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GENERAL AGREEMENT ONTARIFFS AND TRADE
RESTRICTED
COM.AG/W/4/Add.120 May 1968Special Distribution
Original: EnglishAgriculture Committee
A.
B.
D.
UNITED STATES
Information Supplied in Respect ofDAIRY PRODUCTS
Production - production measures and policies
Protection and support policies
B.I. Internal support measures
B.II.Measures at the frontier
Consumption and internal prices
International trade and prices
Page
2
5
5
10
16
22
COM.AG/W/4/Add.1Page 2
A. PRODUCTION: PRODUCTION MEASURES AND POLICIES
A.1. Statistical data on total volume of production
A.2. Trends in production and estimates for 1970
During the past three years, milk production in the United States hasdeclined from a record level of about 57.5 billion kilogrammes in 1964 to54.3 billion kilogrammes in 1967. Price support increased for manufacturingmilk in 1966 and higher prices for fluid milk in Federal marketing orderareas have slowed the decline in milk production but to date these measureshave not reversed the trend. On 20 March 1968 the Secretary of Agricultureannounced that price supports for manufacturing milk would be set at90 per cent of parity for the Marketing Year beginning 1 April 1968. Thisaction raises the level of support from, $8.82 per hundred kilogrammes to
$9.44.
UNITED STATES BASIS MILK STATISTICS; NUMBER OF COWS, PRODUCTION,AND UTILIZATION 1964THROUGH1967
Produc-: MilkYear Milk tion produc- Butter Cheese .cows milk usesper cow tion
1,1000:hed Kgs. In million kgs.
1 964 15,677 3,571 57,412 '26,847, 14,322 7,035 2,293 6,9161965 14,954 3,767 56,325 26,691 13,147 7,139; 2,098 7,250
1966 14,123 y3861 54,536 26,654 10,973 7,616 2,162 7,131
19672 113,600 3,996 54,341 :26,000 11,975 7,756 1,967 6,643
/Includes milk used for cream.
-Preliminary.
Milk production estimate for 1970; 55,885,000 metric tons(OECD-AGR/WP3(68)3).
Supply and utilization of major manufactured dairy products,1965-67 are as follows:
DAIRY
PRODUCTS:
SUPPLY
AND
UTIL
IZAT
ION.
CALENDAR
YEARS19
65-1
966
AND
1967
Prod
uct
and
year
Butter:
1965_......
1966
........
1967
...........
Amer
ican
chee
se:
1965
...........
1966
.........
1967
...........
Evap.&cond.milk:
1965
..........
1966
..........
1967
...........
Dried
whole
milk:
1965
..........
1966
...........
1967
...........
Non-
fat
driedmi
lk:
1965
...........
1966
....
.......
1967
...
........
SuppIy
1-1
Begi
n-ning
stocks
32 24 15 134
122
146 88 64 93 3 2 3 79 70 54
Exports
and
Produc-
Total
tion
Imports
supply
Commer-
cial
USDA
611
512
567
529
557
581
987
991
894 40 43 39 903
724
790
J. 1 1 7 23 28 1 2 4 1
644
537
583
670
702
755
1,076
1,05
7991 43 45 42
,982
I79
5I84,4
______________________________________-,
.
Million
kilogrammes
25 7 3 6 6 8 32 53 50 12 10 9
170 47 10
9 2 1 2 31 34 27 2 2 1
232
139
181
Dome
stic
use
Civilian
Mi1i-
USDA
Comm
er-
tary
dona-
cial
tionssources,
27 15 10
5 5 7 24 9Q 34 1 2 4 9 14
1/Includes
smill
quantity
ofpr
oduc
t(-3
per
cent
)used
for
animal
59 23 58 36 2 41 66 58 64
500
475
429
499
543
540
925
848
783 26 30 26 419
462
444
Total
Endi
nguse
stocks
620
522
501
548
556
596
1,012
964
894 41 42 38
1
9121
/74
11/
7401/
24 15 82 1,012
146
159 64 93 97 2 3 4. 70 54.
104
feed.
Source:
Dairy
Situation,
6November
1967,
ERS.
Page3
COM.AG/W/4/Add
.1
_--
----
----
----
-
-_I
liiiston
1 11 i
t
à 11 i 1
li
COM.AG/W/4/Add.1Page 4
A.3. Statisticaldata on carry-overstocks
See under A.1 and A.2 above.
A.4. Factors which affect production
in a highly developed dairy industry such as that in the UnitedStates, the principal factors affecting year-to-year changes in thelevel of milk production are:
(a) the level of price support
(b) milk-livestock price ratio, and
(c) pasture, forage, and overall feéd supply conditions.
A.5. Policies and measures of governments or other bodies likely toinfluence production not shownunder "B''
None.
COM.AG/W/4/Add.1Page 5
B. PROTECTION AND SUPPORTMEASURES AND POLICIES
B.I. Internal sport measures and policies
B.I.l Inventory of the instruments of support
B.I.2. Levels of guaranteed, pries or support prices
Two major programmes administered by the Federal Government havehelped to stabilize prices received by farmers for milk and cream formany years. They are the. nationwide price support programme and theFederal Milk Marketing Orders for individual fluid milk markets.
Price support
The.Agricultural Act of 1949 as amended requires the support of pricesreceived by farmers for milk and for butterfat in farm-separated cream soldby them.
The Act states that: "lt is the policy of Congress to assure astabilized annual production of adequate supplies of milk anddairy products; to promote the increased use of these essentialfoods; to improve the domestic source of supply of milk andbutterfat by encouraging dairy farmers to develop efficientproduction units consisting of high-grade, disease-free cattleand modern sanitary equipment; and to stabilize the economy ofdairy farmers at a level which will provide a fair return fortheir labour and investment when compared with the cost ofthings that farmers buy."
The law requires that the prices received by farmers be supported atsuch level, between 75 and 90 per cent of the parity prices, as will "assurean adequate supply".
Current parity prices for milk and butterfat (and other agriculturalcommodities) are computed as provided by the Agricultural Adjustment Act o? 1938,as amended. In general, the current parity price for a commodity is that pricewhich would represent the same value in relation to the current level of pricespaid by farmers for articles and services, hired farm labour, interest, andreal estate taxes, as in a historical period. For the purposes of pricesupport, a parity equivalent priccé for manufacturing milk is computed.
The Secretary of Agriculture announces before the beginning of eachmarketing year the support level for that marketing year. Since 1949, thesupport level has varied within the full legal range of 75 to 90 per cent ofparity, as follows:
COM.AG/W/4/Add.1Page 6
SUPPORT LEVELS FOR MANUFACTURING MILK AND BUTTERFAT UNDER THE MILK ANDBUTTERFAT PRICE SUPPORT PROGRAMME,1964-65 TO 1968-69
Manufacturing milk Butterfat
support level support levelMarketing year(April-March) Per cent, of
parity per 100 kgs. perkg.
Per cent Dollars Per cent Dollars
1964-65 75 ' 6.94 75 1.251965-665 75 75 1.1111966-67W 89.5 } 8. 82 3 1.441967-.68 87 3882 81 1 501968--69 85 9.44 77 1.50
/Support level was increased in April 1966 and again in June 1966.
The announced support prices are national average support prices. Also,the announced support price for manufacturing milk is for manufacturing milkof yearly average milkfat content. in 1967 it averaged 3.70 per cent.
The law provides that the support shall be accomplished by loans on, orpurchases of milk and dairy products. Over the years, the support has beencarried out almost entirely by purchases.
The Secratary announces before the beginning of each marketing year theprices at which Commodity Credit Corporation (an agency within the United StatesDepartment of Agriculture) will stand ready to buy butter, Cheddar cheese, andnon-fat dry milk offered to CCC at any tine during the marketing year. Theseare prices which will enable manufacturers of dairy products, on the average,to pay prices to farmers for manufacturing milk and butterfat corresponding tothe support level.
Whereas all handlers operating under the Federal Milk orders are requiredto pay not less than the minimum. prices established by such orders,manufacturers operating outside of Federal orders are not required to pay thesupport price. The prices actually paid by them are influenced also by thevolumes and efficiencies of plant operations, quality, competition, and otherfactors. In general, however, there is enough competition to make the supportprogramme highly effective in maintaining the general level of prices ofmanufacturing milk and butterfat throughout the Nation.
Dairy products have been removed from the domestic market by price supportpurchases in every year since 1949, and also during the years 1964 and 1965,by payrment-in-kind (PIK) export. of butter and non-fat dry milk under the PIKprogramme. Measured in terms of milk solids contents, support purchases in
COM. AG/W/4/Add. 1Page 7
1967-68 were equivalent to around 6 per cent of the total milkfat, and7.5 per cent of the total non-fat solids, in the total farm marketings ofabout 52 billion kilogrammes of milk equivalent.
Despite the decline in milk production in 1967, because of lowerutilization of fluid milk, production of butter, Cheddar cheese, and nonfatdry milk increased moderately from the low level of 1966.
QUANTITIES OF DAIRY PRODUCTS REMOVED FROM THE UNITED STATES-MARKETTHROUGH PRICE SUPPORT PURCHASES ANDPAYMENTS-IN-KIND(PIK)
EXPORTS, BY MARKETING YEARS 1964-65 TO1967-1968
l/Includes butter(anhydrous milkfat).
equivalent of other milkfat products such as butter oil
2/Less than 1 million kilogrammes; programme suspended early in 1966.
y Preliminary.
Marketingz orders
Milk marketing orders are authorized by the Agriculture MarketingAgreement Act of 1937.
A Federal milk order, or an amendment to an existing order, becomeseffective only after a public hearing on its provisions and after approval byproducers voting in a referendum.
The importance which dairy farmers place on such orders in stabilizingprices is indicated by the fact that the number of milk markets which haveadopted orders has more than doubled during the last decade. Separate milkorders regulated the pricing of milk in 74 fluid milk markets in January 1968.This included nearly half of all the milk produced in the Nation.
Marketing Butter1/ Non-fat dry milkyear Cheddar
(1April Total cheese Total
31. March) exporte remo purchases, ocaeto Purchases PIK Total exports removed
Million kgs.
1964-65 107 52 160 66 3/44 210 5551965-66 68 5 73 10 315 86 4011966-67 50 50 l8 191 2/ 1911967-68 111 11 79 288 288
COM.AG/W/4/Add. 1Page 8
The law provides that the prices set by a milk marketing order shallreflect the supplies and prices of feeds, and other economic conditions whichaffect the supply of and demand for milk and milk products, insure a sufficientquantity of milk, and be in the public interest.
A milk order classifies milk according to its uses in the market, andfixes or Drovides a method of fixing mnimum prices for such uses whichhandlers supplying the market must p y for milk. It provides either for thepayment of a uniform. price for milk to all producers delivering to the samehandler (individual handler pool) or for the payment of a uniform price to allproducers delivering to all handlers in the market (market-wide pool). Theprices paid to producers are adjusted by customary location and otherdifferentials, by seasonal factors, and milkfat contents.
Where an orderprovides for market-wide pooling, the handlers pay into thepool if their s. in the higher-valued use (mainly bottled milk) are higherproportions of their total sales than the market average; or receive from thepool if their proportions are lower than the average. This enables all handlersto pay the uniform or "blend" rice. The blend price is a weighted averageprice based on the quantities of milk in each use in the market and the classprices for such uses. Such blend price is computed each month.
In all orders, the minimum. prices for milk usea in manufacturing dairyproducts, such as cheese, butter, and non-fat dry milk are determined byformulae which relate such prices to either market prices of manufactured dairyproducts, or to the prevailing price paid farmers for manufacturing milk inthe North-central part of the Nation. In most orders, the higher prices formilk sold for consumption as milk (Class I use) are determined by addingspecified differentials to the manufacturing milk prices. Thus. the pricesreceived by farmers supplying milk to fluid milk markets are greatly influencedby the level at which the average price of manufacturing milk is maintained bythe price support programme, outlined below.
There is a wide range in Class I prices amongmarkets. They generally arehighest in the areas where most of the milk produced is consumed as liquidmilk and lowest where large quantities of manufactured dairy products areproduced.
In 1965, Congress enacted legislation in the Food and. Agriculture Actof 1965 authorizing the inclusion in milk orders of a Class I base plan whereproducers want it. Such a plan would allocate among producers the higher-priced(Class I) sales of milk for consumption as liquid milk, on the basis of theirproportions of the total deliveries of milk to the market in e recentrepresentative period. Instead of receiving, a blend price for all of theirmilk the producers would receive the higher Class I price on their allocationsand the lower manufacturing milk price on any excess deliveries. Thus farmerswho do not feel that they can profitably produce manufacturing milk couldreduce their production of such milk without losing their shares of theClass I market. As of early 1968, only one order Puget Sound, had beenamended to provide a Class I base plan.
COM .AG/W/4/Add.1Page 9
B.I.3. Amount o producer subsidies
B.I.4. The averagelevel of returned to milk producers
UNITED STATES AVERAGE PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS FOR MILK.,BYINDICATED USES 1964-1967
Minimum/Allmilk Manufacturing class
Calendar Price , Average Price Average Priceyear milkfat
per milkfat per milkfat per100 kgs test 100kgs.___________100kgs. test- 100kgs test 100 kgs.
Dollars Percent Dollars Per cent Dollars
1964 9.17 3.70 7J19 3.71 10.671965 9.35 3.71 7.41 3.73 10.821966, j 10.58 3.69 8.77 k 3.72 12.831967W 1 11.04 ! 3 70 895 3.71- 12.87
All milk sold for consumption as liquid milk ad for use inmanufacturing dairy products. i
2/Milk used in manufacturing dairy products, mainly butter andnon-fat dry milk, cheese, and evaporated milk.
3/For milk of basic milkfat test, which in most markets is 3.5 per cent.
4/Preliminary.
B.I.5. Method of determining returnefor producers
See under 1 and 2 above.
COM . AG/W/4/Add. 1Page 10
B.II. Measures at the frontier
A. Tariffs
As indicated in the following schedule, the United Statesmaintains moderate duty rates on dairy product imports.
UNITED STATES: AIRY PRODUCT TARIFFS
TSUS Units Ratesnumber Articles of 1/ ofqu____y _uantit duty
115.50 Dried milk and cream; not over 3%butterfat -... ...... .... ..... .... .
Butter, and fresh or sour cream, etc.(con.)-
When entered during the periodfrom 1 April to 15July,inclusive, in any year:
116.10 For not over 5,00OOOGOO pounds116.15 Other .....................
When entered during the periodfror. 16 July to 31 October,inclusive, in any year:
116.20 For not over 5,000,000 pounds116.25 Other. .....................
117.00117.05117.10
117.15
:117.20!117.25
117.30
117.35!117.40
Blue-mold cheese:In original loaves .............Other ..........
Bryndza cheese ...................
Cheddar cheese:Not processed otherwise than by
division into pieces ............Other ............ . ................
Edam and Gouda cheeses .............
Gjetost cheesesMade from goat's milk whey or fromwhey obtained from a mixture ofgoat's milk and not more than 20% ofcow's milk ............
Other ...............................
Goya and Sbrinz cheeses ..........Sbrinz in original loaves ........Other ... . ..
lb.
lb.lb.
lb.lb.
lb.lb.lb.
lb.lb.lb.
lb.lb.
lb.
lb.
1.5 cents
7 cents/lb.14 cents/lb.
7 cents/lb.14 cents/lb.
15% ad val.20% ad val. 215.5% ad.val.-
115%
!15%
1 12%25%25%
adadad
val.val.val.
ad val.ad val.ad val.
COM.AG/W/4/Add .1Page 11
TSUS Articles Units Ratesnumber I1y _ _untit dutv
Roquefort cheese:In original loaves . ...........Other.
Romano made from cow's milk, Reggiano,Parmesano, Provoloni, andProvolette cheeses .............In original loaves:Romano made from cow's milk ....Parmesano and Reggiano ........Provoloni and Provolette .
Other ..........................
Swiss or Emmenthaler cheese with eyeformation, Gruyere-process cheese,Gammelost, and Nokkelost. . . . . . . . . ..Swiss or Emmenthaler with eyeformation ........................
Gruyere-process ....................
Gammelost and Nokkelost .........
Other cheese, and substitutes forcheese:
Cheeses made from sheep's milk:In original loaves and suitablefor grating ..............
Pecorino, in original loaves,not suitable for grating ....
Other ..................
Other:Valued not over 25 cents per pound..Valued over 25 cents per pound .....
Colby ..........
Other ...............
1/1 lb. is equivalent to 0.45 kg.
lb. 110%lb. i218%
lb ;20%
lblb.lb.lb.
lb.
lb.lb.
lb.
lb.lb.
. . .
lb.lb.
ad
adval. /val.
ad val.
14% ad val.2/
11% ad val.
15% ad val.2/20% ad val.
5 cents/lb.20% ad val.2/20% ad val.Z18% ad val./
2/Reflects first stage of Kennedy Round concessions.
117.451.17.50117.55
117.60
117.65
117.67
117.70
117.75117.80
COM.AG/W/4/Add .1Page 12
B. OtherProtection
In addition to tariff protection, certain dairy productsare subject to import quotas under Section 22 of theAgricultural Adjustment Act as amended. The Secretary ofAgriculture is required by this law to advise the Presidentwhenever he has reason to believe that products are beingimported under conditions and in such quantities as to renderineffective or materially interfere with any agriculturalprice support or other programme being carried out by theUnited States Department of Agriculture. An investigation ofthe matter is conducted by the United States Tariff Commissionand its findings reported to the President. The President thenis authorized to impose such quotas or fees on imports as hedeems necessary. The additional fees may not exceed 50 per centad valorem. and the quotas proclaimed may not be less than50 ner cent of the quantity imported during a previousrepresentative period as determined by the Presidant. The latestaction taken under this authorization was PresidentialProclamation 3790 of 30 June 1907. Under this proclamationrestrictions were placed on the importatiorn of butterfat productscontaining over 5.5 per cent butterfat; imports of all Americantype cheeses were placed. under quota; the quota for Cheddarcheese was increased; fresh and frozen cream was placed underquota; and the quota year was changed from a fiscal year to acalendar year basis.
Quotas for the calendar year 1 January to 31 December 1965 heve beenestablished as follows:
1. Administered by the United States Department of Agriculture under ImportLicensing procedures provided for under Import Regulation 1, itsrevisions and amendments.
Representative period Annual importave. annual imports quota-
1 Jan.-31 Dec.
(Pounds) (Pounds)
(a) Butter 1,411,525 (1930-34) 707,000
(b) Dried whole milk 13,055 (1948-50) 7,OO0
(c) Dried buttermilk and whey 991,283 (1948-.50) 496,000
(d) Dried cream (less than) 500 (1948-50) 500
(e) Dried skimmed milk 3,613,279 (1948-50) 1,807,000
COM. AG/W/4/Add. 1Page 13
Representative periodave. annual imports
(Pounds)
Annual importquota-
1 Jan.-31 Dec.
(Pounds)Malted milk, and articles of milk or
cream
(g) Cheddar cheese, and cheese andsubstitutes for cheese containing,or processed from, Cheddar cheese
(h) American-type chasse, includingColby, washed curd, and granularcheese (but not including Cheddar)and cheese and substitutes forcheese containing, or processedfrom, such American-type cheese
(i) Edam and Gouda cheeses
(j) Blue-mold (except Stilton) andcheese and substitutes for cheesecontaining, or processed from,blue-mold cheese
(k) Italian-type cheeses, made fromcow's milk, in original loaves(Romano made from cow's milk,Reggiano, Parmesano, Provoloni,Provolette, and Sbrinz)
5,490,262 (194-50)
12,193,200 (1961-65)
l,83l,085 (1948-50 )
2,066,000 (1948-50)
S,121,987 (1948-50)
8,8l2, 500
6,096,600
9,200,400
5,016,999
11, 500,100
2. Administered by the Bureau of Customs, United States Department ofTreasury, on a first-come, first-served basis.
(a) Cheddar cheese made from unpasteurizedmilk and aged not less than ninemonths, which prior to exportationhas been certified to meet suchrequirements by an officiaI of agovernment agency of the countrywhere the cheese was produced None 1,225,000
(b) Milk and cream, fluid or frozen freshor sour, containing over5.5 per cent but not over45 per cent by weight of butterfat 962,200 (1962-66)
(gallons)
(f)
1,500,000(gallons)
11,418 (1948-50) 6,000
COM.AG/W/4/Add.1Page 14
Representative periodave. annual imports
(Pounds)
Annual importquota-
1 Jan.-31 Dec.
(Pounds)
Butter substitutes containing over45 per cent of butterfat providedfor in item 116.30 of the TariffSchedules of the United States,and butter oil however providedfor elsewhere in the TariffSchedules
Articles containing ever 5.5 per centby weight of butterfat, thebutterfat content of which iscommercially extractable, or whichare capable of being used for anyedible purpose (except thosearticles already subject to quotas,and articles imported packaged fordistribution in the retail tradeand ready for use by the purchaserat retail for an edible purpose orin the preparation of an ediblearticle):
(i) Over 45 per cent by weighto? butterfat
(ii) Over 5.5 per cent but notover 45 per cent by weightof butterfat and classifiablefor tariff purposes underitem 12_92 of the TariffSchedules of the UnitedStates
1,750,027 (1956)
None
2,122,400 (1961-65)
Australia
Belgium and Denmark(aggregate)
Other
One pound is equivalent to 0.45 kg.
(c)
(d)
1,200,000
o
2,240,000
340,000
0
COM.AG/W/4/Add.1Page 15
Sanitary regulations
All milk and dairy products moved in, interstate commerce must complywith the provisions of the Federal, Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Provisionsof this act..stipulate.sanitary .and composition..requirements ,and provide forsampling and inspection of milk and dairy.products for purity and wholesomeness.State and local municipalities also carry out activities to assure propercomposition, purity and wholesomeness of milk and dairy products.
COM. AG/W/4/Add .1Page 16
C. CONSUMPTION AND INTERNAL PRICES:
C.1. Statistical data on consumption
MILK EQUIVALENT: DOMESTIC CIVILIAN DISAPPEARANCE, COMMERCIAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL SOURCES: TOTAL AND PER CAPITA UNITED STATES, 1964-67
Civilian disappearance Consumption excludingCCC donations from
supplies National CCC supplies
sumed of school mili-Year on butter lunch Commer- iltr oa
and and cialfarms sources utiliz-cheese special sources Civilian Military Total
to milkcivilian programmeschannels
Million kilogrammes1964 1,967 2,361 1,375 48,539 54,24.2 1,364 51,881 1,145 53,02(1965,) 1,776 1,630 1,458 48,972 53,836 ,1,279 52,206 1,083 53,2891966]J' 1,598 515 L,530 '49,454 53,097 1,078 52,581 1,078 53,659196kP 1,406 1,669 1,603 47,202 51,88O 1,085 50,398 1,085 51,483
.. . :/ ~~~~~~~~~Civilian consumption excludingPer capita civilian disappearance consuptionexcludingdonations from CCC supplies
Kilogrammes;
1964 11 12 7 256 286 2801965 9 8 8 255 280 2781966 8 3 7 255 273 277196 7 9 8 241 265 263
1/Milk and butter consumed in households on milk producing farms 1964-1967includes a small amount of farm-churned butter sold.
2/Includes any quantities used by military in civilian feeding programmes abroad.
3/Preliminary.
4/Estimated.
5/Aggregate in each category divided by total civilian population.
COM.AG/W/4/Add.1Page 17
0.2. Trends in consumption and estimates for 1970
DAIRY PRODUCTS: PER CAPITA CIVILIAN CONSUMPTION,UNITED STATES 1964-967
Year Fluidmilk Butter Cheese Canned milk Dried milkand cream ________*__,. ___________ ____
Kilogrammes
1964 137 3.1 4.3 5.1 2.81965 136 2.9 i ..3 4.8 2.71966i<1 :135 2.6 4.4 2.8196i7- 130 2.5 4.6 ! 4.2 2 5
r __s*/Preliminary.
DAIRY PRODUCTS BALANCE SHEET OF THE UNITED STATES
1970Product 1960 1965 (national
forecast)
'000 metric tons
Whole Milk .
Production 55,842 56,325 54,885Used for animal feeding 1,156 935 758Net production 54,686 55,390 54 127
Consumption
Liquid milk 26,423 26,691 27,600Butter 627 586 498Cheese 680 I 836 j 973Condensed milk 1,131 9491 729Whole milk powder 26 1' 28 28Skim milk powder 508. 513' 565Others (in whole milk
equivalent) 4,93.13 5,,534 5,888Total in whole milk i
equivalent 53,387 54,559 54,590
Surplus .1,299 831 295_ _ _I-
Source: OECD AGR/WP3(68)3
C.3.Retail and wholesale prices
Retail prices of selected dairy products and margarine, 1964-1967,are set out in the following table:
UNIT
EDST
ATES
RETA
ILOF
1964
-196
7
Cheese,
Amer
ican
processed
(1/2
lb.
package)
Evaporated
milk
(14-1/2
oz.
cans
).Ma
rgar
ine
Page1
8 COM.AG/W/4/Add.1
Cent
s/Kg
s/kg
.-96
-1
11
11
11
11
1
1964
.1965
1966
1967
1964
1965
1966
1967
1964
1965
1966
1967
1964
1965
1966
1967
1.62
1.66
1.63
1.65
|.162
:1
.6--1
1.62
1.65
1G63
165
f1.63
1.65
1.62;
1.65
!1.6
31.65
1.64
1.67
11.
671.
681.
671.
69!
1.68
170
1.64
1.66
82.5
S3_..7
82.9
82.9
82.9
83.1
83.1
83.1
83.1
83.1
83.1
84.0
83.1
86.0
87.-
88.8
90g.
891
.791.9
92.2
95.2
-97.2
98.
99.0
98.3
93.0
98.1
97.9
97.4
i97.7
.97.2
96.6(
95.7
95.5
95.2
95.9
95.9
95.7
96.6
36.2
37.0
36.2
37.0
35.9
37.0
36.2
37.0
36.2
37.0
36.2
37.()
35.9
137.
035
.937.0
35-9
l37,10
35.9
3,7,0
36.6.
37.0
36.8
l37.
03f
6.2
j37.
0
37.0
41.4
37.3
i41.
0i3
7.5
41.4
.37
.7î
41.0
C37.9
41.0
38.4
41.0
38.6
41.0
_3)9 .S
40.8
39.99
A0.8
40.
(40,8
!40.
840.8
41.0
40.7
!38
.841.0
57.5
57.3
57.1
57.5
57.5
57.3
57.8
57.1
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.4
57.3
60.8
61.3
61.3
61..
761
.761.9
(1.7
61.5
61.5
61.3
61.3
61.1
61.5
61..
761.7
62.4
67.8
62.8
1
63.2
6'4.2
6G.0
6Y.3
65.u
64.4
64.2
63.9
63.5
G3.5
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.2
61.9
61.6
63.1
Butt
er
$/kg
.
Month
January
February
March
Apri
lMay
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Average
1.71
1.68
1.75
1.714
1.75
1.78
1.90
1.94
1.97
1.90
1.89
1.81
1.87
1.87
1.86
1.86
1.85
1.85
1.'2
1.82
1.84
1.84
1.83
1.8
31.85
80.2
80.7
i8o.
9i'80.7
I80.
7f 8
0.7
! 80.
280
.5
81.6
s82.
582
.280.9 __*_Sc_
RETA
ILPRICES
OFSELECTED
DAIR
YPRODUCTS
AND
MARGARINE
BYMO
NTHS
1964-1967
(con
t'd)
Milk,
fres
h,av
erag
epr
ice
inleading
Non-
fat
dry
milk1/
Month
averagepricei
nlead
ingDr
ywhole
mile
2/ci
ties
(hal
f-ga
llon
(Hum
anco
nsum
ptio
n)containers)
191961.72196
419
651966
1967'
_196
1926
67
January
24.6
24.5
24,5
26.5
j32
.21
32.0
533.36
44.09
76.2
673.08
81.11
91.53
February
24.6
24.3
24.6
26.3
32.30
32.1
933
.58
43.65
75.33
71.0
178.68
91.49
March
24.4
24.3
24.8
2(6.2
32.2
331.86
34.3
344
.03
76.1
975
.55
79.3
489.53
Apri
l24
.3241.1
25.0
G26
.232.34
31.9
937.'21
43.9
273
.66
68.01
84.61
88.16
May
24.2
2e.9
25.0
26.3
32.3
232
<05
38.0
343
.96
73.63
74.7
680
.78
88.O
1Ju
ne24.2
23.8
25.0
26.4
32.2
332.08
38.4
343.94
71.2
773
.46
81.6
à84.357
July
24.4
24.0
25.4
26.3
31,59
39.12
43.01
43.83
72.64
75.0
093.67
85.9g
Augu
st24
.424
.326
.226.4
32.30
32.45
44.67
4376
75.e55
ro3
93.83
88.e
Sept
embe
r24
.524
.326.4
26.6
32'.61
32.54
45.5
243;94
80.7
176.12
99.30
87.5
4October
24.7
24..5
26.7
26.8
32.5
632.76
44.00
43.9
873.10
77.34
9526
94.7
1No
vemb
er224-.5
26.
26.8
32.25
32.9
644.97
43O9
474.05
79.1
092
.99
94.l
1December
24.6
U24.6
26.ô
26.9
32.14
33.07
44.25
43-.
7274.91
79.78
94.2`27
90.6v5
Average
24.5
2L:..3
25.5
26.5
32.25
32.34
40.1
243
.92
74.6
074.96
87.9
689
.58
1/Retail
pric
esnot
available.
poin
ts,
United
Stat
es.
average
whol
esal
eprice
for
goods
atmanufacturer's
dist
ribu
ting
2/Retail
pric
enot
available.
Aver
age
whol
esal
epr
ice
f.o.b.
plan
t,United
Stat
es.
Sour
ce:
Bureau
ofLabor
Stat
isti
cs&Ec
onom
icRe
sear
chService.
COM.AG/W/4/Add .1Page 20
C.4. Factors which condition the evolution of internal consumption
Not available.
C.5. Policies and measures affecting consumption
(a) Consumer subsidies - none.
(b) Other measures
Large quantities of dairy products removed from the market underthe price support programme have been donated to the school lunchprogramme, to needy families, to charitable institutions, and to otherGoverment agencies for such uses as increasing consumption bymilitary personnel and veterans' hospital patients. These programmesprovided additional outlets for the equivalent of some 7 billion poundsof mulk or about 6 per cent of total United Sates productionin1967.
The United States Department of Agriculture administers a foodstamp programme in a number of areas where needy ffamilies are assistedin buying foods in the regular food stores. These families buy foodsincluding milk and other dairy products with stamps furnished bythe Federal Government. The stores return the stamps to the Governmentfor cash.
In 1965, Congress granted the Secretary of agriculture additionalauthority to buy dairy products for programme use. The Food andAgriculture Act of 1965 authorizes the use of CCC funds to buy dairyproducts at market prices for domestic and foreign school lunch,welfare and other uses whenever CCC's price support stocks areinsufficient for such uses.
During periods of plentiful supply, substantial quantities ofnonfat dry milk removed from the market under price support programmeshave been sold at concessional prices to foreign governments for usein developing their school lunch programmes. Large quantities ofnon-fat dry milk and, from time to time, substantial quantities ofbutter and cheese have also been donated for use in the assistance ofneedy persons and in non-profit school lunch and special food assistanceprogrammes outside the United States. These products have been donatedfor foreign distribution through non-voluntary agencies registered withthe United States Government and International Organizations,including religious agencies, the United Nations InternationalChildren's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and CARE. These uses not only haveimproved the diets of millions of young children and adults, but alsohave helped to develop market demand for dairy products.
COM.AG/W/4/Add.1Page 21
In addition to donations of dairy products removed from themarket under the dairy support programme for school lunch, welfare,and other uses, the United States Government has encouraged increasedconsumption of milk andits products in the following ways:
1. Milk is served under a special programme for childrenat times in those schools which do not serve a complete lunch.
2. Milk consumption per person among the military personnel hasbeen greatly increased by a special milk programme.
3. For many years, the United States Department of Agriculturehas co-operated with the food trades in promoting and featuringplentiful foods including milk and its products.
COM .AG/W/4/Add .1Page 22
D. INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND PRICES
D.1. Statistical data on the volume and value of imports and exportsby source and destination
Statistical data are given in the following table:
Page
Imports of principal dairy products 23
Cheese: imports by country of origin 24
Exports of selected dairy products 25
Butter exports by country of destination 26
Non-fat dry milk: exports by country of 27destination
Exports of specified dairy products by typeof shipments 30
Because of the decline in milk production during the past three yearsand reduced availability of some manufactured dairy products, United Statesparticipation in world commercial dairy product trade has declined sharplyfrom the high level reached in 1964.
UNIT
EDST
ATES
IMPORTSOF
PRINCIPALITEMS,
'uan±tity,V
alue
Item
s16
1065
166-
126
167
11965
166
167
Crea
M,fresh
Butt
erCh
eese
,all
Swiss
Gruyère
Pecorino
Blue
Moul
dEdaM
and
Gouda
Colb
y2/
All
other
cheeses
not
list
edabove
Caseom
.dr
ied
Tota
lvalue
'000
kgs.
4,50
3302
35,325
5,219
2,346
7,578
1,927
3,071
5,l8
4
10,000
49, 1
94
.5,7
14 339
35,975
4,726
'2,410
.7,2
131,
996
.3,4
32.6
,418
9,78
041
,635
6,78
430
361
,451
6,691
4,13
87,
148
2,34
64,943
20g863
15,322
48,946
5,67
2307
68,848
6,511
4,462
7,14
42,175
5,26
525
,090
18,2
0143,626
2,014
362
39,491
6,42
72,779
10,420
2,136
3,11
72,
725
11,887
20,3
13
62,180
*2,487
385
43,
.236,
001
2,88
6*1
2,16
02,209
3,537
3,49
9
12,731
26,621
72,51
6
3e19
536
560
,110
7,98
84
108
11,4
712,
621
4,991
12,570
16,361
27,1
65
90,8352/
2,811
377
64;58
77,929
4,14
610,1
602,548
*5;59
616
,264
17,944
;23,50o6
91,2
812'
~~~~~i
-L-I1
1/Preliminary
2/No
tsh
own
separately
byBureau
ofConsus
prior
toSeptember
1963
.
3/Do
esnot
incl
ude
impo
rts
ofbu
tter
fat/
suga
rmixtures
of49
million
kgs.
,valued
atab
out
$25million
in19
66an
d45
million
kgs.,
valued
at$23mi
llio
nin
1967
.o O .
-
t
DAIRY
PROD
UCTS
:
COM.AG/W/4/Add.1Page 24
CHEESE: lMPORTS BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, 1964-67 1/
Country of 1964 1965 1966 1967destination .. 1966 1967
'000 kgs.
Canada 3 220 540 414Argentina 1,751 1,448 2,074 2,675Brazil - - 1lDenmark 4,490 4,555 10,340 13,837Netherlands 2,276 2,490 3,765 3,783United Kingdom 91 181 143 204Portugal 24 76 45 60Sweden 341 377 731 1,066Switzerland 4,902 4,642 5,707 4,655Yugoslavia 183 191 262 27,1Austria 1,243 1,154 2,390 2,05Finland 1,494 1,562 3,172 3,707Belgium 4 69 1,334 1,068France 1,509 1,830 6,901 3,966Germany-West 271 442 797 2,181Greece 302 435 366 412Ireland 196 725 909 1,367.Italy 9,395 8,341 7,513 7,327Norway 541 580 701 828Bulgaria 379 576 583 682Czechoslovakia 29 35 40 i 87Poland 48 39 547 946Australia 1,105 2,127 1,211 1,102New Zealand 4,384 3,528 9,654 15,047.Others 59 353 1,708 1,106
Total 35,325 35,976 61,452 68,8466. , , | _ _ _ _ _ _
1/Preliminary
DAIRY
PROD
UCTS
:UNITED
STATES
EXPORTS
OFSELECTED
PRODUCTS,
QUAN
TITY
ANDVA
LUE1964-67
Item
s
Butter2/
....
..
Cheese,
all
types
Milk
proc
esse
d:
Condensed,
sweetened
....
Evaporated
...
Non-
fat
drie
dmi
lk3/
1/Preliminary.
1964
Quan
tity
Valu
e
'000
kgs.
*00°
134,848
4,12
1
28,50
3
17,1
07
594,
952
116
191
4,04
3
'15,247
5,636
1127678
1965
1966
Quan
tity
Valu
eQuantity
Valu
e
'000
kg,
$100
0o
000
kg000
1l
29,8
26
3,09
9
25,598
11,4
52
391,
490
29,961
37399
15,6
194,
164
117,697
6,211
2,72
3
41,1
3318
,04
175,853
t1I
I--
7,894
3,69
4
22,7
67
5,86
5
63,2
72
1967Il'
Quan
tity
Value
'100
0kg
s$5
000
..1,329
2,Q33
2,884
4,099 s.~~~~
~~~~~~
~~~
13,247
7,35
515,318
5,06
2
185,514
8o,,99
2/Includes
butt
ereq
uiva
lent
ofanhydrous
milk
fat.
3/Includes
donation
shipments.
0?
COM.AG/W/4/Add.1Page 26
Table 1(b)
UNITEDSTATES BUTTER EXPORTS BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION,1964-67
Country of 194 16 16destination 1964 | 1965 1 j966 1967... . .. . , 1, , 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'000 kgs.
Mexico 2,661 5 51 4El Salvador 571 136 - -Dominican Republic 1,795 20 11 2Jemaica 1,608 249 51 11Nicaragua 680 52 _ 18Costa Rica 338 325 _ 1Ecuador 820 - _Peru 4,650 1,570 418Chile 4,016 1,831 807Venezuela 3,417 27 _Brazil 8-,594 378 _Bolivia 1,187 _ _United Kingdom 4,570 - _Spain 137 1,366 _ _Portugal 795 - _France 9,330 6,582 -Belgiun 7,410 2,348 _ _Germany, West 2s459 2.128 _ _Italy 3,358 54 40840Poland 10,242 1,946 -Yugoslavia 2,368 13 1_Greece 1,475 275 1 1Netherlands 3,045 1 37Switzerland 1,254 723 - _Germany, East 3,410 1,313 _Turkey 1,176 -_ _Israel 997 1,115 - 2Iran 2,1!l 608 134Pakistan 2,376 194 6 4India 9,520 407 - _Viet Nam 333 368 1,318 _Taiwan 508 33 69Korea 1, 311 977 930 771Japan 525 599 479 171Philippines, Rep. of 875 711 88 3Nansei Is. 836 538 706 230Algeria 7,701 _ _Morocco 2,150 233 10Tunisia 1,007 850 - _Egypt 4,585 _ 26 |S. Africa, Rep. off 8,351 161 _Others 10,259 1,654 698 144
Grand total 1_134,848 f_29,826 6,211 1,5362-- r -.
1/Preliminary
COM.AG/W//4/Add. 1Page 27
Table 1(c)NON-FATDRY MILK: UNITED STATES EXPORTS BY COUNTRY
OF DESTINATION, 1964-67
Country 1964 1965 1966 19672J_ 1 - -,, _
CanadaMexicoGuatemalaEl SalvadorBritish HondurasHondurasNicaraguaCosta RicaPanama, Republic ofBahemasBermudaDominican RepublicHaitiJamaicaLeeward and Windward Is.Netherlands Antilles
ColombiaEcuadorPeruChileVenezuelaBrazilBoliviaParaguayUruguayBritish GuianaSurinamTrinidad and TobagoUnited KingdonSpainPortugalNetherlandsBelgiumFranceDemarkGermany, WestItalyAustria
'000 kgs.
2,5342094714,5703,258
112844
1,583528987126131
6,o602,0751,670414225
11,3505,6357,28510,5516,536
35,0161,954
3161,181
600283689
7,0939,7843,166
138,6328,3781,084
27,4422,50131,637
200
4. 12214,1431,3422,165
76621
1,400907
1,16110344
4,932.1,2161,948
460230
11,1921,5116,401
11,5943,945
36,649725585877395383348140
13,4764,352
54Y,5731716053
9993;' 55
256
1812,2421,9cO001,408
138291
1,112624635
a
333e882
510664401156
1,762609
4,7805,0701,382
19,453301699659'30103
356
2,3441, 163
2714862219
2, 0874
590614
2,4911,398
60660
4,4.12926926414
2,406437
1,46245326
11,7771,1324,2104,912
2924,6001,176
541507445
i6,1011,304
41
26
13
1\Preliminary
-;
COM. AG/W/4/Add .1Page 28
Table 1(c) (cont'd)
Country 1964 1965 | 1966.. ..-19671/
PolandYugoslaviaGreeceSwedenSwitzerlandHungary
Cyprus
TurkeySyriaLebanonIsraelJordanIraqIran
AfghanistanPakistanIndiaCeylonBurmaMalaysiaThailandViet Na
Hong KongTaiwanKoreaJapanIndonesiaPhilippines, Rep. ofLaosNansei Islands
'000 kgs.
8,38913,887
l 337
11, 919
7,66294
6,061197367
5,418240
1,2852,872
27110,440
29,3403,547497
1,083418
2,3761,1054,3698,494
66,010
8,29818,878
712,783
3,18714,8951,936
671,267
91
7,0191,029714
4,814
666493
2,648538
9,27029,9584,062
5271,323
8091,757
6314,3579,e84653,602
77116,254
1913,478
1,6761,083
998113
217
5,4554
628223251219
1,794534
1,07537,210
701824216676
11,249518
2,1455,826
16,644743
13,30423
2,127
4,288
2,114177
10,40413736160664213663387
1,45421,7322,549877783628
6,416239
3,86113,529
541601
13,129
2,221
1/Preliminary
COM. AG/W/4/Add.1Page 29
Table 1(c) (cont'd)
Country 1964 1965 1966 1967-/
'000 kgs.
Morocco 1,481 784 1,012 1,584Liberia 144 158 210 258Algeria 2,221 . 1,778Ghana 1,006 1,30 632 825Nigeria 1,422 1,960 729 720Tunisia 1,186 1,637 873 1,S49Congo, Republic of 322 2,489 382 1,406South Africa, Rep. of 827 1,252 1,431 230Ethiopia 235 487 351 236Egypt 3,845 10,645 1,404 3,986Other Africa 2Y825 4,175 4,360 8,594
Others 4,502 2,913 2,302 1,229
Grand total 594,625 391,490 175M53 185,514
2/preliminary
DAIRYPRO
DUCT
S:UN
ITED
STAT
ESEX
PORT
SOF
SPEC
IFIE
DPRODUCTS
BYTY
PEOF
SHIP
MENT
S.19
64-1
967
'000
kgs
Publ
icLa
w48
0
Tota
lTi
tle
Tabl
eIl
Title
III
AID
Gove
rnme
ntSa
les
for
Comm
odity
expo
rts1
/Sa
les
programme
gove
rnme
ntdollars/
and
year
for
Donations
Donations
Barter
sale
s2/
fore
ign
_I
currency
_____
--
1964
1965
........
1966
Cheese
1964
........
1965
.......
1966
19675/...
Canned
milk
1964
........
1965
........
1966
1967.....
Dry
whole
milk
1964
........
1965
.......
19666/.
1967.'
Non-fatdrymilkU
1964
........
1965
........
19666/
........
196
..
134,848
29,8
266,
211
1,329
4,122
3,099
2,72
22,884
45,610
41,0
5160
,177
28,56
5
6,304
8,391
7,06
95,
397
594,
625
391,
490
1753853
-8551,L'.
1,85
11,240
441
480
100
28,324
30,778
417703
13,318 478
1,813
154
2/
7,65
37,816
1,692
Negl.
4,193
912
18,201
13,7
314,931
61,365
3,18
7 99Negl.
121 2 23 194
216,113
200,
8Q5
98,586
60,5041121,110
5,70
3
740
17,1
91 276
617
580
967
il
Negl.
il 1 34 123
275
Negl
.
24 103
726
Negl.
137 12
Nogl.
366
69,328
56,564
18,616
61,1
569/
23,520
4,92
01,
329
3,144
2,99
72,699
2,88
4
17,058
10,1
5018,199
15,2
47
5,8O29'
6,47
56,189
59397
266,002
112,286
14,41
3,90
0
1/Data
fromBureau
ofCensus,
USDe
pt.
ofCommerce.
2/Inc
lude
sex
pend
itur
esunder
commodity
(non
-development
loans.
3/
Sales
at
concessional
prices
restricted
mainly
school
lunch
programmes.
4/
Incl
udes
products
moved
into
exportun
der
special
sales
programmes.
5/Includes
butt
erequivalent
ofan
hydr
ous
milk
fat,
butter
oil,
and
ghee
.6/
Preliminary;
ship
ment
sby
prog
ramm
epartially
esti
mate
d.7/If
any,
incl
uded
unde
rsa
les
for
doll
ars.
8/
Includes,
1,012,000
kgs.
long
-ter
mcr
edit
sale
s,Title
IV.
9/Includes
20,000
kgs.
,lo
ng-t
erm
credit
sales,
Title
IV.
, ',
. . H
COM.AG/W/4/Add . 1Page 31
D.2. Levels of export prices prevailing in various markets;levels of import prices -
Export prices series for certain dairy products and values ofselected dairy products in country of origin are given in the followingtables.
SELE
CTED
UNITED
STATES
EXPO
RTPR
ICESERIES
FORNON-FAT
DRYMI
LK,BU
TTER
AND
CHEDDAR
CHEE
SE19
64-1
967
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Ave.
Cents
per
kg.
Oqu
I
(CCC)
Expor
Sales
Price
for
Sprav
Process
r-3
~-~r~
I__I
Non--FatMilk
f.a.
s.Basis
Port-of-Exports
16.3
19.0
20.0
30.2
28.7
28.5
(CCC
stoc
ksde
plet
ed,
26.1
2k4,
.426.7
31.1
I3.1
|336
28.7
29.0
2288
j28.8
28.8
28.8
28.8
export
sales
programmes
suspended
10February
1966)
Export
Sales Pric
eforGrade
Butt
er,
f.a.s.
Basis
Port-of-Export
59.4
59.7
|61.9
64.9
71.3
76.3
76.4
79.3
J89.2
J102.4
93.6
g88.
8i
.;6
177.6
68.9
69.4
69.1
68EX9
68.9
69.o
68.9
658.
9(C
CCst
ocks
depleted,
expo
rtsales
programmes
susp
ende
d10
February
1966)
I_
I-
I-
I-
lI
-
lExport
Sale
sPr
ice
55.3
66.6
,51.1
66.6
Cor
59.1
66.6
Cheddar
Cheesof.a.s.e
Basi
sPortt-of-w
63.7
68.3
66.g
70.3
67.5
66.6
67.5
66.6
67.7
67.7
66.6
66.6
68.1
'23.7
t29.
7
72.8
76.9
61.7
67.7
1/No
export
sales.
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
15.7
33,.3
29.7
15.7
33.6
29.7
59.7
96.3
68.9
1964
1965
î966
1967z/
1964
1965
1966
1967-.
1961..
1965#
1964
196/
USICCC
54.5
70.5
52.0
66.6
a
__
__
-___
___
__-----
__
__
-...
....-__
_._L_ 1
_.L
UNIT
EDSTATES
IMPORTS:
VALUE
OFSE
LECT
EDDA
IRY
PRODUCTS
INCO
UNTR
YOF
ORIG
INUS
$PER
KG.
1964-1967BTMONTHS1/
_.____
____f
_OI_.
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept
.Oc
t.No
v.Dec.
Emme
ntha
ler
orSw
iss
Chee
se:
Swit
zerl
and
1.43
1.43
1.52
1.50
1.51
1.49
1.57
1.59
1.41
1.50
1.51
1.61
1.43
1.52
1.49
3.58
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.50
1.54
1.41
1.56
1.65
1.46
1.50
1.50
.1.
611.
571.57
1.60
1.58
Gruy
ereProcessCheese:
Switzerland
1.32
1.32
1.30
1.32
1.32
1.31
1.43
1.35
1.30
1.39
1.41
1.39
1.30
1.41
1.36
1.45
.
Roquefort
Cheese:
Fran
ce
2.18
2.23
2.43
2.40
2.53
2.e3
2.56
2.52
2.23
2.43
2.53
2.54
2.23
2.43
2.56
2.53
1.43
1.94
1.35
1.40
2.20
2.43
2.54
2.54
Blue-Mould
Cheese:
Denm
ark
1.10
1.10
î.og
î.îo
1.09
1.10
1.19
1.14
1.10
1.08
1.O0
1.13
1.13
1.1E
1.1l
1.o8
1.08
1.14
>1.
17
1.48
1.46
1.45
1.62
2.20
2.43
2.53
2.53
.1.10
1.08
1.14
*1.1
6
Edam
and
Gouda
Cheese:
Neth
erla
nds
1.04
1.06
1.01
1.04
.94
.98
1.08
1.09
1,06
1.06
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.03
1.05
1.08
1.08
1.06
1.06
1.10
1.06
11.08
1.05
1.12
1.34
1.32
Z1.
591.36
1.34
1.29
1.48
1.36
2.20
2.23
2.43
2.43
2.54
2.47
2.58
2.53
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.1Q.
1.09
1.12
1.18
1.19
1.06
1.04
1.06
1.02
1.05
1.04
1.11
1.08
1/CombutedfromUSimport
stat
isti
csbased
oncustom
valuation
Valuesin
foreigncountries
the
there-
fore
excludes
impo
rtduties,
ocean
freight
andmarine
insurance.
(Above
prices
areroughly
equivalent
to
f.o.b.
price
countryof
origin.)
1964
...
1i965
...
1966
...
1967
...
1.37
1.61
1.42
1.61
137
1.50
1.50
1.5g
1.41
1.50
1.41
1.59
1.46
1.50
1.54
1.54
1.32
1.34
1.33
1..3
6
1.32
1.37
1.35 ,.39
1.96
2.23
2.47
2.53
1.0
1.10
1.10
1.14
1.32
1.39
1.33
1.35
2.03
2.43
2.52
2.51
i10
1.10
1.10
1.17
1964
...
1965
...
1966
...
1967
...
1964
...
1965
o--
1966
...
1967
...
1964
...
1965
...
1966
...
1967
...
1964
...
1965
..1966
..1967
...
1.30
1.34
1.31
1.2
9
2.01
2.43
2.53
2.52
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.15
2.01
2.40
2.53
2.53
1.15
1.10
1.09
1.15
0.97
1.01
1.03
1.04
0.97
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.06
1.04.99
1.06
1.01
1.04
1.03
1.07
O .
.re
@_
I
COM.AG/W/4/Add.1Page 34
D.3. Export aid measures and policies
From, 1966 through calendar 1967, virtually no dairy products wereoffered for sale to exporters from CCC stocks. Butterfat productsacquired by CCC under the Price Support Programme during these yearswere used in domestic school lunch and welfare programmes. Sizeablequantities of non-fat dry milk continued to be made available underdonation programmes for overseas use in relief and welfare feedingprogrammes.
D.4. Description of bilateral agreements affecting imports or exports
For many years, the United States has had a large bilateralprogramme of food aid. Under such arrangements, large quantities ofdairy products have been donated for use in special feeding programmesin many ccuntries. As indicated above, during recent years non-fat drymilk has been the only dairy product available in significant volumefor use in overseas food aid programmes.