Upload
gerd
View
37
Download
4
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Introducing Desirable Difficulties for Educational Applications in Science. Robert A. Bjork, Lindsey Richland, Matt Hays, and Jason Finley UCLA Marcia C. Linn, Britte Cheng UC Berkeley - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Introducing Desirable Difficulties for Educational
Applications in Science
Robert A. Bjork, Lindsey Richland, Matt Hays, and Jason Finley
UCLA
Marcia C. Linn, Britte Cheng
UC Berkeley
Thanks to RAs: Dan Fink, Greg Cragg, Katy Cohanshohet, Asako Kumeya, Francis Yau, Kitty Goss, Tabby Dadvand
www.psych.ucla.edu/iddeas
Desirable Difficulties
• Design principles that have been found, in laboratory research, to impair performance during training but enhance performance at a delay
IDDEAS Introducing Desirable Difficulties for Educational Applications in Science
• Broad Goals: extend laboratory research on learning and memory to classroom environment, explore interactions b/w DDs
• Narrower Goal: Implement desirable learning difficulties in a web-based science module (WISE) for 8th graders, with aim of improving effectiveness of such modules
Presentation Schedule
Example Performance during training
Performance at a delay
Massed A,A,A,A,A better worse
Spaced A, A, A, A, A worse better
Spacing Effect
Presentation Order
Example Performance during training
Performance at a delay
Blocked A,A,A,A,A,B,B,B,B,B better worse
Interleaved A,B,B,A,B,A,A,B,A,B worse better
Interleaving Effect
Theories Explaining Interleaving
Contextual Interference (Battig, 1972, 1979)
• Reloading/ Reconstruction (e.g. Lee & Magill, 1983, 1985)
• Development of higher order framework/ Elaboration (Shea & Zimny, 1983, 1988)
• “It’s just the spacing effect”
Web-based Inquiry Science Environment (WISE)
• A system/tool for scientific instruction
• Promotes knowledge integration, collaborative learning, visible thinking
• Contains modules on a wide variety of topics, with options to customize and to create new modules
• Plus: a useful research tool!
IDDEAS WISE Exp 3 Motivations
• Extend laboratory studies on interleaving to realistic educational material
• Focus on contextual interference as possible mechanism for interleaving effect
Learning Materials• 2 Sets of Learning Stimuli
– Planet Formation– Star Formation
• Examples– “Planets form in a disk of material around a star. This
circumstellar disk contains gases and tiny particles of metals; the total mass is several thousand times that of the planets that emerge from it.”
– “Solar systems, and the stars at their centers, begin as giant molecular clouds. These clouds are primarily made of hydrogen gas, but can also contain water vapor, nitrous oxide, ethanol, and molecules with carbon rings.”
2 Independent Variables
1. Presentation Order– Blocked (P,P,P,P,S,S,S,S)– Interleaved (P,S,S,P,S,P,P,S)
2. Competition due to Arrangement– Greater Competition (more similar slides
arranged together)– Less Competition (more similar slides arranged
apart)
Dependent Variable
• Performance on Post-Test (2-day delay)– Multiple-choice Qs– Fill-in-the-Blank Qs– Sorting Task
Design Overview
• 2 sets of learning stimuli• Planet Formation (P)• Star Formation (S)
• Presentation• Order: Blocked (P,P,P,P,S,S,S,S) vs. Interleaved
(P,S,S,P,S,P,P,S)• Competition by Arrangement: Greater vs. Less
• Post-Test• 48 hour delay
• Metacognition– Questionnaire given after learning and after test
RESULTS!!!
Performance on Star/Planet Sorting Task
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
blocked interleaved
Presentation Order
% Correct
greater competition
less competition
Metacognition
Future Directions?
• Different Material
• Interleaving w/ other Desirable Difficulties?