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RNA, DNA, & ProteinsChapter 9 & 10.1 Review
Main enzyme involved in linking nucleotides into DNA molecules during replication
DNA polymerase
Another name for protein synthesis
translation
Sugar used to make DNA
dexoyribose
Process of making a DNA copy
replication
Nitrogen base with 1 ring such ascytosine and thymine
pyrimidine
Organism whose cells have a nucleus
eukaryote
Process in which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA
transcription
Three sequential nucleotides in anmRNA molecule that code for a specific amino acid
codon
Organism without a nucleusprokaryote
Nitrogen base with 2 rings like adenine and guanine
Purine
Subunit composed of a sugar, nitrogen base, and a phosphate group used to make DNA and RNA
nucleotide
Principle that hydrogen bonds can only form between certain nitrogen bases
Base pairing
Group of three nucleotide bases on a t-RNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
anticodon
Process of making proteins from an RNA message
Translation (protein synthesis)
What is CHARGAFF’S RULE?
A = T
G = C
Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif
Type of RNA that carries DNA codefrom the nucleus out to the cytoplasm
Messenger RNA
Segment of DNA that codes for a protein
gene
Region of DNA where RNA polymerasebinds to start transcription
promoter
Bonds between nitrogen bases that hold the 2 DNA strands together
Hydrogen bonds
Type of RNA that matches itsanticodon and attaches the correctamino acid to the growing proteinchain during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
Structures found in the cytoplasmmade of rRNA and proteins where protein synthesis happens
Ribosomes
Type of RNA that combines with proteins to make ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
Sugar found in RNA molecules
ribose
Enzyme that binds to DNA, separates the strands, and assembles nucleotide subunits into an RNA molecule
RNA polymerase
Macromolecule made by joining nucleotide subunits together
Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA)
Another name for a protein chain
polypeptide
Macromolecule made by joining aminoacid subunits together
protein
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/watsoncrick.html
Name the woman scientist whose X-rayimages of DNA helped James Watson and Francis Crick figure out the structureof DNA
ROSALYN FRANKLIN
Tell 2 ways DNA is different from RNA
DNA RNADouble stranded Single strandedDeoxyribose sugar Ribose sugarA,T,C,G A,U,C,GNo Uracil No thymineContains genetic code Carries code from Stays in nucleus nucleus to cytoplasm
Helps with protein synthesis
Making a DNA copy = _____________
Using DNA code to
make an RNA = ___________________
Using an RNA messageto make a protein = _______________
replication
translation
transcription
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/watsoncrick.html
Name the two scientists received theNobel prize for figuring out the structure of DNA
JAMES WATSON &FRANCIS CRICK
DNA → DNA = _____________
DNA → RNA = ___________________
RNA → protein = _______________
replication
translation
transcription
Name this subunit used to buildnucleic acids like DNA & RNA
If this was going to make RNA whatsugar would be used?
Which nitrogen base could NOT be used?
Image by: Riedell
NUCLEOTIDE
ribose
THYMINE
Name this subunit used to buildnucleic acids like DNA & RNA
If this was going to make DNA whatsugar would be used?
Which nitrogen base could NOT be used?
Image by: Riedell
NUCLEOTIDE
deoxyribose
URACIL
Tell what nitrogen base these letters stand for
_____________= A
_____________ = G
_____________ = C
______________ = T
______________ = U
ADENINEGUANINECYTOSINETHYMINEURACIL
Image from: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/picts/dna.jpg
Which molecules make up the backbone (sides of ladder)in a DNA molecule?
Sugar and phosphates
Purines
A
G
Nitrogen bases with 2 rings are called ______________
© Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
Pyrimidines
C
T
Nitrogen bases with 1 ring are called ______________
© Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
Hydrogen
Image from: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif
_____________ bondsbetween nitrogen bases hold the two strands together.
Growth
Growth
Replication fork
DNA polymerase
New strand
Original strand DNA
polymerase
Nitrogenous bases
Replication fork
Original strand
New strand
The sites where strand separation and replication occur are called _____________replication forks
Name the 3 kinds of RNA
_________________RNA Combines with proteins to form
ribosomes
_________________RNA Matches m-RNA codon to add correctamino acids during protein synthesis
_________________RNA carries code from DNA to ribosomes
rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reservedmRNA image from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/tmp/labeling/1140654_dyn.gif
RIBOSOMAL
TRANSFER
MESSENGER
Use the mRNA codon wheel to determine the amino acid being coded for:
C C A =___________
C G U = __________
U U C = __________
G C A = __________
U A G = __________
proline
arginine
phenylalanine
STOP
alanine
Name the 3 kinds of RNA
_________________RNA
_________________RNA
_________________RNA
rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reservedmRNA image from http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/tmp/labeling/1140654_dyn.gif
RIBOSOMAL
TRANSFER
MESSENGER
A= _________
B= _________
C= _________
D= ___________
F= _____________
G = __________________
Images modified from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved
NUCLEUS
m-RNAamino acid
ribosome
t-RNA
codon
Amino acid