1
A merican author Robert Fulghum once said, “I believe that imagination is stronger than knowledge. That myth is more potent than history. That dreams are more powerful than facts. That hope always tri- umphs over experience. That laughter is the only cure for grief.” This applies so well to the state of affairs in Sri Lanka today, where the citizens of that country, be they Sinhalese or Tamils or Dalits or Muslims, are looking to move ahead, of wanting to bury the ghosts of the violent past, of plac- ing their destiny in the hands of imagination of a better and peace- ful life rather than root it to the knowledge of recent bloodshed, of hoping for the return of communal harmony by leaving aside the expe- rience of bitterness and blind hatred, and of seeking to give life to the myth of well-being by down- playing the pains of history. Fulghum’s popular book, All I Really Need to Know I Learned in Kindergarten, may have been writ- ten in a different context and for a different audience. But the univer- sality is apparent. As children, we are not taught to discriminate, to hate, to kill and to justify it, and to carry the burden of dislike or anger over to the following day or week or month or year. We learn those attributes as we grow and become more ‘educated’ and more ‘intelli- gent’ and more ‘worldly-wise’. Over the past few decades, Sri Lanka had been gripped by everything that can destroy an individual, a society, a nation. Savagery by those who had the means to perpetuate it was the order of the day. Tigers of a dif- ferent kind roamed the streets and consumed all that they encoun- tered as the enemy. The country’s Armed Forces were on an over- drive to flush out the militants, in the process targeting perfectly innocent citizens with a Tamil name, a Tamil face and Tamil lan- guage. It seemed that the barbarity and the distrust would never end. The dreaded Tamil Tigers, who pushed a large section of the popu- lation, often against its wishes, into a futile war, have been decimated for five years now; the Army is engaged in healing rather than in cracking down; and Colombo has been stretching itself to be seen as an emollient instead of an ener- getic contributor to the decades- long brutality. True, there are those who are holding out, wanting to keep the embers of the past burn- ing, and hoping to resurrect the nightmarish past. But many of them are doing so by remaining at a safe distance from the churn that Sri Lanka is going through, in com- fortable existence in countries that have more soft corners for terror- ists than for those who crush mili- tancy. These elements are not stakeholders in peace but provoca- teurs of unrest. The narrative of a fresh dawn forms the crux of Padma Rao Sundarji’s book. The ‘new country’ in the making that she has visited (as opposed to the war-torn one she encountered during her previ- ous trips) and observed from talk- ing to people in the east and the north; to former members of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and Army personnel; and to lay citizens, is a work in progress. While the author does not paper over the questionable acts of the Army during the conflict, she also does not fall into the trap of self- righteous outrage expressed by other observers who saw wrong only in the Army and the political leadership of the day. And, given that many accounts have been writ- ten to demonise the Army and then President Mahinda Rajapaksa, under whose leadership the LTTE was destroyed and its leader V Prabhakaran shot dead, Padma Rao Sundarji’s book provides a refresh- ing, alternative perspective — that of the Army and the ‘others’. There are interviews with senior uniformed personnel who experienced the war against the terror outfit from close range, and with key one-time Prabhakaran aides who exposed the brutality of their Thalaivar — includ- ing the kidnapping of innocent teenagers from their homes and schools, their forcible induction into the LTTE and indoctrination into violent struggle, and the use of inno- cent men, women and children as human shields. What should make our lead- ers from Tamil Nadu, who lose no occasion to express their soli- darity with the Tamils of Sri Lanka — often in ridiculously regionalist jingoism — sit up and take note is that most Lankan Tamils (including Tamil commu- nity leaders) the author interact- ed with, had nothing but con- tempt for the shallow display of solidarity. As the spokesman of the Jaffna-based Tamil Dhamma Buddhist Association, this is what Ravi Kumar had to say to the author: “All that noise in your Tamil Nadu too is cinema poli- tics, emotional politics, drama politics… They (Tamil Nadu politicians) are misusing the so- called Sri Lankan issue, when there is no issue any more, only for their furtherance. They are useless, absolutely useless.” He is the not only with con- tempt for the ‘drama politics’ that leaders of Tamil Nadu have engaged in. Dayanidhi Velayuthan, better known as Daya Master, is an instantly recognisable name for even those who have casually fol- lowed the LTTE’s rise and fall. He had been a spokesperson and media coordinator for the terror outfit, “a schoolteacher who had been pulled out of school by the Tigers and saddled with the task of handling the international media visiting at the time because he could speak some English”. He was in the long list of people recruited by the Tigers against their wishes. Now at peace with himself, he appeals,”…they (Tamil Nadu politi- cians) should at least stop fomenting trouble between us and the Sinhalese.” Interestingly, Daya Master also reflected the sentiments, quoted earlier, of American author Robert Fulghum. He told Padma Rao Sundarji, in the midst of running the operations of his Dan TV, “There were 30 years of war here. Both sides committed crimes. But the past is past. It has been four years since the war ended. Of what use is a post-mortem, over and over again?” Try saying this to a sec- tion of the Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora and our Dravida politi- cians who don’t want the flames of hatred to be extinguished! The book will not please those who can’t see anything good in either the return of peace or the Lankan Army. Their pleasure is immaterial. What matters is that the people of Sri Lanka, of whatever denomination, get over the past, live in a present of peace and pass a sense of well-being and trust, not rancour and hatred, to the coming generations. One of America’s most popular clergies, Robert H Schuller, had remarked: “Let your hopes, not your hurts, shape your future.” Journalist-author Padma Rao Sundarji’s very readable book is about those hopes, albeit with hurts in the backdrop. A s they announce the nominees for the Man Booker International prize 2015, there is an over- whelming and inescapable list of firsts associated with it. The 10 nominated authors come from 10 different coun- tries, among which, nationalities from Libya, Mozambique, Guadeloupe, Hungary, South Africa and Congo are listed for the first time. And all of the 10 are finalists for the award for the first time. In fact, 80 per cent of the writings of said authors has been translated into English for the first time. There is a substantial amount of dif- ference between the Man Booker Prize and the Man Booker International Prize. The former was applicable to writers from the Commonwealth, Ireland and Zimbabwe and has now been extended to writers across the world. The Man Booker International Prize, on the other hand, has always been applicable to writ- ers of all nationalities. It is announced in every two years to a living author whose works have been published either in English or whose English translations are available. Unlike the Man Booker which awards a particular book, the Man Booker International rewards an author’s entire body of work. The prize is worth £60,000 and the judging panel does not accept submissions from publishers. The Man Booker Prize e-council includes former judges and winners of both the Man Booker and Man Booker International Awards. This year, Hedge Fund Philanthropy will be sponsoring the prize and the judges panel includes Professor Marina Warner (Chair), novel- ist Nadeem Aslam, novelist, critic and Professor of World Literature in English at Oxford University, Elleke Boehmer, Editorial Director of the New York Review Classics series, Edwin Frank, and Professor of Arabic and Comparative Literature at SOAS, University of London, Wen-chin Ouyang. An author can only win once. Beginning from 2005 with Albanian author Ismail Kadare, the award has been won by Chinua Achebe in 2007, Alice Munro in 2009, Philip Roth in 2011, and Lydia Davis in 2013. There is also an award for translation and, if applicable, the winner may choose a translator of his or her work into English to receive a prize of £15,000. Here are the nominees: Arguably the most inspiring name in Indian writings in English, Amitav Ghosh’s body of work exuberates the finest of Indian postcolonial, postmod- ern fiction. Born in Calcutta and having grown up in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, Ghosh, 53, studied in Delhi, Oxford and Alexandria. His works have been translated into more than 20 lan- guages and he has served on the Jury of the Locarno Film Festival (Switzerland) and the Venice Film Festival (2001). An active blogger, he has also written for The New Yorker, The New Republic and The New York Times. Previously nomi- nated for the Man Booker for The Sea of Poppies (2008), the third part of his his- torical fiction known as the ‘Ibis Trilogy’, Flood of Fire, will be out this year. Living in exile from her home country, Lebanese author Hoda Barakat, 63, lives in France today. She originally writes in Arabic, about her personal experiences in the Civil War although her protago- nists are always men from marginalised sections. Considered to be one of the most pertinent names in Middle-Eastern literature, she is as respected in France. Her Hajar al-Dahik (The Stone of Laughter), is the first Arabic novel with a gay protagonist. The setting of the works is usually Lebanon. Born in 1949, César Aira, is a reputed name in Argentine Comparative Literature and has around 80 books to his credit. His plots are famous for being supremely bizarre and deeply experimental in nature. He spent sev- eral years translating bestsellers, liter- ary fiction and technical books, until he started his own writing career in the 1980s. In fact, he is also known to begin a work and finish it in a straight schedule, a practice he calls his automatism. Mia Couto’s poetry was published in a local newspaper when he was 14. The first African author to win the presti- gious Latin Union literary prize, he has also been celebrated for creating proverbs, in his works. Couto is a sur- realist writer who elaborately writes about the 1977 Mozambique Civil War. He prefers to write about female characters as he says that he finds them ‘complex’. Oldest among the nominees, 78 year old Maryse Condé is the first Francophone novelist from the Caribbean to write about the relation- ship between colonial United States and the English Caribbean. Her themes are primarily gender, class, race, and poverty, and politically tur- bulent times. She wrote her first novel when she was 11. Inspired the poetry of TS Eliot, Fanny Howe, 74, is a renowned poet, skilled fiction writer and essayist. She was also directly involved in the Civil Rights Movement. Her works have been translated into multiple lan- guages such as Latin American, Russian, Haitian, African, Italian, British. Her setting is primarily set in Boston and her plots are semi-autobi- ographical in nature. She is a judge for the 2015 Griffin Poetry Prize. Ibrahim al-Koni didn’t know how to read or write until he was 12, but is now one of the most noteworthy names in Arabic literature. He was born in 1948 and has written over 60 novels, short sto- ries, and poetry. He prominently employs the metaphor of a desert to underline human conditions. He has been called a magic realist and a sufi fabulist. Marlene van Niekerk, 60, is a novelist, professor, poet, dramatist and critic who teaches Afrikaans and Dutch literature and Creative Writing at Stellenbosch University, South Africa. She is known for her writing about gender, race, and socio-political upheaval in post- apartheid South Africa. Her notorious projections of a poor Afrikaner family in Johannesburg in Triomf made her a prominent voice in Apartheid literature. Compared to Gogol and Melville, László Krasznahorkai, 61, wrote the modern classic Satantango, which is today consid- ered a modern classic. He has also been a screenwriter for the film adaptations of his works made by friend and filmmaker Bela Tarr. He fled Hungary in 1948 to escape the dominating Communist regime post power World War II. Forty-nine-year-old Alain Mabanckou is among one of the most renowned French writers alive today. Ironically, his writings are known to undermine the French canon and language! He also happens to be the first writer from Francophone Africa to be published under the French La Blanche publica- tion. He is a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. The winner will be announced at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London on May 19.

REVIEW OF MY BOOK SRI LANKA: THE NEW COUNTRY IN THE DAILY PIONEER BY POLITICAL EDITOR RAJESH SINGH APRIL 5 2015

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Page 1: REVIEW OF MY BOOK SRI LANKA: THE NEW COUNTRY IN THE DAILY PIONEER BY POLITICAL EDITOR RAJESH SINGH APRIL 5 2015

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American author RobertFulghum once said, “Ibelieve that imagination is

stronger than knowledge. Thatmyth is more potent than history.That dreams are more powerfulthan facts. That hope always tri-umphs over experience. Thatlaughter is the only cure for grief.”This applies so well to the state ofaffairs in Sri Lanka today, wherethe citizens of that country, be theySinhalese or Tamils or Dalits orMuslims, are looking to moveahead, of wanting to bury theghosts of the violent past, of plac-ing their destiny in the hands ofimagination of a better and peace-ful life rather than root it to theknowledge of recent bloodshed, ofhoping for the return of communalharmony by leaving aside the expe-rience of bitterness and blindhatred, and of seeking to give lifeto the myth of well-being by down-playing the pains of history.

Fulghum’s popular book, All IReally Need to Know I Learned inKindergarten, may have been writ-ten in a different context and for adifferent audience. But the univer-sality is apparent. As children, weare not taught to discriminate, tohate, to kill and to justify it, and to

carry the burden of dislike or angerover to the following day or weekor month or year. We learn thoseattributes as we grow and becomemore ‘educated’ and more ‘intelli-gent’ and more ‘worldly-wise’. Overthe past few decades, Sri Lanka hadbeen gripped by everything thatcan destroy an individual, a society,a nation. Savagery by those whohad the means to perpetuate it wasthe order of the day. Tigers of a dif-ferent kind roamed the streets andconsumed all that they encoun-tered as the enemy. The country’sArmed Forces were on an over-drive to flush out the militants, inthe process targeting perfectlyinnocent citizens with a Tamilname, a Tamil face and Tamil lan-guage. It seemed that the barbarityand the distrust would never end.

The dreaded Tamil Tigers, whopushed a large section of the popu-lation, often against its wishes, intoa futile war, have been decimatedfor five years now; the Army isengaged in healing rather than incracking down; and Colombo hasbeen stretching itself to be seen asan emollient instead of an ener-getic contributor to the decades-long brutality. True, there are thosewho are holding out, wanting to

keep the embers of the past burn-ing, and hoping to resurrect thenightmarish past. But many ofthem are doing so by remaining ata safe distance from the churn thatSri Lanka is going through, in com-fortable existence in countries thathave more soft corners for terror-ists than for those who crush mili-tancy. These elements are notstakeholders in peace but provoca-teurs of unrest.

The narrative of a fresh dawnforms the crux of Padma RaoSundarji’s book. The ‘new country’in the making that she has visited(as opposed to the war-torn oneshe encountered during her previ-ous trips) and observed from talk-ing to people in the east and thenorth; to former members of theLiberation Tigers of Tamil Eelamand Army personnel; and to laycitizens, is a work in progress.While the author does not paperover the questionable acts of theArmy during the conflict, she alsodoes not fall into the trap of self-righteous outrage expressed byother observers who saw wrongonly in the Army and the politicalleadership of the day. And, giventhat many accounts have been writ-ten to demonise the Army and then

President Mahinda Rajapaksa, underwhose leadership the LTTE wasdestroyed and its leader VPrabhakaran shot dead, Padma RaoSundarji’s book provides a refresh-ing, alternative perspective — that ofthe Army and the ‘others’. There areinterviews with senior uniformedpersonnel who experienced the waragainst the terror outfit from closerange, and with key one-timePrabhakaran aides who exposed thebrutality of their Thalaivar — includ-ing the kidnapping of innocentteenagers from their homes andschools, their forcible induction intothe LTTE and indoctrination intoviolent struggle, and the use of inno-cent men, women and children ashuman shields.

What should make our lead-ers from Tamil Nadu, who loseno occasion to express their soli-darity with the Tamils of SriLanka — often in ridiculouslyregionalist jingoism — sit up andtake note is that most LankanTamils (including Tamil commu-nity leaders) the author interact-ed with, had nothing but con-tempt for the shallow display ofsolidarity. As the spokesman ofthe Jaffna-based Tamil DhammaBuddhist Association, this is what

Ravi Kumar had to say to theauthor: “All that noise in yourTamil Nadu too is cinema poli-tics, emotional politics, dramapolitics… They (Tamil Nadupoliticians) are misusing the so-called Sri Lankan issue, whenthere is no issue any more, onlyfor their furtherance. They areuseless, absolutely useless.”

He is the not only with con-tempt for the ‘drama politics’ thatleaders of Tamil Nadu haveengaged in. Dayanidhi Velayuthan,better known as Daya Master, is aninstantly recognisable name foreven those who have casually fol-lowed the LTTE’s rise and fall. Hehad been a spokesperson andmedia coordinator for the terroroutfit, “a schoolteacher who hadbeen pulled out of school by theTigers and saddled with the task ofhandling the international mediavisiting at the time because hecould speak some English”. He wasin the long list of people recruitedby the Tigers against their wishes.Now at peace with himself, heappeals,”…they (Tamil Nadu politi-cians) should at least stop fomentingtrouble between us and the Sinhalese.”

Interestingly, Daya Masteralso reflected the sentiments,

quoted earlier, of Americanauthor Robert Fulghum. He toldPadma Rao Sundarji, in themidst of running the operationsof his Dan TV, “There were 30years of war here. Both sidescommitted crimes. But the pastis past. It has been four yearssince the war ended. Of what useis a post-mortem, over and overagain?” Try saying this to a sec-tion of the Sri Lankan TamilDiaspora and our Dravida politi-cians who don’t want the flamesof hatred to be extinguished!

The book will not pleasethose who can’t see anything goodin either the return of peace orthe Lankan Army. Their pleasureis immaterial. What matters isthat the people of Sri Lanka, ofwhatever denomination, get overthe past, live in a present of peaceand pass a sense of well-being andtrust, not rancour and hatred, tothe coming generations.

One of America’s most popularclergies, Robert H Schuller, hadremarked: “Let your hopes, notyour hurts, shape your future.”Journalist-author Padma RaoSundarji’s very readable book isabout those hopes, albeit withhurts in the backdrop.

�� � ��$����������� � ��� �������%� ���������������� �� ��� �� �������� �� ����� 5��$���(���&�4����� ������� �� ��� ��������5��$��� �� ��� �������� �������� ������ �� ������������� � ���� ��� ����������������������������� ������ �������� � �����������(@.�-���2A-

�������������� ���� As they announce the nominees for

the Man Booker Internationalprize 2015, there is an over-

whelming and inescapable list of firstsassociated with it. The 10 nominatedauthors come from 10 different coun-tries, among which, nationalities fromLibya, Mozambique, Guadeloupe,Hungary, South Africa and Congo arelisted for the first time. And all of the 10are finalists for the award for the firsttime. In fact, 80 per cent of the writingsof said authors has been translated intoEnglish for the first time.

There is a substantial amount of dif-ference between the Man Booker Prizeand the Man Booker International Prize.The former was applicable to writersfrom the Commonwealth, Ireland andZimbabwe and has now been extendedto writers across the world. The ManBooker International Prize, on the otherhand, has always been applicable to writ-ers of all nationalities. It is announced inevery two years to a living author whoseworks have been published either inEnglish or whose English translations areavailable. Unlike the Man Booker whichawards a particular book, the ManBooker International rewards an author’sentire body of work. The prize is worth£60,000 and the judging panel does notaccept submissions from publishers.

The Man Booker Prize e-councilincludes former judges and winners ofboth the Man Booker and Man BookerInternational Awards. This year, HedgeFund Philanthropy will be sponsoringthe prize and the judges panel includesProfessor Marina Warner (Chair), novel-ist Nadeem Aslam, novelist, critic andProfessor of World Literature in Englishat Oxford University, Elleke Boehmer,Editorial Director of the New YorkReview Classics series, Edwin Frank, andProfessor of Arabic and ComparativeLiterature at SOAS, University of London,Wen-chin Ouyang. An author can only

win once. Beginning from 2005 withAlbanian author Ismail Kadare, theaward has been won by Chinua Achebein 2007, Alice Munro in 2009, PhilipRoth in 2011, and Lydia Davis in 2013.There is also an award for translationand, if applicable, the winner maychoose a translator of his or her workinto English to receive a prize of £15,000.Here are the nominees:

������������ �����Arguably the most inspiring name inIndian writings in English, AmitavGhosh’s body of work exuberates thefinest of Indian postcolonial, postmod-ern fiction. Born in Calcutta and havinggrown up in India, Bangladesh and SriLanka, Ghosh, 53, studied in Delhi,Oxford and Alexandria. His works havebeen translated into more than 20 lan-guages and he has served on the Jury ofthe Locarno Film Festival (Switzerland)and the Venice Film Festival (2001). Anactive blogger, he has also written forThe New Yorker, The New Republic and

The New York Times. Previously nomi-nated for the Man Booker for The Sea ofPoppies (2008), the third part of his his-torical fiction known as the ‘Ibis Trilogy’,Flood of Fire, will be out this year.

���������������� ��Living in exile from her home country,Lebanese author Hoda Barakat, 63, livesin France today. She originally writes inArabic, about her personal experiencesin the Civil War although her protago-nists are always men from marginalisedsections. Considered to be one of themost pertinent names in Middle-Easternliterature, she is as respected in France.Her Hajar al-Dahik (The Stone ofLaughter), is the first Arabic novel with agay protagonist. The setting of the worksis usually Lebanon.

���������������� �� ��Born in 1949, César Aira, is a reputedname in Argentine ComparativeLiterature and has around 80 books tohis credit. His plots are famous for

being supremely bizarre and deeplyexperimental in nature. He spent sev-eral years translating bestsellers, liter-ary fiction and technical books, untilhe started his own writing career inthe 1980s. In fact, he is also known tobegin a work and finish it in a straightschedule, a practice he calls hisautomatism.

��������������������Mia Couto’s poetry was published in alocal newspaper when he was 14. Thefirst African author to win the presti-gious Latin Union literary prize, hehas also been celebrated for creatingproverbs, in his works. Couto is a sur-realist writer who elaborately writesabout the 1977 Mozambique CivilWar. He prefers to write about femalecharacters as he says that he findsthem ‘complex’.

�������� ���������������Oldest among the nominees, 78 yearold Maryse Condé is the firstFrancophone novelist from theCaribbean to write about the relation-ship between colonial United Statesand the English Caribbean. Herthemes are primarily gender, class,race, and poverty, and politically tur-bulent times. She wrote her first novelwhen she was 11.

�� ����������Inspired the poetry of TS Eliot, FannyHowe, 74, is a renowned poet, skilledfiction writer and essayist. She wasalso directly involved in the CivilRights Movement. Her works havebeen translated into multiple lan-guages such as Latin American,Russian, Haitian, African, Italian,British. Her setting is primarily set inBoston and her plots are semi-autobi-ographical in nature. She is a judge forthe 2015 Griffin Poetry Prize.

����������� ����������Ibrahim al-Koni didn’t know how toread or write until he was 12, but isnow one of the most noteworthy namesin Arabic literature. He was born in 1948and has written over 60 novels, short sto-ries, and poetry. He prominently employsthe metaphor of a desert to underlinehuman conditions. He has been called amagic realist and a sufi fabulist.

����� ���� � �����������������Marlene van Niekerk, 60, is a novelist,professor, poet, dramatist and critic whoteaches Afrikaans and Dutch literatureand Creative Writing at StellenboschUniversity, South Africa. She is knownfor her writing about gender, race, andsocio-political upheaval in post-apartheid South Africa. Her notoriousprojections of a poor Afrikaner family inJohannesburg in Triomf made her aprominent voice in Apartheid literature.

����� ������ �������� �����Compared to Gogol and Melville, LászlóKrasznahorkai, 61, wrote the modernclassic Satantango, which is today consid-ered a modern classic. He has also been ascreenwriter for the film adaptations ofhis works made by friend and filmmakerBela Tarr. He fled Hungary in 1948 toescape the dominating Communistregime post power World War II.

���� ����� ������ ��Forty-nine-year-old Alain Mabanckou isamong one of the most renownedFrench writers alive today. Ironically, hiswritings are known to undermine theFrench canon and language! He alsohappens to be the first writer fromFrancophone Africa to be publishedunder the French La Blanche publica-tion. He is a professor at the Universityof California, Los Angeles. The winnerwill be announced at the Victoria andAlbert Museum in London on May 19.

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