REVIEWColonization to

Royal Government

a. Hernando de Sotob. Ponce de Leonc. Ferdinand Magelland. Francisco Pizarro

Who was the first explorer to enter present-day Georgia?

Hernando de Soto

a. He was attracted by rumors of large gold deposits.b. He wanted to build forts and missions in the state. c. He was searching for the magical Fountain of Youth.d. He believed that he would find a passage to Asia through Georgia.

Why did Hernando de Soto explore much of Georgia in 1540?

He was attracted by rumors of large gold

deposits.

a. De Soto died before the expedition was finished.b. De Soto traveled in the wrong direction.c. De Soto did not find any gold or riches.d. De Soto’s men died of disease.

Why was de Soto’s expedition considered a failure?

De Soto did not find any gold

or riches.

How did de Soto’s march through Georgia change the lives and culture of Native

Americans?a. The expedition resulted in the death of thousands of Native Americans from

violence and disease.b. The expedition was responsible for

converting Native Americans to Catholicism.

c. The expedition set up new trading opportunities for Native Americans.d. The expedition introduced Native Americans to new types of food.

The expedition resulted in the death

of thousands of Native Americans from violence and

disease.

a. He was the first European to explore the area.b. They were the last expeditions.c. James Oglethorpe was a part of the expeditions.d. He removed the Cherokees from Georgia.

Why are Hernando de Soto’s expeditions into Georgia significant?

He was the first European to explore

the area.

a. Cumberland Island.b. Jekyll Island.c. St. Catherine’s Island.d. St. Simons Island.

The Spanish established the Santa Catalina mission on

St. Catherine’s Island

a. provide protection for the area’s European settlers.b. convert the Indians to Catholicism.c. establish trade with Spain.d. claim land for Spain.

The main purpose of the Spanish mission in the barrier islands was to

convert the Indians to Catholicism

Which is NOT a reason for the decline of the Spanish missions?

a. Once the Indians adopted Catholicism, the missions were no longer needed.

b. Some missions were raided by Indians who were allied with the British.

c. Some Indians resettled in areas that were not served by the missions.d. Pirate raids along the coast destroyed

many missions

Once the Indians adopted

Catholicism, the missions were no longer needed.

The main reason the Spanish explored North America was to

a. build permanent settlements.b. find gold and riches.c. spread Christianity.d. fight the British.

find gold and riches

Which country was NOT a major colonizer of North America?

a. Franceb. Great Britain c. Portugald. Spain

Portugal

The first permanent British settlement in the New World was built at

a. St. Augustine.b. Jamestown.c. Massachusetts Bay.d. Roanoke Island.

Jamestown

The first permanent Spanish settlement in the New World was

established at

a. Jamestown.b. Los Angeles.c. St. Augustine.d. Yamacraw Bluff.

St. Augustine

What was the name of the first British fort constructed in Georgia?

a. Fort Fredericab. Fort Gualec. Fort King Georged. Fort Santa Catalina

Fort King George

One of the reasons given for the colonization of Georgia was to serve as a buffer colony.

This meant that Georgia was

a. a colony for settlement by the poor.b. an outpost for pirates attacking Spanish galleons.c.a military protective zone between English and Spanish settlements.d.an agricultural station experimenting with new strains of cotton plant.

a military protective zone between

English and Spanish settlements.

What was one of the major reasons for the king wanting to create a colony of Georgia?

a. to help pay royal debts.b. to civilize the native Indians.c. to release debtors from prison.d. to create a balanced trade policy.

To create a balanced trade policy.

Why did James Oglethorpe suggest forming a colony for the poor?

a. England wanted to get rid of debtors permanently.

b. The homeless would readily come to the New World.

c. Oglethorpe was angry when his friend died and he felt that debtors should not have to go to jail.

d. The poor were mostly well-educated people who had fallen on hard times.

Oglethorpe was angry when his friend died

and he felt that debtors should not have to go to jail.

What items did Oglethorpe promise to send back to Great Britain from

the new colony of Georgia?

a. white potatoes, yams, and corn.b. squash and green beans.c. semi-tropical fruit, spices,

indigo, silk.d. pottery and hats.

semi-tropical fruit,spices, indigo, silk

Which term BEST describes the kind of people Oglethorpe and his associates

wanted to bring to Georgia?

a. former convictsb. well educatedc. deeply religiousd. poor but worthy

poor but worthy

Georgia’s Charterdid NOT include a provision that

a. guaranteed every settler his day in court to settle differences.

b. gave the king of England control of the colony.

c. prohibited Catholics from becoming colonists.

d. banned liquor in the colony.

guaranteed every settler his day in

court to settle differences.

When did King George II grant Oglethorpe and his group a charter for

the colony of Georgia?

a. 1492b. 1607c. 1732d. 1776

1732

According to the charter, what religious group was not allowed

to settle in Georgia?

a. Baptistb. Catholicc. Jewishd. Methodist

Catholic

According to Georgia’s Charter, which group of people was forbidden

to enter Georgia?

a. Preachersb. Blacksc. Soldiersd. women

Blacks

What policy did the king make to ensure that the trustees did not take personal

advantage of their position?a. The trustees could not hold office.b.The trustees could not serve more than one year.c.The trustees had to break off all ties with Great Britain.d.The trustees had to donate their own money to provide food for the colonists.

The trustees could not hold office.

What ship brought Oglethorpe and the first colonists to Charleston, then

Savannah, during the winter of 1733?

a. Annb. Godspeedc. Mayflowerd. Santa Maria

Ann

Those who were selected to settle the colony of Georgia were required to

a. have served time in a debtors’ prison.b. bring their own farm tools with

them.c. only sell their land to another

Englishman.d. use a portion of their land to grow

mulberry trees.

Use a portion of their land to grow

mulberry trees

The trustees gave the first settlers in Georgia the right to

a. vote.b. own land.c. collect taxes.d. hold elections.

Own land

Which statement BEST describes the subject of this illustration?

a. The Indians and the British exchanged gifts.

b. The British took control over the Indians’ land.

c. The Indians showed distrust for the invading Englishmen.

d. The British and the Indians had a

disappointing first meeting.

The Indians and the British exchanged

gifts.

What Indians were led by Tomochichi?

a. Cherokeeb. Creekc. Oconeed. Yamacraw

Yamacraw

Who served as the translator for Oglethorpe in his discussions with Tomochichi?

a. William Bullb. Robert Montgomeryc. Mary Musgroved. Toonahowi

Mary Musgrove

Tomochichi allowed James Oglethorpe to settle on a bluff overlooking which river?

a. Altamaha Riverb. Flint Riverc. Savannah Riverd. St. Mary’s River

Savannah River

Who surveyed and helped design the city of Savannah?

a. Noble Jonesb. Robert Montgomeryc. Samuel Nunesd. James Oglethorpe

Noble Jones

Where did James Oglethorpe and the first Georgia colonists land

when they arrived in Georgia?a. Fort Frederica near St. Simons Islandb. Fort Pulaski on the Savannah Riverc. Ossabaw Island on Ossabaw Soundd. Yamacraw Bluff on the Savannah River

Yamacraw Bluff on the Savannah River

Oglethorpe’s plan for the establishment of Savannah could BEST be described as a

a. poor design for defense against invading armies.b. series of circular roads making travel

easy.c. city planned around open squares.d. decaying neighborhood.

city planned around open squares

The basic pattern of Savannah was fashioned after a design by

a. William Bullb. Robert Castellc. Noble Jonesd. James Oglethorpe

Robert Castell

Why did German Salzburgers come to Georgia?

a. to escape religious persecutionb.to serve out terms for misconductc.to lead the armed forces for Oglethorped.for the new financial opportunities available

to escape religious persecution

Who was the leader of the Germans from Salzburg?

a. John Martin Bolziusb. Lachlan McIntoshc. James Oglethorped. John Reynolds

John Martin Bolzius

Where did the Salzburgers first settle?

a. Albanyb. Darienc. Ebenezerd. Savannah

Ebenezer

The Salzburgers moved from their original settlement because

a. they were attacked frequently by Indians.b. they had problems with the Spanish who lived nearby.c. the land on which they settled was

marshy and not very productive.d. the area was plagued by harsh storms that caused extensive

damage. 

the land on which they settled was marshy and not very productive.

On which barrier island did the Salzburgers settle?

a. Cumberland Islandb. Jekyll Islandc. St. Catherines Islandd. St. Simons Island

St. Simon’s Island

Where did Highland Scots settle in Georgia?

a. Augustab. Darienc. New Ebenezerd. Savannah

Darien

The Highland Scots opposed which policy?

a. keeping close ties with Great Britainb. giving women the right to votec. trading with the Spanishd. permitting slavery

permitting slavery

Who were the malcontents of the early Georgia colony?

a. people who were unhappy and constantly complaining.b. officials who examined the

contents of cargo ships.c. foreigners from Germany and

Scotland.d. the trustees and their families.

people who were unhappy and

constantlycomplaining.

Which was NOT an area of discontent in Georgia?

a. slaveryb. voting rightsc. the sale of rumd. ownership of land

voting rights

With which trustee policy did the colonists disagree?

a. hard workb. land allotmentsc. military trainingd. prohibition of slavery

prohibition of slavery

What term was used to describe those who complained about the

policies of the trustees?

a. dissidentsb. malcontentsc. objectorsd. rebels

malcontents

The European nation that dominated early exploration in the

New World was

a. Franceb. Great Britainc. Portugald. Spain

Spain

The greatest threat to the Georgia colony came from

a. Indians who lived in the area.b. Spanish soldiers in Florida.c. the area’s harsh climate.d. new diseases.

Spanish soldiers in Florida.

What was the importance of the Battle of Bloody Marsh?

a. It ended the threat of war from the Native Americans.

b. It demonstrated the strength of the British militia.

c. It resulted in Georgia’s gaining new lands on which to settle.

d. It was the beginning of a safe southern frontier for the British.

It was the beginning of a safe southern frontier for the

British.

What group came to the aid of James Oglethorpe in the Battle of Bloody Marsh?

a. Catholicsb. Highland Scotsc. Salzburgersd. Spaniards

Highland Scots

The Latin motto of the trustees, Non Sibi Sed Allis, meant “Not for themselves but for others.”

What does this mean?a. The trustees established Georgia for the purpose of helping the poor, not for the purpose of making

themselves rich.b. Religious leaders could not protect themselves as Catholics because of the members of the new Methodist

church.c. The Highland Scots and the Salzburgers were foreigners and couldn’t be trusted to defend the British.d. The king felt the colony had been a failure and the trustees had to be punished as an example.

The trustees established Georgia for the purpose of helping the poor, not

for the purpose of making themselves rich.

What impact did the departure of Oglethorpe to England

have on the colony?

a. No impact; he was cleared of the charges against him and returned within the year.b. No impact; after he married, he quickly

returned to the colony to help the poor.c. Great impact; under the new leader most

of the restrictive laws were changed.d. Great impact; the new leaders quickly turned control over to the king.

Great impact; under the new leader most of the restrictive laws

were changed.

In 1752, Georgia became a

a. debtor colony.b. proprietary colony.c. royal colony.d. self-governing colony.

Royal Colony

Who controlled Georgia after it became a royal colony?a. James Oglethorpeb. the people of Georgiac. a bicameral legislatured. the king of Great Britain

King of Great Britain

What city served as Georgia’s capital during its period as a royal colony?

a. Atlantab. Augustac. Macond. Savannah

Savannah

Who was the first royal governor of Georgia?

a. Robert Castellb. Robert Montgomeryc. James Oglethorped. John Reynolds

John Reynolds

When Georgia was a royal colony, how were members of the upper house of the legislature,

the Governor’s Council chosen?

a. They were elected by the voters.b. They were appointed by the king.c. They were appointed by the royal governor.d. They were chosen by members of the lower house of the legislature.

They were appointed by the king.

While John Reynolds was its royal governor, Georgia established

a. a unicameral legislature.b.local governing bodies.c.land ownership rights.d. a court system.

a court system

Governor Reynolds disbanded the legislature because

a. there was a disagreement over how to improve military defenses.b. there was a conflict between the two houses in the legislature.c. some members of the lawmaking body

were elected illegally.d. he believed the governor should have

sole power.

there was a disagreement over

how to improve military defenses

Who was the second royal governor of Georgia?

a. Henry Ellisb. Henry Musgrovec. John Reynoldsd. James Wright

Henry Ellis

What change was NOT brought about during the term of royal governor Henry Ellis?

a. More merchants started businesses.b. Newcomers brought slaves to Georgia.c. The number of profitable farms increased.d. The first newspaper in Georgia was published.

The first newspaper in Georgia waspublished.

Which royal governor permitted slavery in Georgia, made farms more profitable and increased the

number of merchants selling goods?

a. James Wrightb. William Stephensc. John Reynoldsd. Henry Ellis

Henry Ellis

Which person served as a royal governor of Georgia?

a. Button Gwinnettb. James Oglethorpec. William Stephensd. James Wright

James Wright

Who was governor of Georgia when the last of the palisades were built around Savannah, Sunbury became Georgia’s

main port of entry, and the term crackers was used to refer to undesirables?

a. James Wrightb. John Reynoldsc. James Oglethorped. Henry Ellis

James Wright

Which impact was a result of the Spanish Mission system?

a. Spanish Catholics adopted Native American Beliefs.b. Native American culture expanded.c. Savannah was developed.d. Native American culture

declined.

Native American culture declined.

Why are Hernando de Soto’s expeditions into Georgia significant?

a. He was the first European to explore the area.b. They were the last expeditions.c. James Oglethorpe was a part of

the expeditions.d. He removed the Cherokee’s

from Georgia.

He was the first European to explore

the area.

Which three European groups were interested in the agricultural opportunities and trade with the Indians in the Southeastern part of the United States in the 18th Century?

a. Georgia, Florida, South Carolinab. French, Spanish, Britishc. Germans, Mexican, Britishd. Yamacraw, Creek, Yamasee

French, Spanish, British

During the early 1700’s, the French, Spanish, and British had several conflicts in the territory that would eventually

become Georgia. Why were these three countries interested in this region?

a. The French and Spanish were allied together in an effort to completely remove the British presence from the Southeast.b. Only Georgia provided the necessary combination of fertile land and friendly Indian tribes to have a long term, stable

colony.c. It was the first place each other had designated as their primary colony in the new world, therefore none of the

countries could afford to leave the Southeast.d. All three countries had an interest in expanding; France’s trade from the west, Spain’s mission systems from the south

and Great Britain’s trade networks from the north.

All three countries had an interest in expanding; France’s

trade from the west, Spain’s mission systems from the

south and Great Britain’s trade networks from the north.

Use the following quote from the Georgia Charter of 1732 to answer this question, “...they might not only gain a comfortable subsistence for themselves and families, but also strengthen our colonies and increase the trade...and wealth of these our realms.” The quote MOST DIRECTLY relates to which reason for settling Georgia?

a. economicsb. defensec. explorationd. missions

economics

How was Tomochichi significant to the development of early Georgia?

a. Oglethorpe hired him to develop Savannah.b. He led violent revolts against the

colonists.c. He was a mediator between the

colonists and the Yamacraw.d. The Yamacraw used him to encourage the malcontents.

He was a mediator between the

colonists and the Yamacraw.

Which is a true statement about the Charter of 1732?

a. It was never approved and Oglethorpe founded the colony illegally.b. It stated reasons why Georgia needed to

be independent of England.c. It provided King George an opportunity to

invade Spain.d. It listed multiple reasons, including charity, defense, and economics, for founding

Georgia.

It listed multiple reasons, including

charity, defense, and economics, for

founding Georgia.

James Oglethorpe was important to the colony of Georgia because he

a. led the initiative to get the Charter to start the colony.b. fought in the Revolutionary War

alongside Elijah Clark.c. founded and developed the city of

Atlanta.d. served as one of the first Royal Governors.

led the initiative to get the Charter to start

the colony.

Which describes why the English and Spanish were interested in the Southeastern United States?

a. It provided a strategic position to attack French settlements in the north.b. There were natural resources in the area

they could use to make their country richer.

c. They had made an agreement to cooperate and settle the region together.

d. It was the easiest place to get to.

There were natural resources in the area

they could use to make their country

richer.

These statements relate to the importance of which person?

a. Mary Musgroveb. Tomochichic. Nancy Hartd. Austin Dabney

*Cultural connections between Yamacraw and Creek Indians and English Colonists*Served as interpreter between Oglethorpe and Yamacraw.*Established several trading posts around Georgia.

Mary Musgrove

The complaints of the malcontents were significant to the trustee period because

they demonstrated that thea. Trustees did not represent the changing population in Georgia.b. Malcontents were trying to take over the

colony.c. Original charter was inaccurate and

needed to be removed.d. Spanish threat from Florida was the most important issue of the time.

Trustees did not represent the

changing population in Georgia.

What group was greatly opposed to trustee laws banning rum, slavery, and

land purchases?

a. Salzburgersb. Highland Scotsc. Malcontentsd. Moravians

malcontents

Which statement is true concerning land ownership under the

Royal Governors of Georgia?a. Georgia lost territory, especially around Savannah.b. Creek and Cherokee Indians gained

territory through negotiations.c. The Proclamation of 1763 prevented

Georgia from gaining new land.d. Georgia gained territory, particularly in the west.

Georgia gained territory, particularly

in the west.

How did government in Georgia change when the colony moved from the trustee

period to a royal colony? a. It was more organized, better funded, and had more authority.b. It was weaker and caused much more

conflict with Spain.c. The government caused the colony not to

grow and lost huge sums of money.d. The Royal Governors successfully avoided all conflicts with Indians.

Georgia gained territory, particularly

in the west.

VOCABULARY

A colony directed by those to whom a charter was given

a. monarch colonyb. proprietary colonyc. trustee colonyd. charter colony

proprietary colony

monarch

a. a colonist b. indentured servantc. a trusteed. king or queen

a king or queen

A group of people who settle in a new land but who keep their

ties to their homeland.

a. colonistsb. trusteec. indentured servantsd. apprentices

colonists

People who agree to work for someone for a set period of time in exchange for

passage to the New World.

a. colonistsb. trusteesc. indentured servantsd. apprentices

Indentured servants

A colony directed by those to whom a charter was given

a. royal colonyb. proprietary colonyc. trustee colonyd. charter colony

royal colony

A person who holds responsibility on behalf of others

a. colonistb. trusteec. indentured servantd. apprentice

trustee

A legal document that grants special rights and privileges

a. willb. licensec. charterd. regulation

charter

government orders

a. willsb. licensesc. chartersd. regulations

charter

one who is learning a skill, trade or art from an experienced person

a. indentured servantb. apprenticec. professionald. missionary

apprentice

A ministry commissioned by a religious organization to spread

their faith

a. monarch b. proprietorc. trustee b. mission

mission

A leader in the Spanish conquest of America

a. nomadb. conquistadorc. monarchd. colonist

conquistador

a fort where troops are housed

a. garrisonb. barracksc. bunkersd. cannongate

garrison

militia

a. a special forces unitb. a medical army unitc. a citizen armyd. a missionary army

A citizen army

An unhappy group of people who feel they have been mistreated

a. malcontentsb. middlemenc. trusteesd. parishes

malcontents

fences made of sharpened stakes

a. moatsb. barbed wirec. fortsd. palisades

palisades

In colonial Georgia, a church and British government district

a. missionb. colonyc. parishd. monarch

parish

A trader who buys goods from producers and sells them to other

traders and consumers

a. pawn dealerb. carpetbaggerc. merchantd. middleman

middleman

A trade policy in which a country exports more than it

imports.

a. mercantilismb. global tradec. slave traded. exportism

mercantilism

A person who had few rights and who spent his or her entire

life in service to others.

a. indentured servantb. artisanc. gardenerd. slave

slave

craftsmen

a. indentured servantsb. artisansc. gardenersd. slaves

artisans

A group of people who had broken away from the Church of England because of religious differences

a. Puritansb. artisansc. socialitesd. craftsmen

Puritans

WRITTEN RESPONSE

• Select TWO of the following questions for your written response. On a separate piece of paper, COPY the question and write your answer in complete sentences. Be sure to completely answer the question.

• Compare and contrast the life of the Native Americans before and after European exploration.

• Compare and contrast James Oglethorpe’s vision for the new colony of Georgia with the reality of what the new colony of Georgia was really like when it was first settled.

• Describe those who contributed to the establishment of the Georgia colony (You must include at least 3).

• Describe the layout of the first city in Georgia, Savannah.

• Compare and contrast Georgia as a trustee colony and Georgia as a royal colony.