Evaluation of Anti-Microbial activity of Palladhagi legium

Ravathi, Tamizharasan, Aruljothi

1.Department of pharmacology sivaraj siddha medical college Salem.

2. Department III rd year BSMS sivaraj siddha medical college Salem.

3. Department of Siruppu maruthuvam sivaraj siddha medical college Salem.

ABSTRACT:-

To acesses the efficacly of antimicrobial activity of pallathagi legium. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of

palladhagi legium was carried out by agar well diffusion method. The result shows a significant inhibition for

Pseudomonos Sps,Staphylococcus aureus,

KEYWORDS:

Semicarpus anacardium, anti microbial agar well diffusion method

INTRODUCTION:-

The knowledge of herbal medicies now a days spreads world wide. A vaiety of preparations with herbs either in

single form or compound form, purifed forms are used to treat diseases challanging against moderm aspect.

Semicarpus anacardium (family: Anacardiaceae) is distributed in sub- Himalayan region, tropical of gentral part of

india. It’s common name is marking nut, vernacular Bhilwa. It is a well known plant in siddha& Ayuevedha system

of medicine [1]

Botanical description:-

Semicarpus anacardium

Taxonomical classification:

Kigdom- Plantae

Sub kingdom – Tracheobionta

Super division- spermatophyta

Division – Magnoliophyta

Class - Magnoliopsida.

Sub class- Rosidae.

Order – Sapindales.

Family – Anacardiaceae

Genus – Seme carpus.

Species – Anacardium [2]

Parts used : nuts

Actions : Alterative, caustic.

Properties:

It has the property to cure piles, vaatha and skin disease.

Phyto Chemical:

Anacardic acid, cardol, catechol, anacardol, Semecarpal, bhilwanol.[4]

Uses:

This is very useful in piles. A compound of sesamum seeds, chebulic myrabolans, anacardium fruits, equal parts

bruised made into a paste and are used in piles and anaemia.[5]

Terminalia chebula.

Taxonomical classification:

Kingdom – planted

Order – myrtoles

Family – combrataceae

Genus – Terminalia

Species – T. Chelula.[6]

Parts used: Tender fruit.

Actions : Gentle laxative, astringent & alterative.[3]

Properties: It has the property to cure constipation, inflammations and piles.[7]

Uses

The tender fruit of Terminalia when given with castor oil will cure constipation and irritation around the anus.[8]

Phyto Chemicals:

Chebulenic acid, tannic acid (20-40%) gallicacid, nature anthraquinone.[9]

Sesamum indicum.

Taxonomical classification

Kigdom – plantae

Order – lamiales

Family – pedaliacace

Genes – sesamum

Species S. indicum[10]

Part used: seeds

Action : Emmenagogue,stimulant,diruretic, tonic, laxative.[3]

Properties:

It has the property to cure piles and relieve constipation[3]

Phyto Chemicals

Aflavonoid, glucoside, pedalin.[9]

Uses:

These seeds are used for piles in the form of decoction and it also has demulcent action.[4]

Saccharum officinarum

Taxonomical classification:-

Kingdom – plantae

Order – poales

Family – poaceae.

Sub family – panicoideae

Genes - Saccharum

Species – S. officinarum[11]

Parts uses: Stem-sugar

Action : Demulcent and antiseptic.[3]

Since sugar has demulcent action it is used to reduce the heat which is predominant in piles.[5]

2.Materials and methods :-

2.1.Collection of materials

Semicarpus anacardium. Terminalia chebula. Sesamum indicum. Saccharum officinarum.

Semecarpus anacardium nuts were collected from the foot hills of yercaurd and the remaining raw drugs were

collected from the familial raw drugs store in Salem district. The above drugs were authenticated and deposited in

herbarium in Sivaraj Siddha medical college salem

Purification of preparation Ingredients

The following drugs are purified according to standard siddha text literature

Purification of semecarpus anacardium

Purification of Terminalia chebula

Purification of Sesum indicum

Purification of Sugar

All the above Ingredients were powdered separately and finely it is made in to the form of a bolus [12]

Microbiological study of the trial medicine palladhagi Legium

Preparation of Extract.

To 5 grams of palladhagi Legium, 50ml of water was added and lept in a boiling water bath for 20minutes and then

filtered. The extract of the drug was tested with the following micro organisms.

Gram Positive organisms Gram Negative Organisms

1. Streptococci pyogens. 1. Escherichia coli

2. Staphylococci aureus 2. Salmonella typhi

3. Staphylococci albus 3. Shigella flexneri

4. Candida albicans 4. Proteus vulgaris

5. Chromobacterium violaceum

6. Xanthomonas maltophilia

Procedure : Agar well method (Cup plate method

Anti Baterial Screening:-

The drug palladhagi legium extract (500, 1000 µsl/disc in concentration)

Was tested for anti microbial activity using agar disc diffusion assay according to the method of Bauer et al. 1996,

the strains of micro organisms obtained were inoculated in conical flask containing 100ml fo nutrient broth. These

conical flasks were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours and were referred to as seeded broth. Media were prepared

using Mullar Hinton agar (Himedia, Mumbai, India) Poured on petri dishes and inoculated with the test organisms

from the seeded broth using cotton swabs. Sterile discs of 6 millimeter width had been impregnated with 20ml of

test extract and introduced into the upper layer of the seeded agar plate. The plates were incubated over night at

37 °C anti bacterial and anti fungal activity was assigned by measuring the inhibition zone formed around the discs.

Imipenium (10 µsl/disc) are used as a standard drug for anti bacterial screening

Funngal Screening:-

Ketoconozole (10 µg/disc) is used as a standard drug for anti fungal screening

Sabouaud’s dextrose agar medium was prepared. 100 µl of candida albicans was gently spread on the medium

plate.

Well was made using well cutter.

100ml of samples were loaded (Alcoholic extract)

Incubated at 37°C for 48 hours.

Zone of inhibition was measured using Himedia zone of inhibition scale results.

Anti _ Bacterial:-

The trial drugs palladhagi legium shows high sensivity to Wschrichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella

flexneri, Xanthomonas Maltophilia, Staphlococci aureus, Staphylococci albus and shows moderate

sensitivity to proteus vulgaris, Chromocacterium violaceum, Streprococci pyogens when compared to

imipenium at 10 µg dose.

Organism Used

Zone of inhibition(mm)

Palladhagi Legium

500µl 1000µl

Escherichia coli 18 19

Salmonella typhi 18 18

Shigella flexneri 20 20

Xanthomonas maltophilia 18 19

Proteus vulgeris 17 17

Chromobacterium violaecum 16 16

Streptococci pyogens 16 18

Staphylococci aureus 18 19

Staphylococci albus 18 19

Escherichia coli Salmonella typhi Shigella flexneri

Xanthomonas maltophilia Proteus vulgeris Chromobacterium violaecum

Staphylococci aureus Staphylococci albus

Anti fungal:-

The trial drugs palladhagi legium shows hith sensivity to Candida albicans when copared to Ketoconozole at 10µg

dose. So the trial drugs have good antimicrobial activity.

Note palladhaghi legium low dose, dose, palladhaghi legium high dose given in figure.

Organism Used

Zone of inhibition(mm)

Palladhagi Legium Standard

(Ketoconozole)

10 µg

Control500 µl 1000 µl

Candida albicans 20 20 16 R

Candida albicans

Conclusion and discussions :

From the above study, it is revealed that the antimicrobial activity of palladhagi lehgium showed significant activity

of both bacteria and fungi. From this conclusion we can get a new lead to proceed further activities.

Examples:

Reference to a journal :

1. PMC – Pharmaco –jn0-Rev 2010 Jan. A review mono semalty, Ajay Semalty .. and M.S.M. Rawat.

2. Patel, Sanjay R. Invitro cytotoxicity activity of Semecarpus anacardium Extract against Hep 2 cell line and renal cell

line.” International journal of Pharma Tech Research. Spinx. Retrieved 18 June 2013.

3. Gunapadam – I mooligai vagupppu.

4. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants.

5. Indian Materia MedicaIerenstein, M; Potter, J. (1945).

6. “The distribution of Myrobalanitansun. The Biochemical journal 39(5): 390-392

PMID 21020785

7. Indian Medicinal Plant

8. Pathaartha Guna chinthamani

9. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants.

10. Raghu Ram, David Catlin, Juan Romero, and Craig Cowley (1990)

11. Sesame: New approaches for crop improvement” Purdue university.

12. Sarabeenthera vaithiya Muraigal, Soolai, Moolam.