RNIB branded word template Loss Data … · Web viewBlindness (severe sight loss) is defined as best-corrected visual acuity of

Sight Loss Data Tool Version 2.2: Guidance Notes

December 2014Version 2.2

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ContentsSight Loss Data Tool Version 2.1: Guidance Notes........................1

Contents......................................................................................21. Introduction..............................................................................52. Geography...............................................................................83. Area profile..............................................................................9

3.1 General population – number and proportion by age band93.2 General population – number and proportion by ethnic group......................................................................................103.3 Local area deprivation.....................................................11

4. Living with sight loss..............................................................134.1 Number of people living with sight loss............................134.2 Prevalence of sight loss...................................................144.3 Future projections of the number of people living with sight loss and the prevalence of sight loss in 2020 and 2030........15

5. Certification...........................................................................165.1 Number of Certifications of Vision Impairment.................165.2 Rate of Certifications of Vision Impairment by specific eye conditions...............................................................................165.3 Change in rate of Certifications of Vision Impairment from 2010/11 to 2011/12................................................................17

6. Registration...........................................................................196.1 Number of people registered as blind or partially sighted196.2 Proportion of people registered blind or partially sighted also recorded as having an additional disability.....................206.3 Rate of registration per 100,000 people...........................216.4 Percentage change in registration over time...................22

7. Children and young people...................................................247.1 Number of children and young people.............................247.2 Number of blind and partially sighted children and young people....................................................................................247.3 Number and proportion of children with visual impairment as primary SEN......................................................................267.4 Proportion of visually impaired children and young people aged 0-16 with primary a SEN of visual impairment..............27

8. Older people..........................................................................288.1 Number of older people...................................................288.2 Number of older people living with sight loss...................288.3 Number of older people living in care homes...................29

9. NHS sight tests......................................................................31

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9.1 Number of NHS sight tests..............................................319.2 Rate of NHS sight tests...................................................33

10. Cost of sight loss.................................................................3510.1 Total and proportion of NHS expenditure on problems of vision or ophthalmic services.................................................3510.2 NHS expenditure on problems of vision per person......3710.3 Total indirect cost of sight loss.......................................3810.4 Indirect cost of sight loss per person.............................39

11. Sight threatening eye conditions.........................................4011.1 Number of people living with age-related macular degeneration; 2011, 2015 and 2020......................................4011.2 Number of people living with cataract in 2011, 2015 and 2020.......................................................................................4211.3 Number of people living with glaucoma in 2011, 2015 and 2020.......................................................................................4311.4 Number of people living with diabetes in 2011, 2015 and 2020.......................................................................................4411.5 Proportion of people with diabetes attending retinal screening...............................................................................4611.6 Number of people living with diabetic retinopathy in 2011, 2015 and 2020.......................................................................46

12. Support................................................................................4912.1 Eye clinic support...........................................................4912.2 Rehabilitation support....................................................5012.3 Number of blind and partially sighted people in receipt of adult social care services.......................................................5112.4 Number of blind and partially sighted people in receipt of Disability Living Allowance.....................................................51

13. Other health conditions and disability..................................5313.1 Falls...............................................................................5313.2 Dementia.......................................................................5413.3 Stroke............................................................................5513.4 Hearing impairment.......................................................56

Appendix A – Additional resources...........................................581. Toolkits and guides for using data.....................................582. Directory of services..........................................................583. Other useful data tools.......................................................58

Appendix B – References..........................................................63Appendix C – Geographical areas............................................67

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1. IntroductionSight Loss Data Tool RNIB’s Sight Loss Data Tool provides information about blind and partially sighted people and those at risk of sight loss at a local level throughout the UK.

The data tool is aimed at supporting expert local knowledge by providing a range of different indicators. These indicators are broadly either based on official statistics (for example Census 2011, register of blind and partially sighted people, s) or modelled estimates based on existing research (for example number of people living with sight loss). These indicators can support a number of different activities, including: Better understanding of blind and partially sighted people and

those at risk of sight loss in your area. Local, relevant and evidence based statistics to engage with

funders or commissions. Population data to use in planning services or strategy

development.

You can find the latest version of the Sight Loss Data Tool, guidance notes and a user guide at www.rnib.org.uk/datatool.

Guidance notesThese guidance notes have been developed to accompany the Sight Loss Data Tool. This document provides further details of the sources of data and evidence, calculations that have been used to develop the indicators and limitations that may need to be considered when interpreting the data.

The structure of this document follows the chapters used in the reports generated in the data tool: General population Registration Certification Living with sight loss Children and young people Older people NHS sight tests

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Cost of sight loss Sight threatening eye conditions Support Other health conditions and disability

Indicators have been grouped together where they share sources and methodology. There is a brief introduction to each group of indicators and the following information:

Coverage and typeThe coverage of an indicator relates to which parts of the UK are covered by the data. This is particularly relevant for official statistics as coverage and availability often varies between the countries within the UK.

The type of indicator highlights whether or not the data is based on official statistics or is an estimate calculated by RNIB.

SourcesReferences for each indicator are provided. An overview of all the sources used in the Sight Loss Data Tool can be found in Appendix B.

DefinitionsInformation related to how the data was collected, what it includes and any information about terminology.

CalculationDetails of any calculations used in developing the indicators are highlighted.

Modelled estimatesSome of the indicators in the data tool are estimates based on existing research and evidence. These estimates are often the only way that we can provide information on certain topics, and they have been included as a guide for further discussion. They do not take into account local variation or additional demographic factors that are not included in the base prevalence rates. If you have any

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questions about using this type of data then please contact us at [email protected].

FeedbackYour feedback is extremely important to RNIB. Prioritisation of the development of features included in Version 2 of this data tool was based on the feedback we received for Version 1. If different geographical boundaries would be helpful, or if information you would like to see included is missing then please let us know.

We would also like to hear which aspects of the data tool you find most useful, how you are using it and of any impact having access to this data has had on the support to blind and partially sighted people and those at risk of sight loss in your area.

Sight loss UK and Evidence-based reviewsSight loss UK is an annual evidence review, which uses a range of indicators that show us what life is like for people with experience of sight loss and those at risk of sight loss at national level.

Our Evidence-based reviews look in more detail at the experiences of blind and partially sighted people in different age groups. They include a profile of the group, the policies that govern and impact upon their lives, and a commentary on what the evidence tells us.

You can access “Sight loss UK 2013” and the Evidence-based reviews at www.rnib.org.uk/research.

Further informationIf you have any questions about the Sight Loss Data Tool or require any additional statistics or evidence related to blind and partially sighted people or those at risk of sight loss, then please contact [email protected].

The best way to keep up to date with RNIB’s research, including future updates to the Sight Loss Data Tool, is to sign up for email notifications on the RNIB website. You can add your contact details at www.rnib.org.uk/research in order to receive these notifications.

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2. GeographyThe aim of the Sight Loss Data Tool is to provide information at a local level throughout the UK. Below is a brief summary of the geographical boundaries used in the data tool, a complete list can be found in Appendix C.

EnglandData in England is provided for upper-tier council areas, that is Unitary Authority and County level. Data is also provided for the nine government office regions in England. Data is not provided at a district council level or for any form of health boundaries (for example Care Commissioning Group).

If you require information based on health boundaries we have provided further information about a range of other data tools that will be able to help in Appendix A.

WalesData in Wales is provided for all local authorities and regional Health Boards.

ScotlandData in Scotland is provided for all local authorities and regional NHS Health Boards.

Northern Ireland Data in Northern Ireland is provided for all local government districts and NHS Trusts.

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3. Area profileThis section provides information about the characteristics of a local area. This includes the age and ethnicity of the residents of the area, and information about the average level of deprivation.

3.1 General population – number and proportion by age bandThese indicators provide an overview of the age profile of the general population. Data is provided on specific age bands covering both number and proportion of the area population in each age band.

Coverage and typeAll areas; official statistics.

SourcesONS (2012) 2011 Census: Usual resident population by single year of age, unrounded estimates, local authorities in the United Kingdom. Office for National Statistics.

DefinitionsFor 2011 Census purposes, a usual resident of the UK is anyone who, on census day, was in the UK and had stayed or intended to stay in the UK for a period of 12 months or more, or had a permanent UK address and was outside the UK and intended to be outside the UK for less than 12 months.

The age bands used in the data tool are: 0–4 years 5–17 years 18–29 years 30–49 years 50–64 years 65–74 years 75–84 years 85 years and over

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CalculationThe proportion of people in each age band was calculated as follows:

Proportion in age band = (Number in age band/Total number of people)

3.2 General population – number and proportion by ethnic groupThese indicators provide an overview of the population by ethnic group. Data is provided for both the number and proportion of the area population in each ethnic group.


SourcesONS (2012) 2011 Census: Key Statistics for local authorities in England and Wales, Ethnic group. Office for National Statistics.

NRS (2013) 2011 Census: Ethnic groups. National Records of Scotland.

NISRA (2013) 2011 Census: Ethnicity, Identity, Language and Religion. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.

DefinitionsEthnic group classifies people according to their own perceived ethnic group and cultural background in response to the 2011 Census.

The following broad categories have been used in the data tool: White (this includes British, Irish and Other White) Mixed Ethnicity (this includes White and Black Caribbean; White

and Black African; White and Asian; and Other Mixed) Asian or Asian British (this includes Indian; Pakistani;

Bangladeshi; and Other Asian or Asian British) Black or Black British (this includes Black Caribbean; Black

African; and Other Black or Black British) Chinese or Other Ethnic Group

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CalculationThe proportion of people in each ethnic group was calculated as follows:

Proportion in ethnic group = (Number in ethic group/Total number of people)

3.3 Local area deprivation These indicators provide information on the extent of deprivation in a local area. For some areas, there is also information on how the local authority ranks in terms of overall deprivation when compared to others in the same country.

Coverage and typeExtent of deprivation is available for all areas, rank of local authority is available for England and Northern Ireland; official statistics.

SourcesDCLG (2010) English Indices of Deprivation 2010: county summaries. Department for Communities and Local Government.

NISRA (2010) Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure 2010. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.

Scottish Government (2012) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. Scottish Government.

Welsh Government (2012) Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012. Welsh Government.

DefinitionsThe extent of deprivation is a measure of the proportion of people in a local authority who are living in the most deprived Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs) in the country. (Note: LSOAs are called Data Zones in Scotland.) LSOAs were developed to improve the reporting of small area statistics, with the unit of geography having between 1,000–3,000 people or 400–1,200 households within its boundary.

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Official statistics on deprivation in England and Northern Ireland also provide an overall rank for local authorities. This was calculated by using the average for all LSOAs in a council area across all indices of deprivation.

Full details of the definitions used in each country and the weightings used to calculate the extent of deprivation can be found in the original sources.

CalculationNone.

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4. Living with sight lossAlmost two million people in the UK are living with sight loss that has a significant impact on their daily lives. This figure includes people who are registered blind or partially sighted and those whose sight is just better than the level which qualifies for registration. It also includes people who are awaiting or having treatment and people whose vision could be improved by wearing correctly prescribed glasses.

4.1 Number of people living with sight loss These indicators provide an estimate for the number of people living with sight loss and severe sight loss in 2011.

Coverage and typeAll areas; RNIB estimate.

SourcesAccess Economics (2009) Future Sight Loss UK 1: The economic impact of partial sight and blindness.

ONS (2012) 2011 Census: Usual resident population by single year of age, unrounded estimates, local authorities in the United Kingdom. Office for National Statistics.

DefinitionBlindness (severe sight loss) is defined as best-corrected visual acuity of <6/60 in the better-seeing eye. Partial sight is defined as best-corrected visual acuity of <6/12 to 6/60 in the better-seeing eye.

This definition differs from that used in the Certification of Vision Impairment process. Further details about the methodology used to calculate this data can be found in the “Future Sight Loss UK 1” report (Access Economics, 2009). For comparison, further details on the definitions used in the certification process can be found in the “Certification and Registration Processes” report (Boyce, 2012).

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However, the modelling does not take into account a number of factors that may influence the results for each area. For example: BME communities; local good practice on the eye care pathway, deprivation, etc.

CalculationBase prevalence rates split by age, gender, severity and cause were applied to 2011 Census population estimates split by age and gender. There are around 600 base prevalence rates in this calculation, further details can be found in the “Future Sight Loss UK 1” report.

4.2 Prevalence of sight loss Estimates on how common sight loss is amongst the general population in a given area.




DefinitionThe prevalence of sight loss highlights what proportion of the general population is living with sight loss at any one time.

Age is the key factor in the prevalence of sight loss. Areas that have a larger proportion of older people will have a higher estimated prevalence of sight loss when compared to an area with a younger age profile.

CalculationThe prevalence of sight loss for each area was calculated as follows:

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Prevalence of sight loss = Number of people living with sight loss/Total population from 2011 Census

4.3 Future projections of the number of people living with sight loss and the prevalence of sight loss in 2020 and 2030The base prevalence rates highlighted in the “Future Sight Loss UK 1” report have been applied to sub-national population projections. This provides an estimate of the projected number of people living with sight loss in 2020 and 2030.

Coverage and typeAll areas; RNIB estimate. (Note: sub-national population projections in Northern Ireland were only available to 2023, and so estimates for 2030 are not available for this area.)

SourcesAccess Economics (2009) Future Sight Loss UK 1: The economic impact of partial sight and blindness. RNIB.

ONS (2012) 2010-based subnational population projections for England. Office for National Statistics.

NISRA (2010) Sub-Northern Ireland Population Projections (2008 based). Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.

GRO Scotland (2012) 2010-based Population Projections for Scottish Areas. General Register Office for Scotland.

Welsh Government (2010) 2008-based local authority population projections for Wales. Welsh Government.

DefinitionSee sections 4.1 and 4.2.

CalculationSee sections 4.1 and 4.2.

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5. CertificationA Certification of Vision Impairment (CVI) formally certifies a person as either sight impaired (partially sighted) or severely sight impaired (blind). Each CVI form is completed by a consultant ophthalmologist in an eye clinic, with a copy being sent to the local social services department which provides a formal route to social care services.

5.1 Number of Certifications of Vision ImpairmentThese indicators provide an overview of the number of new Certifications of Vision Impairment issued in 2011/12.

Coverage and typeEngland and Wales; official statistics.

SourcesMoorfields Eye Hospital (2013) Number of Severely Sight Impaired and Sight Impaired Certificates of Vision Impairment by local areas in England and Wales.

DefinitionAll Certification of Vision Impairment forms sent to Moorfields Eye Hospital are included. The totals for England and Wales include any “location unknown” CVI forms.

Details of the eligibility criteria used by consultant ophthalmologists in the certification process can be found in the “Certification and Registration Processes” report (Boyce, 2012).

CalculationNone.

5.2 Rate of Certifications of Vision Impairment by specific eye conditionsThe rate of CVIs shows us how many people have experienced sight loss as a result of a specific eye conditions out of every 100,000 people at risk.

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Coverage and typeEngland; official statistics.

SourcesPublic Health England (2013) Public Health Outcomes Framework Data Tool; indicators on avoidable sight loss: data for 2011/12.

DefinitionCause of sight loss, age of patient and location are taken from the Certification of Vision Impairment form, a copy of which is sent to Moorfields Eye Hospital.

The specific indicators are: Rate of Age related Macular Degeneration (AMD) CVIs for

people aged 65 and over per 100,000 population Rate of glaucoma CVIs for people aged 40 and over per

100,000 population Rate of diabetic retinopathy CVIs for people aged 12 and over

per 100,000 population Rate of CVIs for all ages per 100,000 population

Full details of how these indicators are calculated can be found on the Public Health Outcomes Framework Data Tool website www.phoutcomes.info.

CalculationNone.

5.3 Change in rate of Certifications of Vision Impairment from 2010/11 to 2011/12How the overall rate of certification (all ages) has changed from 2010/11 to 2011/12.

Coverage and typeEngland; RNIB estimate.

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SourcesPublic Health England (2013) Public Health Outcomes Framework Data Tool; indicators on avoidable sight loss.

DefinitionThe Public Health Outcomes Framework Data Tool contains information on the rate of certifications per 100,000 people in 2010/11 and 2011/12. This indicator highlights the percentage change in these rates between the two years.

It cannot be assumed that an increase in the rate of certification is bad, nor can it be assumed that a decrease in the rate of certification is a sign of successfully tackling avoidable sight loss. Changes in the rate of certification could be influenced by a range of factors, such as care pathways or local practice by individual consultants. These are factors that need to be explored locally.

CalculationThe percentage change in the rates of certifications per 100,000 people between 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 was calculated as follows:

Percentage change in rate of CVIs = ((Rate of CVIs in 2011/12/Rate of CVIs in 2010/11)-1)

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6. RegistrationUpon receipt of a completed Certification of Vision Impairment form, a social services department offers registration and other relevant advice and support. Registers of blind and partially sighted people are maintained by all local authorities to help them plan and deliver services.

6.1 Number of people registered as blind or partially sightedData on the number of registered blind or partially sighted people in each local area is published each year in Wales and every three years in England. This data is not published in Northern Ireland, and has not been updated in Scotland since 2010.

Registration as blind or partially sighted in voluntary, however it can lead to some benefits and concessions such as blind person’s tax allowance, access to loan equipment and help with the cost of travel. The individual should be contacted by the local authority once a Certification of Vision Impairment (CVI) form is received to invite them to receive an assessment of need. If the person consents, and even if the assessment does not lead to provision of service, the registration should be affected.

Coverage and typeEngland, Wales and Scotland; official statistics.

SourcesHSCIC (2014) Registered Blind and Partially Sighted People - England, Year ending 31 March 2014. Health and Social Care Information Centre.

Scottish Government (2010) Registered Blind and Partially Sighted Persons, Scotland 2010. Scottish Government.

Welsh Government (2013) Local Authority Registers of People with Disabilities, 31 March 2012. Welsh Government.

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DefinitionsThe register of blind and partially sighted people can be a useful indicator for people living with serious and permanent sight loss. However, there are limitations to the data which mean it is not considered to be a definitive measure of the number of blind and partially sighted people in an area: Certifications of Vision Impairment are not issued to all eligible

patients. There is uncertainty as to how often councils update the

register, for example removing people who have died. People may be living with sight loss that has a significant impact

on their daily lives but are not eligible for certification or registration.

Age banding varies between England, Wales and Scotland. The age bands available for areas within these countries are as follows: England: 0–4; 4–17; 18–49; 50–64; 65–74; 75 and over. Wales: 0–17; 18–64; 65 and over. Scotland: 0–64; 65 and over.

CalculationNone.

6.2 Proportion of people registered blind or partially sighted also recorded as having an additional disability The register of blind and partially sighted people can also record details of any additional disability. This indicator highlights the proportion of the registered population that are recorded as having an additional disability.

Coverage and typeEngland; official statistics.


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DefinitionsThe following broad categories are used to record any additional disabilities: Hard of Hearing Deaf without speech Deaf with speech Physical Disability Learning Disability Mental health

It is not clear how complete the additional disability elements of the register of blind and partially sighted people are. It is likely that this will vary considerably between local areas. Therefore, this data is not a definitive measure of the number of people with sight loss and an additional disability.

CalculationThe proportion of registered population recorded with an additional disability was calculated as follows:

Proportion of registered population with additional disability = (Number of people with additional disability /Total number of registered blind and partially sighted people)

6.3 Rate of registration per 100,000 people This indicator provides data on how many people are registered blind or partially sighted per 100,000 people in the general population.

Coverage and typeEngland, Wales and Scotland; RNIB estimate.


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DefinitionSee sections 1.1 and 4.1 for definitions of 2011 Census and registration data.

CalculationThe rate of registered blind and partially sighted people per 100,000 people was calculated as follows:

Rate of registration per 100k people = (Number of people registered as blind or partially sighted /Total population)*100000

Raw population data has been used to calculate the crude rate of registration. No weightings or age standardisation were used in this indicator.

6.4 Percentage change in registration over timeThis indicator provides data on the percentage change in the number of registered blind and partially sighted from between 2010/11 and 2013/14.

Note: This indicator only currently available in the main data table and does not appear in any of the custom reports.

Coverage and typeEngland only.

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HSCIC (2014) Registered Blind and Partially Sighted People - England, Year ending 31 March 2014. Health and Social Care Information Centre.

DefinitionSee 4.1 for definitions of registration data.

CalculationThe percentage change is calculated as follows:

Percentage change = (Number of people registered as blind or partially sighted in 2014/Number of people registered as blind or partially sighted in 2011)-1

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7. Children and young people We estimate that there are around 25,000 blind and partially sighted children and young people aged 0-16 in the UK, and 15,000 aged 17-25. Around half of these will have additional disabilities and/or special educational needs. Many of these children and young people will need help and support in order to maximise their potential in education and in other activities.

7.1 Number of children and young peopleThese indicators provide Information on the number of children and young people in the general population. They are similar to the indicators in the area profiles (section 3), but these indicators use different age banding.



DefinitionsThe age bands used here are 0–16 and 17–25.

For 2011 Census purposes, a usual resident of the UK is anyone who, on census day, was in the UK and had stayed or intended to stay in the UK for a period of 12 months or more, or had a permanent UK address and was outside the UK and intended to be outside the UK for less than 12 months.

CalculationNone.

7.2 Number of blind and partially sighted children and young peopleBy applying base prevalence rates to population statistics from Census 2011 we are able to estimate the number of blind and

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partially sighted children and young people by local areas. Indicators are provided for both blind and partially sighted children and young people aged 0–16 and 17–25 years.


SourcesKeil (2013) Key statistics on number of blind and partially sighted children and young people in England. RNIB.

Morris and Smith (2008) Educational provision for blind and partially sighted children and young people in Britain: 2007. National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) for RNIB.


DefinitionsThe base prevalence of visual impairment in children and young people was estimated to be: 0.05 per cent for blind 0.15 per cent for partially sighted

Based on Morris and Smith (2008) and Keil (2013), we estimate that around half of these children will have an additional disability.

CalculationThe number of children and young people in each age band was calculated as follows:

Number of blind children = Total number of children x 0.05%

Number of partially sighted children = Total number of children x 0.15%

Number of children with an additional disability = Total number of blind and partially sighted children x 50%

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7.3 Number and proportion of children with visual impairment as primary SENChildren with special educational needs (SEN) who are known to VI services are recorded by the local authority. In England and Scotland this information is published annually, and provides an overview of the number and proportion of pupils who are recorded as having a primary SEN of visual impairment.

Coverage and typeEngland and Scotland; official statistics.

SourcesDfE (2013) Special educational needs in England: January 2013. Department for Education.

Scottish Government (2012) Supporting Children's and Young People's Learning: A report on progress of implementation of the Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004. Scottish Government.

DefinitionsIn England we are able to provide both overall totals and a breakdown by educational setting: Primary school Secondary school Special schools

These indicators only highlight children with visual impairment recorded as their primary SEN. There are other children with a visual impairment whose primary SEN is recorded under a different disability. Therefore, these indicators are not a definitive measure of the number of blind and partially sighted children in an area.

CalculationNone.

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7.4 Proportion of visually impaired children and young people aged 0-16 with primary a SEN of visual impairmentThis indicator uses data on the number of blind and partially sighted children and young people (RNIB estimate) and compares this to pupils who have a primary SEN of visual impairment (official statistics).

Coverage and typeEngland only; RNIB estimate.

SourcesDfE (2013) Special educational needs in England: January 2013. Department for Education.



DefinitionsSee section 6.1 and 6.2.

CalculationProportion of blind and partially sighted children with VI as primary SEN = Number of children with VI as primary SEN / Estimated number of blind and partially sighted children

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8. Older peopleThe older you are, the more likely your chances are to be living with sight loss. One in five people aged 75 and over are living with sight loss; compared to one in two aged 90 and over. Older people with sight loss are also much more likely to have additional health conditions or disabilities.

8.1 Number of older peopleThese indicators provide an overview of the number of older people in the general population. The data is the same as used in the Area Profile indicators (section 3), and has been included here for convenience.



DefinitionsThe age bands used in these indicators are: 65–74 years; 75–84 years; and 85 years and over.

CalculationNone.

8.2 Number of older people living with sight lossEstimates for the number of older people living with sight loss based on the age bands: 65–74 years; 75–84 years; and 85 years and over.


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DefinitionsBlindness (severe sight loss) is defined as best-corrected visual acuity of <6/60 in the better-seeing eye. Partial sight is defined as best-corrected visual acuity of <6/12 to 6/60 in the better-seeing eye.

This definition differs from that used in the Certification of Vision Impairment process. It is a broader definition, and includes people who would not be eligible for certification.

CalculationBase prevalence rates split by age, gender, severity and cause were applied to 2011 Census population estimates split by age and gender.

8.3 Number of older people living in care homesData from the 2011 Census allows us to identify what proportion of the general population live in different types of residence. This indicator uses this data is identify the number of people living in care homes.

Coverage and typeAll areas; Official statistics.

SourcesONS (2013) Census 2011: Communal establishment residents, local authorities in England and Wales. Office for National Statistics.

Scottish Government (2012) Scotland’s Census 2011: Communal establishment residents. Scottish Government.

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NISRA (2013) Communal Establishment Residents and Long-Term Health Problem or Disability. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.

DefinitionsThe communal resident values from Census 2011 are: Medical and care establishment: Other: Care home with nursing Medical and care establishment: Other: Care home without

nursing

CalculationNone.

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9. NHS sight testsSight tests paid for by the NHS are provided primarily by optometrists to eligible patients, such as children, people aged 60 and over, people on low incomes and some people suffering from or pre-disposed to eye disease. The exception is Scotland, where NHS sight tests are universally available to all patients.

Data on NHS sight tests is obtained from forms completed by providers, which are a payment mechanism. The nature of the way this data is collected has an impact on the quality of the data, and patients may be eligible for a NHS sight test under multiple eligibility criteria but only one will be recorded.

9.1 Number of NHS sight testsThese indicators provide a summary of the number of NHS sight tests conducted in 2012/13.

Coverage and typeCountries in the UK, council areas and regions in England and health boards in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland; Official statistics and RNIB estimates

SourcesHSCIC (2013) General Ophthalmic Services, Activity Statistics, England, 2012-13. Health and Social Care Information Centre.

HSCNI (2013) General Ophthalmic Service Statistics in Northern Ireland 2012-13. Health and Social Care Northern Ireland.

ISD Scotland (2013) Ophthalmic Workload Statistics, Scotland, 2012-13. Information Services Division, NHS Scotland.

Welsh Government (2013) NHS ophthalmic statistics by Local Health Board, Wales, 2012-13. Welsh Government.

DefinitionsThe number of NHS sight tests for a number of different eligibility criteria has been included in the data tool:

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60 years and over 15 years and under Students aged 16–18 years NHS sight tests related to benefits Total number of NHS sight tests

(Note: for Scotland and Northern Ireland only the total number of NHS sight tests has been included.)

CalculationIn England, data on NHS sight tests for 2012/13 was published for Primary Care Trusts (PCTs). The degree of overlap between health and administrative boundaries varies, therefore in order to match PCTs to council areas, the following approaches were taken: PCTs where boundaries are coterminous with council areas -

the figures were mapped directly across with no additional calculation. For example, Redbridge PCT maps directly to Redbridge local authority.

Multiple PCTs where boundaries are coterminous with a council area - figures were combined. For example, three PCTs map directly to Birmingham local authority.

Single PCTs boundaries are coterminous with multiple local authorities – the proportion of the PCT population in each local authority was calculated, and this was applied to each of the local authority areas. For example, Halton and St Helens PCT is coterminous with Halton and St Helens local authorities.

Where there is no coterminosity between PCTs and local authorities, Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) population data was used to calculate weightings for each local authority. For example, Stoke on Trent PCT contains some LSOAs that form part of Staffordshire local authority.

Due to small population sizes, no data has been provided for the Isles of Scilly, City of London or Rutland.

In Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, official statistics have been used. Data on NHS sight tests is not published for local authorities in these areas. As a result data for NHS Health Boards

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have been provided. A full list of the local authorities in each NHS Health Board can be found in Appendix B of these guidance notes.

9.2 Rate of NHS sight testsThe rate of NHS sights is a measure of how many people per 100,000 have had a sight test in the last year.

Coverage and typeCountries in the UK, council areas and regions in England and health boards in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland; Official statistics and RNIB estimates

SourcesHSCIC (2013) General Ophthalmic Services, Activity Statistics, England, 2012-13. Health and Social Care Information Centre.




DefinitionsThe rate of NHS sight tests has been included for the following populations: All ages Aged 60 and over Aged 15 and under

(Note: for Scotland and Northern Ireland only the rate of NHS sight tests for all ages has been included.)

CalculationIn England, data on NHS sight tests for 2012/13 was published for Primary Care Trusts. The degree of overlap between health and

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administrative boundaries varies, therefore in order to match PCTs to council areas, the following approaches were taken: PCTs where boundaries are coterminous with council areas -

the rates of NHS sight tests were mapped directly across with no additional calculation.

In all other instances (see section 9.1) new rates were calculated by dividing the number of NHS sight tests for each local authority by population estimates from the 2011 Census.

In Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, official statistics have been used. Data on NHS sight tests is not published to local authorities in these areas. As a result data for NHS Health Boards have been provided. A full list of the local authorities in each NHS Health Board can be found in Appendix B of these guidance notes.

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10. Cost of sight lossThere are a number of different costs associated with the provision of eye health services, such as inpatient procedures, outpatient appointments and the ongoing treatment of eye conditions. There are also indirect costs caused by sight loss, including the provision of informal care to those with sight loss, often provided by family and friends.

10.1 Total and proportion of NHS expenditure on problems of vision or ophthalmic servicesNHS Programme Budgets provide detailed information on how money was spent on healthcare in England and Wales. This data is a key resource allowing commissioners to see where money is being spent, and it is increasingly being linked to outcome data in order to assess the value for money of outcomes, prioritise and drive reform and quality improvement initiatives.

In Scotland NHS expenditure data is provided under different clinical specialities, and the cost of ophthalmic services can be highlighted.

Coverage and typeEngland and Wales, council areas and regions in England and health boards in Wales; Official statistics and RNIB estimates.

Scotland, NHS Health Boards; Official statistics.

SourcesDH (2013) Programme Budgeting Benchmarking Tool, 2011/12. Department for Health.

ISD Scotland (2013) Expenditure on ophthalmic services, by NHS sector and board, 2012/13. Information Services Division, part of NHS National Services Scotland.

Welsh Government (2013) NHS Programme Budgets, 2011/12. Welsh Government.

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DefinitionsData for England and Wales relates to the “problems of vision” disease category in NHS Programme Budgets and total Programme Budget expenditure.

Data for Scotland relates to hospital and Family Health Service expenditure related to ophthalmology.

CalculationIn England, data on NHS Programme Budgets was published for Primary Care Trust geography. The degree of overlap between health and administrative boundaries varies, therefore in order to match PCTs to council areas, the following approaches were taken: PCTs where boundaries are coterminous with council areas -

the expenditure was mapped directly across with no additional calculation. For example, Redbridge PCT maps directly to Redbridge local authority.

Multiple PCTs where boundaries are coterminous with a council area – expenditures for the PCTs were combined to make a single local authority amount. For example, three PCTs map directly to Birmingham local authority.

Single PCTs boundaries are coterminous with multiple local authorities – the proportion of the PCT population in each local authority was calculated, and this weighting was applied to expenditure data to obtain estimates for each local authority. For example, Halton and St Helens PCT is coterminous with Halton and St Helens local authorities.

Where there is no coterminosity between PCTs and local authorities, Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) population data was used to create individual weightings for each local authority, and this was applied to expenditure data to obtain estimates for each local authority. For example, Stoke on Trent PCT contains some LSOAs that form part of Staffordshire local authority.

Due to small population sizes, no data has been provided for the Isles of Scilly, City of London or Rutland.

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In Wales official statistics have been used. Data on Programme Budgets is not published to local authority areas in this country. As a result data for NHS Health Boards has been provided.

In Scotland official statistics have been used. Data on ophthalmology expenditure is not published to local authority areas in this country. As a result data for NHS Health Boards has been provided.

The proportion of NHS Programme Budget spent on “problems of vision” was calculated as follows:

Proportionate spend on problems of vision = Spend on problems of vision / Total spent

10.2 NHS expenditure on problems of vision per personInformation on the amount of Programme Budget expenditure related to problems of vision per person.

Coverage and typeEngland and Wales, council areas and regions in England and health boards in Wales; Official statistics and RNIB estimates.

SourcesDH (2013) Programme Budgeting Benchmarking Tool, 2011/12. Department for Health.


DefinitionsSee section 10.1 for information on NHS Programme Budgets, and section 3.1 for information on usual resident population estimates.

CalculationIn England, published data on Programme Budget spend per person uses Hospital and Community Health Services weighting to adjust for variations in the demographic profile of an area. We were not able to use this published data because of the

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calculations used to provide information at a local authority level. Therefore we have used raw population data to calculate this indicator.

In Wales official statistics have been used. Data on Programme Budgets is not published to local authorities in this area. As a result data for NHS Health Boards have been provided.

10.3 Total indirect cost of sight lossIt is estimated that the total indirect cost of sight loss to the UK economy is £5.3 billion each year. This indicator apportions this figure to all the local authorities in the UK based on the prevalence of sight loss in each area.




DefinitionsIndirect costs include a range of costs, the largest element being informal care provided to blind and partially sighted people by family and friends. Other significant elements are lower rates of employment and the cost of specialist equipment. Full details can be found in the Access Economics report “Future Sight Loss UK 1”.

See section 4.1 for details on how estimates for the number of people living with sight loss are calculated.

CalculationIndirect cost of sight loss in a local authority = (Number of people living with sight loss in the local

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authority/Total number of people living with sight loss in the UK) x £5.3 billion

10.4 Indirect cost of sight loss per person This indicator provide data on the estimated indirect cost of sight loss per person.

Coverage and typeAll areas, RNIB estimates.



DefinitionsSee section 10.3 for information on the indirect cost of sight loss, and section 3.1 for information on usual resident population.

CalculationEstimated indirect cost of sight loss per person = Total indirect cost of sight loss / Total population

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11. Sight threatening eye conditionsThere are a number of people who are living with a sight threatening eye condition. This includes people who have experienced sight loss as a result of age-related macular degeneration, cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. It also includes people with the early stages of these diseases who have not experienced any reduction in their vision at this point.

11.1 Number of people living with age-related macular degeneration; 2011, 2015 and 2020Aged-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in the UK, and is the most common cause of sight loss recorded on Certification of Vision Impairment forms. Many more people receive a diagnosis of AMD and are living either with the early or late stages of the disease.


SourcesGRO Scotland (2012) 2010-based Population Projections for Scottish Areas. General Register Office for Scotland.

NEHEM (2013) National Eye Health Epidemiological Model. Data and models by Public Health Action Support Team, published by Local Optical Committee Support Unit.





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DefinitionsThe indicators in the sight loss data tool provide information on: Early AMD/Drusen Late stage dry AMD (geographic atrophy AMD) Late stage wet AMD (neovascular AMD) Any late stage AMD (wet or dry)

See the National Eye Health Epidemiology Model (NEHEM) for further information about how age-related macular degeneration was defined: www.eyehealthmodel.org.

CalculationBase prevalence rates for AMD split by age and gender were taken from NEHEM and applied to population estimates from the 2011 Census and the relevant sub-national population projections for each country.

Base prevalence rates for AMD in malesAge band Total late

stage AMD Late stage wet AMD

Late stage dry AMD

Early AMD/ Drusen

50-54 0.09% 0.02% 0.06% 3.58%55-59 0.20% 0.06% 0.11% 4.95%60-64 0.43% 0.16% 0.22% 6.86%65-69 0.90% 0.38% 0.51% 9.73%70-74 1.97% 1.40% 0.56% 12.52%75-79 4.07% 2.63% 1.91% 18.66%80+ 6.94% 5.56% 1.39% 23.26%

Base prevalence rates for AMD in femalesAge band Total late

stage AMD Late stage wet AMD

Late stage dry AMD

Early AMD/ Drusen

50-54 0.21% 0.25% 0.00% 4.36%55-59 0.37% 0.39% 0.01% 5.89%60-64 0.64% 0.60% 0.05% 7.97%65-69 1.03% 0.92% 0.11% 9.89%70-74 2.36% 1.42% 0.95% 17.29%75-79 3.15% 2.17% 1.18% 18.09%80+ 15.00% 10.50% 5.75% 28.86%

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11.2 Number of people living with cataract in 2011, 2015 and 2020Cataract surgery is the most common surgical procedure performed in the NHS. There are around 400,000 cataract operations in the UK each year. This indicator provides information on the number of people who are estimated to be living with a cataract in either or both eyes.








DefinitionsSee the National Eye Health Epidemiology Model for further information about how cataract was defined: www.eyehealthmodel.org.

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CalculationBase prevalence rates for cataract split by age were taken from NEHEM and applied to population estimates from the 2011 Census and the relevant sub-national population projections for each country.

Base prevalence rates for cataractAge band Prevalence of cataract (low

estimate)40-49 0.04%50-59 0.17%60-69 0.81%70-79 3.91%80+ 11.73%

11.3 Number of people living with glaucoma in 2011, 2015 and 2020Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of avoidable sight loss; and was the main or contributory cause in around 15 per cent of Certifications of Vision Impairment in 2011/12.






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DefinitionsSee the National Eye Health Epidemiology Model for further information about how glaucoma was defined: www.eyehealthmodel.org.

CalculationPopulation prevalence rates for glaucoma in each of the UK countries were taken from NEHEM and applied to the relevant 2011 Census and sub-national population projections.

Population prevalence rates of glaucoma by country in the UK taken from NEHEM: England = 1.47 per cent Northern Ireland = 1.29 per cent Wales = 1.37 per cent Scotland = 1.5 per cent

11.4 Number of people living with diabetes in 2011, 2015 and 2020Diabetes is a common life-long health condition, where the amount of glucose in the blood is too high because the body cannot use it properly. Diabetes can lead to sight loss caused by diabetic eye disease, including diabetic retinopathy.


SourcesDiabetes UK (2013) Diabetes in the UK 2013. Diabetes UK.


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DefinitionsThe prevalence rates for diabetes taken from a Diabetes UK publication were sourced from the Health Survey for England 2010.

CalculationBase prevalence rates for diabetes split by age and gender were taken from the “Diabetes in the UK 2013” report applied to population estimates from 2011 Census and the relevant sub-national population projections for each country.

Base prevalence rates for diabetes Age band Prevalence of

diabetes – menPrevalence of diabetes – women

16-34 1.80% 2.10%35-54 9.40% 6.60%55-64 11.10% 8.00%65-74 15.20% 12.20%75+ 15.90% 13.20%

11.5 Proportion of people with diabetes attending retinal screening Diabetic retinopathy is a common cause of blindness in the UK, particularly amongst the working age population. Regular

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screening allows prompt identification and effective treatment if necessary of sight threatening diabetic retinopathy.

Coverage and typeEngland only; official statistics.

SourcesPublic Health England (2013) Public Health Outcomes Framework Data Tool, Access to non-cancer screening programmes: diabetic retinopathy, 2011/12.

DefinitionsThis indicator highlights the proportion of patient who were offered and attended retinal screening. Some people with diabetes are excluded from the screening programme, and they are not included in this indicator. Someone may be excluded from the screening programme for a number of reasons, possible reasons for exclusion are that the patient may have opted-out, already be attending an eye clinic or have a terminal illness.

Other supporting information related to this indicator can be found on the Public Health Outcomes Framework Data Tool website: www.phoutcomes.info.

CalculationNone.

11.6 Number of people living with diabetic retinopathy in 2011, 2015 and 2020Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes, resulting in damage to the blood vessels in the eye. It is a common cause of blindness in the UK, particularly amongst the working age population.


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Minassian and Reidy (2009) Future Sight Loss UK 2: An epidemiological and economic model for sight loss in the decade 2010-2020. EpiVision and RNIB.





DefinitionsSee the “Future Sight Loss UK 2” report for further information about how the various stage of diabetic retinopathy were defined: www.rnib.org.uk/research.

CalculationPopulation prevalence rates for different stages of diabetic retinopathy were applied to the relevant 2011 Census and sub-national population projections.

The prevalence rates used were: Background diabetic retinopathy = 28 per cent of people with

diabetes. Non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy = 3.2 per

cent of people with diabetes.

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12. SupportThe provision of emotional and practical support at the right time can help people who are experiencing sight loss to retain their independence and access the support they need.

12.1 Eye clinic supportPlease note: in Version 2.2 these indicators have been temporarily removed from the Sight Loss Data Tool. We are committed to providing the most accurate and up to date information available. Our eye clinic support mapping is currently undergoing a major update, and we will provide more and better information on eye clinic support in Version 3 of the SLDT.

Patient experience in the eye clinic can be important to future independence. It is here that people receive their diagnosis, undergo treatment and potentially go through the process of receiving a Certificate of Vision Impairment. Support at any of these stages may be invaluable to someone experiencing sight loss

These indicators highlight the number of eye clinics with and without some form of emotional and practical support in place for patients.


SourcesRNIB (2013) Eye clinic mapping data. Unpublished.

DefinitionsDesk research was undertaken to identify hospital locations providing outpatient ophthalmology appointments. Each location providing outpatient ophthalmology appointments was contacted by telephone to enquire about the support in place. In addition, we have used contacts gained through our Eye Clinic Support Services course and the Early Intervention Support Network to keep this information up-to-date.

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A hospital was counted as having some form of emotional and practical support in place if: Eye Clinic Liaison Officers were in post. Other professionals were providing an ECLO-type role, for

example an ophthalmic nurse with an element of patient support built into their role, or some form of Patient Support Service was in place.

Volunteers were in place.

This indicator does not take into account the possible varying quality of support. It also does not take into account the varying sizes of eye clinics.

CalculationHospital locations were mapped to specific local authorities using postcodes. Hospitals often provide services to patients from multiple local authorities, but the data tool does not provide information on this.

12.2 Rehabilitation supportPlease note: in Version 2.2 these indicators have been temporarily removed from the Sight Loss Data Tool. We are committed to providing the most accurate and up to date information available. Our rehabilitation services mapping is currently undergoing a major update, and we will provide more and better information on rehab support in Version 3 of the SLDT.

Visual impairment rehabilitation is an intervention delivered by specialist professionals. Rehabilitation Officers help people to maximise their functional vision and skills for confident daily living. A survey conducted by the Social Care Association in 2012 mapped the provision of this support in England.

Coverage and typeEngland only; RNIB estimate.

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SourcesSCA (2012) Estimated number of ROVIs currently working in the UK. Social Care Association

DefinitionsData based on responses to a survey conducted by the Social Care Association in 2012. This outlined the number of Rehabilitation Officers – Visual Impairment in local authorities.

CalculationNone.

12.3 Number of blind and partially sighted people in receipt of adult social care servicesSocial care involves the provision of help with personal care and domestic tasks to enable people to live as independently as possible. This care can be provided in people's own homes or in a residential setting. This indicator relates to social care provided or paid for by councils with responsibilities for social care.

Coverage and typeEngland only; official statistics.

SourcesNASCIC (2013) Adult social care: Referrals, Assessments and Packages of Care data, 2012/13. National Adult Social Care Information Centre.

DefinitionsThe indicator uses the Referrals, Assessments and Packages of Care dataset to estimate the number of blind and partially sighted people in receipt of social care in 2012/13.

CalculationBlindness and Deaf Blind categories have been combined to provide a total for blind and partially sighted people.

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12.4 Number of blind and partially sighted people in receipt of Disability Living Allowance Disability Living Allowance (DLA) is a benefit paid to help people with the extra costs incurred as a result of a disability, and it is paid at different rates depending on the level of need.

Coverage and typeEngland, Wales and Scotland; official statistics.

SourcesDWP (2013) Benefit claimants: Disability Living Allowance by disabling condition. Department for Work and Pensions.

DefinitionsData on the number of Disability Living Allowance claimants by disabling conditions in November 2012 has been used in this indicator.

CalculationBlindness and Deaf Blind categories have been combined to provide a total for blind and partially sighted people.

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13. Other health conditions and disabilityThe section on other health conditions and disability provides an overview of some of the common additional health problems that can impact on blind and partially sighted people. Indicators are provided on falls, dementia, stroke and hearing impairment.

13.1 FallsThese indicators provide estimates on the number of people aged 65 and over who suffer at least one fall each year. Further estimates are provided for the number of serious falls that require hospital admission. We can use this data on falls within the general population to estimate the number of blind and partially sighted people who fall each year and how many falls were directly attributable to sight loss.



Boyce T, Stone MK, Johnson S and Simkiss P (2013) Projecting numbers of falls related to visual impairment. British Journal of Healthcare Management 2013 Vol 19 No 6.

POPPI (2013) Projecting Older People Population Information System. Institute of Public Care for the Department of Health.

DefinitionNumber of falls is defined as people who reported having at least one fall during the last 12 months.

Number of falls that required hospital admission is based on a study of A&E admissions.

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CalculationPrevalence rates for people who report falls or falls that required hospital admission were obtained from POPPI and were applied to Census 2011 population data. Methodology from Boyce et al (2013) was then applied to estimate the number of blind and partially sighted people who suffered a fall and the number of falls that were directly attributable to sight loss.

The number of falls occurring and directly attributed to visual impairment was calculated as follows: Number of falls which occurred in individuals with visual

impairment = 8.04 per cent of total number of falls. Number of falls which can be directly attributed to the visual

impairment = 3.80 per cent of total number of falls.

Base prevalence rates of people aged 65 and over reporting a fall in the general populationAge range Percentage of males

reporting a fallPercentage of females reporting a fall

65–69 18% 23%70–74 20% 27%75–79 19% 27%80–84 31% 34%85+ 43% 43%

Base prevalence rates of falls that require hospital admission for people aged 65 and over in the general populationAge range Percentage of population with a

fall requiring hospital admission65–69 0.52%70–74 0.92%75+ 3.68%

13.2 DementiaThese indicators provide estimates on the number of people aged 65 and over in the general population who are living with some form of dementia.

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DefinitionThe term “dementia” is used to describe a collection of symptoms, including a decline in memory, reasoning and communication skills, and a gradual loss of skills needed to carry out daily activities.

CalculationPrevalence rates for dementia, split by age and sex, were taken from POPPI and applied to Census 20111 population data.

Base prevalence rates men and women with dementiaAge range Percentage of males

with dementiaPercentage of females with dementia

65–69 1.5% 1.0%70–74 3.1% 2.4%75–79 5.1% 6.5%80–84 10.2% 13.3%85–89 16.7% 22.2%90+ 27.9% 30.7%

13.3 StrokeThese indicators provide estimates on the number of people aged 65 and over who have a longstanding health condition caused by a stroke.

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DefinitionBased on survey data where participants were asked if they had experienced a stroke.

CalculationBase prevalence rates for stroke, split by age and gender, were taken from POPPI and applied to Census 2011 population data.

Base prevalence rates of men and women reporting a strokeAge range Percentage of males

reporting a strokePercentage of females reporting a stroke

65–74 2.8% 1.2%75+ 3.8% 1.9%

13.4 Hearing impairmentThese indicators provide an overview of the number of people living with hearing impairment by severity in the UK.



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DefinitionHearing loss and deafness is measured by finding the quietest sounds someone can hear using tones with different frequencies. Hearing thresholds are measured in decibels hearing levels (dBHL). Anyone with thresholds between 0 and 20 dBHL across all the frequencies is considered to have 'normal' hearing. The greater the threshold level is in dBHL the worse the hearing loss. Moderate deafness: The quietest sounds that can be heard in

the better ear is on average between 35 and 49 decibels. Severe deafness: The quietest sounds that can heard in better

ear is on average between 50 and 94 decibels. Profound deafness: The quietest sounds can be heard in the

better ear is on average 95 decibels or more.

CalculationBase prevalence rates for hearing loss, split by age and gender, were taken from POPPI and applied to Census 2011 population data.

Base prevalence rates for moderate or severe and profound hearing lossAge range Percentage

of males with moderate or severe hearing loss

Percentage of females with moderate or severe hearing loss

Percentage of males with profound hearing loss

Percentage of females with profound hearing loss

20–24 0.18% 0.24% 0.0% 0.0%25–34 0.0% 0.95% 0.0% 0.0%35–44 0.78% 2.09% 0.0% 0.0%45–54 7.15% 4.13% 0.0% 0.09%55–64 14.81% 8.09% 0.12% 0.13%65–74 22.69% 15.79% 0.43% 0.78%75–84 60.63% 63.43% 0.41% 0.80%85+ 85.05% 84.8% 3.45% 4.73%

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Appendix A – Additional resourcesThis section provides information on some other useful data tools and resources. This is not a comprehensive list.

1. Toolkits and guides for using data

Effective eye care commissioningwww.commissioningforeyecare.org.uk

Guidance published by the UK Vision Strategy to support commissioners. The resource includes of a range information, including data sources and key policy documents.

Making disability data work for youhttp://odi.dwp.gov.uk/fulfilling-potential/toolkit.php

The Office for Disability Issues has published a new toolkit that shows what data has been published about disability and how that data can be used. It aims to help organisation find and use data to support their work.

2. Directory of services

Sightline directorywww.sightlinedirectory.org.uk

Sightline is an online directory of services and organisations that help blind and partially sighted people in the UK. The directory is maintained by RNIB.

3. Other useful data tools

Child Health Profileswww.chimat.org.uk/profiles

Child health profiles give a snapshot of child health and wellbeing for each local authority in England, using key health indicators.

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http://www.chimat.org.uk/profiles

http://www.sightlinedirectory.org.uk/

http://odi.dwp.gov.uk/fulfilling-potential/toolkit.php

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Users can compare this information to local, regional and national data.

Commissioning for Valuewww.england.nhs.uk/resources/resources-for-ccgs/comm-for-value/

Data packs published by NHS England for each Care Commissioning Group and area team. These packs aim to help commissioners access data, evidence and tools to help them make decisions and plan services for patients and populations in their areas.

Daffodilwww.daffodilcymru.org.uk

Daffodil provides information to help plan care services might be required in local areas in Wales. Information from research and population projections show potential need for care over the next 20 years for children, adults and older people.

Health profileswww.healthprofiles.info/

Health Profiles is a programme to improve availability and accessibility for health and health-related information in England. The profiles give a snapshot overview of health for each local authority in England. Health Profiles are produced annually. Designed to help local government and health services make decisions and plans to improve local people's health and reduce health inequalities, the profiles present a set of health indicators that show how the area compares to the national average.

Local Healthwww.localhealth.org.uk

Developed by Public Health England, the Local Health resource provides interactive maps for a number of indicators from ward to local authority level.

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http://www.localhealth.org.uk/

http://www.healthprofiles.info/

http://www.daffodilcymru.org.uk/

http://www.england.nhs.uk/resources/resources-for-ccgs/comm-for-value/

http://www.england.nhs.uk/resources/resources-for-ccgs/comm-for-value/

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Longer Lives Data Toolhttp://longerlives.phe.org.uk/

Longer Lives highlights premature mortality across every local authority in England, giving people important information to help them improve their community’s health.

National Eye Health Epidemiological Modelwww.eyehealthmodel.org.uk

The National Eye Health Epidemiological Model (NEHEM) provides information of the number of people living with age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataract and low vision. The tool is customisable, providing users with the option to input their own base prevalence rates or population data.

National General Practice Profileshttp://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/general-practice

These profiles are designed to support GPs, clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) and local authorities to ensure that they are providing and commissioning effective and appropriate healthcare services for their local population.

Nomiswww.nomisweb.co.uk

Nomis is an online database of UK labour market statistics. This includes a wealth of data from Jobcentre Plus, the Labour Force Survey and benefits such as Disability Living Allowance and Attendance Allowance.

Older People’s Health and Wellbeing Atlaswww.wmpho.org.uk/olderpeopleatlas

The Older People’s Health and Wellbeing Atlas provides a snapshot profile of each local authority in England. Interactive maps and charts enable comparisons to be made nationally for over 100 indicators. The atlas can be used to highlight deficits in the health and care of older people and large variations between

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http://www.wmpho.org.uk/olderpeopleatlas

http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/

http://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/general-practice

http://www.eyehealthmodel.org.uk/

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local authorities across England. The information will be of use to the wide range of organisations with an interest in the health and care of older people.

PANSIwww.pansi.org.uk

Projecting Adult Needs and Service Information (PANSI) provides access to projections of the numbers, characteristics and care needs of people aged 18–64 in England at national, regional and council level.

POPPIwww.poppi.org.uk

Projecting Older People Population Information (POPPI) provides access to projections of the numbers, characteristics and care needs of people over 65 in England at national, regional and council level.

Public Health Outcomes Framework Toolwww.phoutcomes.info

The Public Health Outcomes Framework sets out a vision for public health, desired outcomes and the indicators that will help us understand how well public health is being improved and protected. The framework concentrates on two high-level outcomes to be achieved across the public health system, and groups further indicators into four ‘domains’ that cover the full spectrum of public health.

This tool currently presents data for available indicators at England and upper tier local authority levels, collated by Public Health England.

StatsWaleshttps://statswales.wales.gov.uk

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http://www.poppi.org.uk/

http://www.pansi.org.uk/

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StatsWales is the Welsh Government’s free-to-use online repository for detailed statistical data for Wales. The system covers nearly 1,000 datasets, including key information on a wide range of topics such as population, education, health and disability.

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Appendix B – References

Access Economics (2009) Future Sight Loss UK 1: The economic impact of partial sight and blindness.

Boyce T (2012) The Certification and Registration Processes: Stages, barriers and delays. RNIB.

Boyce T, Stone MK, Johnson S and Simkiss P (2013) Projecting numbers of falls related to visual impairment. British Journal of Healthcare Management 2013 Vol 19 No 6.

DCLG (2010) English Indices of Deprivation 2010: county summaries. Department for Communities and Local Government.

DfE (2013) Special educational needs in England: January 2013. Department for Education.

DH (2013) Programme Budgeting Benchmarking Tool, 2011/12. Department for Health.

Diabetes UK (2013) Diabetes in the UK 2013. Diabetes UK.

DWP (2013) Benefit claimants: Disability Living Allowance by disabling condition. Department for Work and Pensions.



HSCIC (2013) General Ophthalmic Services, Activity Statistics, England, 2012-13. Health and Social Care Information Centre.


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ISD Scotland (2013) Expenditure on ophthalmic services, by NHS sector and board, 2012/13. Information Services Division, part of NHS National Services Scotland.


Keil (2013) Key statistics on number of blind and partially sighted children and young people in England. RNIB.

Moorfields Eye Hospital (2013) Number of Severely Sight Impaired and Sight Impaired Certificates of Vision Impairment by local areas in England and Wales.


NASCIC (2013) Adult social care: Referrals, Assessments and Packages of Care data, 2012/13. National Adult Social Care Information Centre.



NISRA (2010) Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure 2010. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.

NISRA (2013) Communal Establishment Residents and Long-Term Health Problem or Disability. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.

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NISRA (2013) 2011 Census: Ethnicity, Identity, Language and Religion. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.

NRS (2013) 2011 Census: Ethnic groups. National Records of Scotland.



ONS (2012) 2011 Census: Key Statistics for local authorities in England and Wales, Ethnic group. Office for National Statistics.

ONS (2013) Census 2011: Communal establishment residents, local authorities in England and Wales. Office for National Statistics.


Public Health England (2013) Public Health Outcomes Framework Data Tool; indicators on avoidable sight loss: data for 2011/12.

Public Health England (2013) Public Health Outcomes Framework Data Tool: indicators on non-cancer screening. Public Health England.

RNIB (2013) Eye clinic mapping data. Unpublished.

SCA (2012) Estimated number of ROVIs currently working in the UK. Social Care Association.


Scottish Government (2012) Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. Scottish Government.

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Scottish Government (2012) Supporting Children's and Young People's Learning: A report on progress of implementation of the Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004. Scottish Government.

Scottish Government (2012) Scotland’s Census 2011: Communal establishment residents. Scottish Government.

Welsh Government (2012) Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation 2012. Welsh Government.





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Appendix C – Geographical areasThis section provides a summary of all of the geographical areas covered in the Sight Loss Data Tool.

1. England North EastDarlington; Durham; Hartlepool; Middlesbrough; Northumberland; Redcar & Cleveland; Stockton-on-Tees; Gateshead; Newcastle-upon-Tyne; North Tyneside; South Tyneside; Sunderland.

North WestCumbria; Lancashire; Blackburn with Darwen; Blackpool; Cheshire East; Cheshire West and Chester; Halton; Warrington; Bolton; Bury; Knowsley; Liverpool; Manchester; Oldham; Rochdale; Salford; Sefton; St Helens; Stockport; Tameside; Trafford; Wigan; Wirral.

Yorkshire and the HumberNorth Yorkshire; East Riding; Kingston-upon-Hull; North East Lincolnshire; North Lincolnshire; York; Barnsley; Bradford; Calderdale; Doncaster; Kirklees; Leeds; Rotherham; Sheffield; Wakefield.

East MidlandsDerbyshire; Leicestershire; Lincolnshire; Northamptonshire; Nottinghamshire; Derby; Leicester; Nottingham; Rutland.

West MidlandsStaffordshire; Warwickshire; Worcestershire; Herefordshire; Shropshire; Stoke-on-Trent; Telford and Wrekin; Birmingham; Coventry; Dudley; Sandwell; Solihull; Walsall; Wolverhampton.

South WestDevon; Dorset; Gloucestershire; Somerset; Bath & N E Somerset; Bournemouth; Bristol; Cornwall; Isles of Scilly; North Somerset; Plymouth; Poole; South Gloucestershire; Swindon; Torbay; Wiltshire.

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EastCambridgeshire; Essex; Hertfordshire; Norfolk; Suffolk; Bedford; Central Bedfordshire; Luton; Peterborough; Southend; Thurrock.

LondonCamden; Greenwich; Hackney; Hammersmith & Fulham; Islington; Kensington & Chelsea; Lambeth; Lewisham; Southwark; Tower Hamlets; Wandsworth; Westminster; City of London; Barking & Dagenham; Barnet; Bexley; Brent; Bromley; Croydon; Ealing; Enfield; Haringey; Harrow; Havering; Hillingdon; Hounslow; Kingston-upon-Thames; Merton; Newham; Redbridge; Richmond-upon-Thames; Sutton; Waltham Forest.

South EastBuckinghamshire; East Sussex; Hampshire; Kent; Oxfordshire; Surrey; West Sussex; Bracknell Forest; Brighton & Hove; Isle of Wight; Medway Towns; Milton Keynes; Portsmouth; Reading; Slough; Southampton; West Berkshire; Windsor & Maidenhead; Wokingham.

2. Scotland NHS Ayrshire & ArranEast Ayrshire, North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire

NHS BordersScottish Borders

NHS Dumfries & GallowayDumfries and Galloway

NHS FifeFife

NHS Forth ValleyClackmannanshire, Falkirk and Stirling

NHS GrampianAberdeenshire, City of Aberdeen and Moray

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NHS Greater Glasgow & ClydeCity of Glasgow, West Dunbartonshire, East Dunbartonshire, Renfrewshire, East Renfrewshire and Inverclyde; plus parts of South Lanarkshire and North Lanarkshire.

NHS HighlandArgyll and Bute and Highland.

NHS LanarkshireNorth Lanarkshire, South Lanarkshire.

NHS LothianCity of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian, West Lothian

NHS OrkneyOrkney

NHS ShetlandShetland

NHS TaysideCity of Dundee, Angus and Perth and Kinross

NHS Western IslesWestern Isles

3. WalesAbertawe Bro Morgannwg UHBSwansea, Neath Port Talbot and Bridgend

Aneurin Bevan Health BoardCaerphilly, Blaenau Gwent, Torfaen, Monmouthshire and Newport

Betsi Cadwaladr UHBAnglesey, Gwynedd, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire and Wrexham

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Cardiff & Vale UHBCardiff and Vale of Glamorgan

Cwm Taf Health BoardRhondda Cynon Taf and Merthyr Tydfil

Hywel Dda Health BoardCeredigion, Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire

Powys Teaching Health BoardPowys

4. Northern IrelandBelfast Health and Social Care TrustBelfast and Castlereagh

Northern Health and Social Care TrustAntrim, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Carrickfergus, Coleraine, Cookstown, Larne, Magherafelt, Moyle and Newtownabbey

South Eastern Health and Social Care TrustArds, Down, Lisburn and North Down

Southern Health and Social Care TrustArmagh, Banbridge, Craigavon, Dungannon and Newry & Mourne

Western Health and Social Care TrustFermanagh, Limavady, Derry, Omagh and Strabane

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Documents

RNIB branded word template Loss Data … · Web viewBlindness (severe sight loss) is defined as best-corrected visual acuity of