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RFID ACCESSING SYSTEM USING ARM PROCESSOR
By –
G. Rajesh
(07811A0442)
G. Prudhvi Raju
(07811A0443)
K. Sunil Varma
(07811A0457)
E. Sandeep Kumar
(07811A0432)
CONTENTS Embedded systems
Microcontroller vs Microprocessor
Microcontrollers for Embedded Systems
ARM processor
Features of ARM processor
LPC2119/LPC2129
Features of LPC2119/LPC2129
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
RFID Reader
Power Supply
Advantages& Disadvantages
Conclusion
References
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS We are living in the Embedded World. You are
surrounded with many embedded products and your
daily life largely depends on the proper functioning of
these gadgets.
Embedded controllers carryout a specific work for
which they are designed. Most of the time, engineers
design these embedded controllers with a specific goal
in mind. So these controllers cannot be used in any
other place.
Theoretically, an embedded controller is a
combination of a piece of microprocessor based
hardware and the suitable software to undertake a
specific task.
MICROCONTROLLER VS MICROPROCESSOR
Microprocessors contain no RAM, no ROM, and no I/O
ports on the chip itself. For this reason, they are commonly
referred to as general-purpose Microprocessors.
A Microcontroller has a CPU (a microprocessor) in
addition to a fixed amount of RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and a
timer all on a single chip. In other words, the processor,
the RAM, ROM, I/O ports and the timer are all embedded
together on one chip; therefore, the designer cannot add
any external memory, I/O ports, or timer to it.
MICROCONTROLLERS FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
An embedded system product uses a microprocessor
(or Microcontroller) to do one task only.
In an Embedded system, there is only one application
software that is typically burned into ROM
Each one of the output peripherals has a
Microcontroller inside it that performs only one task.
For example, inside every mouse there is a
Microcontroller to perform the task of finding the mouse
position and sending it to the PC.
ARM PROCESSOR
The ARM processor core is a key component of many
successful 32-bit embedded systems.
ARM cores are widely used in mobile phones,
handheld organizers, and a multitude of other everyday
portable consumer devices.
Over one billion ARM processors had been shipped
worldwide .
FEATURES OF ARM PROCESSOR
The ARM processor, like all RISC processors, uses a
load-store architecture. This means it has two instruction
types for transferring data in and out of the processor.
Since the ARM core is a 32-bit processor, most
instructions treat the registers as holding signed or
unsigned 32-bit values.
The ARM core uses the cpsr to monitor and control
internal operations. The cpsr is a dedicated 32-bit
register and resides in the register file.
The processor mode determines which registers are
active and the access rights to the cpsr register itself.
There are seven processor modes in total: six
privileged modes (abort, fast interrupt request, interrupt
request, supervisor, system, and undefined) and one
nonprivileged mode (user).
The state of the core determines which instruction set
is being executed. There are three instruction sets: ARM,
Thumb, and Jazelle.
The ARM instruction set is only active when the
processor is in ARM state.
To execute Java bytecodes, you require the Jazelle
technology plus a specially modified version of the Java
virtual machine
Interrupt masks are used to stop specific interrupt
requests from interrupting the processor.
LPC2119/LPC2129 The LPC2119/LPC2129 are based on a 16/32 bit
ARM7TDMI-S™ CPU with real-time emulation and
embedded trace support, together with 128/256 kilobytes
(kB) of embedded high speed flash memory.
A 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique
accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at
maximum clock rate. For critical code size applications,
the alternative 16-bit Thumb® Mode reduces code by
more than 30 % with minimal performance penalty.
With a wide range of additional serial communications
interfaces, they are also suited for communication
gateways and protocol converters as well as many other
general-purpose applications.
FEATURES OF LPC2119/LPC2129 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny
LQFP64 package.
16 kB on-chip Static RAM.
128/256 kB on-chip Flash Program Memory. 128-bit
wide interface/accelerator enables high speed 60 MHz
operation.
In-System Programming (ISP) and In-Application
Programming (IAP) via on-chip boot-loader software.
Flash programming takes 1 ms per 512 byte line.
Single sector or full chip erase takes 400ms.
Embedded ICE-RT interface enables breakpoints and watch points. Interrupt service routines can continue to execute while the foreground task is debugged with the on-chip RealMonitor™ software. Two 32-bit timers (with four capture and four compare channels), PWM unit (six outputs), Real Time Clock and Watchdog. Up to forty-six 5 V tolerant general purpose I/O pins. Up to nine edge or level sensitive external interrupt pins available. On-chip crystal oscillator with an operating range of 1 MHz to 30MHz. Dual power supply:• CPU operating voltage range of 1.65 V to 1.95 V
(1.8 V -0.15 V).• I/O power supply range of 3.0 V to 3.6 V (3.3 V -
10 %) with 5 V tolerant I/O pads.
LIQUID CRSYTAL DISPLAY The liquid crystal display driver circuit consists of 16
common signal drivers and 40 segment signal drivers.
When the character font and number of lines are selected
by a program, the required common signal drivers
automatically output drive waveforms, while the other
common signal drivers continue to output non-selection
waveforms.
The display contains two internal byte-wide registers, one
for commands (RS=0) and the second for characters to be
displayed(RS=1).It also contains a user-programmed RAM
area (the character RAM) that can be programmed to generate
any desired character that can be formed using a dot matrix
RFID READER
The RFID Proximity OEM Reader Module has a
built-in antenna in minimized form factor.
This LF reader module with an internal or an
external antenna facilitates communication with
Read-Only transponders—type UNIQUE or TK5530
via the air interface.
Reads the Same Data in Tag (Last 8 Digits )
Input Power Supply DC 12volts
LED/Beeper indicates tag reading
operation
Compact size and cost-effective
POWER SUPPLY DESIGN
Voltage Regulator is used to provide a
constant voltage.
When the current in the regulator gets
heated up so a heat sink is used which reduces
the heat and saves the regulator from damage.
Two diodes are used as a rectifier to convert
pulsating DC to constant DC.
ADVANTAGES Provides a security system which needs no
manpower to look after.
Very less maintenance cost.
disadvantages
Anyone can enter the secured room with a lost
RFID card.
High initial cost.
CONCLUSION
Security is a primary concern in our day-to-day life. Everyone wants to be
as much secure as possible. An access control for doors forms a vital link in a security chain. The RFID and Microcontroller based security system
can be adopted at various applications and are very useful in
providing an excellent security system.
REFERENCES
‘The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems’
by Muhammad Ali Mazidi.
‘ARM system developer Guide’ by Andrew N. Sloss.
www.atmel.com
www.analogicgroup.com
www.philips.com
www.nxp.com
www.gsmworld.com
Thank You!!