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Revised: 60746-RG-RV2 by Fukuhara et al.
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Supplemental Figure 1
The generation of Spns2 conditional knockout mice. (A) Schematic representation of
the wild type Spns2 locus (Spns2+), the targeted allele, the floxed allele (Spns2f) and the
deleted allele (Spns2-). In the targeted allele, exon 2 of the Spns2 gene (yellow box) is
flanked by two loxP sites (green arrowheads). Together with the first loxP site, a
neomycin selection cassette, PKG-Neo-pA (gray box), flanked by two frt sites (orange
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arrowheads) has been inserted. Mice carrying the targeted Spns2 allele were crossed
with transgenic mice expressing Flp recombinase under the control of cytomegalovirus
early enhancer/chicken beta actin (CAG) promoter to remove the PKG-Neo-pA cassette,
resulting in the Spns2 floxed mice. To generate conventional Spns2 knockout mice, the
mice carrying a floxed Spns2 allele were crossed with transgenic mice expressing the
Cre recombinase under the control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. To inactivate
the Spns2 gene in endothelial cells, the Spns2 floxed mice were bred with Tie2-Cre
mice that carry the Cre recombinase driven by the Tie2 promoter. (B) Southern blot
analysis of AvrII-digested genomic DNA from tail biopsies of Spns2f/f, Spns2-/- and
Spns2+/+ mice were carried out using a probe indicated in A (blue line). As expected, 7.2
kb, 7.5 kb and 7.0 kb bands were detected in wild type (Spns2+/+), Spns2 floxed
(Spns2f/f) and Spns2 knockout (Spns2-/-) mice. (C) PCR analysis of the genomic DNA
from Spns2f/f, Spns2-/- and Spns2+/+ mice were performed using a primer set to amplify
the exon 2 as indicated in A (red arrows). 552-bp, 842-bp and 316-bp fragments were
amplified in wild type (Spns2+/+), Spns2 floxed (Spns2f/f) and Spns2 knockout (Spns2-/-)
mice. (D) Genomic PCR analysis of Spns2+/+, Spns2-/-, Spns2f/-, Spns2f/-;Tie2Cre,
Spns2f/f, Spns2f/f;Tie2Cre mice were performed using the primer sets to amplify the
exon 2 of Spns2 gene (upper panel) and Cre recombinase gene (lower panel).
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Supplemental Figure 2
Spns2 KO mice are functionally disrupted for Spns2. (A) Schematic representation of
the exon/intron structure of the wild type Spns2 allele and the corresponding wild type
mRNA (Wt mRNA). A mutant mRNA transcribed from the Spns2 deleted allele lacking
exon 2 (Mutant mRNA) is also shown at the bottom. Boxes and polylines represent
exons and introns, respectively. Blue and gray boxes correspond to the coding and
non-coding exons, respectively. Red boxes indicate exon 2. The size of exon is given
below each exon. The mRNA derived from the Spns2 deleted allele results in an
in-frame deletion of exon 2. (B) RT-PCR analyses of RNAs extracted from the lungs of
wild type (Spns2+/+) and Spns2 KO (Spns2-/-) mice were performed using two sets of
PCR primers as indicated in A (blue and green arrows). The size difference between the
two bands is consistent with the absence of exon 2 (66 bp) in the mutant mRNA.
Sequencing of the PCR products showed that Spns2 KO mice express a mutant mRNA
transcript lacking exon 2-derived sequence encoding aa 124-145 of wild type Spns2.
(C) HUVECs were transfected with the plasmid expressing either wild type (Wt) or
mutant (Mutant) Spns2 carboxy-terminally tagged GFP or with myristoylated
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GFP-encoding plasmid (Myr-GFP). GFP and phase contrast images were obtained using
an IX81 inverted microscope (Olympus). Note that mutant Spns2 protein failed to
localize at the plasma membrane. (D) HEK293 cells were transfected with the plasmid
expressing human Spns2 (hWt), mouse Spns2 (mWt) or mouse Spns2 mutant (mutant)
together with or without the Sphk1-expressing vector as indicated at the bottom. S1P
release from those cells was examined as described in Methods. Data are shown as
means ± S.D. (n=4). Note that Spns2 mutant lost the ability to export S1P.
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Supplemental Figure 3
Spns2 KO mice develop normally except for the symblepharon formation. (A-F) Body
and organ weights of 10-week-old wild type (Spns2+/+) and Spns2 KO (Spns2-/-) mice
were measured (body weight (A), heart (B), lung (C), liver (D), spleen (E), kidney (F)).
There were no differences in body and organ weights between wild type and Spns2 KO
mice. Data are shown as means ± S.D. (wild type, n=11; Spns2 KO, n=10). (G) Spns2
KO mice exhibit symblepharon.
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Supplemental Figure 4
The biochemical examination of the blood of Spns2 KO mice. Plasma levels of total
protein (TP) (A), total bilirubin (TBIL) (B), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (C),
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (D), triglycerol (TG) (E), glucose (GLU) (F), blood
urea nitrogen (BUN) (G) and albumin (ALB) (H) in 8-week-old wild type (Spns2+/+)
and Spns2 KO (Spns2-/-) mice. There were no differences in blood biochemical
parameters between wild type and Spns2 KO mice. Data are shown as means ± S.D.
(n=4).
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Supplemental Figure 5
The hematological profile of Spns2 KO mice. Blood was collected from 8-week-old
wild type (Spns2+/+) and Spns2 KO (Spns2-/-) mice, and analyzed for white blood cells
(WBC) (A), red blood cells (RBC) (B), platelets (C), hemoglobin (HBG) (D),
hematocrit (HCT) (E), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (F), mean corpuscular
hemoglobin (MCH) (G) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (H).
Spns2 KO mice exhibited a decreased count of white blood cells compared with wild
type mice. Data are shown as means ± S.D. (n=4).
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Supplemental Figure 6
A representative flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood cells from control
(Spns2+/+) and global Spns2 KO (Spns2-/-) mice. (A) The numbers represent the
percentage of CD4 and CD8 single-positive (SP) T cells in total lymphocytes. (B) The
numbers represent percentages of IgD+CD23+ cells in CD19+ peripheral blood
lymphocytes (mature recirculating B cells; Mature rec. B) in the gate on the plots.
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Supplemental Figure 7
Histological analyses of the thymi and peripheral lymph nodes (LN) of Spns2 KO mice.
Representative hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of thymus and peripheral LN
from wild type (Spns2+/+) and Spns2 KO (Spns2-/-) mice. No striking structural
differences of thymus and peripheral LNl between Spns2 KO and control mice were
detected.
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Supplemental Figure 8
Increased proportion of fully mature SP T cells and decreased proportion of
semi-mature SP T cells in the thymi of Spns2 KO mice. (A) Frequencies (left) and
numbers (right) of semi-mature (CD69+CD62Llo/-) and fully mature (CD69lo/-CD62L+)
CD4 SP T cells in the thymi of control (Spns2+/+) or Spns2 KO (Spns2-/-) mice (n=8).
(B) Frequencies (left) and numbers (right) of semi-mature (CD69+CD62Llo/-) and fully
mature (CD69lo/-CD62L+) CD8 SP T cells in thymi of control (Spns2+/+) or Spns2 KO
(Spns2-/-) mice (n=8). (C) Flow cytometric analysis for the expression of CD69 on fully
mature CD62L+ CD4 (left) and CD8 (right) SP T cells in the thymus of control (black
line) or Spns2 KO (orange line) mice. Control antibody staining is shown shaded in grey.
Data are representative for eight pairs of mice.
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Supplemental Figure 9
Reduced numbers of mature recirculating B (Mature rec. B) cells in the bone marrow of
Spns2 KO mice. Representative flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow derived B
cells from control (Spns2+/+) or Spns2 KO (Spns2-/-) mice. (A) The numbers indicate the
percentage of IgM and IgD expressing CD19+ B cells. Mature recirculating B (Mature
rec. B) cells and immature B cells were identified as CD19+IgM+IgD+ and
CD19+IgM+IgD-, respectively. (B) Frequencies (left) and numbers (right) of mature
recirculating B cells and immature B cells are shown (n=11). Bars and circles indicate
averages and values for individual mice, respectively.
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Supplemental Figure 10
Amount of plasma S1P bound to HDL and albumin in control (Spns2+/+) or Spns2 KO
(Spns2-/-) mice. (A) Representative gel filtration profiles of plasma S1P (bars) and
protein (solid line) from control (top: Spns2+/+) and Spns2 KO (bottom: Spns2-/-) mice.
100 l of plasma was chromatographed on a Superose 12 column. Fractions were
collected every 2 min (0.5 ml). For each fraction, S1P concentration was determined.
Slashed and gray bars indicate the amount of S1P bound to HDL and albumin,
respectively. (B) Amount of S1P associated with HDL and albumin in 100 l of plasma
from control (Spns2+/+) or Spns2 KO (Spns2-/-) mice (n=2).
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Supplemental Figure 11
PCR analysis of the genomic DNA isolated from the bone marrow of wild type mouse
(Spns2+/+), Spns2 KO mouse (Spns2-/-) and 13 Spns2 KO mice reconstituted with wild
type bone marrow (#1~#13) was performed as described in the legend of Supplementary
Figure 1C. 552-bp and 316-bp PCR products represent the wild type and Spns2-deleted
alleles, respectively. Note that the bone marrow of Spns2 KO mice was successfully
reconstituted by that of wild type mice.
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Supplemental Figure 12
In situ hybridization for Spns2 mRNA. Antisense probe was hybridized to the sections
of heart, lung, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb and kidney (Spns2: purple). Serial sections
were also stained with anti-CD31 antibody (CD31: brown) to identify the endothelial
cells. The scale bars represent 20 m.
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Supplemental Figure 13
Plasma concentrations of S1P in control (Spns2f/f) or EC-Spns2 cKO (Spns2f/f;Tie2Cre)
mice. Data are shown as means ± S.D. (n=3).
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Supplemental Figure 14
Reduced number of mature T cells in peripheral lymph nodes of EC-Spns2 cKO mice.
Frequencies (left) and numbers (right) of CD4 SP (CD4) and CD8 SP (CD8) T cells in
peripheral lymph nodes from control (Spns2f/f) or EC-Spns2 cKO (Spns2f/f;Tie2Cre)
mice are shown (n=11). Bars and circles indicate averages and values for individual
mice, respectively.
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Supplemental Figure 15
Reconstitution of EC-Spns2 cKO mice with control bone marrow. (A) PCR analysis of
the genomic DNA isolated from the bone marrow of wild type mouse (Spns2+/+), Spns2
KO mouse (Spns2-/-), Spns2 floxed mouse (Spns2f/f), 8 Spns2 floxed mice reconstituted
with bone marrow from Spns2 floxed mice (Spns2f/f→Spns2f/f) and 9 EC-Spns2 cKO
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mice reconstituted with bone marrow from Spns2 floxed mice
(Spns2f/f→Spns2f/f,Tie2Cre) was performed as described in the legend of
Supplementary Figure 1C. 552-bp, 842-bp and 316-bp PCR products represent the wild
type, Spns2-floxed and Spns2-deleted alleles, respectively. Note that the bone marrow
of EC-Spns2 cKO was successfully reconstituted by that of Spns2 floxed mice.
(B, C) Flow cytometric analyses of Spns2 floxed mice reconstituted with bone marrow
from Spns2 floxed mice (Spns2f/f→Spns2f/f) and EC-Spns2 cKO mice reconstituted
with bone marrow from Spns2 floxed mice (Spns2f/f→Spns2f/f,Tie2Cre). (B)
Frequencies and total numbers of CD4 SP (CD4) (left) and CD8 SP (CD8) (right) T
cells in the thymus are shown (Spns2f/f→Spns2f/f, n=8; Spns2f/f→Spns2f/f,Tie2Cre, n=9).
(D) Frequencies and total numbers of CD4 SP (CD4) (left) and CD8 SP (CD8) (right) T
cells in the peripheral blood are shown (Spns2f/f→Spns2f/f, n=8;
Spns2f/f→Spns2f/f,Tie2Cre, n=9).
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Supplemental Figure 16
Reduced number of mature recirculating B cells in bone marrow of EC-Spns2 cKO
mice. Flow cytometric analyses of bone marrow derived B cells from control (Spns2f/f)
or EC-Spns2 cKO (Spns2f/f;Tie2Cre) mice. (A) The numbers indicate the percentage of
IgM and IgD expressing CD19+ B cells. Mature recirculating B (Mature rec. B) cells
and immature B cells were identified as CD19+IgM+IgD+ and CD19+IgM+IgD-,
respectively. (B), Frequencies (left) and numbers (right) of mature recirculating B cells
and immature B cells are shown in left and right panels, respectively (n=11). Bars and
circles indicate averages and values for individual mice, respectively.
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Supplemental Figure 17
Number of mature recirculating B cells in peripheral lymph nodes of EC-Spns2 cKO
mice. Frequencies (left) and numbers (right) of mature recirculating B cells
(CD19+CD23+IgD+) in peripheral lymph nodes from control (Spns2f/f) or EC-Spns2
cKO (Spns2f/f;Tie2Cre) mice are shown (n=11). Bars and circles indicate averages and
values for individual mice, respectively.
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Supplemental Figure 18
Flow cytometric analyses of Spns2 floxed mice reconstituted with bone marrow from
Spns2 floxed mice (Spns2f/f→Spns2f/f) and EC-Spns2 cKO mice reconstituted with
bone marrow from Spns2 floxed mice (Spns2f/f→Spns2f/f,Tie2Cre). Frequencies (left)
and total numbers (right) of mature recirculating B cells in the bone marrow (A) and
peripheral blood (B) are shown (Spns2f/f→Spns2f/f, n=8; Spns2f/f→Spns2f/f,Tie2Cre,
n=9).