Roaring Twenties

Identification (3 Points)

1.Warren Harding

Answer One

• Warren Harding was the President who followed Wilson after World War I. He ran on a platform of a “return to normalcy”. He was seen as a calming force after the tumultuous years of Wilson’s Presidency.

Identification (3 Points)

2.Reparations

WWI Battlefield

Answer Two

• Reparations were payments for damages to the allies from Germany after World War I. These penalties were severe and caused resentment by the Germans which would later lead to the climate responsible for the rise of Hitler.

Identification (3 Points)

• 3. Five-Power Treaty

WWI Soldier

Answer Three

• Five-Power Treaty was a pact by which The United States, Great Britain, Japan, France and Italy agreed to freeze their navies at 1921 levels. This treaty was designed to reduce tension and budget strains in the world.

Identification (3 Points)

• 4. Bureau of the Budget

Answer Four

• Bureau of the Budget was created to reconcile the taxation and spending units of the government. This agency was designed to control spending and make government more efficient.

Identification (3 Points)

• 5.Open Shop

Answer Five

• Open Shop was a place of work where workers were not required to join a union. Open shops were not good for union membership.

Identification (3 Points)

• 6.Welfare Capitalism

Answer Six

• Welfare Capitalism was a way businesses began to treat their workers with more respect. This system allowed workers to buy shares in the company they worked for as well as allowing them health insurance and retirement pensions.

Identification (3 Points)

• 7.National Origins Act

Ellis Island

Answer Seven

• National Origins Act was a law that was aimed at restricting immigration. It set quotas of immigration from particular countries based on the number of people from that country who were already in the United States.

Identification (3 Points)

• 8.Teapot Dome Scandal

President Warren Harding

Answer Eight

• Teapot Dome Scandal was a scandal that occurred during the Harding Administration. Albert Falls , Harding’s Secretary of Interior was secretly leasing the rights to drill for oil on Federal Lands and pocketing bribes for doing so.

Identification (3 Points)

• 9.Laissez Faire

President Calvin Coolidge

Answer Nine

• Laissez Faire was a French term meaning “let alone”. In the United States, it referred to a “hands off’ policy towards business. This philosophy was practiced during the Harding and Coolidge Administrations.

Identification (3 Points)

• 10.Calvin Coolidge

Answer Ten

• Calvin Coolidge was the President who succeeded Harding after his death. He was a man of few words and believed in taking as little action as possible on issues, allowing them to sort themselves out.

Identification (3 Points)

• 11.Henry Ford

Answer Eleven

• Henry Ford established the assembly line to manufacture inexpensive automobiles for the general public. The easy to operate and affordable Model T allowed the middle class to own cars for the first time.

Identification (3 Points)

• 12.Farm Bloc

Answer Twelve

• Farm Bloc was a group of 25 Senators and 100 Representatives from farm states. By banding together and using their votes as a group, they were able to influence legislation and enact laws that benefited farmers.

Identification (3 Points)

• 13.Charles Evans Hughes

Answer Thirteen

• Charles Evans Hughes was Coolidge’s Secretary of State. He believed America should only intervene in Latin America to promote political stability and NOT to assist US investors in foreign companies.

Identification (3 Points)

• 14.Charles Lindbergh

Answer Fourteen

• Charles Lindbergh was an American hero who flew the “Spirit of St.Louis” on the first non-stop flight from America to France. He was the most prolific hero of the 1920’s.

Identification (3 Points)

• 15.Federal Radio Commission

Answer Fifteen

• Federal Radio Commission was established in 1927 to regulate the broadcasting industry. The FRC was the forerunner of the Federal Communications Agency.

Identification (3 Points)

• 16.Al Capone

Answer Sixteen

• Al Capone was a Chicago gangster who made a fortune during prohibition smuggling and distilling alcohol. The money generated by this illicit business eventually became a corrupting influence on the government.

Identification (3 Points)

• 17.Prohibition

Answer Seventeen

• Prohibition was a constitutional amendment that prohibited the use of alcohol. Prohibition, in many ways, led to the rise of organized crime as the “Mob” filled the void and supplied a product that was illegal but the public wanted.

Identification (3 Points)

• 18.Ernest Hemmingway

Answer Eighteen

• Ernest Hemmingway was an author whose style was direct and simple. He wrote many stories about war and the meaningless violence associated with it.

Identification (3 Points)

• 19.Marcus Garvey

Answer Nineteen

• Marcus Garvey was a Black leader who believed in Negro Nationalism. He wanted Blacks to leave America and return to Africa.

Identification (3 Points)

• 20.Al Smith

Answer Twenty

• Al Smith was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for President in 1924. He was a Roman Catholic Governor of New York who did not support Prohibition. He did, however, gain the Democratic nomination in 1928.

Short Answer One (10 Points)

• What were the two major foreign policy problems which the United States faced at the end of World War I? Describe some of the different approaches taken to solving these problems.

World War I

Answer

• The United States was concerned with two major foreign policy issues in the 1920’s. The first issue concerned collecting our debts owed from fighting World War I from both our allies and Germany. The second was to maintain peace so that the United States could avoid becoming embroiled in another war. These problems were addressed through various treaties and by allowing the allies to pass most of their debts on to Germany. This strategy made Germany weak and resentful and was one of the causes for the rise of the Nazis during the 1930’s.

Short Answer Two (10 Points)

• What was the impact of the Automobile on American life in the 1920’s?

Model T

Answer

• There are three major impacts on society that the automobile spurred. . The car allowed mobility for people who owned them which allowed owners to experience life beyond their backyards and immediate homes. New industries emerged after the adoption of the automobile as a staple of American life. These industries included road building, gas stations and auto mechanic garages. Thirdly, the rural areas of America became less isolated as people both left and came to these areas spreading trade and ideas.

Short Answer Three (10 Points)

• What was the Scopes trial and what was its’ effect on Americans in the 1920’s?

Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryant

Answer

• The Scopes trial was a battle between science and religion. It involved a teacher (Scopes) who taught evolution in his high school science class. This was against the law in Tennessee. Clarence Darrow defended Scopes while William Jennings Bryant was the lawyer for the state. Although Scopes lost his trial, his case symbolized the tensions in America in the 1920’s between older beliefs and social change.

Short Answer Four (10 Points)

• What were the factors that led to an increase in crime in the 1920’s from previous decades?

FBI Man Elliot Ness

Answer

• Prohibition was a major force in the growing crime rate in America. Poor immigrants crowded in cities also provided an environment for crime as did the growth of the cities and the mobility created by the advent of the automobile.