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LCV2018
In Wheel Motors and their Value Propositions in the Automotive Industry
Dr Richard FordVehicle Engineering and Controls Manager
12th September 2018
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Contents
1.2.3.4.
ProteanDrive overviewApproximate cost comparisonValue added by ProteanDriveOverall picture
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ProteanDrive overview with demo cars
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Basic powertrain comparison
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System Element %age Cost in BMW i3*
Item BMW i3 Quantity* 2x PD18 Quantity
Inverter 47% Inverter Rating 650V/100%A 650V/150%A
Control Electronics 1 2
Mass 100%kg 20%kg
Motor 35% Steel Laminations 100% kg 100% kg
Copper Wire 100% kg 125% kg
RE Magnets 100% kg 240% kg
Housings (mostly Al) 100% kg 169% kg
Gear & Differential 12% Gear & Differential 23 kg None
Half Shafts & CVJ’s
6% Half Shafts & CVJ’s 12 kg None
Other 3kg 10kg
$XXXX
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Value added by ProteanDrive technology
1. Mass
2. Efficiency
3. Packaging + design freedom
4. Drivetrain dynamics
5. Looking further ahead
5
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Disclaimer
• The financial value attributed to technical functions below are based on a set of assumptions. Different sets of assumptions could be equally valid and might result in significantly different conclusions.
• The actual value is what the customer will pay and will depend on OEM, geographical region, vehicle segment, maturity etc.
• If you believe you can help us with more suitable numbers please get in touch!
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Mass
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30kg lighter
Value $100
Value calculation – 30kg becomes 1% reduction in vehicle consumption over NEDC for i3. Could be traded for 1% of battery mass.
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Efficiency – measured data 2*PD18 vs i3
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PD18 less efficient in this area. Lower speed requires higher torque
(current) so more switching and copper losses. Technology improvements (eg.
SiC) will reduce these losses.
PD18 more efficient in this area due to transmission losses of i3. Delta here unlikely to change as
transmission technology very mature
Value $100 - $800
Efficiency gain depends on drivecycle and vehicle. For i3:‐ NEDC 1% improvement‐ USHwy 13% improvement
FCar
vCar
2500N
‐2500N
100kph
Approximate path taken through NEDC for i3.
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Maintenance
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The only moving components in ProteanDrivesystems are the wheel bearing, seal surface and brake pads.Brake pads are consumable but bearing/seal will last for 300000km under normal use.
Value $200 - $1800
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Packaging + design freedom – move everything outboard
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Completely flat and low loadspace, NSEW egress
Four more standing passengers in pod
Value $50-$700
Value $100-$600
‘Traditional’ Skateboard
eMotor + gearbox+ power electronics
occupy space between wheels
Protean Skateboard
eMotor + power electronics in wheel
envelope
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Packaging + design freedom – no sideshafts
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No sideshafts can mean:
• True 90deg steer potential (pure lateral movement possible for parking)
• Suspension vertical range not constrained by CV joints – better lowering (or raising) for easy ingress and loading.
• Common path for braking and accelerating load reaction.‐ Simplified design process, modular design
easy to replicate.‐ No loads presented on interior of chassis,
NVH improvement.‐ No complexity due to design for minimised
torque steer.
No sideshafts
Value $0-$2000
Value $20
Value $20-$500
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Drivetrain dynamics improvement
• Smoothness/responsiveness⎼ Demanded torque is applied at wheel. No sideshafts involved which require torque filters or active damping control.⎼ Referred inertia is lower⎼ Zero backlash
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Value $50 -$500
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Individual wheel motor control – Steering response
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0
20
40
60
Ste
erA
ngle
(deg
)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2-10
0
10
20
Yaw
Rat
e (d
eg/s
)
BaselineTorque vector
sport
normal
gentry
Nb. Could be manual, or could be automatic eg:‐ Sensitivity with speed‐ Sensitivity with steer angle‐ Different driving characteristic per equipment
level‐ More sensitive if braking hard?
Same vehicle with Torque vectoring = half steering angle for same yaw rate
Value $0 -$200
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Individual Wheel Motor Control – Low speed agility
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We have demonstrated >10% reduction in turning circle with torque vectoring
Value $20-$200
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Drivetrain 2 – Individual wheel torque control
• ABS/TC/ESP⎼ Rapid response (90% of torque demand in 2ms, directly at contact patch) means that ABS/TC/ESP
systems can all be improved.⎼ Estimates of benefit are around 7‐10%⎼ No other system can achieve this.
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Value $0 - $600
Ref: Toyota 2010 AVEC
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Looking further ahead…
• ProteanDrive has rugged power electronics within the wheel space. We have power and pcb real estate, how could you use this?⎼ Electromechanical brake systems⎼ (corner) Steer by wire actuators⎼ Condition monitoring systems
⎼ Vibration monitoring⎼ Tyre condition monitoring
⎼ V2X data⎼ Street condition mapping⎼ Hazard warning
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Value $100 - $1500
Value $10 - $380
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Overall the picture depends on the vehicle
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Cheapest EV possible
High perf. C Segment
Luxury SUV Autonomous pod
Efficiency $100 $400 $800 $800
Maintenance $100 $200 $400 $1800
Extra space $0 $100 $500 $1300
No sideshafts $0 $100 $500 $2000
No jerk $0 $200 $500 $200
Improved yaw control $0 $500 $700 $200
ABS/TC/ESP $0 $300 $600 $200
…future $100 $100 $200 $1900
Total Added Value $300 $1900 $4200 $7400
These numbers are for illustration only. We make no
claims as to their validity. Do not make any financial commitment
based on this data!
LCV2018
Summary
• A ProteanDrive IWM solution is more expensive than an equivalent eAxle due to fundamental differences present in the 2*IWM vs 1*central motor configuration.
• An IWM solution offers many advantages at a vehicle level.• The value of these is very vehicle specific.• If these benefits are taken into account then an IWM solution becomes very
attractive for certain market segments.• The numbers presented have a large degree of uncertainty associated with them
but are believed to be ‘ballpark’ correct.
• Please come and talk to us on the stand to find out more.
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Thank youThank you
Dr Richard FordVehicle Engineering and Controls [email protected]+44 1252 741800
LCV2018
