Rivers and Streams

Courtney MonroeFebruary 30, 2012

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the hydrosphere, and other spheres.

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the hydrosphere, and other spheres.

Also called the hydrologic cycle.

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the hydrosphere, and other spheres.

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the hydrosphere, and other spheres.

H2O can only be added to an area by runoff, by infiltration and by precipitation.

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the hydrosphere, and other spheres.

H2O can only be removed from an area by runoff, by infiltration and by evaporation.

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the hydrosphere, and other spheres.

H2O can only be removed from an area by runoff, by infiltration and by evaporation.

Transpiration (plants) and evaporation (from water areas) is called EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the hydrosphere

Will the water budget ever be in balance locally?

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the hydrosphere

Will the water budget ever be in balance locally?

NO!! It is usually raining, or transpiring/evaporating, but not both in equal amounts at the same time.

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the hydrosphere

Will the water budget ever be in balance worldwide?

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the hydrosphere

Will the water budget ever be in balance worldwide?

Yes!! Otherwise the air would “dry out”, or get “misty” everywhere.

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the hydrosphere

Where will most of the water evaporate from?

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H2O through the hydrosphere

Where will most of the water evaporate from?

THE OCEAN, since ¾ of Earth is covered by it!!

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle.

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle.

Runoff ~ is water flowing downslope along the Earth’s surface.

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle.

Runoff ~ is water flowing downslope along the Earth’s surface.

Infiltration ~ is water moving through the cracks and pores of surface soils.

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle.

Runoff ~ is water flowing downslope along the Earth’s surface.

Infiltration ~ is water moving through the cracks and pores of surface soils.

Transpiration ~ is the release of water from plants.

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle.

Runoff ~ is water flowing downslope along the Earth’s surface.

Infiltration ~ is water moving through the cracks and pores of surface soils.

Transpiration ~ is the release of water from plants.

Perspiration ~ is something that good athletes do a lot. Rarely seen at LSW????

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle.

Runoff ~ is water flowing downslope along the Earth’s surface.

Infiltration ~ is water moving through the cracks and pores of surface soils.

Transpiration ~ is the release of water from plants.

Perspiration ~ is something that good athletes do a lot. Rarely seen at LSW????

Evapotranspiration is a bit of both.

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle.

Runoff ~ is water flowing downslope along the Earth’s surface.

Infiltration ~ is water moving through the cracks and pores of surface soils.

Transpiration ~ is the release of water from plants.

Perspiration ~ is something that good athletes do a lot. Rarely seen at LSW????

Evapotranspiration is a bit of both.

Recycling of water, almost does not exist. 90% of all water used by industry and cities runs back to the Ocean.

Runoff ~ water flowing down slope along the Earth’s surface.

Runoff ~ water flowing down slope along the Earth’s surface.

Factors that determine rates of water runoff

1. Amount of vegetation

Rate of Precipitation

Soil Composition

Slope

Factors that determine rates of water runoff

1. Amount of vegetation

2. Rate of Precipitation

Soil Composition

Slope

Factors that determine rates of water runoff

1. Amount of vegetation

2. Rate of Precipitation

3. Soil Composition

Slope

Factors that determine rates of water runoff

1. Amount of vegetation

2. Rate of Precipitation

3. Soil Composition

4. Slope

Factors that determine rates of water runoff

Amount of vegetation

Factors that determine rates of water runoff

Rate of precipitationhttp://waterdata.usgs.gov/ne/nwis/rt

Started to rain

Factors that determine rates of water runoff

Rate of precipitationhttp://waterdata.usgs.gov/ne/nwis/rt

Factors that determine rates of water runoff

Soil composition. Loose soil with heavy rains, with little soil to hold it in place will often cause mud slides.

Porosity is the amount of space in the pores of the soil, in this case a poorly sorted specimen.

Permeability is how fast water will flow through something.

Factors that determine rates of water runoff

Soil composition. Loose soil with heavy rains, with little soil to hold it in place will often cause mud slides.

Mud slide

Mud slide

Mud slide

Mud slide

Factors that determine rates of water runoff

Slope

Stream Systems

Brooks and Creeks -> Streams

Streams --> Rivers

Rivers --> Watershed areas

Stream Systems

Brooks and Creeks -> Streams

Streams --> Rivers

Rivers --> Watershed areas

Brook behind Southwest High School

Salt Creek to

Platte River (French for “flat”)

Missouri

Mississippi

Gulf of Mexico

Ocean

Continental Divide

Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a stream carries.

Solution ~ Dissolved minerals.

Suspension ~ Particles held up by the moving water.

Bed load ~ Particles bounced along the bottom of the stream.

Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a stream carries.

Solution ~ Dissolved minerals.

a. Usually salts, or salt forming ions.

b. Counted in parts per million (ppm).

Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a stream carries.

Solution ~ Dissolved minerals. See page 216 in book.

Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a stream carries.

Suspension ~ Particles held up by the moving water.

Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a stream carries.

Bed load ~ Particles bounced along the bottom of the stream.

Stream Velocity and Carrying Capacity

Stream Velocity based on how fast water flows.

Carrying capacity is how much of a stream load a stream can….carry.

Based largely on discharge.

m3/s = meters x meters x meters ÷ seconds

Floodplains

Flood ~ too much water in one place at one time.

Floodplain ~ where all that water goes

a. Nice an flat

b. Fertile soils

c. Sometimes covered with water

i 10 year flood

ii 50 year flood

iii 100 year flood

iv 500 year flood