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Revealing Important Nocturnal and Day-to-Day Variations in Fire Smoke Emissions through a

Novel Multiplatform Inversion

Pablo Saide, Greg Carmichael, University of Iowa, Center for Global and Regional

Environmental Research

Contributions from: David Peterson (NRC), Arlindo da Silva, Bruce Anderson, Luke D. Ziemba, Glenn Diskin, Glen Sachse, Johnathan

Hair, Carolyn Butler, Marta Fenn, Phil Russell, Jens Redemann, Yohei Shinozuka, Alexei Lyapustin, Yujie Wang (NASA), Jose L. Jimenez,

Pedro Campuzano-Jost, O. Brian Toon (U. of Colorado Boulder), Anne Perring, Joshua Schwarz, Milos Z. Markovic (NOAA), David G. Streets,

Fang Yan (ANL), Jack Dibb (UNH), Robert Yokelson (U of Montana), Edward Hyer (NRL), Laura Gallardo (U of Chile)

RIM fire during SEAC4RSAu

gust

26t

hAu

gust

27t

h

AOD Aug 28th 00 UTC

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Rim fire cover on current the BAMS issue!

Peterson et al., BAMS 2015

Emission Inversion method

• Simultaneously improve the model fit to various measurements:– SEAC4RS in-situ (OA, CO, extinction) and

remote sensing (DIAL-HSRL Extinction) from 2 flights

– AERONET AOD (1, 2, 3, 4)– Ground based CO (1, 5, 6)– Satellite AOD (NASA NNR)

• Constrain hourly RIM fire emissions from NASA QFED BB emissions

• Performed at 4km resolution, for 2 met boundary conditions (FNL, NARR)

12km

4km

Saide et al., GRL 2015

Inversion evaluation• Re-run with constrained emissions• Agreement to assimilated data shows

good performance of the method (reality check)

• Agreement to other observations show robustness of the constrained emissions

26 A

ug fl

ight

Ext [

1/M

m]

U o

f Ren

o AE

RON

ET A

OD

Inversion Results

• Total constrained emission are factor 2.6-4 higher

• FNL and NARR inversions generally consistent

• Flight+Ground inversion shows higher correction factors than satellite (x 2.6-4 vs x2.5)

Correction factors

Emissions

Terra, 26 Aug 2013Aqua, 23 Aug 2013

Saide et al., GRL 2015

Day-to-day variability and

Nighttime enhancements

Correction factors

Emissions

Diurnal Cycle from GOESCounts

FRP

Daily Emissions vs Area burned

Said

e et

al.,

GRL

201

5

Impacts of constrained emissions• Maximum changes shown

comparing simulation with initial and constrained emissions

• Impacts can be substantial

8Saide et al., GRL 2015

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Using the tool for other fires: Santiago, Chile20

14-0

1-04

Stgo

MAIAC WRF-ChemSTGO AERONET AOD

Aqua (PM)Terra (AM)

In collaboration with A. Lyapustin (NASA GSFC) and Laura Gallardo (U. of Chile)

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August 19 flights• Simulations the for 12km domain, daily re-

initialization, updated QFED emissions

• Capture plumes but maximum concs are lower in the model-> fraction of flaming emissions

DIAL-HSRL Extinction

WRF-Chem

• Tracers represents smoke emissions every 3 hours per region starting on August 14th (used for Aug 16 and 19)

• It allows to investigate smoke age and source on measurements times/heights/locations

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“Idaho”

“Wyoming”

“Utah”

Fire detections 14-19 August

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North walls South walls

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North walls South walls

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August 16 flight• Same simulation as Aug. 19 flight

• Same problem with the fraction of flaming emissions

DIAL-HSRL Extinction

WRF-Chem

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Conclusions

• Rim fire emissions biases, diurnal cycle and day-to-day variability was assessed with the inversion method

• The inversion method can be applied to constrain other fires and other sources (e.g., dust, volcanic, greenhouse gases)

• Smoke Age estimates can be obtained with the tracers

• Spreadsheets with age estimates for flight track and for fixed heights will be made available for some cases

Thanks! Questions?pablo-saide@uiowa.edu

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Supplemental slides

Inversion equations