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BIBLIOGRAPHY AABY, B. and H. TAUBER. 1975. Rates of peat formation in relation to degree of humification and local environment, as shown by studies of a raised bog in Denmark. Boreas 4:l-17. ALLIED Geographical Section: Allied Forces south-west Pacific area 1941-1945. 1942. Locality study of Lae (revised) and the Lower Markham Valley. Terrain Study 32. ALLIED Geographical Section: Allied Forces south-west Pacific area 1941-1945. 1943a. Area study of the Markham catchment (2 vols). Terrain Study 49. ALLIED Geographical Section: Allied Forces south-west Pacific area 1941-1945. 1943b. The Markham River Valley. Terrain Handbook 2. ALLIED Geographical Section: Allied Forces south-west Pacific area 1941-1945. 1943c. Lae and the lower Markham Valley. Terrain Handbook 4. ANDERSEN, S.T. 1973. The differential pollen productivity of trees and its significance for the interpretation of a pollen diagram from a forested region. Pages 109-115 i n H.J.B. Birks and R.G. West, editors. Quaternary Plant Ecology. The 14th symposium of the British Ecological Society, 1972. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. ANDERSON, J.A.R. 1963. The flora of the peat swamp forests of Sarawak and Brunei, including a catalogue of all species of flowering plants, ferns, and fern allies. Gardens Bulletin, Sinqapore 20:131-228. ANDERSON, J.A.R. and J. MULLER. 1975. Palynological study of a Holocene peat and a Miocene coal deposit from north west Borneo. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 19:291-351. BACKER, C.A. and R.C. BAKHUIZEN van d e r BRINK. 1963-1968. Flora of Java. 3 Vols. Noordhoff, Groningen. van BALGOOY, M.M.J. 1976. Phytogeography. Pages 1-22 i n K. Paijmans, editor. New Guinea Vegetation. Australian National University Press, Canberra. BALL, E.E. and R.W. JOHNSON. 1976. Volcanic history of Long Island, Papua New Guinea. Pages 133-147 i n R.W. Johnson, editor. Volcanism in Australasia. Elsevier, Amsterdam. BARTLETT, A.S. and E.S. BARGHOORN. 1973. Phytogeographic history of the Isthmus of Panama during the past 12 000 years (A history of vegetation, climate, and sea level change.) Pages 203-299 i n A. Graham, editor. Vegetation and Vegetational History of Northern Latin America. E l s e v i e r , New York.

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Page 1: Review - Open Research: Home · Handbook 2. ALLIED Geographical Section: Allied Forces south-west Pacific area 1941-1945. 1943c. Lae and the lower Markham Valley. Terrain Handbook

BIBLIOGRAPHY

AABY, B. and H. TAUBER. 1975. Rates of pea t formation i n r e l a t i o n t o degree of humification and l o c a l environment, a s shown by s tud ies of a r a i sed bog i n Denmark. Boreas 4:l-17.

ALLIED Geographical Section: Al l ied Forces south-west P a c i f i c a rea 1941-1945. 1942. Local i ty study of Lae (revised) and the Lower Markham Valley. Terrain Study 32.

ALLIED Geographical Section: Al l ied Forces south-west P a c i f i c a r e a 1941-1945. 1943a. Area study of the Markham catchment (2 v o l s ) . Terrain Study 49.

ALLIED Geographical Section: Al l i ed Forces south-west P a c i f i c a rea 1941-1945. 1943b. The Markham River Valley. Terrain Handbook 2 .

ALLIED Geographical Section: Al l ied Forces south-west P a c i f i c a r e a 1941-1945. 1943c. Lae and the lower Markham Valley. Terrain Handbook 4.

ANDERSEN, S.T. 1973. The d i f f e r e n t i a l pol len product iv i ty of t r e e s and i t s s ign i f i cance f o r t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of a pol len diagram from a fo res ted region. Pages 109-115 i n H . J . B . Birks and R.G. West, e d i t o r s . Quaternary P lan t Ecology. The 14th symposium of the B r i t i s h Ecological Society, 1972. Blackwell S c i e n t i f i c Publ ica t ions , Oxford.

ANDERSON, J . A . R . 1963. The f l o r a of t h e p e a t swamp f o r e s t s of Sarawak and Brunei, including a catalogue of a l l species of flowering p l a n t s , f e rns , and f e r n a l l i e s . Gardens Bul le t in , Sinqapore 20:131-228.

ANDERSON, J . A . R . and J. MULLER. 1975. Palynological study of a Holocene p e a t and a Miocene coa l deposi t from nor th west Borneo. Review o f Palaeobotany and Palynology 19:291-351.

BACKER, C.A. and R.C. BAKHUIZEN van d e r BRINK. 1963-1968. Flora o f Java. 3 V o l s . Noordhoff, Groningen.

van BALGOOY, M . M . J . 1976. Phytogeography. Pages 1-22 i n K. Paijmans, e d i t o r . New Guinea Vegetation. Aust ra l ian National Universi ty Press , Canberra.

BALL, E.E. and R.W. JOHNSON. 1976. Volcanic h i s t o r y of Long Is land, Papua New Guinea. Pages 133-147 i n R.W. Johnson, e d i t o r . Volcanism i n Aust ra las ia . E l sev ie r , Amsterdam.

BARTLETT, A.S. and E.S. BARGHOORN. 1973. Phytogeographic h i s t o r y of the Isthmus of Panama during the p a s t 1 2 000 years ( A h i s t o r y of vegeta t ion , c l imate , and sea l e v e l change.) Pages 203-299 i n A. Graham, e d i t o r . Vegetation and Vegetational History of Northern Lat in America. E l sev ie r , New York.

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BATTARBEE, R.W. 1973. A new method for the estimation of absolute microfossil numbers, with reference especially to diatoms. Limnology and Oceanography 18:647-653.

BATTARBEE, R.W. and M.E. McCALLAN. 1974. An evaporation tray technique for estimating absolute pollen numbers. P o l l e n e t S p o r e s 16:143-150.

BENNINGHOFF, W.S. 1962. Calculation of pollen and spores density by addition of exotic pollen in known quantities (Abstract). P o l l e n e t S p o r e s 4:332-333.

BERGLUND, B.E. 1973. Pollen dispersal and deposition in an area of southeastern Sweden - some preliminary results. Pages 117- 129 i n H.J.B. Birks and R.G. West, editors. Q u a t e r n a r y P l a n t E c o l o g y . The 14th symposium of the British Ecological Society, 1972. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

BIRKS, H.J.B. 1973. Modern pollen grain studies in some arctic and alpine environments. Pages 143-168 i n H.J.B. Birks and R.G. West, editors. Q u a t e r n a r y P l a n t E c o l o g y . The 14th symposium of the British Ecological Society, 1972. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

BLONG, R.J. (in preparation). The time of darkness; legend and reality. Investigations of a volcanic eruption in Papua New Guinea c i r c a 1700 AD.

BLOOM, A.L. 1970. Paludal stratigraphy of Truk, Ponape and Kusaie, eastern Caroline islands. B u l l e t i n o f the G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f Amer ica 81 : 1895-1904.

BONNY, A.P. 1972. A method for determining absolute pollen fre- quencies in lake sediments. New P h y t o l o g i s t 71:391-403.

BONNY, A.P. 1976. Recruitment of pollen to the seston and sedi- ment of some Lake District lakes. J o u r n a l o f E c o l o g y 64:859- 887.

BONNY, A.P. 1978. The effect of pollen recruitment processes on pollen distribution over the sediment surface of a small lake in Cumbria. J o u r n a l o f Eco logy 66:385-416.

von der BORCH, C.C. 1972. Marine geology of the Huon Gulf region, Papua New Guinea. B u l l e t i n N o . 1 2 7 . Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics. Canberra.

BOWLER, J.M. 1977. Glacial age environments and aeolian episodes: some comparisons from Australian, African and Northern Hemisphere records. (Abstract). Tenth INQUA Congress, Birmingham. A b s t r a c t s , 50 .

BOWLER, J.M., G.S. HOPE, J.N. JENNINGS, G. SINGH and D. WALKER. 1976. Late Quaternary climates of Australia and New Guinea. Q u a t e r n a r y R e s e a r c h 6:359-394.

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BOWLER, J.M., A.G. THORNE and H.A. POLACH. 1972. Pleistocene man in Australia: Age and significance of the Mungo skeleton. N a t u r e 240:48-50.

BRASS, L.J. 1964. Results of the Archbold Expeditions No. 86. Summary of the 6th Archbold Expedition to New Guinea, 1959. B u l l e t i n o f the American Museum o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y 127:145- 216.

BROOKES, D. and K.W. THOMAS. 1967. The distribution of pollen grains on microscope slides. Part I. The non-randomness of the distribution. P o l l e n e t S p o r e s 9:621-629.

BROOKFIELD, H.C. 1964. The ecology of highland settlement: some suggestions. American A n t h r o p o l o g y S p e c i a l P u b l i c a t i o n 66 : 20-38.

BROOKFIELD, H.C. and D. HART. 1966. R a i n f a l l i n the T r o p i c a l S o u t h West P a c i f i c . Publication G / 3 , Dept of Geography. A.N.U., Canberra.

BUTZER, K.W., G.L. ISAAC, J.C. RICHARDSON and C. WASHBOURN-KAMAU. 1972. Radiocarbon dating of East African lake levels. S c i e n c e 175: 1069-1076.

CARATINI, C., F. BLASCO and G. THANIKAIMONI. 1973. Relationship between the pollen spectra and the vegetation of a South Indian mangrove. P o l l e n e t S p o r e s 15:281-292.

CHAPPELL, J. 1973. Geology o f Cora l T e r r a c e s o n the Huon Penin- s u l a , New Gu inea . Ph.D. thesis (unpubl.). Australian National University, Canberra.

CHAPPELL, J. 1976. Aspects of late Quaternary palaeogeography of the Australian-East Indonesian region. Pages 11-22 i n R.L. Kirk and A.G. Thorne, editors. T h e O r i g i n o f the A u s t r a l i a n s . Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.

CHAPPELL, J. and B.G. THOM. 1977. Sea levzls and coasts. Pages 275-291 i n J. Allen, J. Golson and R. Jones, editors. Sunda and S a h u l . P r e h i s t o r i c S t u d i e s i n S o u t h e a s t A s i a , M e l a n e s i a and A u s t r a l i a . Academic Press, London.

CLARK, R.M. 1975. A calibration curve for Radiocarbon dates. A n t i q u i t y 49 : 251-266.

CLIMAP Project Members. 1976. The surface of the Ice-Age earth. S c i e n c e 191:1131-1137.

COCHRAN, W.G. 1954. Some methods for strengthening the common X 2 tests. B i o m e t r i c s 10:417-451.

COLINVAUX, P.A. and E.K. SCHOFIELD. 1976a. Historical ecology in the Galapagos Islands. 1. A Holocene pollen record from El Junco Lake, Isla San Cristobal. J o u r n a l o f Eco logy 64:989-1012.

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COLINVAUX, P.S. and E.K. SCHOFIELD. 1976b. Historical ecology in the Galapagos Islands. 11. A Holocene spore record from El Junco Lake, Isla San Cristobal. J o u r n a l o f Eco logy 64:1013-1028.

COODE, M.J.E. 1969. Manual o f the F o r e s t T r e e s o f Papua and New Gu inea . P a r t 1 ( r e v i s e d ) - Combretaceae . Territory of Papua New Guinea. Division of Botany. Dept of Forests, Lae.

CORLETT, R.T. (unpubl.). Carbonised Particle Analysis on Mt. Wilhelm. Unpublished Manuscript, 4 pages.

COSTIN, A.B., R.D. HOOGLAND and C. LENDON. 1977. Vegetation changes in the Lake Mamsin area, Saruwaged Plateau, New Guinea. American Museum o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y N o v i t a t e s 2628 : 1-9.

CRAIG, A.J. 1972. Pollen influx to laminated sediments: a pollen diagram from north eastern Minnesota. E c o l o g y 53:46-57.

CUSHING, E.J. 1964. Redeposited pollen in Late-Wisconsin pollen spectra from east-central Minnesota. American J o u r n a l o f S c i e n c e 262:1075-1088.

DALE, M.B. and D. WALKER. 1970. Information analysis of pollen diagrams I. Pollen e t S p o r e s 12:21-37.

DAMON, P.E. 1970. Climatic versus magnetic perturbation of the atmospheric cl4 reservoir. Pages 571-593 i n I .U. Olsson, editor. Rad iocarbon V a r i a t i o n s and A b s o l u t e Chrono logy . 12th Nobel Symposium, Uppsala, 1969. Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm.

DAMON, P.E., A. LONG and E.I. WALLICK. 1973. Dendrochronologic calibration of the carbon-14 timescale. Pages 44-59 i n T.A. Rafter and T. Grant-Taylor, editors. P r o c e e d i n g s o f the 8 t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n Rad iocarbon D a t i n g . Lower Hutt, 1972. Royal Society of New Zealand, Wellington.

DAVIS, M.B. 1965. A method for determination of absolute pollen frequencies. Pages 674-686 i n B. Kummel and D. Raup, editors. Handbook o f P a l e o n t o l o g i c a l T e c h n i q u e s . Freeman, San Francisco.

DAVIS, M.B. 1966. Determination of absolute pollen frequency. E c o l o g y 47:310-311.

DAVIS, M.B. 1969. Climatic changes in southern Connecticut recorded by pollen deposition at Rogers Lake. E c o l o g y 50:409-422.

DAVIS, M.B. and L.B. BRUBAKER. 1973. Differential sedimentation of pollen grains in lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 18 : 635-646.

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DAVIS, M.B., L.B. BRUBAKER and T. WEBB. 1973. Cal ibra t ion of absolute pol len inf lux . Pages 9-25 i n H.J.B. Birks and R.G. West, e d i t o r s . Quaternary P lan t Ecology. The 14th symposium of the B r i t i s h Ecological Socie ty , 1972. Blackwell S c i e n t i f i c Publ ica t ions , Oxford.

DAVIS, M.B. and E.S. DEEVEY. 1964. Pollen accumulation r a t e s : Estimates from l a t e - g l a c i a l sediment of Rogers Lake. Science 145: 1293-1295.

DAVIS, M.B. and J . C . GOODLETT. 1960. Comparison of the present vegetat ion with pollen-spectra i n surface samples from Brownington Pond, Vermont. Ecology 41:316-357.

DAVIS, R.B. and T. WEBB. 1975. The contemporary d i s t r i b u t i o n of pol len i n Eastern North America: a comparison with the vegetat ion. Quaternary Research 5:395-434.

DEEVEY, E.S. 1978. Holocene f o r e s t s and Maya disturbance near Quexil Lake, Peten, Guatemala. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 25:117-129.

DEEVEY, E.S. and R.F. FLINT. 1957. Pos tg lac ia l hypsithermal i n t e r v a l . Science 125:182-184.

DEEVEY, E.S., M.S. GROSS, G.E. HUTCHINSON and H.L. KRAYBILL. 1954. The n a t u r a l c l4 contents of ma te r i a l s from hard-water lakes . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 40:285-288.

DEEVEY, E.S. and M. STUIVER. 1964. Dis t r ibu t ion of na tu ra l i so topes of carbon i n Linsley Pond and o the r New England lakes . Limnology and Oceanography 9:l-11.

DEVI, S. 1974. On the occurrence of b i l a t e r a l spores i n P t e r i s l o n g i f o l i a L. Grana 14:l-3.

DIGERFELDT, G. 1974. The pos t -g lac ia l development of the Ranviken bay i n Lake Immeln. I. The h i s t o r y of the regional vegetat ion. Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar 96:3-32.

DODSON, J . R . 1972. Computer programs f o r the pol len ana lys t . Pol len e t Spores 14:455-465.

DONNER, R. , H. JUNGNER and Y . VASARI, 1971. The hard-water e f f e c t on radiocarbon measurements of samples from ~ $ y n $ jzlampi , nor theas t Finland. Commentationes Physico-Mathematicae 41 : 307-310.

DOW, D.B., J . A . J . SMIT and R.W. PAGE. 1974. Wau, Papua New Guinea. Sheet SB/55-14 In te rna t iona l Index. 1-250 000 Geological S e r i e s Explanatory Notes. Aust ra l ia . Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Canberra.

DURKEE, L.V.H. 1964. A q u a n t i t a t i v e method f o r the study of pol len and spores i n bog sediments. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences 71:116-118.

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EDEN, M.J. 1974. The origin and status of savannah and grassland in southern Papua. T r a n s a c t i o n s o f the I n s t i t u t e o f B r i t i s h Geographers 63:97-110.

ENGSTROM, D.R. and L.J. MAHER. 1972. A new technique for volum- etric sampling of sediment cores for concentrations of pollen and other microfossils. R e v i e w o f Pa laeobo tany and P a l y n o l o g y 14:353-357.

ERDTMAN, G. 1952. P o l l e n Morphology and P l a n t Taxonomy - Ang iosperms . Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm.

FAEGRI, K. 1966. Some problems of representativity in pollen analysis. P a l a e o b o t a n i s t 15:135-140.

FAEGRI, K. and J. IVERSEN. 1964. T e x t b o o k o f P o l l e n A n a l y s i s . Munksgaard, Copenhagen.

FERGUSON, C.W. 1970. Dendrochronology of bristlecone pine, P i n u s a r i s t a t a . Establishment of a 7484-year chronology in the White Mountains of eastern-central California, U.S.A. Pages 237-259 i n I.U. Olsson, editor. Rad iocarbon V a r i a t i o n s and A b s o l u t e Chrono logy . 12th Nobel Symposium, Uppsala, 1969. Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm.

FLENLEY, J.R. 1972. Evidence of Quaternary vegetational change in New Guinea. Pages 99-108 i n P. and M . Ashton, editors. T h e Q u a t e r n a r y Era i n M a l e s i a . Miscellaneous Series 13. Dept of Geography, University of Hull.

FLENLEY, J.R. 1973. The use of modern pollen rain samples in the study of the vegetational history of tropical regions. Pages 131-141 i n H.J.B. Birks and R.G. West, editors. Q u a t e r n a r y P l a n t E c o l o g y . The 14th symposium of the British Ecological Society, 1972. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

de GEER, G. 1912. A Geochronology of the last 12,000 years. International Geological Congress, Stockholm. Comptes Rendus 1 : 241-258.

GERMERAAD, J.M., C.A. HOPPING and J. MULLER. 1968. Palynology of Tertiary sediments from tropical areas. R e v i e w o f Pa laeobo tany and P a l y n o l o g y 6:189-348.

GILLISON, A.N. 1970. Dynamics o f B i o t i c a l l y Induced G r a s s l a n d / F o r e s t T r a n s i t i o n s i n Papua New Gu inea . M.Sc. thesis (unpubl.). Australian National University, Canberra.

GODWIN, H. 1962. Half life of Radiocarbon. N a t u r e 195:943-945.

GOLSON, J. 1977a. No room at the top: agricultural intensifica- tion in the New Guinea highlands. Pages 601-638 i n J. Allen, J . Golson and R. Jones, editors. Sunda and S a h u l . P r e - h i s t o r i c S t u d i e s i n S o u t h e a s t A s i a , M e l a n e s i a and A u s t r a l i a . Academic Press, London.

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GOLSON, J. 1977b. The making of the New Guinea highlands. Pages 45-56 i n J.H. Winslow, editor. The Me lanes ian Environment . Australian National University Press, Canberra.

GORDON, A.D. and H.J.B. BIRKS. 1972. Numerical methods in Quaternary palaeoecology. I. Zonation of pollen diagrams. New P h y t o l o g i s t 71:961-979.

GREGORY, S. 1968. S t a t i s t i c a l Methods and the Geographer. 2nd edition. Longman, London.

GUPPY, J., P. MILNE, M. GLIKSON and H. MOCm. 1973. Further developments in computer assistance to pollen identification. G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f A u s t r a l i a S p e c i a l P u b l i c a t i o n 4:201-206.

HAANTGENS, A.H., J.A. MABBUTT and R. PULLEN. 1965. Environmental influences in the anthropogenic grasslands in the Sepik Plains, New Guinea. P a c i f i c V i e w p o i n t 6 : 215-219.

HAFSTEN, U. 1960. Pleistocene development of vegetation and climate in Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island. Arhok for U n i v e r s i t e t e t i Bergen. Mat. - N a t u r v . S e r i e No. 20:l-48.

HAMILTON, A.C. 1972. The interpretation of pollen diagrams from highland Uganda. Palaeoeco logy o f A f r i c a , the Surround ing I s l a n d s and A n t a r c t i c a 7: 45-149.

van der HAMMEN, T. 1974. The Pleistocene changes of vegetation and climate in tropical South America. J o u r n a l o f Biogeography 1:3-26.

van der HAMMEN, T., J.H. WERNER and H. van DOMMELEN. 1973. Palynological record of the upheaval of the Northern Andes: a study of the Pliocene and Lower Quaternary of the Colorbias Eastern C ~ r d i l l e r a , and the early evolution of its High-Andean biota. Rev iew o f Pa laeobo tany and P a l y n o l o g y 16:l-122.

HARRIS, W.F. 1955. A Manual o f the S p o r e s o f New Zealand P t e r i d o p h y t a . Bulletin 116. New Zealand. Dept of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington.

HEDBERG, 0. 1954. A pollen-analytical reconnaissance in tropical East Africa. O i k o s 5:137-166.

HOLLOWAY, R.S., M.F.W. ZIJSVELT, M.J. KNIGHT, J.M. BRIGATTI, D. LEGGER, B.W. STRONG, F.P. ALAND, K.J. BLACKBURN and H.A. HOLZKNECHT. 1973. Land resources and agricultural potential of the Markham Valley. (10 parts). R e s e a r c h B u l l e t i n No. 14 . Papua New Guinea. Dept of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries, Port Moresby.

HOLTTUM, R.E. 1932. On S t e n o c h l a e n a , Lomar iops i s and T e r a t o p h y l l u m in the Malayan region. Gardens B u l l e t i n , S t r a i t s S e t t l e m e n t s 5: 245-313.

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HOLZKNECHT, H.A. 1974. Report on anthropological research and associa ted f indings i n the Markham Valley of Papua New Guinea. R e s e a r c h B u l l e t i n No. 1 5 . Papua New Guinea. Dept of Agr icul ture , Stock and F i she r i e s , Por t Moresby.

HOLZKNECHT, K.G. 1973. A g i t a f a n gan nan gan f i s a g i n . (Our A n c e s t o r s ' S t o r i e s ) . Summer I n s t i t u t e of Linguis t ics . Lae, Papua New Guinea.

HOOLEY, B.A. and K.A. McELHANON. 1970. Languages of the Morobe D i s t r i c t - New Guinea. P a c i f i c L i n g u i s t i c s , S e r i e s C 1 3 : 1065-1094.

HOPE, G.S. 1968. P o l l e n S t u d i e s a t W i l s o n s Promon tory , V i c t o r i a . M.Sc. t h e s i s (unpubl.) . Universi ty of Melbourne.

HOPE, G.S. 1973. T h e V e g e t a t i o n H i s t o r y o f M t . W i l h e l m . Ph.D. t h e s i s (unpubl.). Aust ra l ian National Universi ty, Canberra.

HOPE, G.S. 1976a. The vegeta t ional h i s t o r y of M t . Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea. J o u r n a l o f E c o l o g y 64:627-663.

HOPE, G.S. 1976b. Vegetation. Pages 113-172 i n G.S. Hope, J . A . Peterson, U. Radok and I. Al l i son, e d i t o r s . T h e E q u a t o r i a l G l a c i e r s o f New Gu inea . Balkema, Rotterdam.

HOPE, G.S. and J . A . PETERSON. 1976. Palaeoenvironrnents. Pages 173-205 i n G.S. Hope, J . A . Peterson, I. Al l i son and U. Radok, e d i t o r s . T h e E q u a t o r i a l G l a c i e r s o f New Gu inea . Balkema, Rotterdam.

JACOBSON, G. 1971. Preliminary appra i sa l of groundwater resources, Markham Valley, Papua New Guinea. Note o n I n v e s t i g a t i o n N o . 71-005. Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea. Por t Moresby.

JENNINGS, J . N . 1975. Desert dunes and es tua r ine f i l l i n the F i t z roy es tuary (north-western Aus t ra l i a ) . Catena 2:215-262.

JOHNS, R . J . 1975. Common F o r e s t T r e e s o f Papua New Gu inea . Papua New Guinea Fores t ry College, Bulolo.

JOHNS, R . J . (unpub1.a). A n i s o p t e r a f o r e s t s i n Papua New Guinea - An example of the importance of h i s t o r i c a l f a c t o r s i n t h e vegeta t ion p a t t e r n s of the lowland t r o p i c s . Mimeo.

JOHNS, R . J . (unpub1.b). A prel iminary check l ist of the species of the Herzog ranges. Mimeo.

JOHNS, R . J . (unpub1.c). A provis ional check l i s t of the species found i n the Herzog range.

JgRGENSEN, S. 1967. A method of absolute po l l en counting. New P h y t o l o q i s t 66:489-493.

KENDALL, R.L. 1969. An ecologica l h i s t o r y of the Lake Vic to r i a basin. E c o l o g i c a l Monographs 39;121-176.

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KERSHAW, A.P. 1970. A pollen diagram for Lake Euramoo, north east Queensland, Australia. New P h y t o l o g i s t 69:785-805.

KERSHAW, A.P. 1973a. The numerical analysis of modern pollen spectra from northeast Queensland rain-forest. G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f A u s t r a l i a , S p e c i a l P u b l i c a t i o n 4:191-199.

KERSHAW, A.P. 1973b. L a t e Q u a t e r n a r y V e g e t a t i o n o f the A t h e r t o n T a b l e l a n d , North E a s t Q u e e n s l a n d , A u s t r a l i a . Ph.D. thesis (unpubl.). Australian National University, Canberra.

KERSHAW, A.P. 1974. A long continuous pollen sequence from north-eastern Australia. N a t u r e 251:222-223.

KERSHAW, A.P. 1975. Late Quaternary vegetation and climate in northeastern Australia. Roya l S o c i e t y o f New Zealand B u l l e t i n 1 3 . Wellington.

KERSHAW, A.P. 1976. A Late Pleistocene and Holocene pollen diagram from Lynch's Crater, northeastern Queensland, Australia. New P h y t o l o g i s t 77:469-498.

KERSHAW, A.P. 1978. The analysis of aquatic vegetation on the Atherton Tableland, north-east Queensland, Australia. A u s t r a l i a n J o u r n a l o f E c o l o g y 3:23-42.

KERSHAW, A.P. and B.P.M. HYLAND. 1975. Pollen transfer and periodicity in a rain forest situation. R e v i e w o f Pa laeobo tany and P a l y n o l o g y 19:129-138.

KIRKLAND, D.W. 1967. Method of calculating absolute spore and pollen frequency. Oklahoma G e o l o g i c a l N o t e s 27:98-100.

KRZYWINSKI, K. 1977. The Tauber pollen trap, a discussion of its usefulness in pollen deposition studies. Grana 16:147-148.

LANE-POOLE, C.E. 1925. The Forest R e s o u r c e s o f the T e r r i t o r i e s o f New Guinea and Papua. Australian Parliamentary Paper No. 73. Melbourne.

LEYDEN, B.W. and D.R. WHITEHEAD. 1979. Paleoecological investiga- tionsof Late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments of Lago de Valencia, Venezuela. (Abstract). B u l l e t i n o f the E c o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f Amer ica 60:lOl-102.

LIBBY, W.F. 1949. Rad iocarbon D a t i n g . 2nd revised edition, 1962. University of Chicago Press.

LIVINGSTONE, D.A. 1975. Late Quaternary climatic change in Africa. Annual ~ e v i e w o f E c o l o g y and S y s t e m a t i c s 6:249-280.

LIVINGSTONE, D.A. and A.M. ESTES. 1967. A carbon-dated pollen diagram from the Cape Breton Plateau, Nova Scotia. Canadian J o u r n a l o f Bo tany 45:339-357.

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L~FFLER, E. 1977. Geomorphology o f Papua New Gu inea . Australian National University Press, Canberra.

LUGARDON, B. 1963. Les spores des pteridacees de France. Pollen e t S p o r e s 5:325-336.

MACKEFETH, F.J.H. 1969. A short core sampler for sub-aqueous deposits. Limnology and Oceanography 14:145.

MAHER, L.J. 1972. Absolute pollen diagram of Redrock Lake, Boulder County, Colorado. Q u a t e r n a r y R e s e a r c h 2:531-553.

MAHER, L.J. 1976. The confidence limit is a necessary statistic for relative and absolute pollen data. Paper presented to the Fourth International Palynological Conference, Lucknow, India, 1976-1977.

MATTHEWS, J. 1969. The assessment of a method for the determina- tion of absolute pollen frequencies. New P h y t o l o g i s t 68:161-166.

McALPINE, J.R. and K. SHORT. 1974. Water balance estimates for Papua New Guinea. Division o f Land U s e R e s e a r c h T e c h n i c a l Memorandum 74/9. Australia. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra.

MOLYNEUX, L., R. THOMPSON, F. OLDFIELD and M.E. McCALLAN. 1972. Rapid measurement of the remanent magnetization of long cores of sediment. N a t u r e ( P h y s i c a l S c i e n c e ) 237:42-43.

MORLEY, R.J. 1976. V e g e t a t i o n Change i n West M a l e s i a Dur ing the L a t e Q u a t e r n a r y P e r i o d : A P a l y n o l o g i c a l S t u d y o f S e l e c t e d Lowland and Lower Montane S i t e s . 2 Vols. Ph.D. thesis (unpubl.). University of Hull.

MOSIMANN, J.E. 1965. Statistical methods for the pollen analyst: Multinomial and negative multinomial techniques. Pages 636- 673 i n B. Kummel and D. Raup, editors. Handbook o f P a l e o n t o l o g i c a l T e c h n i q u e s . Freeman, San Francisco.

MULLER, J. 1969. A palynological study of the genus S o n n e r a t i a (Sonneratiaceae). P o l l e n e t S p o r e s 11:223-298.

MILLER, J. and C. CARATINI. 1977. Pollen of Rhi zophora (Rhizophoraceae) as a guide fossil. Pollen e t S p o r e s

1 9 : 361-390.

MURILLO, M.T. and M.J.M. BLESS. 1974. Spores of recent Colombian Pteridophyta. I. Trilete spores. R e v i e w o f Pa laeobo tany and P a l y n o l o g y 18:223-270.

NIX, H.A. and J.D. KALMA. 1972. Climate as a dominant control in the biogeography of northern Australia and New Guinea. Pages 61-91 i n D. Walker, editor. B r i d g e and B a r r i e r : the N a t u r a l and C u l t u r a l H i s t o r y o f T o r r e s S t r a i t . Publication BG/3, Dept Biogeography and Geomorphology. A.N.U., Canberra.

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OGDEN, J . G . 1967. Radiocarbon determinations of sedimentation r a t e s from hard and soft-water l akes i n nor theas tern North America. Pages 175-183 i n E.J. CushingandH-E. Wright, e d i t o r s . Q u a t e r n a r y P a l e o e c o l o g y . Yale Universi ty Press , New Haven.

OLDFIELD, F. 1977. Lake sediments and human a c t i v i t i e s i n p r e h i s t o r i c Papua New Guinea. Pages 57-60 i n J . H . Winslow, e d i t o r . The M e l a n e s i a n Env i ronmen t . Austra l ian National Universi ty Press , Canberra.

OLDFIELD, F., J . A . DEARING, R. THOMPSON and S.E. GARRETT-JONES. 1978. Some magnetic p roper t i e s of lake sediments and t h e i r poss ib le l i n k s with eros ion r a t e s . P o l s k i e Archiwum H y d r o b i o l o g i i 25:321-331.

OLSSON, I . U . 1974. Some problems i n connection with the evaluat ion of radiocarbon dates . G e o l o g i s k a F o r e n i n g e n s i S t o c k h o l m F o r h a n d l i n g a r 96:311-320.

ORLOCI, L. 1975. M u l t i v a r i a t e A n a l y s i s i n V e g e t a t i o n R e s e a r c h . Junk, Hague-

PAGE, R.W. 1971. T h e Geochrono logy o f I g n e o u s Rocks i n the New Guinea R e g i o n . Ph.D. t h e s i s (unpubl.). Aust ra l ian National Universi ty, Canberra.

PAIJMANS, K. 1975. Explanatory notes t o the vegeta t ion map of Papua New Guinea. Land R e s e a r c h S e r i e s N o . 35. Aust ra l ia . Commonwealth S c i e n t i f i c and I n d u s t r i a l Research Organisation, Melbourne.

PAIJMANS, K. 1976. Vegetation. Pages 23-104 i n K. Paijmans, e d i t o r . New Guinea V e g e t a t i o n . Austra l ian National Univers- i t y Press , Canberra.

PECK, R.M. 1973. Pollen budget s t u d i e s i n a small Yorkshire catchment. Pages 43-60 i n H.J.B. Birks and R.G. West, e d i t o r s . Quaternary P l a n t E c o l o g y . The 14 th symposium of t h e B r i t i s h Ecological Socie ty , 1972. Blackwell S c i e n t i f i c Publ ica t ions , Oxford.

PENNINGTON, W. 1973. Absolute pol len frequencies i n t h e sediments of lakes of d i f f e r e n t morphometry. Pages 79-104 i n H.J .B. Birks and R.G. West, e d i t o r s . Q u a t e r n a r y P l a n t E c o l o g y . The 14th symposium of t h e B r i t i s h Ecological Socie ty , 1972. Blackwell S c i e n t i f i c Publ ica t ions , Oxford.

PENNINGTON, W . and A.P. BONNY. 1970. Absolute pol len diagram from B r i t i s h Late Glacia l . N a t u r e 226:871-873.

PETTIFER, G.R. 1974. Markham Valley g r a v i t y survey, 1972. Record 1975/65. Aust ra l ia . Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics. Canberra.

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POLACH, H.A. 1976. Radiocarbon dating as a research tool in archaeology - hopes and limitations. Pages 255-298 i n N. Barnard,editor. T h e P r o c e e d i n g s o f a Symposium o n S c i e n t i f i c Methods o f R e s e a r c h i n the S t u d y o f A n c i e n t Chinese B r o n z e s and S o u t h e a s t A s i a n Meta l and o t h e r Archaeo- l o g i c a l a r t i f a c t s . National Gallery of Victoria. Melbourne, Australia.

POLACH, H.A. and J. GOLSON. 1966. C o l l e c t i o n o f Spec imens f o r Rad iocarbon D a t i n g and I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f R e s u l t s . Manual 2. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.

von POST, L. 1918. Skogstradpollenisydsvenska torfmosselager- foljder. S k a n d i n a v i s k e N a t u r f o r s k e r m b t e 1916 . F o r h a n d l i n g a r 16: 432-465.

von POST, L. 1967. Forest tree pollen in south Swedish peat bog deposits. (Translation of von Post, 1918 by M.B. Davis and K. Faegri). P o l l e n e t S p o r e s 9:375-401.

POWELL, J.M. 1976. Ethnobotany. Pages 106-183 i n K. Paijmans, editor. New Guinea V e g e t a t i o n . Australian National University Press, Canberra.

POWELL, J.M. and G.S. HOPE. 1976. Vegetation history. Pages 101-104 i n K. Paijmans, editor. New Guinea V e g e t a t i o n . Australian National University Press, Canberra.

POWELL, J.M., A. KULUNGA, R. MOGE, C. PONO, F. ZIMIKE and J. GOLSON. 1975. A g r i c u l t u r a l t r a d i t i o n s o f the Mount Hagen a r e a . Occasional Paper No. 12. University of Papua New Guinea, Geography Department. Port Moresby.

PUNT, W. 1962. Pollen morphology of the Euphorbiaceae with spe- cial reference to taxonomy. W e n t i a 7:l-116.

PUNT, W. and J. RENTROP. 1973. Pollen morphology of the P h y l l a n t h u s species occurring in the continental United States. R e v i e w o f P a l a e o b o t a n y and P a l y n o l o g y 16:243-262.

RAINE, J.I. 1974. Pollen S e d i m e n t a t i o n i n R e l a t i o n t o the Q u a t e r n a r y V e g e t a t i o n H i s t o r y o f the Snowy Moun ta ins o f New S o u t h W a l e s . Ph.D. thesis (unpubl.). Australian National University, Canberra.

RALPH, E.K., H.N. MICHAEL and M.C. HAN. 1973. Radiocarbon dates and reality. Museum A p p l i e d S c i e n c e Centre f o r Archaeo logy N e w s l e t t e r 9:l-20. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

RAVEN, P.H. and D.I. AXELROD. 1972. Plate tectonics and Australian paleobiogeography. S c i e n c e 176:1379-1386.

REINER, E.J. and R.G. ROBBINS. 1964. The Middle Sepik Plains, New Guinea. Geograph ica l R e v i e w 54: 20-44.

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RENFREW, C. and R.M. CLARK. 1974. Problems of the radiocarbon calendar and its calibration. Archaeometry 16:5-18.

RICHARDS, P.W. 1952. T h e T r o p i c a l R a i n F o r e s t . Cambridge.

RICHARDS, P.W. 1973. Africa, the 'odd man out'. Pages 21-26 i n B.J. Meggers, E.S. Ayensu and W.D. Duckworth, editors. T r o p i c a l F o r e s t Ecosys t ems i n A f r i c a and S o u t h America: A Comparat ive Rev iew . Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.

RIDSDALE, C.E. 1970. The arborescent Naucleae of New Guinea and Solomon Islands (Rubiaceae). Gardens B u l l e t i n , S i n g a p o r e 25:247-281.

ROBBINS, R.G. 1963a. The anthropogenic grasslands of Papua and New Guinea. Pages 313-330 i n Impac t o f Man o n the V e g e t a t i o n o f the Humid T r o p i c s . UNESCO Symposium, Goroka, 1961. Government Printer, Canberra.

ROBBINS, R.G. 1963b. Correlation of plant patterns and population migration into the Australian New Guinea Highlands. Pages 45-59 i n J. Barrau, editor. P l a n t s and the M i g r a t i o n o f P a c i f i c P e o p l e s . Symposium of the 10th Pacific Science Congress, 1961. B.P. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.

ROBINSON, G.P. 1974. Huon-Sag Sag, Papua New Guinea. Sheet SB/55-l1 International Index. lr250 000 G e o l o g i c a l S e r i e s - E x p l a n a t o r y Notes. Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Canberra.

ROBINSON, G.P., A.L. JAQUES and C.M. BROWN. 1974. E x p l a n a t o r y Notes o n the Madang G e o l o g i c a l Map. Report 74/13. Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby.

ROGNON, P. and M.A.J. WILLIAMS. 1977. Late Quaternary ciimatic changes in Australia and North Africa: A preliminary inter- pretation. Palaeogeography , P a l a e o c l i m a t o l o g y , Pa laeoeco logy 21 : 285-327.

van ROYEN, P. 1964. Manual o f the Forest Trees o f Papua and New Guinea . P a r t s 2-9. Territory of Papua and New Guinea. Dept of Forests, Port Moresby.

SACK, P.G. 1976. T h e B l o o d t h i r s t y Laewomba? Myth and H i s t o r y i n Papua New Guinea. Research School of Social Sciences, A.N.U., Canberra.

SEAVOY, R.E. 1975. The origin of tropical grasslands in Kalimantan, Indonesia. J o u r n a l o f T r o p i c a l Geography 40: 48-52.

SELLING, O.H. 1947. Studies in Hawaiian pollen statistics. Part I. The pollens of the Hawaiian phanerogams. B e r n i c e P . B i s h o p Museum S p e c i a l P u b l i c a t i o n 38 . Honolulu.

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SHOTTON, F.W. 1972. An example of hard-water error in radiocarbon dating of vegetable matter. N a t u r e 240:460-461.

SIMS, R.E. 1973. The anthropogenic factor in East Anglian vegetational history: an approach using A.P.F. techniques. Pages 223-236 i n H.J.B. Birks and R.G. West, editors. Q u a t e r n a r y P l a n t Eco logy . The 14th symposium of the British Ecological Society, 1972. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

SPECHT, J. and H. HOLZKNECHT. 1971. Some archaeological sites in the Upper Markham Valley, Morobe ~istrict. Papua New Guinea Museum Records 2:52-73.

STOCKMARR, J. 1971. Tablets with spores used in absolute pollen analysis. P o l l e n e t S p o r e s 13:615-621.

STUIVER, M. 1970. Long-term cl4 variations. Pages 197-213 i n I.U. Olsson, editor. Rad iocarbon V a r i a t i o n s and A b s o l u t e Chrono logy . 12th Nobel Symposium, Uppsala, 1969. Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm.

SUESS, H.E. 1967. Bristlecone-pine calibration of the radiocarbon time scale from 4100 BC to 1500 BC. P r o c e e d i n g s o f the Sympr o s i u m on R a d i o a c t i v e D a t i n g Methods and Low- leve l C o u n t i n g , Monaco. 145-151. International Atomic Energy Authority, Vienna.

SUESS, H.E. 1970. Bristlecone-pine calibration of the radiocarbon time scale from 5200 BC to the present. Pages 303-311 i n I.U. Olsson, editor. Rad iocarbon V a r i a t i o n s and A b s o l u t e Chrono logy . 12th Nobel Symposium, Uppsala, 1969. Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm.

SWAIN, A.M. 1973. A history of fire and vegetation in north east Minnesota, as recorded in lake sediments. Q u a t e r n a r y R e s e a r c h 3:383-396.

TAUBER, H. 1965. Differential pollen dispersion and the inter- pretation of pollen diagrams. Danmarks G e o l o g i s k e U n d e r s 4 g e l s e . I I . Raekke . No. 89 .

TAUBER, H. 1967. Investigations of the mode of pollen transfer in forested areas. R e v i e w o f Pa laeobo tany and P a l y n o l o g y 3:277-286.

TAUBER, H. 1970. The Scandinavian varve chronology and cl4 dating. Pages 173-196 i n I.U. Olsson, editor. Rad iocarbon V a r i a t i o n s and A b s o l u t e Chrono logy . 12th Nobel Symposium, Uppsala, 1969. Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm.

TAUBER, H. 1974. A static, non-overload pollen collector. New P h y t o l o g i s t 73:359-369.

TAYLOR, B.W. 1959. The classification of lowland swamp communit- ies in north-eastern Papua. E c o l o g y 40:703-711.

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THANIKAIMONI, G. 1970. Les Palmiers: Palynologie et systemat- ique. Institut Francais de Pondichery. Travaux d e l a s e c t i o n s c i e n t i f i q u e e t t e c h n i q u e tome X I .

THOM, B.G. and J. CHAPPELL, 1975. Holocene sea levels relative to Australia. S e a r c h 6:90-93.

THOMPSON, R. 1973. Palaeolimnology and palaeomagnetism. N a t u r e 242:182-184.

THOMPSON, R., R.W. BATTARBEE, P.E. O'SULLIVAN and F. OLDFIELD. 1975. Magnetic susceptibility of lake sediments. Limnology and Oceanography 20:687-,698.

TINDALE, M.D. 1956. The Cyatheaceae of Australia. C o n t r i b u t i o n s o f the New S o u t h W a l e s N a t i o n a l Herbar ium 2 : 327-361.

TINGEY, R.J. and D.J. GRAINGER. 1976. Markham, Papua New Guinea. Sheet SB/55-10 International Index. 1:250 000 G e o l o g i c a l S e r i e s - E x p l a n a t o r y N o t e s . Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Canberra.

TROELS-SMITH, J. 1955. Karacterisering af l4se jordater (Characterisation of unconsolidated deposits). Danmarks

G e o l o g i s k e U n d e r s b g e l s e IV Raekke 3. No. 10.

VEEH, H.H. and J. CHAPPELL. 1970. Astronomical theory of climatic change - support from New Guinea. S c i e n c e 167:862-865.

VOGEL, J.C. 1970. cl4 trends before 6000 BP. Pages 313-325 i n I.U. Olsson, editor. Rad iocarbon V a r i a t i o n s and A b s o l u t e Chrono logy . 12th Nobel Symposium, Uppsala, 1969. Almqvist and Wiksell, Stockholm.

de VRIES, H. 1958. Variation in concentration of radiocarbon with time and location on earth. K o n i n k l i j k e N e d e r l a n d s c h e Akademie v a n We tenschappen . P r o c e e d i n g s S e r i e s B 61~94-102.

WADDINGTON, J.C.B. 1969. A stratigraphic record of the pollen influx to a lake in the Big Woods of Minnesota. G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f Amer ica S p e c i a l Paper 123:263-282.

WADE, L.K. and D.N. McVEAN. 1969. Mount W i l h e l m S t u d i e s I : T h e A l p i n e and S u b a l p i n e V e g e t a t i o n . Publication BG/l, Dept Biogeography and Geomorphology. A.N.U., Canberra.

WALKER, D. 1964. A modified Vallentyne mud sampler. E c o l o g y 45:642-644.

WALKER, D. 1970. The changing vegetation of the montane tropics. S e a r c h 1 : 217-221.

WALKER, D. 1971. Quantification in historical plant ecology. Q u a n t i f y i n g E c o l o g y . E c o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f A u s t r a l i a , P r o c e e d i n g s 6:91-104.

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WALKER, D. 1972a. Vegetation of the Lake Ipea region, New Guinea Highlands. 11. Kayamunda Swamp. J o u r n a l o f Eco logy 60:479-504.

WALKER, D. 1972b. ~ridgeand~arrier. Pages 399-405 i n D. Walker, editor. B r i d g e a n d B a r r i e r : the N a t u r a l and C u l t u r a l H i s t o r y o f T o r r e s S t r a i t . Publication BG/3, Dept of Biogeography and Geomorphology. A.N.U., Canberra.

WALKER, D. and J.R. FLENLEY. In press. Late Quaternary vegetational history of the Enga District of upland Papua New Guinea. Roya l S o c i e t y o f London. P h i l o s o p h i c a l T r a n s a c t i o n s B .

WALKER, D. and D. GREGORY. 1965. The plant ecology of tropical freshwater lakes: A review. W a t e r R e s e a r c h F o u n d a t i o n o f A u s t r a l i a , R e p o r t N o . 1 8 .

WALKER, D. and J.C. GUPPY. 1976. Generic plant assemblages in the highland forests of Papua New Guinea. A u s t r a l i a n J o u r n a l o f E c o l o g y 1 : 203-212.

WALKER, D., P. MILNE, J. GUPPY and J. WILLIAMS. 1968. The computer-assisted storage and retrieval of pollen morphologi- cal data. P o l l e n e t S p o r e s 10:251-,262.

WALKER, D. and S.R. WILSON. 1978. A statistical alternative to the zoning of pollen diagrams. J o u r n a l o f B iogeography 5:l-21.

WEBB, L.G., J.G. TRACEY and W.T. WILLIAMS. 1976. The value of structural features in tropical forest typology. A u s t r a l i a n J o u r n a l o f E c o l o g y 1 :3-28.

WEBB, T. 1974. Corresponding patterns of pollen and vegetation in lower Michigan: A comparison of quantitative data. E c o l o g y 55: 17-28.

WEBB, T. and R.A. BRYSON. 1972. Late and post glacial climatic change in the northern Midwest U.S.A. Quantitative estimates derived from fossil pollen spectra by multivariate statistical analysis. Q u a t e r n a r y R e s e a r c h 2:70-115.

WEBB, T. and J.H. McANDREWS. 1976. Corresponding patterns of contemporary pollen and vegetation in Central North America. G e o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y o f Amer ica Memoir 1 4 5 : 267-299.

WEBSTER, P.J. and N.A. STRETEN. 1978. Late Quaternary ice age climates of tropical Australasia: Interpretations and re- constructions. Q u a t e r n a r y R e s e a r c h 10:279-309.

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