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GEOG 433GEOG 433

Soviet Development ContinuedSoviet Development Continued

Slides for October 31, 20123Slides for October 31, 20123

No. 11 & 12 - First 5-yr plan

No 19 & 20 - Collective and State Farms

No. 21 & 22 Output & targets 1928-1942

Table 2.1 Selected indicators for the first & second 5-year plans (1928-1937)

Fig 2.2 Major regional economic developments, 1920s to 1950s.

Ferrous Metallurgy

KMA - open pit FE-ore mine

Territorial planning units

• 13 major economic regions for planning, subordinate set for industry and agric.

• Major regions had no separate planning institutions - spatial data collecting units

• 1957 Krushchev most ministries abolished, 105 sovnarkhozy established

• 90 of 105 coincided with preexisting political administrative divisions

Fig 12.1 Major Economic Regions 1940-1960 (Symons)

Fig. 12.2 Sovnarkhozy regions 1957 (Symons)

Fig. 12.3 Industrial Management Regions (1963) (Symons)

Fig. 12.5 Major Economic Regions USSR (Symons)

Fig. 12.5 Major Economic Regions USSR (Symons)

Table 2.2 Average growth rates in the post-Stalin period

Table 2.3 Alternative estimates of average annual economic growth rates, 1951-1985

Table 2.4 Labor force structure of west and eastern Europe, 1955-1985 (in %)

Table 3.1 FSU republics: key territorial & economic indicators

Table 4.1 Ave. Annual Growth Rates of real GNP, 1953-65

pre-Post-Soviet ReformsBrezhnev’s dies 1982 , two short failed CPSU leaders, then Gorbachev elected new lead of CPSU in 1985, peasant from Stavropol’, young, well educated

Gorbachev’s Perestroika (rebuilding), inherited deeply entrenched, dysfunctional, totalitarian political system, stagnant state-run economy with serious problems

foreign earnings from petro-exports,

OPEC greatly expanded oil production in 1980s resulting in $oil dropping from $75 to less than $20/bbl (break-even point for Soviet oil)

Hard currency from oil used to purchase foreign consumer goods

poor quality (not accurate or honest domestic statistics)

late 1980’s 60% of industrial output was heavy machinery, engines, turbines, tractors, military; consumer goods <30% of production

Perestroika

Persistent problems confronting Gorbachev

Lack of variety of goods

Lack of quantity

Regional disparities:planners routinely overplannedplanners routinely underplanned

Lack of quality:incentive problems re: produce better goodslack of competitionproblems with quality control - durability, consistency,

freshness, etc.

Leaders/Characteristics (Blinnikov, page 97)

Timeline for Post-Soviet Reforms 1 (Blinnikov, page 97)

Timeline for Post-Soviet Reforms 2 (Blinnikov, page 98)