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the lumen of the main tube is not encroached on, andit is sunk into the female connection so that there isno danger of its becoming embedded in granulationtissue.A tube of this type lies in the trachea without any

distortion of the anatomy (fig. 2) or any localised pressureon the trach-ealmucosasuch as maycause ulcera-tion. It can-not slip downthe tracheaand can onlyslip up it if itis displacedvery con-

siderably.Though it hasbeen our

custom totether it witha tape roundthe patient’sneck, it isdoubtfulif this isnecessary.Patientsneeding thistreatmentusually lie on

their side with their necks flexed, and the shape of thistube ensures that the patient’s chin does not foul theconnections to it. A suction catheter will pass easily downthe tube and is not held up at the angle.We wish to thank Mr. R. H. Salt, of the Nuffield Depart-

ment of Anaesthetics, who has been largely instrumental,in association with the makers, the Leyland and BirminghamRubber Co. Ltd., Leyland, near Preston, Lanes, in the

development of these tubes.J. M. K. SPALDINGD.M. Oxfd, M.R.C.P.

A. CRAMPTON SMITHM.B. Edin., F.F.A. R.C.S.

Radcliffe Infirmary,Oxford

Reviews of Books

On the Early Development of MindEDWARD GLOVER, M.D. London : Imago Publishing Co.1956. Pp. 483. 45s.

IN accordance with an apparently unbreakable traditionin psycho-analysis, Dr. Glover’s fugitive papers, whichappeared in journals, are now collected in a book.They range from two papers on the oral phase of libido

development, published in 1924, to an address on the Frontiersof Psychoanalysis delivered in Manchester in 1954 ; there arealso introductory and other notes elucidating, correcting, oramplifying passages in the original articles. Reading thesepapers consecutively, and recalling Dr. Glover’s other publica-tions, one is struck by his steady growth in expository skill,his readiness to abandon an earlier position, and his criticalindependence. The concern with delinquency which hasincreasingly engaged his attention is represented mainly, butnot very happily, by an ingenious paper, from 1950, on thedesirability of isolating a

" functional " group of delinquentdisorders-a project close to some other classificatory proposalsput forward by Dr. Glover but unlikely to be accepted forgeneral use either by criminologists or psychiatrists.

Dr. Glover’s lively polemical forays have sometimesobscured his merits as a psycho-analyst unrivalled amonghis contemporaries and juniors for vigour and quicknessof mind, grasp of the principles of psycho-analysis, andfreedom from the desire to conform to current orthodoxy.These qualities are well illustrated in the papers herecollected ; they explain why, in spite of his isolatedposition among British psycho-analysts, he has such aninfluence both here and abroad.

Comparative Anatomy of the EyeJACK H. PRINCE, F.B.O.A., F.S.M.C., F.R.M.S., F.Z.S.,assistant research professor, Department of Ophthalmo-logy, Ohio State Hospital, Columbus, Ohio. Springfield,Ill. : Charles C. Thomas. Oxford : Blackwell ScientificPublications. 1956. Pp. 418. 63s.

,

IN the literature on the comparative anatomy of theeye the sumptuous volumes by Franz in German andby Rochon-Duvigneaud in French have no counterpart inEnglish except the rather specialised study by G. L.Walls. The present volume by Mr. J. H. Prince is thereforemost welcome.

It lacks the wealth of detail and systematisation of theFrench and German volumes, and accordingly does not replacethem for reference purposes. It is, however, a pleasantlywritten introduction, which is all the more acceptable for itsfreshness of outlook. It surpasses the older texts in its

attempts to relate structure to function, and, though enthusi-asm occasionally outruns discretion, it is sound as well asstimulating. In addition to chapters dealing with the differentanatomical structures of the eye, there are chapters devoted tospecial receptors, tapeta, pecten, eye size and shape, and ocularfilters ; and the concluding chapters deal with pineal andparietal eyes and invertebrate eyes, leading up to a discussionon possille ancestral patterns. The illustrations are particu-larly good.An Introduction to Dermatology (12th ed. Edinburgh:

E. & S. Livingstone. 1956. Pp. 374. 45s.).—Thestudent or practitioner in need of a short but explicit text ondermatology can do no better than consult this book byProf. G. H. Percival, of’ Edinburgh. The discovery that anintroduction needs so many pages need not deter him, for alot of space is devoted to the 256 pictures ; 188 of these are incolour and almost all are helpful. The approach is practical,and the prescription and use of remedies are described ingreater detail than in many larger books. Seborrhceic derma-titis does not exist in Edinburgh, but must those who abolishit by calling its manifestations by different names be drivento use such incomprehensible terms as

" eczematide " ? Theinclusion of " seborrhoeic alopecia " needs some justification;and the classification of Bazin’s disease with sarcoid is perhapsopen to question. But these are minor criticisms of a usefuland up-to-date production.Pye’s Surgical Handicraft (17th ed. Bristol: John

Wright&Sons. 1956. Pp,816. 52s.).—There is a trend in clinicalteaching today towards fundamental issues with an emphasison basic science, for only thus can a student be equipped tomeet the rapid changes in our approach both to medicine andits problems, and to treatment ; the didactic lectures of adecade or two ago are not adequate. Nevertheless a studentmust be able to undertake the procedures of his craft; andbefore qualifying he has insufficient opportunity to see andlearn all that he will need even in his preregistration year.The alternative is to be able to turn to a clear account oftechnical methods when occasion arises. " Pye," edited byMr. Hamilton Bailey, covers such a wide and useful range thatit should be in the hands of every student; and it is of valueto a doctor throughout his practising life. In its seventy-thirdyear and 17th edition, this work still has no equal.Emergencies in Medical Practice (5th ed. Edinburgh :

E. & S. Livingstone. 1956. Pp. 684. 37s. 6d.).-Many doctors(and patients) have reason to be grateful to Dr. C. Allan Birchand the other contributors to the excellent book he hasedited since 1948. The appearance of five editions in eightyears is one clear mark of its renown ; and another is thesteady flow of readers’ suggestions which, Dr. Birch says,have been very valuable in bringing the book up to date.

Progress in Neurobiology (Amsterdam : Elsevier Pub-lishing Company. London : Cleaver-Hume Press. 1956.Pp. 384. 65s.).-The proceedings of the first internationalmeeting of neurobiologists, which was held at Amsterdam lastyear, have been published under the editorship of Prof.J-. Ariens Kappers. The contributors from this countryincluded Dr. Turner MeLardy, Mr. G. W. Pearce, Mr. D. A.Sholl, and Prof. J. Z. Young, F.R.S.

Family Mental Health and the State.-The proceedingsof the meeting of’ the World Federation for Mental Health,held at Istanbul last year, have been published. Copies(Pp. 165, 20s.) may be had from the federation, 15, ManchesterStreet, London, W.I.