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Pada 2013, Tokyo, Jepang terpilih menjadi tuan rumah Olimpiade 2020. Setelah

memenangkan sayembara yang diadakan Kemetrian Olahraga Jepang, Zaha Hadid, sang

arsitek berkebangsaan Inggris ini pun mempublikasikan rancangannya untuk Tokyo

Olympics Stadium. Rancangan ini menuai kontroversi baik dari warga dan arsitek Jepang,

maupun planner dan arsitek dari luar negeri. Bentuknya aneh menyerupai helm sepeda,

pesawat ruang angkasa, dan gajah putih, dengan tinggi 70 meter dan 2x lebih besar dari

London Olympics Stadium. Anggaran yang dibutuhkan untuk pembangunannya menjadi $

1,17 miliar dollar setelah banyak diprotes karena terlalu extravagant dengan biaya semula $

3 milliar dollar. Atap tertutup yang bisa dibuka tutup pun menjadi masalah, karena biaya

operasionalnya pasti mahal dan para olahragawan lebih menyukai stadium terbuka. Atap

tertutup ini dibuat sebagai pelindung suara bising agar tidak terdengar ke seluruh penjuru

Tokyo karena setelah Olimpiade berakhir diharapkan ada konser besar di tempat itu.

Namun, belajar dari Olympic stadium yang sebelumnya seperti “sarang burung” di Beijing

dan London, stadium ini fungsinya akan lebih tidak berkelanjutan. Bentuknya jauh lebih

besar dari para stadium pendahulunya. Semakin kontroversial karena lokasi yang digunakan

akan menghilangkan separuh Taman Terluar dari Kuil Meiji. kuil dan taman ini merupakan

salah satu yang paling terkenal, paling hijau, dan paling disanjung di seluruh Jepang serta

sering dimanfaatkan sebagi tempat rekreasi dan peribadatan. Lahan yang ada di kuil dan

taman ini merupakan donasi dari seluruh warga Jepang untuk menghormati Kaisar Meiji

yang sudah wafat.

Saya setuju bahwa rancangan Tokyo Olympics Stadium ini merupakan insfrastruktur

kontroversial yang tidak merepresentasikan Jepang sebagai tuan rumah Olimpiade 2020.

Bentuknya terlalu besar dan pemanfaatan ke depannya tidak berkelanjutan. Dana

pembuatannya pun terlalu boros, dengan timbal balik ke depannya yang tidak jelas.

Sehingga tidak bisa menjadi sebuah investasi jangka panjang. Area pembangunan yang

dipilih juga tidak memperhatikan nilai historis ingkungan sekitarnya dengan menghilangkan

separuh taman Kuil Meiji. Pemerintah terkesan arogan dengan ingin menunjukkan

kemegahan teknologi Jepang namun tidak rasional dalam membuat keputusan hingga

protes masyarakat dan para ahli lambat ditanggapi, Tidak mengherankan rancangan ini

sangat ditentang seluruh warga Jepang dan pihak luar. September 2015 ini, PM Abe secara

resmi memberikan pernyataan bahwa rancangan ini akan diubah dan dipilih rancangan yang

baru.

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Ridiculous

Tokyo's 2020 Olympic stadium will be bigger and more expensive than any of its

recent predecessors. Renowned British architect Zaha Hadid has designed it. Some have

likened it to a spaceship, others to a giant bicycle helmet. The initial budget was $3bn

(£1.8bn). That has since been scaled back to "just" $1.7bn. The arching roof will rise 70m

(230ft) into the air. The original design would have been three times bigger than London's

Olympic stadium. The revised design is now only twice as big.

This has got some of Tokyo's more illustrious denizens up in arms. Primary among

them is Fumihiko Maki, one of Japan's best-known architects who also designed the Tokyo

gymnasium for the 1964 Olympics. Professor Maki's main issue with the stadium is its huge

retractable roof.

"My biggest objection is to cover the stadium," he said. "Technically it's more difficult

and costly. This kind of system is not ideal for sports. All sports people would be against

having a covered field.

"If you make an open stadium then later you could reduce the size to 60,000 as you

have done in London. By building a covered stadium for 80,000 you can't change it."

The reason Tokyo is building such a complex retractable roof is so the stadium can

be used for concerts after the Olympics is over. Without a roof, the noise of rock and pop

concerts would break Tokyo's tight noise restrictions, especially in the middle of a residential

neighbourhood.

Green importance

Tokyo, rightly, has a reputation for being a huge sprawling mess, with little in the way of

town-planning or green spaces. The ones that it does have are therefore precious. The new stadium is

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being built smack in the middle of one of the greenest, most historic parts of the city - Meiji Jingu

Gaien, whose name means "The outer garden of the Meiji Shrine". The Emperor Meiji is revered in

Japan as the man who dragged the isolated backward country in the modern world.

"When the Emperor Meiji passed away in 1912, people from all over Japan donated money to

buy this land," said Nobuko Shimizu, a member of a group called "The Custodians of the National

Stadium" that has been campaigning to stop the old stadium from being demolished. "We can walk

and chat and hold picnics here. If the new stadium is built, we would lose those parks and greens. It

is not acceptable."

But the Japanese Sports Council remains unmoved.

"I don't think there is a chance it will be changed," said Yoshitaka Takasaki of the Japan

Sports Council. "We have notified architects from around the world about the design competition.

Forty-six designs were entered, and Zaha Hadid's design was selected. We followed a proper process.

We have a responsibility to build a new stadium based on her design."

'Bureaucratic arrogance'

Professor Maki remains unimpressed by such arguments. He has accused the sports council of

bureaucratic arrogance and leading Tokyo down the same road that Beijing took in 2008.

"Somebody at the decision-making level wants to do it again, just like in the case of China,"

he said. "They want to show off shining technology so that people will marvel at it. It is exactly the

same mentality in our government."

With the weight of public and Japanese architectural opinion now overwhelmingly against the

project, for both cost and aesthetic reasons, and with the Abe government’s voter approval numbers

collapsing—mainly due to his strong-arm Diet tactics and plans in the security policy area, but also

from the stadium debacle—Prime Minister Abe announced on July 17 that the Hadid design was now

“scrapped” and a different, new design would be selected.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Wingfield-Hayes, Rupert. 2014. “Tokyo Olympic stadium: Sports cathedral or white

elephant?” dalam http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29828973.

Harner, Stephen. 2015. “What Tokyo's Olympic Stadium Fiasco Says About

Japanese Sensibilities” dalam http://www.forbes.com/sites/stephenharner/2015/07/29/what-

tokyos-olympic-stadium-fiasco-says-about-japanese-sensibilities/