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Results of initial characterization of the groundwater bodies in Croatian karst
Zeljka Brkic
Croatian Geological SurveyDepartment for Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,
Zagreb, Croatia
Contractor: Croatian Geological Survey, Department forHydrogeology and Engineering Geology
Team leader: dr Zeljka Brkic
Co-authors: dr Ranko Biondic (Kupa river basin – karst area, Istria, Hrvatsko Primorje)dr Janislav Kapelj (Una river basin – karst area)dr Ante Pavicic (Lika region, northern and middle Dalmacija)dr Ivan Sliskovic (southern Dalmacija)
Other associates: dr Sanja Kapeljdr Josip Terzicdr Tamara MarkovicAndrej Stroj
On 23 October 2000, the "Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy" or, in short, the EU Water Framework Directive (or even shorter the WFD) was finally adopted.
The purpose of WFD is to establish a framework for the protection ofinland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater (protection of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, reduction in pollution groundwater, protection of territorial and marine waters, sustainable water use, …)
WFD is one of the main documents of the European water policy today, with the main objective of achieving “good status” for all waters within a 15-year period
What is the groundwater body ?
“groundwater body” means a distinct volume of groundwater within an aquifer or aquifers
Member States shall identify, within each river basin district:
all bodies of water used for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption providing more than 10 m3 per day as an average or servingmore than 50 persons, and
those bodies of water intended for such future use.
location and boundaries of groundwater bodies
pressures to which the groundwater bodies are liable to be subject, including
diffuse sources of pollutionpoint sources of pollution abstraction artificial recharge
general character of the overlying strata in the catchment area from which the groundwater body receives its recharge
those groundwater bodies for which there are directly dependant surface water ecosystems or terrestrial ecosystems
Initial Characterization – Groundwater(Annex II, 2.1 - WFD)
Initial Characterization of Groundwater Bodies in Croatia
Approach for the initial characterization of groundwater bodies is made in the regional level
The hydrogeological map 1:300.000River basins defined in WMP
Delineation of horizontal boundaries:Geology and hydrogeological units,Hydraulic properties,Groundwater flow,Interaction of surface and ground water – karst areas
Upper boundary – covering aquitard is included in groundwater bodies
Lower boundary – temperature of 200C, mineralization of 1000mg/l
Aquifers of termal and mineral water is not included in groundwater bodies because there is not enough data
The hydrogeological general map on the scale of 1:300,000 serves as a basis for determination of locations and boundaries of groundwater bodies.
the Drava river basin– 3 water district,
the Sava river basin– 13 water districts
the immediate Danuberiver sub-basin
– 2 water district.the Adriatic drainage area
– 20 water districts(without islands).
Groundwater flow in the karst areas
Some ten tracing tests have been undertaken in Croatia
The oldest tracing tests – during 1930
GWB in the Kupa and Una river basin (karstarea)
* 21 GWBDobra river basin – recharge area
Cabranka spring Dobra river basin - ponorsLower flow of the Kupa river
Kupa spring Lower flow of the Dobra river Lower flow of the Mreznica river
Kupica and Zeleni Vir springs Korana river basin
Mreznica river basin– recharge area
Mreznica river basin – swallow-holes(ponors)
Slunjcica river basinLicka Jasenica
Plitvice – Korana areaPljesivica-Krbava area
GWB in the Istria and Hrvatsko PrimorjeGWB in the Istria and Hrvatsko Primorje
* 21 GWB
Bulaz springDragonja river basin Rijeka - west
Sv.Ivan spring Kvarner area RijekaButoniga
Bakar bayRight bank of the Mirna river
Left bank of the Mirna river Licanka river basin
Area between Rovinj-Novigrad Left bank of the Rasa river
Right bank of the Rasa river Recharge area
Krk island
Wells in the Pula area Cres island
Area between N. Vinodolski-Karlobag
Zone of estavelles and ponors
Rab island Gacka spring
Lika river basin Pag island
Ricice – Lika
Ricice river basin
Area of coastal springs
GWB in the Lika region
* 7 GWB
GWB in the Zrmanja, Krka and Cetinariver basins
* 33 GWBBokanjac – Policnik area Right bank of the Zrmanja river
Left bank of the Zrmanja riverUpper flow of Krka riverMiljacka spring
Simica spring
Cikola springBiba spring
Left bank of the Cetina riverRight bank of the Cetina river
Kakma spring
Roski slap and Kalnicki KukStudenci spring
Torak and Jaruga springs
Pantan spring
Jadro and Zrnovnica springs
Dubac submarine spring
Opacac spring and north side of Imotsko poljeVrgorska banja
Butina spring and north side of Jezera
Klokun and Modro Oko springs
Klokun – Drasnice bayPrud spring
Neretva valleyLeft bank of the Neretva river
Zaton - Bistrina
Doli – Slano bay
Palata springOmbla spring
Duboka Ljuta spring
Konaovska Ljuta springKonaovska river
GWB in the Neretvariver basin and Dubrovnik area
* 23 GWB
Type of aquifers in the groundwater bodies
Groundwater bodies at risk
The groundwater bodies at risk in Croatia was preliminarily determined on the basis of the general character of the aquifers and the overlying deposits, the pressures to which groundwater body are liable to be subject and the existing groundwater quality data.
Next steps?
grouping groundwater bodies together within 4 river basins,
collecting detailed informations on the locations, type and magnitude of the significant anthropogenic pressures,
further characterisation of groundwater bodies at risk and
establishing monitoring network for groundwater quantity and quality with the requirements of the WFD
I.II.
Example of grouping GWB in the Kupa river basin
III.
IV?
Thank you for your attention !!!