Road Traffic Noise Assessment - City of Cockburn

Lloyd George Acoustics

POBox717HillarysWA6923

T:94017770F:93004199E:[email protected]:www.lgacoustics.com.au

POBox717,WA6025

Web:www.lgacoustics.com.au

Road Traffic Noise Assessment

Kwinana Freeway, South Lake & Bibra Lake Reference: 16073651-01.docx

Prepared for: CityofCockburn

Version: 1, Version Date: 01/02/2018Document Set ID: 7226662

Report:16073651-01.docx

LloydGeorgeAcousticsPtyLtdABN:79125812544

POBox717HillarysWA6923

Contacts DanielLloyd TerryGeorge MattMoyle OlivierMallié

E:

M:

[email protected]

0439032844

[email protected]

0400414197

[email protected]

0412611330

[email protected]

0439987455

Date: Rev Description PreparedBy Verified

08/09/17 0 IssuedtoClientforCommentasDraft TerryGeorge MattMoyle

03/10/17 IssuedtoClientasFinal TerryGeorge

Thisreporthasbeenpreparedinaccordancewiththescopeofservicesdescribedinthecontractor

agreementbetweenLloydGeorgeAcousticsPtyLtdandtheClient.Thereportreliesupondata,surveys,

measurementsandresultstakenatorundertheparticulartimesandconditionsspecifiedherein.Any

findings,conclusionsorrecommendationsonlyapplytotheaforementionedcircumstancesandnogreater

relianceshouldbeassumedordrawnbytheClient.Furthermore,thereporthasbeenpreparedsolelyfor

usebytheClient,andLloydGeorgeAcousticsPtyLtdacceptsnoresponsibilityforitsusebyotherparties.



Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION__________________________________________________________________1

2 CRITERIA _______________________________________________________________________5

3 METHODOLOGY__________________________________________________________________6

3.1 SiteMeasurements____________________________________________________________6

3.2 NoiseModelling ______________________________________________________________7

3.2.1 GroundTopography,RoadDesign&CadastralData_______________________________7

3.2.2 TrafficData_______________________________________________________________7

3.2.3 GroundAttenuation________________________________________________________9

3.2.4 ParameterConversion ______________________________________________________9

4 RESULTS________________________________________________________________________9

4.1 NoiseMonitoring _____________________________________________________________9

4.2 NoiseModelling _____________________________________________________________10

5 ASSESSMENT___________________________________________________________________15

List of Tables Table2-1OutdoorNoiseCriteria________________________________________________________5

Table3-2TrafficInformationUsedintheModelling ________________________________________8

Table4-1MeasuredAverageNoiseLevels–16VirgiliaTerrace,SouthLake______________________9

Table5-1PackagePriority____________________________________________________________16



List of Figures Figure1-1TheLakesRevitalisationandSchemeAmendmentArea_____________________________1

Figure1-2ProposedDensityandZoningforBibraLake______________________________________2

Figure1-3ProposedDensityandZoningforSouthLake _____________________________________3

Figure1-4ImplicationsofDifferentResidentialDensities____________________________________4

Figure3-1PhotographofNoiseDataLogger:16VirgiliaTerrace,SouthLake_____________________6

Figure4-1NoiseMonitoringResults:16VirgiliaTerrace,SouthLake __________________________10

Figure4-2NoiseContourPlot:GroundFloor_____________________________________________11

Figure4-3NoiseContourPlot:FirstFloor________________________________________________12

Figure4-4NoiseContourPlot:SecondFloor _____________________________________________13

Figure4-5NoiseContourPlot:ThirdFloor_______________________________________________14

Figure5-1NoiseMitigationRequirements:GroundFloor___________________________________17

Figure5-2NoiseMitigationRequirements:FirstFloor______________________________________18

Figure5-3NoiseMitigationRequirements:SecondFloor ___________________________________19

Figure5-4NoiseMitigationRequirements:ThirdFloor_____________________________________20

Appendices A AcceptableTreatmentPackages

B Terminology



Reference:16073651-01.docx Page1

1 INTRODUCTION

The City of Cockburn are undertaking The Lakes Revitalisation Strategy Scheme Amendment,covering theareas shown inFigure1-1,being in the suburbsofNorthLake,BibraLakeandSouthLake,WA.ThisreportfocusesontheareasofSouthLakeandBibraLake,inrelationtothepotentialnoise impactsassociatedwithKwinanaFreeway. Theproposeddensityandzoning intheareasofinterestareshowninFigures1-2&1-3.

Figure 1-1 The Lakes Revitalisation and Scheme Amendment Area




Figure 1-2 Proposed Density and Zoning for Bibra Lake




Figure 1-3 Proposed Density and Zoning for South Lake




Thezoningremainsresidential,butincreasesindensitynominallyfromR20increasingtoR30,R40,R60andsomesmallareasofR80.Figure1-4showstheimplicationsofthenewdensitycodes.ForR20,R30andR40,singlestoreyordoublestoreydwellingsarepermittedwhereasR60maybethreestoreysandR80fourstoreysandpotentiallyhigher.

Figure 1-4 Implications of Different Residential Densities

Changing the density has the potential to encourage redevelopment. As an example, 80BolderwoodDrive, South Lake currently has a single storey dwelling on a 698m2 lot,which is themaximum number of dwellings for the lot size under R20 Coding. Under the R60 coding, it ispermittedtohave4single,groupedormultipledwellings.

The expectation is that the redevelopmentwill occur over a number of years. The focus of thisreport is todefinenoiseaffectedareas,basedoncomputermodelling. Thiswill allow theCityofCockburn to identify lots that are affected and provide deemed-to-satisfy acoustic (DTS)construction packages for redevelopment of the site as development applications are submitted.Alternatively, site specific acoustic assessmentsmaybe requestedby City of CockburnormaybeundertakenbythedeveloperratherthanadoptingtheDTSstandard.

AppendixBcontainsadescriptionofsomeoftheterminologyusedthroughoutthisreport.




2 CRITERIA

The criteria relevant to this assessment is the State Planning Policy 5.4 Road and Rail TransportNoiseandFreightConsiderationsinLandUsePlanning(hereafterreferredtoasthePolicy)producedbytheWesternAustralianPlanningCommission(WAPC).TheobjectivesinthePolicyareto:

• Protectpeople fromunreasonable levels of transportnoisebyestablishing a standardisedsetofcriteriatobeusedintheassessmentofproposals;

• Protect major transport corridors and freight operations from incompatible urbanencroachment;

• Encouragebestpracticedesignandconstructionstandardsfornewdevelopmentproposalsandneworredevelopmenttransportinfrastructureproposals;

• Facilitatethedevelopmentandoperationofanefficientfreightnetwork;and

• Facilitatethestrategicco-locationoffreighthandlingfacilities.

ThePolicy’soutdoornoisecriteriaareshownbelowinTable2-1.Thesecriteriaapplyatanypoint1-metrefromahabitablefaçadeofanoisesensitivepremisesandinoneoutdoorlivingarea.

Table 2-1 Outdoor Noise Criteria

Period Target Limit

Day(6amto10pm) 55dBLAeq(Day) 60dBLAeq(Day)

Night(10pmto6am) 50dBLAeq(Night) 55dBLAeq(Night)

Note:The5dBdifferencebetweenthetargetandlimitisreferredtoasthemargin.

In the application of these outdoor noise criteria to new noise sensitive developments, theobjectivesofthisPolicyistoachieve-

• acceptable indoor noise levels in noise-sensitive areas (e.g. bedrooms and living roomsofhouses);and

• a ‘reasonable’ degree of acoustic amenity in at least one outdoor living area on eachresidentiallot.

If a noise sensitive development takes place in an areawhere outdoor noise levelswillmeet thetarget,nofurthermeasuresarerequiredunderthispolicy.

In areas where the target is exceeded, customised noise mitigation measures should beimplemented with a view to achieving the target in at least one outdoor living area on eachresidential lot,or ifthis isnotpracticable,withinthemargin.Whereindoorspacesareplannedtobefacingoutdoorareasthatareabovethetarget,mitigationmeasuresshouldbeimplementedtoachieveacceptableindoornoiselevelsinthosespaces.

Forresidentialbuildings,“acceptableindoornoiselevels”aretakentobe40dBLAeq(Day)inlivingareasand35dBLAeq(Night)inbedrooms.




3 METHODOLOGY

Noise modelling has been undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the Policy asdescribed in Section 3.2. Noise monitoring was undertaken as part of Lloyd George Acoustics’involvementwiththesouthboundcarriagewaywideningoftheKwinanaFreewayandassuch,thishasbeenutilisedaspartofthisstudy.

3.1 Site Measurements

Noise monitoring was undertaken as part of a previous study in relation to the southboundcarriagewaywideningoftheKwinanaFreeway.Thepurposeofthemonitoringisto:

• Quantifytheexistingnoiselevels;

• Determine the differences between different acoustic parameters (LA10,18hour, LAeq(Day) andLAeq(Night));and

• Calibratethenoisemodelforexistingconditions.

TheinstrumentsusedwereARLType316noisedataloggers,locatedatexistingresidences,withthemicrophone1.4metresabovegroundlevel.TheloggerwasprogrammedtorecordhourlyLA1,LA10,LA90,andLAeqlevels.ThisinstrumentcomplieswiththeinstrumentationrequirementsofAustralianStandard2702-1984Acoustics –Methods for theMeasurementofRoadTrafficNoise. The loggerwasfieldcalibratedbeforeandafterthemeasurementsessionandfoundtobeaccuratetowithin+/-1dB.LloydGeorgeAcousticsalsoholdscurrentlaboratorycalibrationcertificatefortheloggers.AphotographoftheloggerisprovidedinFigure3-1.

Figure 3-1 Photograph of Noise Data Logger: 16 Virgilia Terrace, South Lake




Aspartoftheearlierstudy,otherloggerswerealsodeployed,howeverthesewerefocusedontheeast side of the Freeway, since noise control would be implemented on this side. Whilst theseresults arenotprovided, they still contribute to the calibrationof thepreviouslydevelopednoisemodel.

Thenoisedatacollectedwasverifiedbyinspectionandprofessionaljudgement.

3.2 Noise Modelling

ThecomputerprogrammeSoundPLAN7.4wasutilisedincorporatingtheCalculationofRoadTrafficNoise(CoRTN)algorithms,modifiedtoreflectAustralianconditions.Themodificationsincludedthefollowing:

• Vehicleswereseparatedintoheavy(AustroadsClass3upwards)andnon-heavy(AustroadsClasses1&2)withnon-heavyvehicleshavingasourceheightof0.5metresaboveroadlevelandheavyvehicleshavingtwosources,atheightsof1.5metresand3.6metresaboveroadlevel, to represent theengineandexhaust respectively. By splitting thenoise source intothree, allows for less barrier attenuation for high level sources where barriers are to beconsidered.

• Notethatcorrectionsareappliedtotheexhaustof–8.0dB(basedonTransportationNoiseReferenceBook,PaulNelson,1987)and to theengine sourceof–0.8dB, soas toprovideconsistentresultswiththeCoRTNalgorithmsforthenobarrierscenario;

Predictionsaremadeatheightsof1.4,4.4,7.4&10.4metresaboveground,representinggroundtothird floornoise levels. A+2.5dB façadecorrection is alsoapplied toaccount for reflectednoisewhenmeasuring1.0metrefromafacade.

Various input data are included in themodelling such as ground topography, road design, trafficvolumesetc.Thesemodelinputsarediscussedbelow.

3.2.1 Ground Topography, Road Design & Cadastral Data

TopographicaldatawasbasedonthatprovidedbytheCityofCockburnandsourcedfromLandgate.This information includes existing topographical contours, road elevations and existing buildingheights.Thisinformationenablesa3Dnoisemodeltobecreated.ForthefutureKwinanaFreeway,thenorthboundcarriagewayisassumedtobewidenedatthesameverticallevelastheexisting.

3.2.2 Traffic Data

Trafficdataincludes:

• Road Surface – Thenoise relationship betweendifferent road surface types is shownbelowinTable3-1.

Table 3-1 Noise Relationship Between Different Road Surfaces

ChipSeal Asphalt

14mm 10mm 5mm DenseGraded Novachip Stone

MasticOpenGraded

+3.5dB +2.5dB +1.5dB 0.0dB -0.2dB -1.0dB -2.5dB




TheexistingandfutureroadsurfaceofKwinanaFreewayandtheRoeHighwayon/offramps isassumedtobeopengradedasphalt. BerriganDrive isassumed tobedensegraded asphalt with the on/off ramps transitioning between open and dense gradedasphalt.

• Vehicle Speed – The existing and future posted speeds on Kwinana Freeway areassumed to be 100km/hrwith Berrigan Drive at 60km/hr near the Freeway. Vehiclespeeds on ramps transition between, with parts of the Roe Highway loop rampsreducingto40km/hr.

• Traffic Volumes – Information used in the modelling is provided in Table 3-2. TheinformationwasprovidedbyMainRoadsWesternAustralia(MRWA)inadatarequest(ClareYu,TrafficModellingAnalyst#40624viaemaildated22August2017)containingthe2016volumesandpercentageheavyvehicles(showninbrackets),2016calibrationplot(modelledtrafficvolumescomparedtocounts)andthe2031volumes.

Differences in the calibration plot are applied for the future volumes. For instance,South of Farrington Road, the modelled existing traffic volume is 54,000 vehiclesnorthbound, whereas the count indicates 44,200 vehicles northbound. In 2031, theforecastmodelled volume is 78,400 vehicles northbound so this is reduced to 68,600vehiclesnorthboundinthenoisemodel.

Table 3-2 Traffic Information Used in the Modelling

RoadName Section

TrafficVolumes

Existing Future

Northbound Southbound Northbound Southbound

KwinanaFreeway

SouthofFarringtonRoad 44200(11) 47900(10) 68,600(9) 63,400(9)

RoeHighwayInterchange 36600(12) 40700(8) 56,805(10) 53,870(7)

SouthofRoeHighway 59200(13) 59150(12) 109,100(11) 92,450(11)

BerriganDriveInterchange 49984(13) 52092(12) 9,2116(11) 81,419(11)

Ramps

RoeHwy(West)to/fromKwinanaFwy 7600(17) 7200(18) 11,795(6) 9,530(20)

KwinanaFwyto/fromRoeHwy(East) 22600(15) 18450(21) 52,295(12) 38,580(16)

BerriganDrto/fromKwinanaFwy 9,216(13) 7,058(11) 16,984(10) 11,031(10)

BerriganDrive WestofKwinanaFreeway 16,582(8) 14,380(8) 30,559(9) 22,476(9)

Note:Numbersshowninbracketindicatepercentageofheavyvehicles.




Note that for the existing scenario, there are two lanes northbound and 4 lanes southboundbetweenRoeHighway andBerriganDrive. In the future, the Kwinana Freewaywill be 4 lanes inbothdirections.

3.2.3 Ground Attenuation

The ground attenuation has been assumed to be 0.0 (0%) for the road and 0.6 (60%) elsewhere.Note0.0representshardreflectivesurfacessuchaswaterand1.00representsabsorptivesurfacessuchasgrass.

3.2.4 Parameter Conversion

The CoRTN algorithms used in the SoundPlan modelling package were originally developed tocalculate the LA10,18hour noise level. The WAPC Policy however uses LAeq(Day) and LAeq(Night). Therelationship between the parameters varies depending on the composition of traffic on the road(volumesineachperiodandpercentageheavyvehicles).

As noise monitoring was undertaken, the relationship between the parameters is based on theresultsofthemonitoring–referSection4.1.

4 RESULTS

4.1 Noise Monitoring

The results of the noisemonitoring are summarised below in Table 4-1 and shown graphically inFigures4-1.

Table 4-1 Measured Average Noise Levels – 16 Virgilia Terrace, South Lake

DateAverageWeekdayNoiseLevel,dB

LA10,18hour LAeq,24hour LAeq(Day) LAeq(Night)

18November2013 63.5 61.1 62.3 56.5

19November2013 65.3 63.0 64.3 57.4

20November2013 63.7 61.6 62.9 56.2

21November2013 62.4 60.6 61.6 57.6

22November2013 61.5 59.6 60.4 57.6

Average 63.3 61.2 62.3 57.0

The LAeq(Night) is at least 5 dB less than the LAeq(Day) so that it is the LAeq(Day) that ismore critical forcompliance.




Figure 4-1 Noise Monitoring Results: 16 Virgilia Terrace, South Lake

4.2 Noise Modelling

From the previous study, the noise model had already been calibrated. As such, the samecalibrationwasmaintainedforthisstudyandthenewfuturevolumesincorporated.Theresultsofthismodelling ispresentedasnoisecontourplots inFigures4-2to4-5,beingfortheground,first,secondandthirdfloorsrespectively.Notethatbuildingheightsareassumedtobeunchangedfromexisting so that noise modelling to upper floors is effectively above the existing houses. Asdevelopmentoccurs,thenthenoisecontourswillalsovary,sincealargebuildingwillscreennoisetoabuildinglocatedbehind.

Thenoisemodellingtogroundfloorassumestheexistingwallsexist. Inreality,noiselevelstotheground floor and first floor may be less than the reported, once the northbound carriageway iswidened.ThereasonforthisiswhenMRWAundertakethiswideningproject,theywillmostlikelyconstructnoisewallstoachievealevelofnomorethan60dBLAeq(Day)atthegroundlevelofexistinghouses.


Lloyd George Acousticsby Terry [email protected](08) 9401 7770

Length Scale 1:120000 50 100 200 300 400

m

The Lakes Revitalisation Strategy -Kwinana Freeway

LAeq(Day) Noise Level Contours Based on Future Traffic VolumesGround Floor Level

SoundPlan v7.4CoRTN Algorithms

Figure 4-2

Noise levelsLAeq,Day dB

< 5555 <= < 5656 <= < 5757 <= < 5858 <= < 5959 <= < 6060 <= < 6161 <= < 6262 <= < 6363 <= < 6464 <= < 6565 <=

Signs and symbolsRoad

Existing Building

Elevation line

Study Area

5 September 2017



Length Scale 1:120000 50 100 200 300 400

m


LAeq(Day) Noise Level Contours Based on Future Traffic VolumesFirst Floor Level


Figure 4-3


< 5555 <= < 5656 <= < 5757 <= < 5858 <= < 5959 <= < 6060 <= < 6161 <= < 6262 <= < 6363 <= < 6464 <= < 6565 <=


Existing Building

Elevation line

Study Area

5 September 2017



Length Scale 1:120000 50 100 200 300 400

m


LAeq(Day) Noise Level Contours Based on Future Traffic VolumesSecond Floor Level


Figure 4-4


< 5555 <= < 5656 <= < 5757 <= < 5858 <= < 5959 <= < 6060 <= < 6161 <= < 6262 <= < 6363 <= < 6464 <= < 6565 <=


Existing Building

Elevation line

Study Area

5 September 2017



Length Scale 1:120000 50 100 200 300 400

m


LAeq(Day) Noise Level Contours Based on Future Traffic VolumesThird Floor Level


Figure 4-5


< 5555 <= < 5656 <= < 5757 <= < 5858 <= < 5959 <= < 6060 <= < 6161 <= < 6262 <= < 6363 <= < 6464 <= < 6565 <=


Existing Building

Elevation line

Study Area

5 September 2017




5 ASSESSMENT

TheobjectivesofthePolicyarefornoiseatallhousestobenomorethanthelimitandpreferablynomorethanthetargetcriteria.Wherethetargetisachieved,nofurthercontrolsarerequired.Wherethetargetisexceeded,furthercontrolsarenecessary.

TheSPP5.4Guidelinesprovidearchitecturaldeemed-to-satisfypackagesdependingontheexternalnoiselevelasfollows:

• PackageA–Externalnoiselevelupto60dBLAeq(Day)

• PackageB–Externalnoiselevelupto63dBLAeq(Day);and

• PackageC–Externalnoiselevelupto65dBLAeq(Day).

TheabovepackagesareprovidedinAppendixAaswellasthenotificationontitlethatwouldalsoberequired, once a site is to be redeveloped. The locationswhere each is applicable is provided inFigures5-1to5-4.

Insomecases,noise levelsarepredictedtobeabove65dBLAeq(Day) inthefutureandarenotedas‘SpecialistAdvice’required.Thisadvice,oranyalternativestothedeemed-to-satisfypackages,istobeprovidedbyasuitablyqualifiedacousticalconsultant,beingamemberfirmoftheAssociationofAustralasianAcousticalConsultants(AAAC),basedonasitespecificassessmentandanalysisoftheproposedbuildingplans.

Inordertominimisepotentialnoiseimpactsandalsocostsofnoisemitigation,thefollowingshouldbeconsideredduringthedesignstage:

• Locate habitable rooms away from the transport corridor and conversely, locate non-habitablerooms(entry,bathrooms,laundries,garage,storeroomsetc.)onthesamesideofthebuildingasthetransportcorridor;

• Locateoutdoorlivingareasontheoppositesideofthebuildingtothetransportcorridororwithinanalcovetypeareasothatthereislimiteddirectlineofsight.

• Wherehabitableroomsareonthesamesideofthebuildingasthetransportcorridor:

o Locate windows/doors on the side (perpendicular) of the building or wherepossible,theoppositesideofthebuildingtothetransportcorridor;

o Keepwindow/doorsizesassmallaspracticable;

o Selectawning/casementstylewindowsoverslidingwindows;

o Donothaveslidingdooraccessfromabedroomtobalcony;

o Donotlocatebalconiesonthesamesideofthebuildingasthetransportcorridor.




It shouldbenoted that a similar studyhasbeenundertaken for thenoiseandvibration from thefreightrailline1.SomelotsareaffectedbyboththefreightrailwayandKwinanaFreeway.Inthesecases,Table5-1showsthepriorityofthePackages.

Table 5-1 Package Priority

PackagePriority Package

1 CF

2 C*

3 BF

4 B*

5 AF

6 A

*WiththeclayrooftilerequirementofthefreightpackageswherePackageBForCFisnominated.

Therefore,ifwetakealotthatisidentifiedasrequiringPackageBFfromthefreighttrainstudyandPackageCfromtheKwinanaFreewaystudy,PackageC istobeadopted,withtheinclusionofclayrooftilesasdescribedinthefreighttrainstudy.

1FreightTrainNoise&VibrationAssessment,BibraLake(North),BibraLake(North-East)&SouthLake(North);Reference:16073652-02,12January2017.



Length Scale 1:120000 50 100 200 300 400

m


Deemed to Comply Architectural PackagesGround Floor Level

Refer Implementation Guidelines for State Planning Policy 5.4

Figure 5-1


Elevation line

Study Area

Specialist Advice & Notification

Package C & Notification

Package B & Notification

Package A & Notification8 September 2017



Length Scale 1:120000 50 100 200 300 400

m


Deemed to Comply Architectural PackagesFirst Floor Level


Figure 5-2


Elevation line

Study Area







Length Scale 1:120000 50 100 200 300 400

m


Deemed to Comply Architectural PackagesSecond Floor Level


Figure 5-3


Elevation line

Study Area







Length Scale 1:120000 50 100 200 300 400

m


Deemed to Comply Architectural PackagesThird Floor Level


Figure 5-4


Elevation line

Study Area







Appendix A

ACCEPTABLE TREATMENT PACKAGES



The packages and information provided on the following pages are taken fromImplementationGuidelines for State Planning Policy 5.4 Road and Rail TransportNoise and freightConsiderationsinLandUsePlanning;December2014.

Whereoutdoornoiselevelsareabovethetargetlevel,excludingtheeffectofanyboundaryfences,theGuidelinesproposeacceptabletreatmentpackagesthatmaybeimplementedwithoutrequiringdetailedreview.Thepackagesarealsointendedforresidentialdevelopmentonly.Athighernoiselevelsorforotherbuildingusages,specialistacousticadvicewillbeneeded.

Theacceptabletreatmentpackagesareintendedtosimplifycompliancewiththenoisecriteria,andthe relevant package should be required as a condition of development in lieu of a detailedassessment.

Transition between each package should bemade on the basis of the highest incident LAeq(Day) orLAeq(Night) value to the nearest whole number determined for the building development underassessment.

AnydeparturesfromtheacceptabletreatmentspecificationsneedtobesupportedbyprofessionaladvicefromacompetentpersonthattheproposalwillachievetherequirementsofthePolicy.

Withregardstothepackages,thefollowingdefinitionsareprovided:

• Facing the transport corridor: Any part of abuildingfaçadeis‘facing’thetransportcorridorif any straight line drawn perpendicular to itsnearestroadlaneorrailwaylineintersectsthatpartofthefaçadewithoutobstruction(ignoringanyfence).

• Side-on to transport corridor: Any part of abuildingfaçadethatisnot‘facing’is‘side-on’tothetransportcorridorifanystraightlinecanbedrawnfromittointersectthenearestroadlaneorrailwaylinewithoutobstruction(ignoringanyfence).

• Oppositetotransportcorridor:Neither‘sideon’nor‘facing’,asdefinedabove.



PackageA

Area OrientationtoRoadorRailCorridor PackageA(upto60dBLAeq(Day)and55dBLAeq(Night))

Bedrooms

Facing

• Windowssystems:Glazing up to 40% of floor area (minimumRw + Ctr 28) – 6mm thickglass (monolithic, toughened or laminated) in fixed sash, awning orcasementopeningwithsealstoopenings.

Side• Windowssystems:

Asabove.

Opposite Norequirements

OtherHabitableRoomsIncluding

Kitchens

Facing

• Windowsandexternaldoorsystems:

Glazing up to 60% of floor area (minimumRw + Ctr 28) – 6mm thickglass (monolithic, toughened or laminated) in fixed sash, awning orcasementopeningwithsealstoopenings.Doors to be either 35mm thick solid timber core door with fullperimeteracoustic seals. Glazed inserts tomatch theabove. Slidingglassdoorstobesameperformanceincludingbrushseals.

Side• Windowsandexternaldoorsystems:

Asabove.


General Any

• Walls (minimumRw + Ctr 45) – Two leaves of 90mm thick brickwithminimum50mmcavity

• Roof and ceiling (minimumRw+Ctr 35) – Standard roof constructionwith10mmplasterboardceilingandminimumR2.5insulationbetweenceilingjoists.

• Eavestobeclosedusing4mmcompressedfibrecementsheet.

• Mechanicalventilation–Referfollowingpages.

OutdoorLivingArea

• Locate on the side of the building that is opposite to the corridor ifpracticable;or

• Locatewithinalcoveareasothatthehouseshields itfromcorridor ifpracticable.

Note:Anypenetrations inapartofthebuildingenvelopemustbeacousticallytreatedsoastonotdowngradetheperformanceofthe

buildingelementsaffected.Mostpenetrationsinexternalwallssuchaspipes,cablesorductscanbesealedthroughcaulkinggapswith

non-hardeningmasticorsuitablemortar.



PackageB

Area OrientationtoRoadorRailCorridor PackageB(upto63dBLAeq(Day)and58dBLAeq(Night))

Bedrooms

Facing

• Windowssystems:

Glazing up to 40%of floor area (minimumRw + Ctr31) – 10mm thickglass (monolithic, toughened or laminated) in fixed sash, awning orcasementopeningwithsealstoopenings.

Side• Windowssystems:

Asabove.

Opposite

• Windowssystems:

Glazingupto40%offloorarea(minimumRw+Ctr25)–4mmthickglass(monolithic,toughenedorlaminated)infixedsash,awningorcasementopeningwithsealstoopenings.Alternatively,6mmthickglass(monolithic,toughenedorlaminated)inslidingframe.


Kitchens

Facing


Glazing up to 60%of floor area (minimumRw + Ctr31) – 10mm thickglass (monolithic, toughened or laminated) in fixed sash, awning orcasementopeningwithsealstoopenings.Doors to be either 35mm thick solid timber core door with fullperimeteracoustic seals. Glazed inserts tomatch theabove. Slidingglass doors to have laboratory certificate confirming Rw + Ctr 31performance. Alternative, change to hinged door with perimeteracousticsealsand10mmthickglass.

Side


Glazing up to 60% of floor area (minimumRw + Ctr 28) – 6mm thickglass (monolithic, toughened or laminated) in fixed sash, awning orcasementopeningwithsealstoopenings.Doors to be either 35mm thick solid timber core door with fullperimeter acoustic seals. Glazed inserts tomatch the above. Glassdoorstobesameperformance(Rw+Ctr28)includingbrushseals.


General Any

• Walls (minimumRw + Ctr 50) – Two leaves of 90mm thick brickwithminimum 50mm cavity. Cavity to include 25mm thick, 24kg/m3insulation and where wall ties are required, these are to be anti-vibration/resilienttype.

• Roof and ceiling (minimumRw+Ctr 35) – Standard roof constructionwith10mmplasterboardceilingandminimumR2.5insulationbetweenceilingjoists.

• Eavestobeclosedusing4mmthickcompressedfibrecementsheet.


OutdoorLivingArea• Locateonthesideofthebuildingthatisoppositetothecorridor;or

• Locatewithinalcoveareasothatthehouseshieldsitfromcorridor.

Note:Anypenetrations inapartofthebuildingenvelopemustbeacousticallytreatedsoastonotdowngradetheperformanceofthe

buildingelementsaffected.Mostpenetrationsinexternalwallssuchaspipes,cablesorductscanbesealedthroughcaulkinggapswith

non-hardeningmasticorsuitablemortar.



PackageC

Area OrientationtoRoadorRailCorridor PackageC(upto65dBLAeq(Day)and60dBLAeq(Night))

Bedrooms

Facing

• Windowssystems:Glazingupto40%offloorarea(minimumRw+Ctr34)–10.5mmthickVLamHushglassinfixedsash,awningorcasementopeningwithsealstoopenings.

Side

• Windowssystems:

• Glazingup to40%of floorarea (minimumRw+Ctr31)–10mmthickglass (monolithic, toughened or laminated) in fixed sash, awning orcasementopeningwithsealstoopenings.

Opposite

• Windowssystems:

Glazingupto40%offloorarea(minimumRw+Ctr28)–6mmthickglass(monolithic,toughenedorlaminated)infixedsash,awningorcasementopeningwithsealstoopenings.


Kitchens

Facing

• Windowsandexternaldoorsystems:Glazingup to40%of floorarea (minimumRw+Ctr31)–10mmthickglass (monolithic, toughened or laminated) in fixed sash, awning orcasementopeningwithsealstoopenings.Doors to be either 40mm thick solid timber core door with fullperimeteracoustic seals. Glazed inserts tomatch theabove. Slidingglass doors to have laboratory certificate confirming Rw + Ctr 31performance. Alternatively, change to fully glazed hinged doorwithperimeteracousticsealsand10mmthickglass.

Side

• Windowsandexternaldoorsystems:Glazingup to60%of floorarea (minimumRw+Ctr31)–10mmthickglass (monolithic, toughened or laminated) in fixed sash, awning orcasementopeningwithsealstoopenings.Doors to be either 35mm thick solid timber core door with fullperimeter acoustic seals certified to Rw 30. Glazed inserts tomatchtheabove.SlidingglassdoorstohavelaboratorycertificateconfirmingRw + Ctr 31 performance. Alternatively, change to hinged doorwithperimeteracousticsealsand10mmthickglass.

Opposite

• Windowssystems:

Glazing up to 60% of floor area (minimum Rw + Ctr 28) – 6mm thickglass (monolithic, toughened or laminated) in fixed sash, awning orcasementopeningwithsealstoopenings.

General Any

• Walls (minimumRw + Ctr 50) – Two leaves of 90mm thick brickwithminimum 50mm cavity. Cavity to include 25mm thick, 24kg/m3insulation and where wall ties are required, these are to be anti-vibration/resilienttype.

• Roof and ceiling (minimumRw+Ctr 40) – Standard roof constructionwith 2 x 10mm plasterboard ceiling and minimum R3.0 insulationbetweenceilingjoists.

• Eavestobeclosedusing6mmthickcompressedfibrecementsheet.


OutdoorLivingArea• Locateonthesideofthebuildingthatisoppositetothecorridor;or

• Locatewithinalcoveareasothatthehouseshieldsitfromcorridor.Note:Anypenetrations inapartofthebuildingenvelopemustbeacousticallytreatedsoastonotdowngradetheperformanceofthebuildingelementsaffected.Mostpenetrationsinexternalwallssuchaspipes,cablesorductscanbesealedthroughcaulkinggapswithnon-hardeningmasticorsuitablemortar.



MechanicalVentilationrequirements

ItisnotedthatnaturalventilationmustbeprovidedinaccordancewithF4.6andF4.7ofVolumeOneand3.8.5.2ofVolumeTwoof theNationalConstructionCode.Wherethenoise limit is likely tobeexceeded, amechanical ventilation system is usually required.Mechanical ventilation systemswillneedtocomplywithAS1668.2–Theuseofmechanicalventilationandair-conditioninginbuildings.

Inimplementingtheacceptabletreatmentpackages,thefollowingmustbeobserved:

• Evaporative air conditioning systems will meet the requirements for Packages A and Bprovided attenuated air vents are provided in the ceiling space and designed so thatwindowsdonotneedtobeopened.

• Refrigerant based air conditioning systems need to be designed to achieve fresh airventilationrequirements.

• External openings (e.g. air inlets, vents) need to be positioned facing away from thetransportcorridorwherepracticable.

• Ductworkneedstobeprovidedwithadequatesilencingtopreventnoiseintrusion.

Notification

Notificationsoncertificatesoftitleandadvicetoprospectivepurchaserswarningofthepotentialfornoiseimpactsfrommajortransportcorridorshelpwithmanagingexpectations.

The area of land forwhich notification is required should be identified in the noisemanagementplanandcontainadescriptionofmajornoisesourcesnearby(e.g.24-hourfreightrail).

Notification should be provided to prospective purchasers, and required as a condition ofsubdivision (including strata subdivision) for the purposes of noise sensitive development orplanningapprovalinvolvingnoisesensitivedevelopment,whereexternalnoiselevelsareforecastorestimatedtoexceedthe’target’criteriaasdefinedbythePolicy.

Inthecaseofsubdivisionanddevelopment,conditionsofapprovalshouldincludearequirementforregistration of a notice on title, which is provided for under Section 165 of the Planning andDevelopmentAct2005andSection70AoftheTransferofLandAct1893.Anexampleofasuitablenoticeis:

Notice: This lot is situated in thevicinityofa transport corridorand is currentlyaffected,ormay in the futurebeaffected,bytransportnoise.TransportationnoisecontrolsandQuietHousedesignstrategiesatpotentialcosttotheownermayberequiredtoachieveanacceptablelevelofnoisereduction.Furtherinformationisavailableonrequestfromtherelevantlocalgovernmentoffices.



Appendix B

Terminology


LloydGeorgeAcoustics

Reference:16073651-01.docx PageB1

Thefollowingisanexplanationoftheterminologyusedthroughoutthisreport.

Decibel(dB)Thedecibelistheunitthatdescribesthesoundpressureandsoundpowerlevelsofanoisesource.Itisalogarithmicscalereferencedtothethresholdofhearing.

A-WeightingAn A-weighted noise level has been filtered in such a way as to represent the way in which thehumanearperceivessound.Thisweightingreflectsthefactthatthehumanearisnotassensitivetolowerfrequenciesasitistohigherfrequencies.AnA-weightedsoundlevelisdescribedasLAdB.

L1An L1 level is the noise levelwhich is exceeded for 1 per cent of themeasurement period and isconsideredtorepresenttheaverageofthemaximumnoiselevelsmeasured.

L10AnL10 level is thenoise levelwhich isexceeded for10percentof themeasurementperiodand isconsideredtorepresentthe“intrusive”noiselevel.

L90AnL90 level is thenoise levelwhich isexceeded for90percentof themeasurementperiodand isconsideredtorepresentthe“background”noiselevel.

LeqTheLeqlevelrepresentstheaveragenoiseenergyduringameasurementperiod.

LA10,18hourTheLA10,18hourlevelisthearithmeticaverageofthehourlyLA10levelsbetween6.00amandmidnight.TheCoRTNalgorithmsweredevelopedtocalculatethisparameter.

LAeq,24hourTheLAeq,24hourlevelisthelogarithmicaverageofthehourlyLAeqlevelsforafullday(frommidnighttomidnight).

LAeq,8hour/LAeq(Night)TheLAeq(Night) level is the logarithmicaverageof thehourlyLAeq levels from10.00pmto6.00amonthesameday.

LAeq,16hour/LAeq(Day)TheLAeq(Day)levelisthelogarithmicaverageofthehourlyLAeqlevelsfrom6.00amto10.00pmonthesameday.Thisvalueistypically1-3dBlessthantheLA10,18hour.

Rw

This is the weighted sound reduction index and is similar to the previously used STC (SoundTransmission Class) value. It is a single number rating determined bymoving a grading curve inintegralstepsagainstthelaboratorymeasuredtransmissionlossuntilthesumofthedeficienciesateachone-third-octaveband,between100Hzand3.15kHz,doesnotexceed32dB.ThehighertheRwvalue,thebettertheacousticperformance.




Ctr

This isaspectrumadaptationtermforairbornenoiseandprovidesacorrectiontotheRwvaluetosuit source sounds with significant low frequency content such as road traffic or home theatresystems.Awallthatprovidesarelativelyhighleveloflowfrequencyattenuation(i.e.masonry)mayhaveavalueintheorderof–4dB,whilstawallwithrelativelypoorattenuationatlowfrequencies(i.e.studwall)mayhaveavalueintheorderof-14dB.

SatisfactoryDesignSoundLevelThe level of noise that has been found to be acceptable bymost people for the environment inquestionandalsotobenotintrusive.

MaximumDesignSoundLevelThe levelofnoiseabovewhichmostpeopleoccupying thespacestart tobecomedissatisfiedwiththelevelofnoise.

ChartofNoiseLevelDescriptors

AustroadsVehicleClass




TypicalNoiseLevels


Documents

Road Traffic Noise Assessment - City of Cockburn