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Behaviour and safety of masonry structures
University of Naples "Federico II"Department of Structural Analysis and Design
Prof. Antonello De LucaProfessor of Structural Engineering
RETROFIT OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF BASE ISOLATION (B.I.S.)
Lessons: 3 & 4
09 march 2006
STUDENT AND OTHER ADDRESSES
Antonello De Luca
OFFICIALLY REGISTRED PRESENT AT UMR CLASS06051250 Finke, John Edward [email protected] 12127481 Plotkin, Marc Franklin [email protected] 06002083 Stack, Steven L [email protected] 12062383 Steelhammer, Steffanie Elaine [email protected] 12137493 Allam, Gopala Krshna [email protected] UMR Class 12030318 Hernandez, Eli [email protected] UMR Class 10226163 Matta, Fabio [email protected] UMR Class 12152947 Shanmugam, Suriya Prakash [email protected]
CONTACT DE LUCA THROUGH EMAIL PRESENT AT UMR CLASS Quevedo, Mariel R [email protected] UMR Class Izai, Ali Mohammad [email protected] UMR Class Figi, Walter [email protected] Childress, Mark [email protected]
Students
Other addressesDr. Nestore Galati [email protected] Prof. Antonio Nanni [email protected] Prof. Antonello De Luca [email protected] Prof. William Schonberg [email protected] Prof. Giorgio Serino [email protected] Benedetta Bossi [email protected] Giovanni Cuomo [email protected]
OUTCOME FROM THE STUDY OF STRUCTURAL TYPES IN HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
• Historical monuments• Modern construction
5000 Years
• Before steel (1800)• Before concrete (1900)
• After steel (1800)• After concrete (1900)
• 1900 masonry construction?
Antonello De Luca
OUTCOME FROM THE STUDY OF STRUCTURAL TYPES IN HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Before studies on the theory of elasticity and strength of materials
After studies on the theory of elasticity and strength of materials
Some keystones dates
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)Jacques Bernoulli (1654-1705)Leonhard Euler (1707-1783)
Augustine Cauchy, Coulomb…
1700 - 1800
Antonello De Luca
OUTCOME FROM THE STUDY OF STRUCTURAL TYPES IN HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Before having the tools for design and dimensioning with analytical tools (Numbers coming from theory and computation.
Books to use for designing
Bernard Forest e BelidorLa Science des Ingenieurs (1729-1830)
M. Navier (1826)Resumé de Lcons sur l’application de la mecanique a l’etabilissement des constructions at des machines
Jean Baptiste Rondelet 1802Traité Tehorique et Pratique de l’art de Batir
Antonello De Luca
STRUCTURAL TYPES IN THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Before Navier
Trilith 1+1 Columns2Columns +1 Lintel (beam ?)
Primitive idea of putting one stone on the top of the other:
PYRAMID
• Greek architecture
• Roman architecture
• Up to Navier
Antonello De Luca
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IN THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Columns, Piers, Load Bearing Wall
Lintel, Architrave, Arch, Vault
Vertical Loads
Horizontal Loads
Antonello De Luca
STRUCTURAL TYPES IN THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Vertical loads GREEK
Antonello De Luca
STRUCTURAL TYPES IN THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Vertical loads PYRAMIDS
Antonello De Luca
STRUCTURAL TYPES IN THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Horizontal loads: slender construction
Antonello De Luca
STRUCTURAL TYPES IN THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
Horizontal loads: stocky construction
Antonello De Luca
HENDRY - “DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUTURES” (pag. 3)
Typical wall arrangements in masonry buildings
Antonello De Luca
HENDRY - “DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUTURES” (pag. 5)
Liability of a simplecross-wall structure
to accidentaldamage
Antonello De Luca
NAVIER: RESUMÉ DES LECONS
Antonello De Luca
NAVIER: RESUMÉ DES LECONS
Antonello De Luca
NAVIER: RESUMÉ DES LECONS
Antonello De Luca
NAVIER: RESUMÉ DES LECONS
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HENDRY - “DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUTURES” (pag. 14)
Classification of clay bricks according to compressive strength and absorption
Antonello De Luca
HENDRY - “DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUTURES” (pag. 14)
Compressive strength classes anr requirements of calcium silicate bricks
Antonello De Luca
HENDRY - “DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUTURES” (pag. 14)
Compressive strength and thickness of concrete blocks
Antonello De Luca
HENDRY - “DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUTURES” (pag. 19)
Compressive strength for mortar (BS 5628)
Antonello De Luca
HENDRY - “DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUTURES” (pagg. 54 and 70)
Partial safety factors in BS 5628
Partial safety factors for material in EC6
HENDRY - “DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUTURES” (pag. 19)
Requirements for mortar (BS 5628)
Antonello De Luca
HENDRY - “DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUTURES” (pagg. 24 and 41)
Effect of water/cement ratio on the compressive strength of mortar of
grades I, II and III
Rlationsip between brick crushingstrength and brikwork strength
forvarious morta strengths. Basedontest results
HENDRY - “DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUTURES” (pag. 57)
Characteristic strength of brickwor and solid concrete blockor whereratio of height tothickness of unit is between2.0 and 4.0
Breymann (Dello spessore dei muri e delle volte Pag. 57)
The stone strength and the safety factor
Breymann reports the sandstone of keuper strength test from Brix for the construction of the Bietigheim viaduct.
1/2 Antonello De Luca
Breymann (Dello spessore dei muri e delle volte Pag. 57)
The stone strength and the safety factor
2/2
From the last table we have:
2.346Heilbronn1.5531.1Nordheim0.918.4Kleebronn240.2Marbach
1.3827.6Kornwestheim
2
1.5
20
30.2Brughiera
Max project stressMPa
Design stressMPa
Safety factor
Ultimate stressMPa
Type of sandstone
Breymann report also the max stress for the Bietigheim viaduct. This max stress is 1.1 MPa.
Antonello De Luca
Breymann (Dello spessore dei muri e delle volte Pag. 57)
The stone strength and the safety factor from Cantalupi
Breymann also report the stone strength test from Cantalupi and give another safety factor for this to be assuming in the structure project.
1.515Hard brick
4.444Liais stone Paris 25.9
1059Lava Vesuvio
Max project stressMPa
Design stressMPa
Safety factor
Ultimate stressMPa
Type of stone
Antonello De Luca
HENDRY - “DESIGN OF MASONRY STRUTURES” (pag. 47)
Typical stress-strain curve for brick masonry
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.I - art.III)
Compression stress in some masonry structures of European Cultural Heritage
633.0The bell tower pile of Saint-Mery .Church
432.0The columns of S. Paolo fuori le Mura
633.0The dome pile of Santa Genevieffa
321.5The Invalidi dome pile in Paris
421.9The dome pile of S. Paolo in London
351.6The dome pile of S. Pietro in Rome
904.4The columns of Tutti i Santi Church - Angers
klb/ft2MPaStresses
Structure
In next slides are reported some examples.
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.I - art.III)
San Pietro in Rome
1,63 MPa35,2 lb/ft2
21103 m2
5511 m2 of masonry in plant(about 1/4 of total surface and about 1/3 of free surface)
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.I - art.III)
Invalidi dome in Paris
1,93 MPa41,7 lb/ft2
2695 m2
724 m2 of masonry in plant(about 4/15 of total surface)
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.I - art.III)
S. Paolo Fuori le Mura Church
1,97 MPa42,9 lb/ft2
9899 m2
1176 m2 of masonry in plant(about 2/17 of total surface and about 5/15 of free surface)
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.II)
Ratio of the total surface represented by the masonry in some structures of European Cultural Heritage
In next slides are reported
some examples.
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.II)
Panteon in Rome
3182 m2
739 m2 of masonry in plant (23% of the total surface)
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.II)
S. Sofia di Costantinopoli
9591 m2
2097 m2 of masonry in plant (22% of the total surface)
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.II)
S. Maria del Fiore in Florence
7881 m2
1582 m2 of masonry in plant (20% of the total surface)
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.II)
Tempio della Concordia Agrigento (Italy)
636 m2
123 m2 of masonry in plant
(20% of the total surface)
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.II)
Cathedral in Milan
11696 m2
1985 m2 of masonry in plant
(16% of the total surface)
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.II)
Nôtre-Dame in Paris
6258 m2
816 m2 of masonry in plant
(14% of the total surface)
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.II)
S. Filippo Neri Church in Naples
2121 m2
273 m2 of masonry in plant (13% of the total surface)
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.II)
S. Sabina Church in Rome
1407 m2
143 m2 of masonry in plant
(10% of the total surface)
Antonello De Luca
Rondelet (T.IV - Lib.IX - sez.IV - c.II)
Rotunda of S. Stefano in Rome
3413 m2
190 m2 of masonry in plant
(6% of the total surface)
Antonello De Luca