.6 29.6 275.0

TO 31.6 26.4 27.6 27.6 27.3 27.4 27.2 27.2 27.6 27.9 28.2 274.4

(270) Energy BA 4.5 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 18.3

TO 12.8 12.0 8.9 6.0 2.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 40.9

BA 33.0 28.8 27.2 25.6 25.4 24.1 22.3 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 241.5

TO 43.3 34.1 31.0 29.1 25.7 24.2 22.3 22.1 22.0 22.0 22.0 254.5

(350) Agriculture BA 5.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 49.0

TO 6.2 5.6 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 49.1

BA -1.8 -4.2 -4.2 -4.2 -4.2 -4.2 -4.3 -4.4 -4.5 -4.6 -4.7 -43.6

TO 2.5 -0.1 -2.6 -2.8 -3.0 -3.7 -3.9 -4.0 -4.1 -4.1 -4.2 -32.5

(370) On-budget BA -2.1 -4.4 -4.4 -4.4 -4.5 -4.5 -4.6 -4.7 -4.8 -4.9 -5.0 -46.3

TO 2.2 -0.4 -2.8 -3.1 -3.2 -4.0 -4.2 -4.3 -4.3 -4.4 -4.4 -35.2

(370) Off-budget BA 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.7

TO 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.7

(400) Transportation BA 31.0 23.8 23.7 24.8 24.7 27.7 33.5 35.0 35.5 38.1 41.4 308.2

TO 92.3 80.2 70.9 67.5 65.7 65.6 66.7 67.1 67.5 69.0 80.0 700.3

BA 14.7 11.4 11.4 11.3 11.3 11.1 11.1 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 111.0

TO 23.8 21.3 18.7 14.9 13.8 12.1 11.1 10.9 10.8 10.8 10.8 135.2

(300) Natural Resources and

the Environment

(370) Commerce and

Housing Credit

(450) Community and

Regional Development

(250) General Science,

Space, and Technology

DISCRETIONARY FUNCTIONS



15

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 10 yr. Total

BA 92.4 77.0 76.6 76.7 76.2 75.2 72.8 71.4 71.1 71.1 71.0 739.0

TO 115.7 99.8 81.7 77.6 76.6 75.4 72.9 71.5 71.2 71.2 71.0 768.8

(550) Health BA 54.8 50.1 50.0 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.1 501.1

TO 63.3 60.2 53.2 50.8 50.1 49.4 49.3 50.2 50.2 50.2 50.1 513.5

(570) Medicare BA 5.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.2 49.0

TO 5.8 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.4 51.3

(600) Income Security BA 63.4 55.0 56.3 56.7 56.4 55.1 51.2 50.4 50.4 50.3 50.3 532.0

TO 72.1 60.4 58.3 57.3 56.8 55.6 52.3 50.7 50.4 50.3 50.3 542.2

(650) Social Security BA 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.1 56.8

TO 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.2 58.1

(650) On-budget BA -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

TO 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

(650) Off-budget BA 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.1 56.8

TO 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.2 57.6

BA 56.7 59.0 60.9 62.8 64.8 66.9 69.0 71.2 73.5 75.8 78.3 682.3

TO 55.6 57.9 61.0 62.8 64.6 66.4 68.4 70.5 72.8 75.2 77.6 677.1

BA 50.4 47.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.5 44.5 45.7 46.8 48.0 447.5

TO 52.8 49.8 46.8 45.0 44.2 43.4 43.7 44.2 45.5 46.5 47.6 456.7

(800) General Government BA 17.3 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.2 16.6 17.0 17.4 17.8 165.2

TO 20.2 18.9 17.3 16.4 15.8 15.4 15.5 15.7 15.8 16.1 16.5 163.3

(920) Allowances BA -1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

TO -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

BA 156.4 126.5 50.0 50.0 50.0 30.8 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315.8

TO 76.1 117.8 92.7 64.9 54.4 30.8 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 369.0

(750) Administration of

Justice

(970) Global War on

Terrorism

DISCRETIONARY FUNCTIONS

(500) Education, Training,

Employment, Services

(700) Veterans Benefits and

Services

Documents

Restoring Balance Final