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FLOOD AWARENESS
& RESPONSE
RIVER QUALITY MONITORING BY STUDENTS
CONTENT
1.0 Introduction to the Status of Water in Malaysia
2.0 Excessive water use patterns in Malaysia
3.0 Water Watch Penang: Who are we and what do we do?
4.0 Use of Water Demand Management Methods to Change Lifestyles Towards Sustainable Consumption
5.0 Conclusion
Annual Rainfall = 3,000 mm
Rivers = > 150 rivers
Annual Total Water Resources = 990 billion m3 (BCM)
Surface Flow = 566 BCM
Groundwater = 64 BCM
Current Usage = < 3 % of Surface Flow
1.0 Introduction to the Status of Water in Malaysia
RICH IN WATER RESOURCES?
Annual Rainfall = 3,000 mm
Rivers = > 150 rivers
Annual Total Water Resources = 990 billion m3 (BCM)
Surface Flow = 566 BCM
Groundwater = 64 BCM
Current Usage = < 3 % of Surface Flow
Tmn Sri Muda,
Shah Alam,
Dec1995
Floods
Kuching 2003
Kuala Lumpur,
2005
PJ, 2000
Padang Kelab Selangor…. 1949
Shah Alam 2006
Despite being blessed with abundant rainfall averaging 3000 mm/year), water problems are increasing & pose a serious
threat to people & economy in Malaysia
CONSEQUENTLY, MANY STATES IN MALAYSIA ARE FACING WATER PROBLEMS & MANY WILL HAVE PROBLEMS IN THE
NEAR FUTURE
• 2007 – SELANGOR REACHED CAPACITY & IS NOW TAKING WATER FROM ELSEWHERE VIA INTER-STATE TRANSFER
• 2010 – PENANG IS EXPECTED TO HAVE INSUFFICIENT WATER (SO ARE WE GOING TO BUY WATER FROM KEDAH OR PERAK, TWO OF OUR “WATER-RICH” NEIGHBOURS)?
• 2010 – MELAKA, NEGRI SEMBILAN, PERLIS ARE ALSO ESTIMATED TO FACE WATER STRESS.
PENANG IS ONE OF THE MOST DEVELOPED STATES IN MALAYSIA BUT IT IS A “WATER-POOR” STATE EXPOSED TO DOUGHTS, WATER POLLUTION, WATER RATIONING, POOR WATER QUALITY, ETC
IF PENANG IS NOT CAREFUL, IT WILL FOLLOW IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF MANY DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES IN DRINKING RECYCLED WATER
DRINKING RECYCLED WATER IS A VERY REAL THREAT FOR MILLIONS OF PEOPLE IN THE DEVELOPED WORLD
2.0 Excessive Water Use Patterns in Malaysia
Figure 1: Per capita water consumption per day in selected countries (Source: Chan and Vilas, 2006) (STD Standard).
Table 1: Water Consumption Per Capita Per Day in 2001
State/Federal Territory (Litres Per Capita Per Day)
Kedah 305 Sarawak 220Labuan 289 Perlis 261
Pahang 268 Negeri Sembilan 327Sabah 137 Perak 266
Melaka 389 Pulau Pinang 469Terengganu 317 Selangor (KL & Putrajaya) 323Johor 293 Kelantan 151
Malaysia (National Average) 287
(Source: The Malaysian Water Association, 2003:76)
Sabah 137 Perak 266 Pahang 268 Negeri Sembilan 327
Labuan 289 Perlis 261
2.0 Excessive Water Use Patterns in Malaysia
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
WH
O
STD
Ca
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MasT h
aiSi
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Indo
La
o Ph
i Vi
et
USA
C
an
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Country
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_________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 1: Per capita water consumption per day in selected countries (Source: Chan and Vilas, 2006) (STD=Standard).
Table 1: Water Consumption Per Capita Per Day in 2001 _________________________________________________________________________________
Spain
State/Federal Territory (Litres Per Capita Per Day)
_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Kedah 305 Sarawak 220
Melaka 389 Pulau Pinang 469
__________________________________________________________________________________
Terengganu 317 Selangor (KL & Putrajaya) 323 Johor 293 Kelantan 151
Malaysia (National Average) 287 __________________________________________________________________________________
(Source: The Malaysian Water Association, 2003:76)
3.0 WATER WATCH PENANG: WHO ARE WE & WHAT DO WE DO?
Water Watch Penang (WWP) is the first truly “Water NGO” in Malaysia
WWP is a non-profit organisation set up in November 1997 as part of the Sustainable Penang Initiative under the auspices of the Socio-economic & Environmental Research
Institute (SERI) of Penang.
WATER WATCH PENANG IS BASED ON 5
PRINCIPLES
Through a process of public consultation in developing and using sustainable water indicators for monitoring the development of Penang
•ecological sustainability
•social justice
•economic productivity
•cultural vibrancy
•popular participation
To promote study, awareness, knowledge, conservation, protection
and the practice of a water saving society
Aim
ACTIVITIES
Creating awareness and water saving practices amongst the public, industry and government agencies;
Publishing and distributing articles, pamphlets, journals, periodicals and books;
Organising and conducting field trips,educational camps seminars, forums, conferences, lectures and talks
ACTIVITIES
““““Watch Dog”””” for water pricing, water pollution, non-revenue water, destruction of catchments & other issues relating to water
Networking with other societies dedicated to similar aims and objectives; and
Carry out Water Projects
INVOLVEMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN PROJECTS WITH WATER WATCH PENANG
• Involving The Private Sector - Partnership with local
authorities/water companies
• Water Watch Penang conducts water awareness
programmes in partnership with the Perbadanan
Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang (Penang Water Supply
Corporation) and act as a Consultant to PBAPP Sdn
Bhd
WWWWOOOORRRRKKKKIIIINNNNGGGGWWWWIIIITTTTHHHH FFFFOOOORRRRDDDD FFFFOOOOUUUUNNNNDDDDAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN OOOONNNNWWWWAAAATTTTEEEERRRR EEEEDDDDUUUUCCCCAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
ACTIVE WATERSHED YOUTH ACTION WHEREBY SCHOOL CHILDREN WERE TAKEN INTO THE PENANG NATIONAL PARK TO LEARN ABOUT THE WATER CYCLE
PRODUCTION OF VCD ON WATER CONSERVATION – PBA & FORD
INVOLVING ACADEMIC COMMUNITY PUBLICATIONS TO INCREASE AAAAccccttttiiiivvvviiiittttiiiieeeessss AWARENESS & EDUCATION
“Meeting Water Challenges in the 21st Century” 1997
‘Water Watch: A Community Action Guide’ – 18 June 1998
“Water: A Learning Manual”-2003
GGGGRRRRAAAASSSSSSSSRRRROOOOOOOOTTTT AAAACCCCTTTTIIIIVVVVIIIITTTTIIIIEEEESSSS
““““IIIINNNNVVVVOOOOLLLLVVVVIIIINNNNGGGG SSSSCCCCHHHHOOOOOOOOLLLLSSSS –––– CCCCAAAARRRRIIIINNNNGGGG FFFFOOOORRRR OOOOUUUURRRR RRRRIIIIVVVVEEEERRRRSSSS CCCCAAAAMMMMPPPPAAAAIIIIGGGGNNNN””””
Organised with PBA, FORD Foundation, Malaysian Nature Society (Penang Branch), etc. Objectives: to raise awareness on water conservation
to increase knowledge in water monitoring to encourage schools to adopt a river for monitoring
Activities: walk along river bank of Sg. Air Terjun test water quality (physical, biological and chemical parameters)
Watching Out For Our Rivers Air Terjun River (Tributary of Pinang River)
Monitoring River Water Quality & Collecting Water Samples for Testing
Talk on river protection & water
River water quality monitoring
River clean-up River Biology
Visit Water Treatment Plant
IIIINNNNVVVVOOOOLLLLVVVVIIIINNNNGGGG TTTTHHHHEEEE PPPPUUUUBBBBLLLLIIIICCCC WWWWOOOORRRRLLLLDDDD WWWWAAAATTTTEEEERRRR DDDDAAAAYYYY OOOONNNN 22222222 MMMMAAAARRRRCCCCHHHH
EEEEVVVVEEEERRRRYYYY YYYYEEEEAAAARRRR
EACH YEAR, WWD PROGRAMME REACHES ABOUT 1,000 PEOPLE, MOSTLY STUDENTS, PARENTS, THE PUBLIC, PRIVATE SECTOR, NGOs & POLITICIANS
WWP-NPARK-COLOURING CONTEST 21.12.03
WWP-NPARK-COLOURING CONTEST 4.12.05
WORKING WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES ON WATER EDUCATION
Desalinated Water - US$1.76 – US$2.06/m3
Spain - US$ 0.93/m3 (2006)
Hong Kong – US$0.92/m3
Dubai US$0.90/m3
Singapore - US$0.62/m3
Australia (PAWA) – $0.60/m3
Texas, USA - US$0.59/m3
Tennessee Water Authority, USA – US$0.53/m3 - US$0.86/m3
Malawi – US$0.30/m3
Indonesia - US$0.21/m3
Malaysia - US$0.09/m3
India, Chandigarh - US$0.04/m3
ACT AS “WATCH DOG” FOR WATER TARIFFS
Casablanca, Morocco 1996
Penang, Malaysia 1997
Beirut, Lebanon 1998
Tehran, Iran 1999 & Paris, 1999
Lille, France “First World Citizens’ Assembly” 2001
Mumbai, India “World Social Forum” 2004
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2005
Marseille, France 2007
??? 2008
Istanbul, Turkey “World Water Forum” 2009
“WORLD CITIZENS’ ASSEMBLY ON WATER” (WCAW)
http://www.alliance21.org/2003/
http://www.wcaw.org/
Our aim is to invent, share & practice new forms of collective action, from local to global, so that together we can exercise more control & harmony with Nature, over the future of an increasingly complex & interdependent world.
4.0 Use of Water Demand Management Methods to Change Lifestyles Towards Sustainable Consumption
1 YEAR PROJECT GETTING RESIDENTS & THE CONDOMINIUM MANAGEMENT TO REDUCE
WORKING WITH APARTMENT WATER USE RESIDENTS ON WATER DEMAND 2008-2009 MANAGEMENT – NATIONAL BMP
PROJECT
TEACHING APARTMENT RESIDENTS ON SAVING WATER AT HOME
IRRESPONSIBLE ATTITUDES ARE THE
REASON WHY WE PENANGITES USE SO
MUCH WATER!
IF YOU USE > 200 LITRES PER PERSON PER DAY, YOU ARE OVER THE LIMIT
RAISING AWARENESS OF COMMUNITIES REGARDING WATER USAGE TO CHANGE THE WAY PEOPLE SEE & USE WATER
EXAMPLE OF CALCULATING WATER USE PER CAPITA/DAY:
CHAN WATER USAGE = 15600 Litres
15600 L = 260 L = 130 L/DAY
60 DAYS 2 PERSONS
ASK FAMILIES TO COMPARE THEIR WATER USAGE PER PERSON PER DAY WITH PEOPLE IN OTHER
STATES/COUNTRIES
PER CAPITA DOMESTIC WATER USAGE PER DAY
• MALAYSIA = 300 LITRES
• URBANITE IN MALAYSIA = 500 LITRES
• RURAL FOLK IN MALAYSIA = 200 LITRES
• PENANGITE = 469 LITRES
• KELANTANESE = 151 LITRES
• KL/SELANGOR = 323 LITRES
• AFRICA (AVERAGE) = 50 LITRES
• INDIA = 100 LITRES (USA = > 800 LITRES)
• CHAN = 130 LITRES
IF YOU USE > 200 LITRES PER PERSON PER DAY, YOU ARE OVER THE LIMIT
SPAIN = Average urban water use (l/c/d)180
IMPRESS UPON EVERYONE THAT 1 PERSON DOES MAKE A DIFFERENCE BECAUSE IF EVERYONE IN MALAYSIA SAVES
WATER, THE AMOUNT OF WATER SAVED IS HUGE
Scenario 1: If every Malaysian save 10 % of his daily usage, the amount saved is 30 litres. Multiply by 25 million people = 750 million litres Per Day = 274 billion litres Per Year.
Scenario 1: If every Malaysian save 20 % of his daily usage, the amount saved is 60 litres. Multiply by 25 million people = 1500 million litres Per Day = 548 billion litres Per Year.
Scenario 1: If every Malaysian save 50 % of his daily usage, the amount saved is 150 litres. Multiply by 25 million people = 3750 million litres Per Day = 1370 billion litres Per Year.
WE SAVE 65 TELUK BAHANG DAMS (21 BLILION LITRES)
CREATING GREATER AWARENESS AMONGST COMMUNITIES REGARDING HOW MUCH WATER
THEY ACTUALLY USE FOR THEIR DAILY USE
•Shower 50-100 Litres
•Watering lawn (Landed Property) 700 Litres
•Washing Dishes with Dishwasher 200 Litres
•Washing dishes with hand 50 Litres
•Washing clothes with washing machine 200 Litres
•Washing car with hose 400 Litres
•Brushing teeth with running tap 4 Litres
•Brushing teeth with a glass of water 0.5 Litres
•Cooking a meal for a family 40 Litres
•Drinking water for 1 person a day 2 Litres
•Flushing toilet (1 flush) 9 Litres
ENGAGING COMMUNITIES TO SAVE WATER & CHANGE HABITS AT HOME VIA SIMPLE &
PRACTICAL MEASURES
INFORMING COMMUNITIES OF AVAILABILITY OF WATER SAVING EQUIPMENT AT HOME
Type of Water saved Water saved Water saved Money saved Water Saved Money saved
Water based on worse based on based on based on based on based onSaving case scenario comparing comparing comparing comparing comparingMeasure (comparing most efficient most efficient most efficient most efficient most efficient
most efficient to moderately to low efficient to least efficient to moderately to low efficientto least efficient efficient system system efficient systemsystem) system system
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Washing 27,000 16,200 21,600 RM13.50 RM8.10 RM10.80Clothes
Dishwashing 43,200 10,800 21,600 RM21.60 RM5.40 RM10.80
Showering 133,200 36,000 39,600 RM66.60 RM18.00 RM19.80
Toilet Flushing 81,900 31,500 56,700 RM40.95 RM15.75 RM28.35
Watering Lawn 39,600 10,800 21,600 RM19.80 RM5.40 RM10.80
TOTAL 324,900 105,300 161,100 rm162.40 RM52.65 RM80.55
DOMESTIC WATER AUDITTotal Amount of water saved per year via adding up
the water saving measures
Type of Water saved Water saved Water saved Money saved Water Saved Money saved
Water based on worse based on based on based on based on based on Saving case scenario comparing comparing comparing comparing comparing Measure (comparing most efficient most efficient most efficient most efficient most efficient
most efficient to moderately to low efficient to least efficient to moderately to low efficient to least efficient efficient system system efficient system system) system system
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Washing 27,000 16,200 21,600 RM13.50 RM8.10 RM10.80 Clothes
Dishwashing 43,200 10,800 21,600 RM21.60 RM5.40 RM10.80
Showering 133,200 36,000 39,600 RM66.60 RM18.00 RM19.80
Toilet Flushing 81,900 31,500 56,700 RM40.95 RM15.75 RM28.35
Watering Lawn 39,600 10,800 21,600 RM19.80 RM5.40 RM10.80
TOTAL 324,900 105,300 161,100 rm162.40 RM52.65 RM80.55
DOMESTIC WATER AUDIT Total Amount of water saved per year via adding up
the water saving measures
1RM = US$0.28
WORKING WITH HOTELS IN WATER CONSERVATION
• “WATER AUDIT” FOR ALL TYPES OF USAGE IN HOTEL
• IDENTIFY/MONITOR WATER PRESSURE FOR LEAKS
• REPAIR ALL LEAKS IMMEDIATELY
• CONTROL WATER FLOW IN TAPS/FAUCETS BY REPLACING WITH WATER-SAVING EQUIPMENT
• RECYCLE WATER (RE-PIPE AIR-CONDITIONER WATER FOR HEATING, RE-PIPE WATER USED FOR COOLING FOR SHOWERS, ETC)
• INSTALLATION OF SPECIAL “VALVES” IN PIPES
• EDUCATE STAFF/GARDENERS ETC ON WATER SAVINGS
• EDUCATE CLIENTS/GUESTS ON WATER SAVING
• LOOK FOR ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES (SPRING WATER, WELL WATER, RAINFALL HARVESTING, ETC)
• OTHER MEASURES (E.G. DROUGHT RESISTANT PLANTS)
• SAVINGS 25%-33% MONTHLY WATER BILL
(SAVED RM 8,000 – RM 10,000 PER MONTH)
• SAVINGS IN SEWAGE TREATMENT (IWK) BILL
• REDUCTION IN WATER POLLUTION
• GET RETURNS WITHIN 2-3 YEARS
• BETTER IMAGE (+ GREEN IMAGE)
• CORPORATE SOCIAL-ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY
• INCREASED PROFITS
• LESS PROBLEMS
RESULTS OF WATER CONSERVATION IN HOTELS
• PEOPLE (EVEN 1 PERSON) CAN MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE WHEN THEY ARE
COMMITTED (STRONGLY BELIEVE IN SOMETHING)
• COMMUNITIES (PENANGITES) ARE WELL INFORMED & ONCE THEY UNDERSTAND A
PROBLEM, THEY CAN BE COMMITTED TO TAKE ACTIVE PARTICIPATION
• GOVERNMENT & PRIVATE SECTOR ARE NOWADAYS VERY RESPONSIVE TO NGOs &
ARE LOOKING FOR PARTNERSHIPS (POTENTIAL FUNDING HERE)
• WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT IS THE KEY TO SUSTAINABLE WATER
MANAGEMENT IN THE FUTURE (WE NEED TO KNOW ALL ABOUT IT)
• INDUSTRY & BUSINESSES ARE LOOKING FOR OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE WATER
USE (COSTS) & SAVE MONEY (POTENTIAL PARTNERHIPS)
• THERE IS A GREAT DEAL OF TALENT/EXPERTISE IN COMMUNITIES (PENSIONERS,
HOUSEWIVES, STUDENTS, ETC) THAT WWP CAN TAP INTO
• PEOPLE ARE HORRIFIED OF DRINKING “RECYCLED” WATER & WOULD DO ANYTHING
TO AVOID IT. SAVING WATER “SAVES” THEM FROM THIS HORROR!
LESSONS LEARNT FROM WWP ENGAGEMENT WITH COMMUNITIES
• CREATION OF A “WATER SAVING SOCIETY”.
• WATER-RICH COUNTRIES CAN SUFFER FROM WATER PROBLEMS
DUE TO POOR MANAGEMENT
• WATER WATCH PENANG’S (WWP) WORK DEMONSTRATES THAT
COMMITTED PEOPLE CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE
• WWP HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO CHANGE
PEOPLE’S LIFESTYLE
• WWP’S WORK WITH GOVERNMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR & LOCAL
COMMUNITIES SHOW THAT “SMART-PARTNERSHIPS” CAN WORK
• PENANG IS A WATER-POOR STATE & WATER DEMAND
MANAGEMENT (WDM) IS INEVITABLE & NEEDS TO BE INCLUDED IN
ALL DEVELOPMENT
• A COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL WATER SAVING CAMPAIGN
5.0 CONCLUSION
• CREATION OF A “WATER SAVING SOCIETY”.
TERIMA KASIH
EVOLVEMENT OF UNIVERSAL SOCIETY INTO A “WATER SAVING SOCIETY”
Water Watch Penang
10 Brown Road 10350 Penang, Malaysia Tel: +6-04-2283306 Fax: +6-04-2267042
www.waterwatchpenang.org
Email: [email protected]
Make Every Drop Count
mailto:[email protected]:www.waterwatchpenang.org