jif{ ( c+s !@ dfl;s d+l;/÷k'; December 2006

kmf]gaf6} tnfs cd[tf cgdf]n a'sf{leq au]sf cfF;'

lgbf]{if d/], afFRg]sf] larNnL lgd{nf /]UdL xTof/fx¿ pDsg gkfpmg\

art ;d"xn] a9fPsf] pT;fx uLtf sF8]n dlxnf eP gd"gf

n's]sf] kL8f Û zf]ef /]UdL kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:of

cfdfx¿n] lrgfP ufpF ejfgL clwsf/L l;?af/Ldf a9] ko{6s

dlxnf b'Jo{;gL lglnkmf ;'Aaf 3[0ff / lt/:sf/sf] lzsf/

3/]n' lx+;fsf] 8/nfUbf] tgfj /~h' /]UdL c;xof]uL ;dfh, sdhf]/ sfg'g

;~rfl/sf ;d"x÷g]kfn

1

kmf]gaf6} tnfs klt k/d]Zj/ x'g\ . k/d]Zj/n] h] u5{g\ /fd|} u5{g\ . s]xL u/L xflg x'g] sfd ul/xfn] klg ;xg' g} hftL x'G5 . To;sf] lvnfk ug{' x'Fb}g . ;fls/fnfO{ a]nfa]nfdf ;f;"n] o:t} ctL{ ;'gfpFlyg\ . t/ ltg} kltn] pgnfO{ 6]lnkmf]gaf6} tnfs lbP .

cd[tf cgdf]n

a'6jn÷;fls/fsf] lax] ePsf] Ps jif{ k'u]sf] lyPg . k]6df #–$ dlxgfsf] ue{ lyof] . ue{jtL ePb]lv pgL la/fdL kl//xlGyg\ . slxn] 6fpsf] b'VYof], slxn] jfGtf x'GYof] t slxn] xftv'§f ;'lGgP/ x}/fg . a]nfa]nfdf kL8f ;xg g;s]/ a]xf]; klg x'lGyg\ . e}/xjfsf ;fOsn k;n] klt cxdb jfl/; cnL laxfg h'?Ss p7]/ k;nlt/} hfGy] . /flt /S;Ln] 6Gg eP/ dfq kms{Gy] . la/fdL ;ls/f h:t} cj:yfdf klg zf/Ll/s ;DaGwsf nflu tof/ x'g'kYof]{ . s;}u/L ;lsgg\ eg] Tof] /ft clgi6 x'g;SYof] .

d'l:nd ;d'bfodf tnfs k/Dk/fb]lv

rlncfPsf] k|yf xf] . h;n] wfld{s

dfGotf;d]t kfPsf] 5 . h;cg';f/

kltn] tLgk6s;Dd tnfs tnfs

tnfs eg]kl5 ;DaGwljR5]b x'g]

ub{5 . To:tf] ;DaGwljR5]bdf kltn]

kTgLnfO{ s]xL lbg' kb}{g . o;/L ;lhn}

;DaGwljR5]b x'g] ePsfn] w]/} d'l:nd

k'?ifn] cfk[\mnfO{ ;fgf] s'/fdf lrQ

ga'Efm\g]lalQs} tnfs lbG5g\ . /, csf]{

3/hd u/]/ a:5g\ .

kltn] hlt crfSnL u/] klg ;fls/f ;xlGyg\ . kltsf lj/f]wdf af]Ng x'Fb}g . pgn] ToxL l;s]sL lyOg\ . …klt k/d]Zj/ x'g\ . k/d]Zj/n] h] u5{g\ /fd|} u5{g\ . s]xL u/L xflg x'g] sfd ul/xfn] klg ;xg' g} hftL x'G5 . To;sf] lvnfk ug'{ x'Fb}g .Ú ;fls/fnfO{ a]nfa]nfdf ;f;"n] o:t} ctL{ ;'gfpFlyg\ .

clt ePkl5 s;}n] klg ;xFb}g . slxNo} 7f8f] gh/n] gx]g]{ ;;'/fl;t Ps lbg ;fls/fncfkm\gf kL8f ;'gfOg\ . ;;'/fn] dfOt hfg ;Nnfx lbP . ToxLF uP/ pkrf/ ug{ / ;'Ts]/Lkl5 6fFl7P/ dfq 3/ kms{g cx|fP . pgs} ldnf]dtf]df dfOtLn] klg af]nfP .

¿kGb]xLsf] klSnxjfdf lax] ePsL ;fls/f -gfd kl/jt{g_ To;kl5 cfkm\gf] dfOtL3/ uh]x8fdf kmls{g\ . dfOt} a;]/ pkrf/ ul/g\ . rf/ dlxgfkl5 5f]/L klg hGdfOg\ . 3/af6 e]6\g klg uPgg\ . kltn] tLg dlxgfkl5 kmf]g u/] . pgn] cfkm[\nfO{ kTgLsf] Jojxf/ dg gk/]sf] dfq} eg]gg\, ca ;Fu} al:bgF eGb} kmf]gaf6} tnfs lbP . ;fls/f clxn] dfOtd} l5g\ . 3/ 5f]8\bf ue{df /x]sL 5f]/L clxn] @ jif{sL eOg\ . g t

pgn] afa'af6 gfd g} kfOg\ g t nfngkfngsf nflu ;DklQ g} .

;fls/fnfO{ kltsf lj/f]wdf ph'/L ug{ dg 5 . t/ u/]sL 5}gg\ . lsg t < ;fls/f elG5g\, æcfkmGt dl':ndx¿sf] lgod gf3]/ cbfnt hfg' xF'b}g eG5g\ . dfOtL sdhf]/ 5g\, cfkm"n] kl9Pg . sxfF uP/ s;/L lg;fkm vf]Hg] xf] hflGbgF . lagfd];f] d sxfF hfpmF

2

/lxdf dfOt uPsf] !) lbgkl5 klt ;l/km PSsfl; ;;'/fnL uP . ;f;"–;;'/f 3/df lyPgg\ . ToxL df}sfdf pgn] tyfgfd ufnL u/] . k/Dk/f gf3]/ a'sf{ gnufO{ PSn} ahf/ 8'Ng] j]Zof cfOdfO{sf] cf/f]k nufP . æo:tL ult5f8fnfO{ kTgL agfP/ /fVbf wd{n] lwSsf5{ . ;dfhn] s'/f sf6\5 . d :jf:gLsf nflu gfdb{ eP/ afFRg ;lSbgF, pgL o:t} asasfpFb} tLgk6s tnfs eg]/ lxF8]Æ, /lxdf ?Fb} ;'gfpFl5g\ .

/lxdfnfO{ cbfnt uPdf cfkm\gf]

efusf] ;DklQ lng jf km]l/ ;DaGw

hf]8\g ;lsg] yfxf 5 . t/ cbfnt

hfg s;}sf] ;xof]u kfOgg\ . æ;fg}df

lax] eof] . lax]kl5 ;w}+ a'sf{leq . g

sxLF hfg kfOof] g d'v vf]n]/

s;}l;t af]Ng . a'sf{aflx/sf] ;+;f/

s:tf] 5 < hflGbgF . d PSn} sxfF

hfpmF

3

clxn] klg w]/}h;f] d'l:nd dlxnfnfO{ db/;fdf k9fpg] rng 5 . hxfF pb"{df wfld{s 1fgsf lstfa dfq k9fOG5 . pgLx¿ g]kfnL efiff af]Ng klg hfGb}gg\ . ;fg}df lax], lax]kl5 ;w}+ a'sf{leq . a'sf{aflx/sf] ;+;f/ b]v]sf;Dd x'Fb}gg\ . To:tf dlxnfx¿ sxfF uPdf Gofo kfOG5 eGg] s;/L hfg"g\ / Gofo vf]Hg aflx/ lg:s"g\

4

lgbf]{if d/], afFRg]sf] larNnL dfcf]jfbL lx+;f / /fHosf] k|ltlx+;f /f]lsPsf] !) dlxgf x'gnfUbf klg lgbf]{if cfkmGt u'dfpg'k/]sf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kL8f cfn} 5 . clxn];Dd /fHon] Ifltk"lt{ t k/} hfcf];\ ;xfg'e"lt;d]t glbFbf kL8fsf] Tof] 3fpdf g'gr"s yKg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 .

lgd{nf /]UdL,

;'v]{t÷gGbf yfgLsf cfFvf cem} cf]efPsf

5}gg\ . kfFr jif{b]lv nuftf/ cfF;' aufpFb} PSn} eSsflgP/ ?lG5g\ / dg a'emfpg aa{/fpFl5g\, æd]/f] 5f]/fn] s;sf] s] lauf/ u/]sf] lyof] / kfkLx¿n] nv]6L–nv]6L df/] LdtLsf l;pFbf]

k'l5P, bzf}+ xhf/ afnaflnsf 6'x'/f eP .

pgLx¿ g dfcf]jfbLdf ;fd]n lyP g

t dfcf]jfbLsf …b'ZdgÚ ;'/Iff

lgsfosf dfG5]–;xof]uL g} lyP .

$% jifL{of gGbfsf] 5f]/f o'jsnfO{ @)%* r}t #) ut] ;]gfn] uf]nL xfg]/ xTof u/]sf] lyof] . ;'v]{tl:yt /]l8of] g]kfnsf] ;'/Iffy{ a;]sf ;}lgsn] lbpF;} /]l8of]sf] u]6}cufl8 uf]nL xfg]/ pgsf] Hofg lnPsf] lyof] . ;]gfn] lsg xTof u¥of], s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . !& jif]{ lszf]/ o'js To;} lbg P;Pn;Lsf] k/LIff ;s]/ 3/ kmls{+b} lyP . k9\gsf nflu jL/]Gb|gu/ gu/kflnsf– ^ l:yt lbbLsf] 3/df a;]sf pgL k/LIff ;lsPkl5 cfkm\gf] 3/ kms{+b} lyP . 6]Dkf] r9]/ cfPsf pgnfO{ ;]gfn] 3/} gk'uL l;WofOlbof] . pgnfO{ df/]sf] b]Vg] Ps k|ToIfbzL{ eG5g\, æ;]gfn] nv]6L–nv]6L uf]nL xfg]sf] lyof] .Æ To;kl5 ;/sf/L ;~rf/dfWoddf cftª\ssf/L dfl/Psf] k|rf/afhL ul/of] .

ædfcf]jfbL eP/ lxF8]sf] eP klg ToxL ;f]r]/ dg a'emfpFy]+ xf]nf, t/ d]/f] 5f]/f dfcf]jfbLsf] gfd klg ;'Gg rfxFb}gYof]Æ eSsflgFb} gGbf elG5g\, æck/fw} u/]sf] eP ;hfo lbP x'GYof], d]/f] caf]w 5f]/fsf] Hofg lnP/ kfkLx¿n] s] kfP Ldfg\nfO{ lrof lbP/ b"w ttfpFb} lyPF, tLgk6s uf]nL k8\s]sf] cfjfh ;'g]+,Æ k5\of}/Ln] cfF;' k'5\b} pgL elG5g\, æbf}8]/ aflx/ cfpFbf eNenL /ut aUb} lyof], lrofsf] lunf; xftd} lyof], k|f0f t pl8;s]5 .Æ

nf]Ug] dfl/Pkl5 hLjg;fyL u'dfpFbfsf] hlt kL8f 5, Tof]eGbf a9L lahf]s 3/d'nL dfl/Pkl5 kl/jf/sf] 5 . kl/jf/df sdfpg] sf]xL 5}g .

c;/;/ks

sygdc>6t;lk

cfkmGt u'dfPkl5 . pgLx¿sf] 3/df zflGt 5}g . lbg /ft ?jfaf;L / cft{gfb dfq ;'Gg kfOG5 .

;'v]{ts} l5Gr' uflj;–& sf u0f]zaxfb'/ zfxLsf] 3/df kfFr jif{b]lv ToxL ?jfaf;L 5 . @)%* r}t !$ ut] laxfg ;f9] rf/ ah] …% ldg]6 sfd 5, aflx/ lxF8\g';\Ú eGb} Ps x'n dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] lnP/ uPsf zfxL To;kl5 3/ kms]{gg\ . æ;'lt/x]sf dfG5]nfO{ sk8f;d]t nufpg glbO{ lnP/ uP,Æ kTgL cd[tf Tof] laxfgsf] qf;bL ;'gfpFl5g\, æahf/af6 cln k/ k'¥ofP/ uf]nL xfg]/ df/]5g\ .Æ zfxLnfO{ dfg'{sf] sf/0f dfcf]jfbLn] clxn];Dd v'nfPsf 5}gg\ . ;fdfGo v]tL–ls;fgL ug]{ zfxL dfcf]jfbLeGbf km/s /fhgLlts cf:yf /fVy] . oxL cf/f]kdf dfcf]jfbLn] pgsf] Hofg} lnP . pgsf] xTofn] kl/jf/df zf]s / ?jfaf;L t 5Fb}5, 3/d'nL dfl/Psf sf/0f kl/jf/sf] larNnL klg ePsf] 5 .

kl5Nnf] bzsdf o;/L cgfxsdf w]/} dfG5] dfl/P klg To;sf] 5fglag st}af6 ePsf] 5}g . 5fglag g} gePkl5 xTof ug]{dfly sf/afxL x'g] s'/} ePg . dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;ª\3;+:yfn] lgbf]{if

clxn] o'4 /f]lsPsf] 5 . lx+;f 5f]8]/

dfcf]jfbL /fhgLltsf] d'nwf/df

cfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbLaLr

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf;d]t ePsf]

5 . ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf % df æ;z:q

åGåsf qmddf dfgjclwsf/sf] uDeL/

pNnª\3g ug]{ tyf dfgjtflj?4

ck/fwdf ;+nUgx¿sf af/]df ;To

cGj]if0f ug{ / ;dfhdf d]nldnfksf]

jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ cfk;L

;xdltaf6 pRr:t/Lo ;To lg¿k0f

tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u u7g ug]{Æ

elgPsf] 5 . t/, Jojxf/df cfof]u

aGg ;s]sf] 5}g .

5

fly{s ;|f]t klg 5}g . /fhfsf nflu gu/ ljsf; ldltdf dgf]gLt ef/tL dfl/Pkl5 kl/jf/nfO{ g fhfn] x]/] g pgsf] ;/sf/n] . ækl/jf/nfO{ s]xL xof]u x'G5 ls eGg] cfzn] cfkm\g} xftn] fhfnfO{ laGtLkq r9fPF, kf6L{df eg]+, /z'gf/fo0f rf}w/LnfO{ ;d]t lgj]bg lbPF t/ ]xL ePg,Æ pgn] b'Mvsf] a]lnlj:tf/ nufOg\ . lgxTyf gful/sx¿ o;/L dfl/g'df bf]if

;sf] < g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;z:q …hgo'4Ú fn]kl5 !) jif{sf] cjlwdf o'4df ;+nUgtf ePsf e/t / o'jsh:tf y'k|} lgbf]{if cgfxsdf fl/Psf 5g\ . /fHosf ;'/IffsdL{ / ljb|f]xLn] w]/} fdfsf lgbf]{if sf]v phf8 kf/]sf 5g\, xhf/f}+ LdtLsf l;pFbf] k'l5P, bzf}+ xhf/ afnaflnsf 'x'/f eP . pgLx¿ g dfcf]jfbLdf ;fd]n lyP g dfcf]jfbLsf …b'ZdgÚ ;'/Iff lgsfosf dfG5]–xof]uL g} lyP . t/ klg pgLx¿nfO{ afFRg

bOPg\ . dfl/g]x¿ t dfl/O;s], t/ ltgsf l/jf/ d[To'eGbf klg s7f]/ kL8f ef]lu/x]sf 5g\,

dfl/P eGb} jStJoafhL ug]{afx]s s]xL u/]sf 5}gg\ . /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]unufotsf lgsfon] lgbf]{ifsf] xTof ug]{x¿nfO{ ls6fg;fy sf/afxLsf] l;kmfl/z ug{ clxn];Dd ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

h]g]ef dxf;lGwsf] wf/f # df ;z:q ;ª\3if{sf a]nf o'4/t kIfafx]s x/]s :yfg / ;dodf cfdgful/ssf] hLjg tyf z/L/lj?4 ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;f vf;u/L xTof, cª\ueª\u, qm"/ Jojxf/ / oftgf lgif]w ul/Psf] pNn]v 5 . t/, g]kfndf /fHo / ljb|f]xLsf] lgzfgfdf w]/} lgxTyf / lgbf]{if dfq k/]sf 5g\, lgxTyfnfO{ hf]ufpg] k|of; pgLx¿af6 x'Fb} ePg .

clxn] o'4 /f]lsPsf] 5 . lx+;f 5f]8]/ dfcf]jfbL /fhgLltsf] d'nwf/df cfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/–dfcf]jfbLaLr lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf;d]t ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf % df æ;z:q åGåsf qmddf dfgjclwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNnª\3g ug]{ tyf dfgjtflj?4 ck/fwdf ;+nUgx¿sf af/]df ;To cGj]if0f ug{ / ;dfhdf

6

d]nldnfksf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ cfk;L ;xdltaf6 pRr:t/Lo ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u u7g ug]{Æ elgPsf] 5 . t/, Jojxf/df cfof]u aGg ;s]sf] 5}g .

To;} t o'4df dfl/Psf gful/snfO{ /fHon] lbg] Ifltk"lt{ gfd dfqsf] 5– dfcf]jfbLn] df/] 8]9 nfv ?k}ofF lbOG5 . t/, b'O{–rf/hgfn] Ifltk"lt{ kfP klg w]/}n] kfPs} 5}gg\ . Ifltk"lt{ kfpg …dflyÚ ;Dd kx'Fr rflxG5 . sdfpg] 3/d'nL dfl/g] / Ifltk"lt{ klg gkfpg] cj:yfn] kl/jf/s} larNnL ePsf] 5 . nf]Ug]n] rnfPsf] ldnsf] C0f ltg{ dlxGb|f ef/tLn] hUuf a]Rg'k¥of] . clxn] ldn aGb ePsf] 5 . æhUufhldg C0f ltbf{ ;lsof], ca xfdL s] vfP/ afFRg],Æ tLg gfafns ;Gtfg b]vfpFb} pgn] ljnf}gf ;'gfOg\ .

cfkmGt dfl/Psf] kL8fdf 56k6fO/x]sfx¿ Ifltk"lt{ gkfP klg bf]ifL gplDsof];\ / s8f sf/afxL xf];\ eGg] rfxG5g\ . æd]/f] gfltsf] s] bf]if lyof] / lbpF;} nv]6L–nv]6L df/],Æ o'js yfgLsL ;]tfDd] km'n]sL xh'/cfdf eb|snf elG5g\, æxTof/fnfO{ ;hfo ePsf] cfkm\g} cfFvfn] x]g{ kfpmF .Æ gful/s If]qaf6 ToxL dfu pl7/x]sf] 5 . OG;]s ;'v]{tsf ;Nnfxsf/ sdn]z 8L;L eG5g\, æo'4 ck/fwLx¿nfO{ tTsfn s8f sf/afxL ug'{k5{ h;n] ubf{ To:tf ck/fw gbf]xf]l/pmg\ .Æ clwjQmf /df Kofs'/]n o'4sf

;fdfGo lgod;d]t c6]/ u/L lgbf]{ifsf] xTof ug]{ JolQm / p;;Fu hf]l8Psf] ;ª\u7gk|d'vdfly g} sf/afxL x'g'kg]{ atfpFl5g\ . elG5g\, æTo:tf 36gfsf] clen]vLs/0f u/L xb};Ddsf] ;hfo lbg'k5{, h;af6 kLl8tn] /fxt dx;''; ug{ ;s"g\ / ck/fwLn] km]l/ ck/fw bf]xf]¥ofpg] lxDdt gu¿g\ .Æ

kl5Nnf] bzsdf o;/L cgfxsdf w]/}

dfG5] dfl/P klg To;sf] 5fglag

st}af6 ePsf] 5}g . 5fglag g}

gePkl5 xTof ug]{dfly sf/afxL x'g]

s'/} ePg . dfgjclwsf/jfbL

;ª\3;+:yfn] lgbf]{if dfl/P eGb}

jStJoafhL ug]{afx]s s]xL u/]sf

5}gg\ . /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/

cfof]unufotsf lgsfon] lgbf]{ifsf]

xTof ug]{x¿nfO{ ls6fg;fy

sf/afxLsf] l;kmfl/z ug{ clxn];Dd

;s]sf 5}gg\ .

���

;~rfl/sf n]vdfnf÷;~rfl/sf ;d"x

7

art ;d"xn] a9fPsf] pT;fx

¿kGb]xLdf dlxnfx¿n] rnfPsf] ;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] w]/}sf] dg lht]sf] 5 . k'?ifx¿ x'FbfxF'b} dlxnf cl3 ;/]sf eg]/ slQn] d'v x'Fbfx'Fb} gfsn] kfgL vfPsf] klg eg] t/ To; If]qsf dlxnfn] lxDdt xf/]gg\ . cfh pgLx¿ ;dfhs} gd'gf ePsf 5g\ .

uLtf sF8]n a'6jn ÷…cfOdfO{n] dfq rnfPsf] ;+:yf

s;/L rNnf

8

lyOg\ . ;'?df !% xhf/ ?k}ofF lnP/ sfd yfn]sL pgn]] ls/fgf k;nb]lv lnP/ 6\ofS6/ lsGg] sfd klg ul/g\ . sf/f]af/ a9\b} uPkl5 ;+:yf;Fu pgn] yk C0f lnFb} klg uOg\ . k6s–k6s C0f lnFbf h;sf] gfddf 3/hUuf 5, pgL g} ;+:yf;Fu k|ToIf ;Dks{df /lx/xg'kg]{ ePkl5 ;;'/faf6 >Ldfg\ x'Fb} pgsf] gfddf 3/hUuf gfd;f/L ePsf] xf] .

;ª\uLtf elG5g, æd}n] art ug{ ;'? gu/]sf] jf C0f lnP/ sf/f]af/ ug]{ cfF6 gu/]sf] eP clxn] d]/f] gfddf ;DklQ 5 eg]/ ;'gfpg sxfF kfpFy]+ /

9

;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+s ¿kGb]xLsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs uf]s0f{/fh zdf{ atfpF5g\ .

clxn];Dd ¿kGb]xLdf ;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿af6 dlxnfnfO{ g} g]t[Tj ;'lDkPsf tLgj6f ;xsf/L ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ . z+s/gu/ ;xsf/Lsf cnfjf s/lxof / v8jf jgufO{ ;xsf/L ;+:yf dlxnfnfO{ g} ;~rfns / u|fdL0f dlxnfnfO{ g} s]Gb|laGb' dflgPsf ;xsf/L x'g\ . tLdWo] z+s/gu/ ;xsf/L s[lif ljsf; a}+saf6 x:tfGtl/t ;+:yf xf] . To:t} s/lxof ;xsf/L cfgGbjgaf6 / v8jfjgufO{ ;xsf/L ;]dnf/af6 cg'z/0f sfo{qmddfkm{t cnu eO{ ;~rflnt ;xsf/L x'g\ .

cfgGbjg ;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 klxnf]k6s cg'z/0f sfo{qmddfkm{t !$ nfv ?k}ofF C0f;lxt cnu ePsf] s/lxof ;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/Ln] cfkm\gf sfo{qmdx¿ dlxnfk|lt g} nlIft u/]sf] 5 . of] ;+:yfdf klg ;~rfnsb]lv artstf{ ;b:o;Dd dlxnf g} /x]sf 5g\ . s/lxof ;xsf/LsL sf]iffWoIf kf}8]n elG5g\, æ;'?df logLx¿n] sfd ug{ ;Sb}gg\ eg]/ w]/} k'?ifn] x]k]sf lyP t/ gcflQOsg dlxnfsf

kIfdf sfd u¥of}+, clxn] t v'a /fd|f] 5 .Æ ;+:yfdfkm{t C0f lnP/ ls/fgf Joj;fo

;~rfng u/]sL dl0fu|fdsL s]z/L Gof}kfg] dlxnfn] ;~rfng u/]sf] ;xsf/Laf6 dlxnfn] a9LeGbf a9L kmfObf lng ;Sg] atfpFl5g\ . pgL elG5g\, æo:tf ;xsf/Ldf xfdL v'n]/ cfkm"nfO{ cfjZos k/]sf] s'/f /fVg ;S5f}+, ;d:of atfpg klg ;lhnf] x'G5 .Æ

dlxnfsf] lxtdf sfd ug{ ;~rfng ePsf o:tf ;xsf/Ln] art / C0f nufgL dfq u/]sf 5}gg\ . dlxnfsf nflu r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd / ;fdflhs sfd;d]t u/]sf 5g\ . s/lxof ;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/LsL lzjf kf}8]nsf cg';f/ ;+:yfn] ;d'bfod} uP/ ljljw r]tgfd"ns sfd ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . Zf+s/gu/ ;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/Ln] klg vfg]kfgL 6+sL, ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno, sNe6{ lgdf{0fh:tf sfdx¿ u/]sf] 5 . To:t} ;+:yfn] ljkGg ;b:ox¿sf] kl/jf/dWo]af6 PshgfnfO{ lgMz'Ns cWoogsf] Joj:yf;d]t ldnfPsf] 5 .

���

;~rfl/sf n]vdfnf÷;~rfl/sf ;d"x

n's]sf] kL8f Û ue{jtL / ;'Ts]/L x'Fbf ux|f}+ sfd ug{'kg]{, ;'Ts]/L cj:yfdf :ofxf/ gk'Ug], kf]lifnf] vfg]s'/f vfg gkfpg] / pd]/} gk'uL cfdf aGg'kg]{ cj:yfsf dlxnfx¿ cfª -kf7]3/_ v:g] ;d:ofaf6 a9L kLl8t 5g\ . pkrf/ gu/] Hofg} hfg] vt/f, To;dfly nf]Ug]n] ;f}tf xfNg] jf ;DaGwljR5]b ug]{ 8/ af]s]/ a;]sf dlxnfx¿sf] n's]sf] kL8f ;dfhn] clnslt klg dx;'; u/]sf] 5}g .

zf]ef /]UdL

;'v]{t÷;'v]{t u'dLsL b'uf{ s7fot ev{/ ( lbgsL ;'Ts]/L lyOg\, /fd|f];Fu lxF88'n ug{;Sg] cj:yf klg lyPg . ;'Ts]/L ePfn] z/L/ sdhf]/ lyof] . ;'Ts]/Ln] sdhf]/ ag]sL >LdtLnfO{ cf/fd / kf]lifnf] vfg]s'/f rflxG5 eGg] ;f]Rg'sf] ;f6f] pgsf nf]Ug]n] wDSofpFb} t'?Gt v]tdf sfd ug{ hfg' cfb]z lbP– æ;'tL;'tL vfg kfOFb}g, uxF' sf6\g hfg] eP hf gq of] xFl;ofn] tnfO{+ g} sfl6lbG5' .Æ

!* jifL{of b'uf{sf] cufl8 nf]Ug]sf] cfb]z lz/f]k/ ug'{sf] ljsNk lyPg . To;}n] ;/f;/ v]tdf uOg\ . t/, @& r}t @)%) sf] Tof] lbg pgsf] hLjgdf …sfnf] lbgÚ ag]/ cfof] . ;'Ts]/L a]nfdf cf/fd gu/L ufx|f] sfddf v6]kl5 pgsf] kf7]3/ v:of] / ToxL kL8f pgL clxn];Dd ef]Ub}l5g\ .

k};f sdfpg ef/t uPsf nf]Ug] kmls{g] af6f] x]/]/ a;]sL ;'v]{t u'dLs} /fdsnL ;'gf/n] c;f]h

10

@)%( df Pp6f lr7L kfOg\ . To;df n]lvPsf] lyof] æltdLn] 3/ g5f]8];Dd d kms]{/ cfpFlbgF .Æ nf]Ug] kmsL{ cfpg] lbg uGb} a;]sL /fdsnLn] bz}+sf] d'vdf o:tf] b'ef{Uok"0f{ va/ ;'Gg'sf] sf/0f lyof], pgsf] kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:of . ;'Ts]/L x'Fbf ufx|f] sfd u/]sfn] pgnfO{ kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:of cfOnfu]sf] lyof] . To;}nfO{ lgx'F agfO{ nf]Ug] ef/tlt/ nfu]sf lyP / hfg'cl3 pgnfO{ ;DaGwljR5]bsf nflu bafa lbPsf lyP . pgL elG5g\, æTo;kl5 d]/f] hLjgdf v';Lsf] lbg slxNo} cfPg .Æ

…cfª v:g]Ú /f]usf gfdn] lrlgg] kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:ofn] kLl8t b'uf{ / /fdsnL dfq} xf]Og, o:tf dlxnf 3/3/df 5g\, hf] d'l:snn] afFRg afWo 5g\ . z/L/n] ef]u]sf] kL8f t 5Fb}5, kl/jf/af6 kfpg] oftgf / b'Jo{jxf/ emg} bb{gfs 5 . t/, pgLx¿sf kL8f / Joyf ;'lglbg] sf]xL 5}g . xf]pmg\ klg s;/L, hLjge/ ;fy lbg] s;d vfPsf nf]Ug];d]t zq' ag]kl5 c¿ s;n] kL8f a'lemb]cf];\ . b'uf{ elG5g\, æpkrf/ u/] lgsf] x'GYof] xf]nf, t/ o:tf] eP klg cf}iflwd"nf] u/ eGg] klg sf]xL 5}g .Æ

;'Ts]/L tyf ue{jtL cj:yfdf w]/} ufx|f] sfd ug]{, ux'|Fuf] ef/L af]Sg], vfglkgdf Vofn

gk'¥ofpg], pd]/ gk'Ub} aRrf hGdfpg], c;'/lIft ;'Ts]/L u/fpg]h:tf sf/0fn] w]/} dlxnfdf of] /f]u b]vfk5{ . ;'v]{tsf !) u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ;~rfng u/]sf] kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:of;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmdn] jL/]Gb|gu/ gu/kflnsf / !$ ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf u/]sf] cWoogdf ! xhf/ kfFr ;o @% dlxnfsf] kf7]3/ v;]sf] e]l6Psf] lyof] . tLdWo] * ;ohgf tTsfn ck|];g ug'{kg]{ cj:yfsf lyP . c:ktfndf cfpg] la/fdLx¿df klg kf7]3/ v:g] dlxnfsf] ;ª\Vof cTolws b]lvPsf] 5 . ;'v]{t lhNnf c:ktfnsf] tYofª\scg';f/ ljut b'O{ jif{df c:ktfn cfpg] dlxnfdWo] sl/a $ xhf/ kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:of lnP/ cfPsf lyP .

5fk|] a'9fvfnLsL %% jifL{of kaL

nfld5fg] @# jif{b]lv cfª v:g]

;d:ofaf6 kLl8t l5g\ . ;'Ts]/L x'Fbf

/fd|f] :ofxf/ gkfPkl5 pgnfO{ of]

;d:ofn] ufFHof] . ;'Ts]/Ldf /fd|f]

:ofxf/ gx'Fbf hlGdPsf !@ dWo] !!

;Gtfg u'd] . pgL uxel/ cfF;' kfb}{

kL8f ;'gfpFl5g\, ænf]Ug]dfG5]n] 3/sf]

sfd ub}{gg\, ;'Ts]/L eP klg xfdLn]

g} ug'{k5{, clg cfª v:5 .Æ

t/ of] g} oyfy{ tYofª\s xf]Og . w]/}n] of] kL8f vf]Ng rfxFb}gg\ . hlt g} kL8f ef]Ug'k/] klg pgLx¿ o;af/] c¿nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg rfxGgg\ / dgleq} n'sfP/ a:5g\ . hgr]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmd ;+of]hs ;+:yf blnt kLl8t dlxnf sNof0f ;dfhsL efg' >]i7sf] egfOdf w]/} dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] ;d:of n'sfpg] ePsfn] kLl8tsf] ;ª\Vof ce}m a9L x'g ;S5 .

5fk|] a'9fvfnLsL %% jifL{of kaL nfld5fg] @# jif{b]lv cfª v:g] ;d:ofaf6 kLl8t l5g\ . ;'Ts]/L x'Fbf /fd|f] :ofxf/ gkfPkl5 pgnfO{ of] ;d:ofn] ufFHof] . ;'Ts]/Ldf /fd|f] :ofxf/ gx'Fbf hlGdPsf !@ dWo] !! ;Gtfg u'd] . pgL uxel/ cfF;' kfb}{ kL8f ;'gfpFl5g\, ænf]Ug]dfG5]n] 3/sf] sfd ub}{gg\, ;'Ts]/L eP klg xfdLn] g} ug'{k5{, clg cfª v:5 .Æ

pQ/uª\ufsL ;Tob]jL kf08]sf] Joyf of]eGbf km/s 5}g . !& jif{s} pd]/df pgL cfdf algg\ . pd]/ gk'Ub} aRrf hGdfPsfn] To;} jif{ pgsf] cfª v:of] . nf]Ug]n] yfxf kfP csf]{ cgy{ xf]nf eGg] 8/n] nf]Ug]nfO{ ;d]t yfxf glbP/ 3/]n' cf}iflw ul/g\, t/ s]xL ePg . sfdsf] af]em g36\bf ;d:of emg\ alNemof] . jL/]Gb|gu/af6 rfdnsf] af]/f af]s]/ 3/lt/ hfFb} u/]sf] cj:yfdf e]l6PsL pgn] elgg\, æcfª v;]/ lb;f, lk;fa;d]t ug{ ;lsFb}g, t/ lk7\oF"sf] ef/L slxNo} x6]g .Æ

11

;d:ofsf] sf/0f of] dfq xf]Og, ;'Ts]/L cj:yfdf hah{:tL zf/Ll/s ;Dks{ /fVg vf]Hg] nf]Ug]sf sf/0f klg w]/} dlxnf cfª v:g] ;d:ofn] u|:t 5g\ . ;'Ts]/L ePsf] !) lbgdf nf]Ug]sf] hah{:tLsf sf/0f kf7]3/ v;]sf] lyof] aflaofrf}/sL e"ld;/fsf] . æzf/Ll/s ;DaGw /fVg kf7]3/ tfg]kl5 P]of klg eGg g;sL d"R5f{ ky]{+ . kL8f ;xg g;s]/ dfOt uP/ a;]+,Æ Ps 5f]/fsL cfdf e"ld;/f kL8f ;'gfpFl5g\, æ;'v]{tdf Ps jif{cl3 ;~rflnt lzlj/df kf7]3/ kmfn]+, clxn] ;lhnf] t 5 t/ nf]Ug]sf] 3/ kms]{sL 5}g, km]l/ ToxL kL8fn] em:sfpF5 .Æ

k};f sdfpg ef/t uPsf nf]Ug]

kmls{g] af6f] x]/]/ a;]sL ;'v]{t u'dLs}

/fdsnL ;'gf/n] c;f]h @)%( df

Pp6f lr7L kfOg\ . To;df n]lvPsf]

lyof] æltdLn] 3/ g5f]8];Dd d kms]{/

cfpFlbgF .Æ nf]Ug] kmsL{ cfpg] lbg uGb}

a;]sL /fdsnLn] bz}+sf] d'vdf o:tf]

b'ef{Uok"0f{ va/ ;'Gg'sf] sf/0f lyof],

pgsf] kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:of . cfª v:g] ;d:ofn] tTsfn Hofg} hfFb}g t/

Tof] hLjg clt g} kL8fbfoL x'g] u5{ . ;'v]{t s'gfy/LsL cd[tf g]kfnL elG5g\, æv'gsf wf/f aUy], ;lsg;sL d]nfkft ug}{kYof]{, o:tf] la/fd t zq'nfO{ klg gxf];\ .Æ pgn] ev{/ ck|];g u/L of] kL8f sd u/]sL l5g\ .

cfª v:bf z/L/n] ef]Ug] kL8f t 5Fb}5, nf]Ug] / kl/jf/af6 kfpg] dfgl;s kL8f emg} bb{gfs 5 . nf]Ug]n] …s7}Ú eg]/ pkrf/ ug'{sf] ;f6f] ;f}tf xfNg], ;DaGwljR5]b u/]sf pbfx/0f w]/} 5g\ . u'dLsL /fdsnLn] b'Mv];f] ;'gfOg\, æp;s} sf/0fn] cfª v:of], clxn] p;}n] 3/af6 lg:sL eG5 .Æ ;f6fvfgLsL pdf cfrfo{n] ;f}tf ;xg'k/]sf] 5 . elG5g\, æ;DaGwljR5]bsf] sfuhdf ;xL ug{ eg]sf lyP, d}n] a? ;f}tf xfn 5'l§Gg egF] .Æ

cfª vl;;s]kl5 kL8faf6 d'lQm kfpg kf7]3/sf] ck|];gafx]s c¿ pkfo 5}g . t/, ck|];g u/]kl5 cfdf aGg g;Sg] ePkl5 nf]Ug]n] csf]{ lax] jf ;DaGwljR5]b u5{g\ . nf]Ug]sf] oftgf vKg g;sL kf7]3/ v;]sf] # jif{kl5 dfOtLdf a;]sL b'O{ 5f]/LsL cfdf b'uf{n] ck|];g ug{ w]/}k6s k|of; ubf{ klg nf]Ug]sf] ;xof]u kfOgg\ . elG5g\, æ:ofxf/ ub}{gg\, 5f]/f rflxof] klg eG5g\, ck|];g u/] t dfl/xfN5g\ lg .Æ

sf]v afFemf] eP klg c;x\o kL8faf6 5'6sf/f kfOg] cfzn] ;DaGwljR5]bsf] hf]lvd df]n]/ ck|];g ug]{sf] ;ª\Vof klg sd 5}g . lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no k|d'v 8f= Gx'R5]dfg 8ª\uf]n @

jif{df Ps xhf/ dlxnfsf] ck|];g ul/Psf] atfpF5g\ . !* jif{sf] pd]/d} sf]v afFemf] kf/]sL ;fnsf]6sL hfgsL /fDhfnL elG5g\, æHofg} g/xg] ePkl5 ck|];g u/]+ .Æ

t/, dlxnfsf] olt 7"nf] kL8fdf ;/sf/ r'krfk 5 . cfª v:g] ;d:ofaf6 kLl8t slt 5g\ eGg] tYofª\s ;/sf/;Fu 5}g . # jif{cl3 /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]un] sf/fuf/x¿sf] cWoog ubf{{ @) k|ltztdf of] ;d:of e]l6Psf] lyof] . ;'v]{tdf ul/Psf] cWoogdf Pp6} uflj;sf @& ;'8]gL, tflndk|fKt :jf:Yo :jod\;]ljsfdWo] !$ hgf cfkm+}n] of] ;d:of af]s]sf lyP . of] cf+s8fn] ;fdfGo hLjgofkg ul//x]sf c¿ dlxnfsf] cj:yf ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

;d:of;Fu h'Wg lhNnfdf ul7t dlxnf k|hgg :jf:Yo tyf kf7]3/ ;'wf/ ;ldltsf ;b:o a'l4k|;fb ;fksf]6f eG5g\, ædlxnfnfO{ d[To'eGbf s7f]/ kL8f lbg] ;d:of tx nfpg ;/sf/n] k|efjsf/L sfo{qmd nfu" ug'{k5{ .Æ t/ g ;/sf/n] o;af/]df ulxl/P/ ;f]r]sf] 5 g t u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 g} kf7]3/ v:g] dlxnfsf] kL8f a'em\g] k|of; ePsf] 5 .

���

;~rfl/sf n]vdfnf÷;~rfl/sf ;d"x

12

cfdfx¿n] lrgfP ufpF cj;/ kfP cfdfx¿n] s] ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . :ofª\hf l;?af/Lsf cfdfx¿n] Pp6f ufpFnfO{ g} ko{6ssf nflu cfsif{s agfP/ ufpFsf] ;fdflhs–cfly{s pGglt u/]sf 5g\ .

ejfgL clwsf/L

:ofª\hf÷Psbzs nfdf] åGå ;dfKt ePsf] 3f]if0ff x'Fbf :ofª\hf l;?af/LsL eLds'df/L u'?ª w]/} v'zL eOg\ . l;?af/Ldf cfGtl/s åGås} sf/0f ko{6g Joj;fo ;'s]sf] lyof] . ko{6g Joj;fo km:6fpg] cfzfdf eLds'df/Lh:tf w]/} ufpFn]sf] d'xf/df v'zL 5fPsf] 5 clxn] .

ko{6ssf nflu gfd rn]sf xf]6n oxfF

5}gg\ . t/ klg vfg / a:gsf nflu

eg] s'g} c;'ljwf 5}g . 3/lkR5]

;'ljwf;DkGg zf}rfno 5g\ . ;kmf /

z'4 vfg]kfgL klg ufpFdf pknAw 5 .

;a} 3/ ko{6ssf nflu pko'Qm 5g\ .

ko{6snfO{ …k]OluªÚ u]i6sf] ¿kdf

/flvG5 . k|To]ssf] 3/df @ hgf

ko{6s a:g ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf]

5 . ko{6s /fVg] 3/ ufpFdf %) 5g\ .

…ca t of] ufpF rDsg] eof]Ú eLds'df/Ln] elgg\, æko{6s gxF'bf sfd g} lyPg, ca t km';{b gx'g] ef] .Æ b]z–ljb]zdf u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] ¿kdf cfsif{0f aGb} lyof] l;?af/L . ufpFdf ko{6g ;'g;fg x'Fbf klg cfdf ;d"x zflGtsf] cfzf 5b}{ al;/x] . cfkm}+n] agfPsf] of] ko{6g Onfsfaf6 pgLx¿ lj:yflkt x'g rfx]gg\ .

dfcf]jfbL åGåsf sf/0f oxfFsf k'?ifx¿ w]/} ljb]z knfog eP . ljb]z hfg g;Sg] ;'/Iff vf]Hb} ;x/lt/ em/] . t/ oxfFsf cfdfx¿ ;d"xdf ;ª\ul7t eP/ a;] . pgLx¿n] ufpF klg 5f]8]gg\ . cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/L / ufpFn]sf kl5 klg nfu]gg\ . ufpFsf] ljsf;sf nflu lg8/ eP/ h'l6/x] . æca t ufpFaf6 efu]sfnfO{ klg oxLF NofP/ ko{6g ljsf;df nufpg] xf],Æ xf}l;+b} pgn] elgg\, æxfd|f nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;DklQ g} zflGt xf] .Æ

l;?af/LnfO{ clxn] g]kfnleq dfq} geP/ ;+;f/sf w]/} dflg;n] lrG5g\ . lrGg] cfwf/ eg]sf] oxfFsf] u|fdL0f ko{6g xf] . s'g}a]nf cgsG6f/ nfUg] hf]sf]xLsf nflu clxn] oxL ufpF 3'Dg w]/} ko{6s v'zL dfG5g\ .

l;?af/LnfO{ ;+;f/e/ lrgfpg] sfd cfdfx¿n] u/]sf x'g\ . cfkm" hGd]sf] ynf]nfO{ pgLx¿n] dfof dfq} u/]gg\, ;+;f/sf dflg;sf] cfFvfdf k'¥ofpg] sfd;d]t u/] . l;?af/L :ofª\hfsf] k~rd'n uflj;–$ df kb{5 . cfdf ;d"xsf] lg/Gt/ k|of;s} sf/0f ;/sf/n] )%$ ;fndf o;nfO{ …u|fdL0f ko{6g s]Gb|Ú 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] 5 .

To;kl5 xf}l;Psf cfdfx¿n] o;nfO{ ;fFRr}sf] gd'gf agfpg] sfd u/] . b]zsf] 3'Dg nfosdWo]sf] pTs[i6 u|fdL0f ko{6g s]Gb| aGg k'Uof], clxn] .

l;?af/L ufpFdf em'?Kk k/]sf] u'?ª a:tL 5 . o;nfO{ u|fdL0f ko{6g s]Gb| agfpg] ;f]r / sfd klg oxfFs} cfdfx¿n] g} u/]sf x'g\ . æxfdLn] w]/} ;dob]lv l;?af/Ldf ko{6s Nofpg vf]lh/x]sf xf}+, clxn] ;kmn ePsf 5f+},Æ v';Ln] xf}l;+b} cfdf ;d"xsL tLy{s'df/L u'?ªn] elgg\, æclxn] t w]/} cfzf knfPsf] 5 .Æ

cu'jfx¿n] sf]l/lbPsf] of]hgf k5\ofpFb} nfUbf pgLx¿ ufpFs} pbfx/0fLo dlxnf aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . ufpFn] b]z–ljb]zdf rrf{ kfpg yfNof] . clxn] of] ufpFdf cfpg] ko{6snfO{ pgLx¿ v'l;;fy :jfut u5{g\ . cfkm\gf nfx'/] klt;Fu b]z–ljb]z 3'Dbf ;ª\ufn]sf] cg'ejn] pgLx¿nfO{

13

klg s]xL u/f}+–u/f}+ eGg] efjgf cfof] . ko{6sLo s]Gb| agfpg pgLx¿ h'6]sf x'g\ . …clxn] cfpFbf xfdLx¿nfO{ bª\u nfU5Ú bz jif{cl3sf] l;?jf/L ;DemFb} tLy{s'df/L elG5g\, æca l;?af/Ldf g]kfnLn] dfq} xf]Og, ljb]zL klg ;Dem]/ cfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .Æ of] ufpF k|fs[lts ;Fu;Fu} P]ltxfl;s / k'/ftflTjs lx;fan] TolQs} dxTj af]s]sf] 5 .

To;kl5 xf}l;Psf cfdfx¿n]

o;nfO{ ;fFRr}sf] gd'gf agfpg] sfd

u/] . b]zsf] 3'Dg nfosdWo]sf] pTs[i6

u|fdL0f ko{6g s]Gb| aGg k'Uof], clxn] .

l;?af/L ufpFdf em'?Kk k/]sf] u'?ª

a:tL 5 . o;nfO{ u|fdL0f ko{6g s]Gb|

agfpg] ;f]r / sfd klg oxfFs}

cfdfx¿n] g} u/]sf x'g\ . æxfdLn] w]/}

;dob]lv l;?af/Ldf ko{6s Nofpg

vf]lh/x]sf xf}+, clxn] ;kmn ePsf 5f+},Æ

v';Ln] xf}l;+b} cfdf ;d"xsL

tLy{s'df/L u'?ªn] elgg\, æclxn] t w]/}

cfzf knfPsf] 5 .Æ

l;?af/L k'Ug] klxnf] ko{6s c:6«]lnofsf u|fdL0f ko{6s 8f= 6f]gL kf/f x'g\ . dlxnfx¿n] u/]sf] sfd b]v]/ g} ufpFsf cu'jf tyf k"j{;f+;b ?b|dfg u'?ªn] kf/fnfO{ l;?af/L nu]sf lyP . ko{6g sfof{no kf]v/fsf tTsfnLg k|d'v kbdaxfb'/ s];L / 6f]gLn] l;?af/LnfO{ u|fdL0f ko{6ssf] vfsf agfP . h;nfO{ k5\ofpFb} dlxnfx¿ cl3 a9] . pgLx¿sf] sfd / nugzLntfaf6 ;/sf/n] u|fdL0f ko{6g s]Gb| 3f]if0ff u¥of] of] ufpFnfO{ . …ko{6ssf] s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ tLg jif{ nfUof]Ú ljut ;Demb} cu'jf dlxnf eLds'df/L u'?ª elG5g\, ælg/Gt/ k|of; / d]xgtkl5 xfdLn] pg]sf] ;kgf k"/f ePsf] 5 .Æ

ko{6ssf nflu gfd rn]sf xf]6n oxfF 5}gg\ . t/ klg vfg / a:gsf nflu eg] s'g} c;'ljwf 5}g . 3/lkR5] ;'ljwf;DkGg zf}rfno 5g\ . ;kmf / z'4 vfg]kfgL klg ufpFdf pknAw 5 . ;a} 3/ ko{6ssf nflu pko'Qm 5g\ . ko{6snfO{ …k]OluªÚ u]i6sf] ¿kdf /flvG5 . k|To]ssf] 3/df @ hgf ko{6s a:g ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . ko{6s /fVg] 3/ ufpFdf %) 5g\ . oxf+F cfpg] ko{6snfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ SofK6]g xs{axfb'/ u'?ªsf] cWoIftfdf ufpF ko{6g ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 .

ko{6ssf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDdf ;ldltnfO{ x'G5 . ko{6snfO{ k~rd"n u]6df gf}dtL afhf;lxt km"ndfnfn] :jfut ub}{ l;?af/L leq\ofOG5 . cfnf]kfnf]cg';f/ 3/df nluG5 . 3/df uPkl5 ko{6snfO{ /fd|f] cflyTodf /fVg] lhDdf 3/wgLsf] x'G5 . ko{6ssf] dgf]/~hgsf nflu ;fFemdf gfrufg sfo{qmd x'G5 .

ljb]zL dlxnf ko{6s ePdf g]kfnL kf]zfs tyf uxgf nufP/ gfRg nufOG5 . dlxnfx¿n] cfkm\gf] lgodcg';f/ 3fF6', s';'08f, ;tL, af/df;], ;f]/7L,

s[i0f rl/qh:tf gfrx¿ b]vfpF5g\ . o;f] ubf{ g]kfnsf] e]ife"iff / ;+:s[ltaf/] ljb]zdf ;d]t hfgsf/L k'Ug] u/]sf] atfpFl5g\ :yfgLo lji0f's'df/L u'?ª . æ/fhwfgLsf tf/] xf]6ndf eGbf ufpFsf em'k8Ldf a:g / vfg ?rfpF5g\ ljb]zL ko{6s,Æ lji0f's'df/L elG5g\, æcem oxfFsf] Gofgf] cfltYotfaf6 ko{6s k|efljt x'G5g\ .Æ

pgsf cg';f/ ko{6ssf] lhDdf lnPsf] 3/sf u[lx0fLn] ko{6ssf] OR5fcg';f/ g} vfg agfP/ v'jfpg'k5{ . bfn, eft, l9+8f], s'v'/fsf] df;', e'6]sf] ds}, sf]bf]sf] nf]sn /S;L, b"w, bxL, dxL tyf xl/of] t/sf/L v'jfpg] ul/G5 . æufpFsf] vfgf klg lgs} :jfb dfgLdfgL vfG5g\,Æ :yfgLo h'daxfb'/ u'?ª dlxnfx¿sf] c7f]6 / ;fx; b]v]/ bª\u x'Fb} eG5g\, æof] ;a} cfdfx¿sf] b]g xf] .Æ

ko{6ssf] lxdlrdsf sf/0f u[lx0fLx¿n] cª\u|]hL efiff;d]t a'em\g yfn]sf 5g\ . oxfFsf clwsf+z dlxnf lg/If/ 5g\ . t/ ko{6ssf] ;ª\uts} sf/0f cª\u|]hL a'em\g / af]Ng yfn]sf] atfpFl5g\ dLgfs'df/L u'?ª . æa:g]nfO{ l;6, lrofnfO{ l6, vfgfnfO{ a]|skmf:6 / /fd|f]nfO{

14

lao'6LKfm"n h:tf zAb ca t a'em\g] dfq} xf]Og, af]Ng;d]t yflnof],Æ pgL elG5g\, æo;n] aflx/sf] s'/f klg yfx kfpg cj;/ ldn]sf] 5 .Æ

ufpF klg lrl6Ss 5 . x/]s lbg ;kmf ;'£3/df Wofg lbG5g\ . af]Ng nhfpg] dlxnfx¿ cfhef]ln ws gdfgL af]N5g\ . lgod olt s8f 5 ls kfx'gf ;Tsf/ ug{ ghfGg] / kfx'gfsf] OR5fcg';f/ vfgf v'jfpg ghfGg]nfO{ kfx'gf /fVg lbOFb}g . ækrf; jif{df gePsf] ;'wf/ !) jif{df ePsf] 5,Æ eLds'df/Ln] elgg\, ædlxnfx¿n] u/] eg] ;dfh dfq} xf]Og, b]z klg agfpg ;S5g\ eGg] of] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf] .Æ

ko{6ssf] rxnkxn a9]kl5 pgLx¿n] x:tsnfnfO{ klg cl3 a9fP . ;fy} :yfgLo sRrfkbfYf{df cfwfl/t ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]ux¿;d]t ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . sf7 tyf wft'sf ;fdfg, afF;, lgufnf] / df6fsf cfsif{s ;fdfg, sk8f tyf pmgLsf 6f]kL, emf]nf, :jL6/, g]kfnL sfuhaf6 agfOPsf 8fo/Lx¿ pTkfbg u5{g\ . ko{6sn] l;?af/Lsf] sf];]nL eGb} To:tf ;fdfg vl/b u5{g\ .

l;?af/Lsf] ljsf; b]Vbf ufpFsL cu'jf tLy{s'df/L 8f= 6f]gLnfO{ la;{g ;lSbgg\ . pgL elG5g\, æ8f= 6f]gL kf/n] u/]sf] ;xof]u xfdLn] slxNo} e'Ng] 5}gf}+ .Æ pgn] /fhwfgLsf ko{6s cf];fg]{ 6«fen Ph]G;L, 6«]lsª Ph]G;L / ko{6g af]8{;Fu ;dGjo u/L klxnf] jif{ hfkfg, a]lNhod, :jL8]g, ga]{, hd{g, cd]l/sf / a]nfotsf u/L @ ;oeGbf a9L ko{6s l;?af/L psfn] . h;sf] k|rf/k|;f/n] cfh l;?af/Lsf] gfd ljb]zdf klg rlr{t 5 .

l;?af/L klxnf] u|fdL0f ko{6g s]Gb| 3f]lift ePkl5 5f]6f] ;dod} o;n] ko{6g ljsf;sf] If]qdf pNn]Vo sfd u/]afkt kf6f k'/:sf/ klg kfof] . To:t} dlxnfx¿n] ;+/If0f u/]sf] ;fd'bflos jgn] /fli6«o :t/sf] k'/:sf/ kfof] . oL b'j} k'/:sf/af6 pT;flxt oxfFsf dlxnfx¿n] l;?af/Lsf] ko{6g ljsf;df cf;nfUbf] eljio b]v]sf 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿ kfsf pd]/b]lv o'jfo'jtL;DdnfO{ ko{6g ljsf;df xf};fpg yfn]sf 5g\ .

æl;?af/Lsf] kl/jt{gdf cfdfx¿s} of]ubfg xf],Æ k"j{;f+;b ?b|dfg u'?ª eG5g\, æcfdfx¿n] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgn] g} cfh ;+;f/df l;?af/Lsf] gfd rn]sf] 5 .Æ ko{6ssf nflu vfgf ksfpg pgLx¿n] tLg dlxgfsf] tflnd;d]t ufpFdf g} lnPsf lyP . æko{6sn] s] ?rfpF5 / s] ubf{ logLx¿ v';L x'G5g\ eGg] s'/f cfdfx¿n] hfg]sf 5g\Æ ?b|dfg eG5g\, æToxLcg'¿k Jojxf/ / lgodsf] kfngf klg u/]sf 5g\ .Æ

l;?af/LnfO{ cfh;Dd Nofpg]df l;4fy{ / a'4zflGt cfdf kl/jf/ cu|;/ 5g\ . ko{6s dfq} geO{ jftfj/0f / jgk}bfj/df klg pgLx¿n] 86]/ sfd u/]sf 5g\ . To;}sf] kmn:j¿k )^! df a'4 cfdf kl/jf/n] …kj{tLo ljsf; k'/:sf/Ú ;d]t kfof] . ædlxnfx¿n] u/]sf] sfd d'n'ss} nflu lzIff xf],Æ ?b|dfg eG5g\, ædlxnfx¿ lbg/ft o;/L gvl6Psf] eP cfh l;?af/L phf8 ufpFdf ;Lldt x'GYof] xf]nf .Æ

���

;~rfl/sf n]vdfnf÷;~rfl/sf ;d"x

15

dlxnf b'Jo{;gL nfu"kbfy{sf] s'ntdf km:g] dlxnfx¿ k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf a9L hf]lvddf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ ;dfhaf6 dfq} xf]Og, cfkm\g} 3/kl/jf/af6 klg 3[0ff / lt/:sf/sf] lzsf/ ag]sf 5g\ . ;fdflhs kl/j]z, ;ª\ut;Fu} dlxnf b'Jo{;gL a9\g'sf] sf/0f cfdfafa'sf] a]jf:tf klg xf] eGg] sf/0f vf]Hg w/fg uP b]lvG5 .

lglnkmf ;'Aaf

w/fg÷3/df cefj s]xL s'/fsf] lyPg . dfof

ug]{ nf]Ug] lyP, ;'vL kl/jf/ lyof] . t/ clxn] s]xL 5}g, g nf]Ug] 5g\ g 3/kl/jf/ 5 . pgL cfkm\g} sf/0fn] 3/ g 3f6sf] ePsL l5g\ . h;f]t;f] afFr]sL t l5g\ t/, afFRg'sf] cy{ pg}nfO{ yfxf 5}g .

nxnx}df nfu"kbfy{ ;]jg ug{ yfNbfsf]

kl/0ffd pgn] hLjgdf olt dxFuf]

;hfo ef]Ug'k¥of] . lxhf] dfof ug]{

kl/jf/n] pgnfO{ 3[0ff / lt/:sf/ dfq

u5{ . ;dfhsf] lt/:sf/ t emg} a9L

5 . kl/jf/sf] dfofdf 56\k6fO/x]sL

pgn] ca Tof] dfof kfPsL 5}gg\ .

æca t d of] ;+;f/df PSn} 5', d]/f]

sf]xL /x]g5 h:tf] nfU5Æ cfFvfaf6

v:b} u/]sf cfF;' k'5\b}

sdnf elG5g\ .

w/fgsL @# jifL{of sdnf /fO{ -gfd kl/jt{g_ sf] hLjg s;/L etfe'ª\u eof] pgL cfkm+}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . cfkm\g} dg;Fu k|Zg ul5{g\ t/ hjfkm kfpFlbgg\ . sf/0f h];'s} xf];\ t/ pgsf] hLjg etfe'ª\u agfof], nfu"kbfy{sf] b'Jo{;gn] . yfx} gkfO{ nfu]sf] nfu"kbfy{ cyf{t\ b'Jo{;gsf] ntn] pgnfO{ gf/sLo hLjgdf k'¥ofOlbPsf] 5 . ca pgL g k'/fgf] hLjgdf kmls{g ;lS5g\ g olQs} /lx/xg . a]nfa]nfdf cfkm"n] uNtL u/]sf] dx;'; x'Fbf emg} kL8f ylkG5 pgdf . elG5g\, æd s;/L of] gs{df km;]+, ca s;/L lg:sg] xf]nf oxfFaf6 < Æ

nxnx}df nfu"kbfy{ ;]jg ug{ yfNbfsf] kl/0ffd pgn] hLjgdf olt dxFuf] ;hfo ef]Ug'k¥of] . lxhf] dfof ug]{ kl/jf/n] pgnfO{ 3[0ff / lt/:sf/ dfq u5{ . ;dfhsf] lt/:sf/ t emg} a9L 5 . kl/jf/sf] dfofdf 56\k6fO/x]sL pgn] ca Tof] dfof kfPsL 5}gg\ . æca t d of] ;+;f/df PSn} 5', d]/f] sf]xL /x]g5 h:tf] nfU5Æ cfFvfaf6 v:b} u/]sf cfF;' k'5\b} sdnf elG5g\, æclxn] dnfO{ s;}n] dfof ub}{g, d of] s'ntaf6 aRg rfxG5', km]l/ ToxL kl/jf/;Fu a:g dg 5 .

s;}n] ;Sg'x'G5 eg] dnfO{ of] gs{af6 lgsfNg';\ .Æ

nfu"kbfy{sf] b'Jo{;gdf km:g'x'Fb}g eGg] pgnfO{ /fd|f];Fu yfxf lyof] . c¿ To;/L km;]sf] cfkm+}n] b]v]sL klg lyOg\ . t/ pgL cfkm+} eg] s;/L km:g k'lug\, yfxf 5}g . 3/kl/jf/ / ;dfhaf6 lt/:s[t ePkl5 ToxL s'nt g} clxn] pgsf] ;fyL ag]sf] 5 . elG5g\, æca t b'Mv la;{g g;fsf] ;]jg u5'{ . cfh g;f d]/f nflu

16

;'vb'Mvsf] ;fyL ePsf] 5 . lbgrof{ g;fsf] vf]hLd} laT5, laxfg p7]b]lv 8«U;sf] vf]hLdf lg:sG5' .Æ 8«U;sf] vf]hLdf b'Jo{;gL s]6fx¿;Fu} pgsf] a9L ;ª\ut x'g]u5{ .

nfu"cf}ifw geOgx'g] nt a;]sf] lyof],

lagf /fO{sf] . 3/fo;L tgfjn] Ps

jif{b]lv nuftf/ nfu"cf}ifw ;]jg ub}{

cfO/x]sL lagfn] 3/sf] tgfj sd

ePkl5 cfkm}+ nt 5fl8g\ . rfx]df

5f]8\g ;lsG5 eGg] cfTdljZjf;

pgdf 5 . t/ pgsf] kl/jf/nfO{ eg]

pgL b'Jo{;gL ePsf] yfxf lyPg .

t/, PskN6 ntdf km;]/ pDs]sf

dlxnfx¿ g;s]/ km]l/ b'Jo{;gsf]

lzsf/ ag]sf pbfx/0f klg 5g\ .

w/fgsL ;Demgf /fO{

ltg}dWo] Ps x'g\ .

yfx} gkfO{ nfu"kbfy{sf] s'ntdf km;]sL sdnf dfq} xf]Ogg\, w/fgdf o:tf b'Jo{;gL dlxnf w]/} 5g\ . ltg}dWo] Ps x'g\ @^ jifL{of ladnf lnDa" -gfd kl/jt{g_ . nf]Ug] b'Jo{;gL ePsfn] nf]Ug]nfO{ 5'6fpg k|of; ubf{ub}{ pgL cfkm}+ nfu"kbfy{sf] s'ntdf kml;g\ . nf]Ug]:jf:gL g} b'Jo{;gL ePkl5 pgLx¿n] k};f sdfpg nfu"kbfy{s} sf/f]af/ ug]{ wGbf ;'? u/] . æhflu/ lyPg, ;DklQ klg kof{Kt lyPg . 8«U; lng klg k};f rflxof], To;}n] nf]Ug]:jf:gL ldn]/ 8«U; lsg]/ a]Rg yfNof}+Æ pgL elG5g\ æclxn] t 8«U; 5f8\g} g;Sg] ePsL 5' .Æ

sf/f]af/ ubf{ub}{ k|x/L kmGbfdf k/]kl5 nf]Ug] h]ndf 5g\ . pgL eg] clxn] klg oxL wGbfn] u'hf/f ub}{l5g\ . laxfg p7]b]lv /flt;Dd nfu"kbfy{ a]Rg], k};f c;'Ng] / 8«U; ;]jg ug{d} pgsf] ;do laT5 . ;'?df r'/f]6 / ufFhf vfg yfn]sL pgL clxn] k|f]lS;gjg, a|fpg;'u/ x'Fb} OGh]S;g;Dd lng yfn]sL l5g\ . nfu"cf}ifw ;]jgn] hLjgdf slxn] gef]u]sf] b'Mvsi6 ef]Ug'k/]sf] 5 . b'Jo{;gL / sf/f]af/ b'j} ug]{ pgL cfkm\gf] kL8f o;/L ;'gfpFl5g, æslxn] k'ln;n] ;dfpF5, slxn] dfcf]jfbLn] .Æ

k'?ifh:t} dlxnf b'Jo{;gLnfO{ 3/kl/jf/, ;dfhdf al;vfg ufx|f] dfq xf]Og c;Dejh:t} 5 . s'ntdf km;]kl5 3/df a:g} gkfOg];Ddsf] cj:yf 5 . To;}n] w]/} dlxnfsf] hLjg} aaf{b ePsf] 5 . kL8f oltd} ;Lldt 5}g . l;l/~haf6 nfu"kbfy{ lng]x¿ PrcfO{eL, P8\;h:tf 8/nfUbf /f]usf] ;ª\qmd0fdf ;d]t kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . w/fgsf w]/} dlxnf Tof] vt/fdf ;d]t /x]sf x'g;S5g\ . ToxL vt/f cf}+NofpFb} piff elG5g\, æd}n] w]/}k6s s'nt 5f]8\g] k|of; u/]+, t/ ;lsgF .Æ

nfu"cf}ifw geOgx'g] nt a;]sf] lyof], lagf /fO{sf] . 3/fo;L tgfjn] Ps jif{b]lv nuftf/ nfu"cf}ifw ;]jg ub}{ cfO/x]sL lagfn] 3/sf] tgfj sd ePkl5 cfkm}+ nt 5fl8g\ . rfx]df 5f]8\g ;lsG5 eGg] cfTdljZjf; pgdf 5 . t/

pgsf] kl/jf/nfO{ eg] pgL b'Jo{;gL ePsf] yfxf lyPg .

t/, PskN6 ntdf km;]/ pDs]sf dlxnfx¿ g;s]/ km]l/ b'Jo{;gsf] lzsf/ ag]sf pbfx/0f klg 5g\ . w/fgsL ;Demgf /fO{ ltg}dWo] Ps x'g\ . nfu"kbfy{sf] ;d:ofnfO{ n'sfpg x'Fb}g eGb} s]xL dlxgfcl3 sf7df8f}+df pkrf/ u/fO{ kms]{sL ;Demgf clxn] km]l/ ToxL s'ntdf nfu]sL l5g\ . æw]/}k6s 5f]8\g] k|of; u/]+ t/ ;lsgF,Æ pgL elG5g\, æca t g;f g} a:of], 5f8\g ;lSbgF xf]nf .Æ cfkm"n] 5f8\g g;s] klg nfu"kbfy{;DaGwL ljleGg sfo{qmddf cfkm\gf cg'ej ;'gfpFb} pgL c¿nfO{ b'Jo{;gdf gkm:g ;Nnfx lblG5g\ .

tLg jif{b]lv nfu"cf}ifw b'Jo{;gLnfO{ ;Nnfx, pkrf/nufot ;xof]usf] sfd ub}{ cfPsf] w/fg k'ghL{jg s]Gb|sf OGrfh{ sdn ltu]nf eG5g, æk'?ifsf] t'ngfdf s]Gb|df dlxnf b'Jo{;gLx¿ cfpFb}–cfpFb}gg\ eGbf x'G5 .Æ pgL eG5g\, ærfx]/ klg 3/kl/jf/, ;dfhsf] 8/, qf;n] v'n]/ aflx/

17

cfpFb}gg\ . pgLx¿ ;'w|g rfxG5g\ t/ pgLx¿nfO{ ;'wfg]{ kfl/jfl/s, ;fdflhs jftfj/0f 5}g .Æ dlxnf b'Jo{;gLx¿ w]/} a]/f]huf/ 5g\, ntdf k/]kl5 …nfu"cf}ifwsf] vf]hLdfÚ s]6f ;fyL w]/} x'g] ePsfn] sltkosf] y'k|};Fu zf/Ll/s ;Dks{ klg x'G5 . Tof] ;Dks{ c;'/lIft x'g] ePsfn] w]/} b'Jo{;gL dlxnfx¿ of}g/f]u, PrcfO{eL, x]kf6fOl6;h:tf /f]usf lzsf/ aGg] u/]sf] pgsf] egfO 5 .

klZrdL ;+:sf/n] k"/} ufFlh;s]sf] w/fgdf b'Jo{;gL dlxnfsf] ;ª\Vof 7"nf] 5, t/ v'n]/ cfpg]sf] ;ª\Vof eg] Psbd sd . cfkm"nfO{ b'Jo{;gL eGg glxlRsrfpg]x¿ klg clwsf+z ljjflxt / 3/kl/jf/ aaf{b eO;s]sfx¿ 5g\ . cljjflxt o'jtLx¿ eg] s'ntdf km;] klg ;fj{hlgs x'g / cfkm\gf] kL8f aflx/ Nofpg rfxFb}gg\ . b'Jo{;gL dlxnfx¿sf] ;ª\Vof al9/xFbf kl/jf/, ;dfh / cGo ;ª\3;+:yfn] klg To;df Wofg k'¥ofPsf] b]lv+b}g .

b'Jo{;gLnfO{ ;'wfg'{sf] ;f6f] ;dfh / kl/jf/n] pgLx¿nfO{ yk oftgf lbg] u/]sf] 5 . sltko b'Jo{;gLsf kl/jf/n] OHht u'Dg] 8/n] pgLx¿nfO{ cfjZos pkrf/ klg gu/L ;d:of u'kr'k /fVg] u5{g\ . To;dfly 5f]/Lsf] OHht u'd] ef]ln …5f]/L laSb}gg\Ú eGg] dfGotf alnof] 5 . kl/jf/ / ;dfhn] b'Jo{;gdf nfUg'sf] sf/0f vf]Hb}g t/ nfu]kl5 3[0ff / lt/:sf/ dfq u5{ . t/, kl/jf/ / ;dfhsf] OHhtsf sf/0f b'Jo{;gL dlxnfx¿ ntdf km;]/ pDsg ;Sb}gg\ / d/]t'No eP/ afFR5g\ . b'Jo{;gLsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;ª\3;+:yfn] k'?if;/x dlxnf b'Jo{;gLnfO{ ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw gu/fPsf] atfpFb} ;dfh;]jL dlGb/f t'nfw/ elG5g\, æ;ª\3;+:yfn] k'?if;/x dlxnfnfO{ klg ;]jf lbg'k5{ .Æ k'ghL{jg s]Gb|sf lgb]{zs ltu]nf eGg'x'G5, ædlxnfx¿ ;Dks{d} cfpg grfxg] / cfPsfx¿ klg v'n]/ s'/f gug]{ ePsfn] ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 .Æ

���

;~rfl/sf n]vdfnf÷;~rfl/sf ;d"x

3/]n' lx+;fsf] 8/nfUbf] tgfj si6k"0f{ sfd u/]/ 3/kl/jf/sf] u'hf/f rnfO/xg] dlxnfx¿ cfkm\g} nf]Ug]sf] oftgf ;xg afWo ePsf pbfx/0f hlt klg e]l6G5g\ . nf]Ug]sf] cTofrf/af6 xb};Dd kLl8t x'Fbf klg pgLx¿ To;lj?4 ph'/L ug{ 3/aflx/ lg:sg ;Sb}gg\ . lsgls ;dfh c;xof]uL 5, To;dfly 3/]n' lx+;flj?4 b]zdf alnof] sfg'g klg 5}g .

/~h' /]UdL

bfª÷;fFem kg]{lalQs} dNnL rf}w/Lsf] lrGtf ;'? x'G5, cfh s'grflxF l5d]sLsf] 3/df /ft sf6\g] eg]/ . bfª lqe'jggu/ gu/kflnsf–# sL dNnLsf] cfkm\g} 3/ gePsf] xf]Og . t/ 3/df a:g' pgsf nflu oftgfu[xdf a:g'eGbf kL8fbfoL x'G5 . To;sf] sf/0f xf], cfkm\g} nf]Ug]sf] Jojxf/ . ;fFem k/]kl5 /S;Ln] dft]/ cfpg] / :jf:gLnfO{ d/0ff;Gg x'g]u/L s'6\g] nf]Ug]sf] lbgrof{ h:t} 5 . To;}n] x/]s lbg pgL /ft gkb}{ l56f]–l56f]

vfgf ksfpFl5g\, afnaRrfnfO{ v'jfpFl5g\ / nf]Ug] 3/ cfOk'Ug'cl3 g} l5d]sLsf] 3/df k'lU5g\ .

@)^# j}zfvdf of}g;DaGwL /f]un] la/fdL ePkl5 c:ktfn hfFbf 8fS6/n] pgnfO{ æcf}iflw vfFbf;Dd of}g ;Dks{ gug'{Æ eGg] ;Nnfx lbPsf lyP . t/ 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfxn] dfq} ePg . 3/df nf]Ug]n] hah{:tL ug{ 5f8]gg\ . lj/f]w ubf{ d/0ff;Gg x'g]u/L s'6fO vfg'k¥of] . clt ePkl5 pgn] 3/df a:g} 5fl8g\ / To;otf l5d]sLsf]

18

3/df z/0f lng yflng\ . sfd gu/];Dd ;fFem–laxfgsf] 5fs h'6fpg ufx|f] x'g] cj:yf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg pgL nf]Ug]sf] 8/n] n's]/ a:g'k/]sf] 5 .

n's]/ a:g yfn]kl5 emg\ 7"nf] ;ª\s6 cfOnfUof] . nf]Ug]n] o;}nfO{ emg\ 7"nf] d'2f agfP . >LdtLsf] l/;n] 3/df /fv]sf] vfgf NofP/ cfFugdf kmfn], efF8fs'F8f xFl;ofn] Kjfn kf/], 3/df ePsf] vfBfGg dfq kmfn]gg\, æd]/f] 3/sf] eft vfP/ ufpF–ufpF rxfg]{ ePsL, nf} vf eftÆ eGb} tftf] eft pgsf] z/L/df vGofOlbP . /f]un] xf85fnf dfq} afFsL /x]sL dNnL clxn] emg\ 7"nf] larNnLdf l5g\ . æca g nf]Ug]n] 3/ a:g lbG5g\ g l5d]sLsxfF hfg ;S5', d]/f nflu sltnfO{ b'Mv lbg'Æ pgn] b'Mvsf] a]lnla:tf/ nufpFb} elgg\, æ8fS6/n] cf}iflwn] dfq x'Fb}g, kl5 ck|];g g} ug{'{k5{ eg]sf 5g\ . nf]Ug]sf] tfn o:tf] 5, cfkm";Fu k};f 5}g, ca s] ug]{

19

pgL clxn] klg Hofnfbf/L sfd u/]/ cfkm\gf] / 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k]6 kflN5g\ .

nf]Ug]sf] cTofrf/n] 3/af/ljxLg ag]sL eu/LnfO{ clxn] Pp6f u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ;3fPsf] 5 . sDnx/L x6fpg sfo{/t :jfg gfdsf] ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf pgsL Pp6L 5f]/L ljBfno hfg kfPsL 5g\ . t/, ;fFemlaxfgsf] 5fs 6fg{ eg] pgn] Hofnfbf/L sfd gu/L ;'v 5}g . Hofnfbf/L sfd vf]Hg] qmddf wfg bfOF ug{ /flt !@ ah];d]t ls;fgsf] v]tdf a:g'k5{ . ælbgel/ Hofnfbf/L sfd vf]Hg hfg'kg]{ ePsf]n] /ftdf wfg bfpg]afx]s csf]{ pkfo 5}g,Æ pgL elG5g\, ænf]Ug]n] 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] bfloTj lal;{P klg d}n] t afnaRrf kfNg'k¥of] lg . o;/L slt lbg

rNg] xf] yfxf 5}g, z/L/n] b'Mv ug{ ;s];Dd p;sf] cufl8 levsf] xft km}nfpg hfGg .Æ

Ps e/kbf]{ tYofª\scg';f/ blIf0f

Pl;ofdf g]kfn dlxnfdfly 3/]n'

lx+;f clws x'g] b]zdWo] bf];|f]df

k5{ . tYofª\scg';f/ g]kfnsf s'n

ljjflxt dlxnfdWo] ^^ k|ltzt

3/]n' lx+;fsf] rsf]{ oftgf ef]lu/x]sf

5g\ h;dWo] w]/} cfkm\g} nf]Ug]af6

kLl8t 5g\ . g]kfneGbf a9L

dlxnfdfly 3/]n' lx+;f x'g] b]z

kfls:tfg xf], kfls:tfgdf *)

k|ltzt dlxnf 3/]n' lx+;f ;xg

afWo 5g\ .

nf]Ug]sf] cTofrf/ v]lk/x]sf oL dlxnfaf/] ;dfh klg df}g 5 . oxL ;dfhsf dlxnfx¿ o;/L hLjg latfO/xFbf klg of] ;dfh pgLx¿sf kIfdf r'F;Dd af]Nb}g . dNnL, df3L rf}w/L / eu/L rf}w/Lx¿ oxL ;dfhsf ;b:o x'g\, hf] clxn] klg ljleGg lsl;dsf lx+;f ;xg afWo 5g\ .

Ps e/kbf]{ tYofª\scg';f/ blIf0f Pl;ofdf g]kfn dlxnfdfly 3/]n' lx+;f clws x'g] b]zdWo] bf];|f]df k5{ . tYofª\scg';f/ g]kfnsf s'n ljjflxt dlxnfdWo] ^^ k|ltzt 3/]n' lx+;fsf] rsf]{ oftgf ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ h;dWo] w]/} cfkm\g} nf]Ug]af6 kLl8t 5g\ . g]kfneGbf a9L dlxnfdfly 3/]n' lx+;f x'g] b]z kfls:tfg xf], kfls:tfgdf *) k|ltzt dlxnf 3/]n' lx+;f ;xg afWo 5g\ . To;}u/L >Lnª\sfdf ^^ k|ltzt, a+unfb]zdf $^ k|ltzt dlxnf 3/]n' lx+;fsf] lzsf/ 5g\ eg] ef/tdf k|To]s ^ 306fdf Pshgf dlxnfn] 3/]n' lx+;fsf sf/0f Hofg} u'dfpg] u5{g\ .

t/ hlt g} kL8f ef]Ug'k/] klg oL dlxnf cfkm\g} nf]Ug]lj?4 st} ph'/L ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . sf/0f pgLx¿sf] kIfdf af]lnlbg] sf]xL x'Fb}g, clzlIft / ul/a kl/jf/sf dlxnf dfq xf]Og, k9]n]v]sf / ;+e|fGt kl/jf/sf dlxnfx¿;d]t 3/]n' lx+;flj?4 cfjfh p7fpg 8/fpF5g\ . dlxnfdfly x'g] 3/]n'nufotsf lx+;f sd ug{ kof{Kt sfg'gsf] klg cefj 5 . ;dfh g} dlxnfdflysf] lx+;f sd ug{ gh'd'{/fP;Dd / /fHon] dlxnf lx+;flj?4 plrt sfg'g gNofP;Dd dlxnfdflysf] of] cTofrf/ sd x'g ;Sb}g .

���

;~rfl/sf n]vdfnf÷;~rfl/sf ;d"x

k|sfzs ;~rfl/sf ;d"x÷g]kfn kf]=a=g+= !#@(# 6]lnkmf]g M %%#*%$(, k\mofS; M %)))!*! O–d]nM sancharika@wlink.com.np j]e;fO6 M www. sancharika.org ;Dkfbs

lgd{nf zdf{ O–d]nM nirmalaji@mos.com.np

;~rfl/sf ;d"x @)%@ ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] kqsf/ dlxnfx¿sf] ;+:yf xf] . ;~rf/ dfWoddf sd k|fyldstfdf k/]sf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf, dfgjclwsf/, ;'zf;g, lzIff, åGånufotsf ;fdflhs ljifo;DaGwL lkmr/ tyf n]vx¿sf] cefjnfO{ o; n]vdfnfn] s]xL xb;Dd k"lt{ ug]{ ck]Iff u/]sf 5f}+ . o;}u/L xfd|f] n]vdfnfdfkm{t …lkmr/ n]vgÚ df kqsf/ dlxnfx¿sf] u'0ffTds tyf ;+VofTds j[l4 ug]{ xfd|f] p2]Zodf tkfO{+x¿sf] k"0f{ ;xof]usf] ck]Iff u/]sf 5f}+ . o;df k|sflzt n]vnfO{ 5fKbf æ;fef/ M ;~rfl/sf n]vdfnf÷;~rfl/sf ;d"xÚÚ pNn]v ul/lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ . /, k|sflzt ;fdfu|Lsf] Psk|lt ;d"xdf k7fOlbg klg cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .

20

;~rfl/sf ;d"x