Reviews in Engineering Geology

doi: 10.1130/REG5-pv 1982;5;vReviews in Engineering Geology

 Digby J. McLaren Foreword  

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© 1982 Geological Society of America

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Foreword Digby J. McLaren; President, The Geological Society of America

The Geological Society of America held its annual meeting for 1978 in Toronto, Canada, jointly with the Geo-logical Association of Canada. One of the several symposia featured at that meeting was organized by the Engineering Geology Division of the Society, dealing with Geology under Cities. The opening paper dealt, appropriately, with the geology beneath the streets of Toronto. Since I was then the Director-General of the Geological Survey of Canada, the host country, it seemed appropriate to those responsible for the symposium that, in this capacity, I should say a few words by way of introduction. This I was pleased to do. The symposium was well received.

This volume contains revised and enlarged versions of seven of the papers presented at that Toronto meeting, to-gether with two additional papers to give even better cover-age of the major cities of North America. I now find myself in the position of President of the Society. The Editor has asked if, again, I would contribute a Foreword. I am glad to do so, since this is, in some ways, a unique volume, containing the first general treatment of its subject yet pub-lished by the Society.

Neglect of the geology that lies beneath the roads and streets of our cities is, as the Editor points out in his intro-duction, a strange gap in the steady development of the science during the last one hundred years. The ground is there, and details of its geology are obtainable (through excavations and other operations of man)—in many cases more easily than in open country. And yet it has been left, in general, for geotechnical engineers to realize the full sig-nificance of urban geology, as it may so rightly be called. Today, as this volume shows so well, there is an awakening appreciation of what collaboration between geologists and engineers can achieve in this field.

There were, naturally, individual exceptions to this broad statement about neglect. Let me mention just one—a message from a former member of the staff of the Geologi-cal Survey of Canada, Dr. H. M. Ami, a man of broad and

varied interests, basically a paleontologist. He presented a paper to the Royal Society of Canada at its meeting in May 1900 on "The Geology of the Principal Cities in Eastern Canada" and had this to say by way of introduction:

What the drill has to penetrate in any one of our larger centres of activity in Canada, before reaching the old Archaean or original crust of the Earth in this portion of the North American continent covered by the areas under discussion, is a question not only of interest but also of economic value.1

Urban geology in Canada might have advanced far if these words had been heeded at the time.

The other side of the coin is well shown by the story of how Hans Cloos solved the riddle of the Rhine Graben by observations that he made in April 1929 during the con-struction of a short tunnel through the Lorettoberg in the city of Freiburg. This is related in his notable volume Con-versation with the Earth.1 The dual contributions possible from study of urban geology, the scientific and the practi-cal, are well illustrated in this volume.

There is much to be done, therefore, in tapping the geological potential that the study of urban geology pres-ents. If all the cities of North America, and the major towns as well, had as good a record of their underground as have the cities considered in the papers that follow, the science of geology would be enhanced and the practice of engineering geology greatly assisted. I hope, therefore, that this volume will act as a catalyst in awakening renewed interest in this neglected branch of applied geology, to the advantage of geotechnique but more particularly for the benefit of the science of geology.

'Ami, H. M., "On the Geology of the Princial Cities in Eastern Can-ada," Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Se-cond Series, Volume VI, p. 125-173, Ottawa, 1900.

2Cloos, H., Conversations with the Earth (trans. E. B. Garside), Lon-don: Routledge & Regan Paul Ltd., 1954.

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