of specimens. Spiculopteragia spiculoptera was the dominant species, and Mazamastrongylusdagestanica and Nematodirus licollis were also detected. Ostertagia antipini and a minor morph of

ian roroe deer Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758 Capreolus capreolus pygargus for the major part of the 20th century (Flerov, 1952;

tudy by Oshmarin andical study in Primorsky

the helminth species

Achievements in the Life Sciences 8 (2014) 121122

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Achievements in the Life Sciences

j ourna l homepage: www.e lsev ie r .com/ locate /a l sThere is poor helminthological information about the Siberian roe deer that inhabits the Russian Far East. A sParukhin (1963) can be considered as the only report. The authors presented the results of a roe helminthologKrai, but there was no data on the quantitative rate of infection.

Our objective was to gain information about the C. pygargus helminth fauna. Our research focused onGeptner et al., 1961). This fact affected the data presentation of the helminth fauna of the roe. Extensive information about the roehelminth fauna, which was collected during the 20th century, did not distinguish between the two roe species (C. pygargus andC. capreolus) (Pryadko, 1976).

The Siberian roe is awidespread species, and there aremixed populations of C. pygargus andC. capreolus. According to the results ofmolecular-genetic studies, 80% of the roes in theMoscow and adjacent regions have Siberianmitochondrial genomes (Zvychaynayaet al., 2011). In connection with that, a helminthological study of the Siberian roe is quite important.Among Russian zoologists, the Sibercomposition and uppermost nematodes thathe high rates of infection and species dive

Corresponding author at: A.N. Severtsov Institute ofE-mail address: dkuznetsov@mail.ru (D.N. KuznetsoPeer review under responsibility of Far Eastern Fed

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.als.2015.01.0062078-1520/ 2015 The Authors. Hosting by Elsevier B(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).e deer Capreolus pygargus Pallas, 1771 has been considered a subspecies of the EuropeanIntroductionS. spiculoptera, Rinadia mathevossiani, were observed for the rst time in Primorsky Krai. Inaddition, the Spirurida nematode Pygarginema skrjabiniwas detected in one roe, and the trematodeDicrocoelium dendriticumwas found in the small intestines of two roes. 2015 The Authors. Hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Far Eastern Federal University. This is an

open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Capreolus pygargusPrimorsky KraiHelminthsSpiculopteragia spiculopteraRinadia mathevossianiMazamastrongylus dagestanicaOstertagia antipiniNematodirus licollisPygarginema skrjabiniDicrocoelium dendriticumHelminth Fauna of the Siberian Roe (Capreolus pygargus)Digestive Tract

Dmitry N. Kuznetsov a,c,, Ivan V. Seryodkin b, Dariya A. Maksimova b, Alexander V. Khrustalev c

a A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russiab Pacic Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russiac K.I. Skryabin Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology, Moscow, Russia

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Available online 25 February 2015 A helminthological study of six adult Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) individuals fromPrimorsky Krai was performed. The abomasa and small intestine contents were assessed. Allanimalswere infectedwith nematodes, and the intensity of infection ranged from tens to hundredsKeywords:t parasitise the abomasum and small intestine. Interest in these helminths is based onrsity. A high degree of community for the nematode species composition of different

Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russia.v).eral University.

.V. on behalf of Far Eastern Federal University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

ruminant species is typical. Therefore, a study of Siberian roe deer helminth fauna is important to identify the helminth exchangeprocess between different species of wild and domestic ruminants.

122 D.N. Kuznetsov et al. / Achievements in the Life Sciences 8 (2014) 121122Materials and Methods

Helminthological autopsy of the abomasum and small intestine of six C. pygargus adult individuals was carried out according toconventional methodology (Ivashkin et al., 1971). Data collection occurred in the Terneysky District of Primorsky Krai (Russian FarEast) during the snow period (NovemberFebruary) from 2010 to 2013.

We collected the contents from the abomasum and rst 50 cm of the small intestine connected with the abomasum. The sampleswere placed in a container and covered with water in a 1:1 ratio. We also scraped off the mucous tunic of the abomasum and smallintestine and placed it in a container with the contents. After 1015 min, we decanted the supernatant and recovered the sedimentwith water. We repeated this procedure 35 times until the supernatant became transparent. Then, we xed the sediment with96% ethanol at a 1:1 ratio.

In the laboratory, we picked out the nematodes from the sediment using a binocular loupe. Species identication of the nematodeswas made using males only because of unreliability of precise diagnostics based on females. Male species were cleared with 10%aqueous solution of glycerine in temporary wholemounts. Species identicationwas based onmorphology, specically on the repro-ductive system according to Skryabin et al., 1954; Pryadko, 1976; Govorka et al., 1988, and Kusnetsov, 2006. Because of the scarcity ofdata on the morphology of Nematodirus spp., we used our own keys for this genus (unpublished).

Results and Discussion

All studied individuals of C. pygargushad the nematode species Spiculopteragia spiculopteraGuschanskaja, 1931, ranging from26 to392 males per animal, with an average of 173 specimens per animal. One of the roe deer had two males of the minor morphS. spiculoptera species, Rinadia mathevossiani (Ruchliadev, 1948). Morph R. mathevossianiwas found in Primorsky Krai for the rsttime. We also found males of Mazamastrongylus dagestanica (Altaev, 1952), ranging from one to 25 specimens in three roe deer,with an average of nine specimens per animal. Two roe deer had one and 12 specimens of Nematodirus licollis (Rudolphi, 1802)males. One roe had 10 specimens ofOstertagia antipiniMatschulsky, 1950, and this specieswas observed for therst time in PrimorskyKrai.

The total number of nematode females found in the abomasum and small intestine contents of C. pygargus ranged from 32 to 476specimens, with an average of 238 nematode females per roe deer.

In addition to the nematodes listed above, which are similar in size and morphology, we found 112 nematodes of the speciesPygarginema skrjabini Kadenazii, 1948 in the abomasum of one roe deer. These nematodes belong to the order Spirurida. They are rel-atively large at 22.5 cm in length. In contrast to all mentioned nematodes, which have a direct life cycle, the P. skrjabini cycle includesan intermediate host, dung beetles.

In addition to nematodes, the trematode Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi, 1819) was found in the small intestine contents oftwo roe deer, with two and 20 specimens per animal.

Information about the taxonomical composition of the roe deer helminths was collected from the same area over a half of centuryago (Oshmarin and Parukhin, 1963). Those results consist with our results for only one species, D. dendriticum (=Dicrocoeliumlanceatum). In addition to this species, Oshmarin and Parukhin (1963) reported ve species of roe deer helminths in the Sikhote-Alin Reserve, Skrjabinotrema ovis, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Spiculopteragia shulzi, Dictyocaulus eckerti, and Setaria altaica.

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the RFBR grant No. 13-04-00341a and the Wildlife Conservation Society (USA).

References

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Helminth Fauna of the Siberian Roe (Capreolus pygargus) Digestive TractIntroductionMaterials and MethodsResults and DiscussionAcknowledgementReferences