Revolutions in the Arts

Ch.8 Sec.4

Romanticism

Movement that reflected deep interest both in nature and in the thoughts and feelings of the individual.

Enlightenment idea of reason gave way to this movement in art and ideas.

Characteristics

Emphasized inner feelings, emotions, and imagination

Focused on mysterious, supernatural, exotic, grotesque, or horrifying

Idealized the past as simpler and nobler time Glorified heroes and heroic actions Cherished folk traditions, music, and stories Valued common people and the individual Promoted radical change and democracy

Romanticism Expressions

Poetry- to romantics poetry was the highest form of expression

Writing- novels, fairytales, and gothic novels

Music- emotion dominated the music produced by romantic composers.

Paintings- depicted romanticism ideas

Poetry

British poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge honored nature as the source of truth and beauty

Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote poems celebrating heroes, love, and the beauty of nature.

“She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that's best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellow'd to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies.”

-Lord Byron (1788-1824)

Writing- Romantics

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Wrote The Sorrows of

Young Werther that detailed a man’s hopeless love for a married woman that leads him to suicide.

Victor Hugo- Wrote romantic works that

reflected fascination with history and the individual.

Hunchback of Notre Dame- shows the struggles of individuals against a hostile and oppressive society

WritingFairytales

Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm- inspired by romanticism, they collected German fairytales and created a dictionary.

Fairytales were not suitable for children, but have been changed over the years

Little Red Riding Hood

Hansel and Gretel

Writing- Gothic Novels

Gothic horror stories that took place in medieval Gothic castles.

Filled with fearful, violent, and supernatural events

Mary Shelley wrote one of the earliest and most successful gothic horror stories......Frankenstein!

Music

Composers moved away from the tightly controlled, formal compositions of the Enlightenment period.

They celebrated heroism and national pride as music became part of middle-class life Guiseppe Verdi and Richard Wagner brought

European opera to a dramatic and theatrical high point. Ludwig van Beethoven

Went from classical to romantic compositions Ninth Symphony soars, celebrating freedom, dignity,

and the triumph of the human spirit.

Paintings

In their eagerness to explore emotion, romantic artists had certain favorite subjects: nature, love, religion, and nationalism

Eugene Delacroix

Realism

Mid 19th century was affected by rapid industrialization.

Growing class of industrial workers lived grim lives in dirty, crowded cities.

Industrialization made romantic dreams pointless.

In literature and visual arts, realism showed life as it was, not as it should be.

Realism- Photography

Technological advancements allowed for mass distribution of photos that gained a wide audience.

Realism-Writing

Depicted actual events in life that would allow more details to be revealed.

Charles Dickens Described London’s working poor.

Emile Zola Novels exposed miseries of French workers in

small shops, factories, and coal mines. Shock readers and sparked reforms of labor laws

in France

Realism-Paintings

Painters portrayed everyday life as it was Gustave Courbet

The Stone Breakers

Impressionism

Beginning in the 1860s, painters in Paris reacted to the realist style.

Tried to show their impression of a subject or moment in time.

Used pure, shimmering colors to capture a moment seen at a glance.

Impressionism-Paintings

Showed a more positive view of urban society

Instead of abused workers, they showed shop clerks and dock workers enjoying themselves Claude Monet

Impressionism-Music

Composers used different combinations of instruments, tone patterns, and music structures to make listens feel the mood.

Ex: feel a warm summer day, or the sight of the sea

Composers- Maurice Ravel and Claude Debussy